CN101822162A - Full film double-furrow seeding method - Google Patents
Full film double-furrow seeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101822162A CN101822162A CN201010167116A CN201010167116A CN101822162A CN 101822162 A CN101822162 A CN 101822162A CN 201010167116 A CN201010167116 A CN 201010167116A CN 201010167116 A CN201010167116 A CN 201010167116A CN 101822162 A CN101822162 A CN 101822162A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a full film double-furrow seeding method, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting a plot; (2) deep-ploughing and ploughing stubble after preceding crops are harvested in summer and autumn, and raking until the ground is even; (3) evenly spraying fertilizer on the ground surface according to 3000-5000kg/acre before ridging; (4) rowing and ridging; (5) disinfecting soil; (6) laminating in autumn or laminating with ice; (7) selecting seeds; (8) at the middle and the end of April, carrying out bunch planting sowing when temperature keeps stable and exceeds 10 DEG C; (9) carrying out field management in a seedling stage, a middle stage and a rear stage, and preventing and curing insect pests; and (10) cultivating and recovering a residual film. The method is simple and feasible and can effectively solve the problem of invalid evaporation of soil moisture in a dry farming agricultural region.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of type of seeding, relate in particular to a kind of full film double-furrow seeding method.
Background technology
Gansu Province is located in the inland, northwest, water resource is seriously deficient, and seasonal drought is resident, is the western typical arid of China, semiarid big agricultural province, its extreme fragile ecology and harsh natural conditions cause the agricultural production big rise and big fall, and grain yield is low and unstable.And the obstacle of dry farming maximum is the invalid evaporation problem of soil moisture, and conventional to broadcast preceding half film tiling ground coverage rate low, generally has only 50%～60%; The exposed for a long time evaporation of soil moisture experience winter and spring, (4-6 month) soil moisture content extreme difference before broadcasting usually causes spring sown crop such as corn to sow.Therefore press for a kind of type of seeding that can solve dry farming district soil moisture invalid evaporation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of simple and easy to do, full film double-furrow seeding method that can effectively solve dry farming district soil moisture invalid evaporation.
For addressing the above problem, a kind of full film double-furrow seeding method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) select that physical features is smooth, in the soil particle less than 0.002mm and clay content more than 15%, the content of organic matter between 1～5%, the plot of the gradient below 15 degree;
(2) at volt autumn preceding crop results back deep ploughing stubble-cleaning, and rake a kind of farm tools is smooth to ground;
(3) by 3000～5000kg/ mu farmyard manure is sprinkling upon the face of land equably before the ridging, mu is executed urea 25～30kg, superphosphate 50～70kg, potassium sulphate 15～20kg, zinc sulphate 2～3kg or mu and is executed corn fertilizer 80kg simultaneously;
(4) ridging that paddles: draw complete field from 35 centimetres of orders by a micro-ridge one big ridge of distance rand, ditching, ridging, ground, gentle slope are moved towards along the contour ditching, ridging by crop-planting in the tableland, river; Wherein big row spacing 70cm, high 10cm, the wide 40cm of micro-ridge, high 15cm;
(5) soil disinfection;
(6) autumn, overlay film was insulted on overlay film or top: at first open the dark ditch of 5cm along the sideline, on one side the mulch film of the line that keeps to the side is put into ditch, real with soil pressure, the another side of mulch film is placed in the middle of the big ridge; Fix every 2 meters original places of fetching earth under the film limit along mulch film then, and every 2～3 meters horizontal firming waistbands, covered first width of cloth film after, the one side of second width of cloth film and first width of cloth film are being joined in the middle of big ridge, film and film are not overlapping, and be real in complete field, shop from next Da Long ridge side-draw soil pressure; Behind the overlay film, in furrow, establish the infiltration hole of a diameter 3mm every the 50cm place;
(7) seed selection;
(8) in mid or late April, and temperature stable during by 10 ℃ bunch plating plant;
(9) carry out the field management in seedling stage, mid-term, later stage, and carry out pest control;
(10) gather in the crops and reclaim residual film.
The deep ploughing degree of depth in the described step (2) is 25～30cm.
The overlay film time in autumn in the described step (6) is mid or late October, the top insult the overlay film time be March early and middle ten days and soil disappear and freeze 15cm.
The ground film thickness that overlay film is adopted in the described step (6) is 0.008～0.01mm, the wide 120cm of being.
Sideline in the described step (6) is the line that draw in 35 centimetres of places of span rand.
Native waistband in the described step (6) is meant on mulch film perpendicular to overlay film direction firming.
In the described step (8) planting density for when annual rainfall during 250～350 millimeters regional spacing in the rows be 35～40cm, 3000～3500 strain/mus; The spacing in the rows when 350～450 millimeters regional of rainfall then is 30～35cm, 3500～4000 strain/mus; When annual rainfall during 450～550 millimeters regional spacing in the rows be 27～30cm, 4000～4500 strain/mus.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, since the present invention change before the sowing overlay film be autumn overlay film, change half film and be covered as full ground covering with plastic film, level off the shop for the alternate overlay film of furrow, therefore can make entirely and form separation layer between the face and atmosphere, cut off the evaporation of moisture in the soil, rainfall is all protected holds at the soil reservoir, and the interception by the field current collecting field, make the rainfall of crop-planting district and non-growing area all be flowed to seed furrow, gather crop root at last, the be multiplied actual rainfall of crop root zone has realized that the enrichment stack of rainwater utilizes.Particularly can effectively tackle, reach the rainfall effect of 20～30mm, be pooled to seed furrow by face to the small precipitation below the spring 10mm, can effectively solve northern dry farming district because of spring drought have a strong impact on sowing and seedling stage lack of water problem.
Show through experimental study that 2, full film double-furrow was broadcast technology precipitation availability and was up to 75.2% autumn, on average reached 74.2%, the corn moisture utilization ratio is up to 2.52kg/mm. mu, on average reaches 2.41kg/mm. mu; Make broadcast before the water storage of 1m soil increase 50.2mm than half film tiling, being equivalent to mu increases by 33.5 cubes of water, soil moisture content is broadcast preceding half film tiling increase by 30.2%.
Ling Quan film two ridge trench sowing in spring technology precipitation availabilitys in top are up to 72.7%, on average reach 71%, and the corn moisture utilization ratio is up to 2.36kg/mm. mu, on average reaches 2.24kg/mm. mu; Make and broadcast preceding 1m soil water storage than half film tiling increase 31.7mm, being equivalent to mu increases by 21.1 cubes of water, soil moisture content increase by 19.1%.
3,, so can improve crop yield (referring to table 1, table 2, table 3) significantly because the present invention makes effect such as the inhibition evaporation, rainwater harvesting, poor-water enrichment of mulch film obtain maximally utilising.
Table 1: the semiarid inclined to one side drought-hit area corn of year precipitation 250～350mm is optimized model test yield result statistical form
Table 2: the semiarid inclined to one side drought-hit area corn of year precipitation 350～450mm is optimized model test yield result statistical form
| Overlay film (contrast) before the tiling of half film | 475.92 | 425.77 | 439.83 | 447.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Table 3: the half moistening inclined to one side drought-hit area corn of year precipitation 450～500mm is optimized model test yield result statistical form
Annotate: two factors randomized blocks design are adopted in test, and three weight are provided with film mulching method, overlay film two factors in period.
3, the present invention is applicable to below the height above sea level 2300m, the area of annual rainfall 250～550mm, and suitable crop has corn, potato, jerusalem artichoke, sunflower, thin planting vegetables etc.
Embodiment
A kind of full film double-furrow seeding method may further comprise the steps:
(1) select that physical features is smooth, soil layer thickly reaches more than 1 meter, in the soil particle less than 0.002mm and clay content more than 15%, the content of organic matter between 1～5%, the plot of the gradient below 15 degree.
(2) at volt autumn preceding crop results back deep ploughing 25～30cm stubble-cleaning, and rake a kind of farm tools is smooth to ground.
(3) by 3000～5000kg/ mu farmyard manure is sprinkling upon the face of land equably before the ridging, mu is executed urea 25～30kg, superphosphate 50～70kg, potassium sulphate 15～20kg, zinc sulphate 2～3kg or mu and is executed corn fertilizer (Xinyi City New Port chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd provides) 80kg simultaneously.
(4) ridging that paddles: draw complete field from 35 centimetres of orders by a micro-ridge one big ridge of distance rand, ditching, ridging, ground, gentle slope are moved towards along the contour ditching, ridging by crop-planting in the tableland, river; Wherein big row spacing 70cm, high 10cm, the wide 40cm of micro-ridge, high 15cm;
Use 1LFX (R)-40/80 ridger along the micro-ridge ditching, ridging of ruling; During with the walking plough ditching, ridging, along micro-ridge line back and forth to the centre micro-ridge of having turned over, plough arm during with the ridging soil that falls is scraped to big ridge with hand rake and is formed the ridge face, with the homemade reshaper of peasant (with 60 centimetres of block lengths, wide 15 centimetres, thick 1 centimetre plank, be made into the high 15 centimetres semicircle of ridge, outward flange is whittled into blade-like, the heart is vertically followed closely (edge) long 1.5 meters left and right sides waddys and is made handle therein, be used for wipeing off furrow and ridge face, break up the clods, improve compound film quality and overlay film progress) arrangement ridge face, make ridge face protuberance, prevent to form depression and be unfavorable for collecting rain.
(5) soil disinfection: to the underground insect serious plot of causing harm, every mu is that 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.5kg adds thin sand and soil 30cm with volumetric concentration behind the ridging, mixes pesticide-clay mixture and spreads fertilizer over the fields, or convert water 50kg and spray.
The plot serious to weeds harm is that 50% acetochlor ec 100g converts the full ground of water 50kg and sprays with volumetric concentration behind the ridging, sprayed timely overlay film behind the ridge.
(6) autumn, overlay film was insulted on overlay film or top: (sideline is the line that draw in 35 centimetres of places of span rand at first along the sideline.) open the dark ditch of 5cm, on one side the mulch film of the line that keeps to the side is put into ditch, real with soil pressure, the another side of mulch film is placed in the middle of the big ridge; Fix every 2 meters original places of fetching earth under the film limit along mulch film then, and (native waistband is meant on mulch film perpendicular to overlay film direction firming every 2～3 meters horizontal firming waistbands.), covered first width of cloth film after, the one side of second width of cloth film and first width of cloth film are being joined in the middle of big ridge, film and film are not overlapping, and be real in complete field, shop from next Da Long ridge side-draw soil pressure; Mulch film to be stretched during overlay film and pave, after fetching earth from the ridge face, should flatten immediately.Behind the overlay film, when mulch film and ground are adjacent to, in furrow, establish the infiltration hole of a diameter 3mm, the collection rain of furrow is infiltrated every the 50cm place.
Wherein the overlay film time in autumn is mid or late October, the top insult the overlay film time be March early and middle ten days and soil disappear and freeze 15cm; The ground film thickness that overlay film adopted is 0.008～0.01mm, the wide 120cm of being.
(7) seed selection: in conjunction with local natural conditions (rainfall, accumulated temperature) and climate characteristic (late frost time, microclimate characteristics), select capsuled seed, as hybrid maize kinds such as No. 16, Shen Dan, Yuyu No.22, golden fringe series, golden source series, wine examinations 20.
Be the control soil insect, available volume is dressed seed by 0.1%～0.2% of seed weight than the phoxim emulsifiable concentrate that is 50%; For preventing and treating diseases such as gall smut, available volume concentration is that 20% triadimefon pulvis or volumetric concentration are that thiophanate methyl missible oil 150～200g of 70% adds water 1.5～2.5kg, dresses seed to 50kg.
(8) in mid or late April, and temperature stable during by 10 ℃ with corn dibbler spacing in the rows in accordance with regulations with the bunch planting of seed rupture of membranes in ditch, 2～3 of every cave seeding downs, seed level 3～5cm, jam on planting hole after the program request immediately, seed and soil are combined closely, or with loose matters such as fine sand soil, the livestock barnyard manure planting hole of obturaging, prevent loose moisture in the soil and meet the rain influence of hardening and emerge of planting hole.
Wherein planting density for when annual rainfall during 250～350 millimeters regional spacing in the rows be 35～40cm, 3000～3500 strain/mus; The spacing in the rows when 350～450 millimeters regional of rainfall then is 30～35cm, 3500～4000 strain/mus; When annual rainfall during 450～550 millimeters regional spacing in the rows be 27～30cm, 4000～4500 strain/mus.
(9) carry out the field management in seedling stage, mid-term, later stage, and carry out pest control.
Wherein seedling management (emerging～jointing): meet rain period at spring drought, earthing forms easily and hardens, and causes the difficulty that comes up, and makes to emerge uneven or be short of seedling, and draws seedling so will break ground when emerging after broadcasting; The discovery disconnected ridge that is short of seedling will in time be transplanted, and after filling the gaps with seedlings in the place of being short of seedling, waters low amounts of water, seals eyelet with thin wet soil then; When seedling reaches 4～5 leaves, remove prevent or cure a disease, weak, assorted seedling, in the strong sprout that keeps the growth neat and consistent, seedling 1 strain is stayed in every cave; When finding that (wooden fork) tillered in generation in a large number, need thoroughly get rid of from base portion and tiller.
Middle term management (jointing～take out hero): when corn enters the typhon mouth during phase, punch in the middle of two strains with corn dibbler or fertilizer-applicating gun, impose urea 15～20kg or urea is dissolved in 150～200kg water by every mu, attack fringe with strong stalk with between two strains, punch 50～60 milliliters of pourings of kettle.
Final-period management (taking out hero～maturation): do not topdress in case remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe in the plot that fertility is high; If during fertilizer deficiency symptoms such as discovery plant jaundice, impose urea 5kg to increase granulated fertilizer by every mu.
(10) when made from bracteal leaf of corn flavescence, seed milk-line disappear, results when the seed hardening is glossy.Fruit ear is received back built or airing, and preventing to drench with rain to make moist causes seed to go mouldy, treat that moisture is reduced to 13% below after, threshing storage or sale; And stalk gathered in the crops ensiling, reclaim residual film simultaneously.
Claims (7)
1. full film double-furrow seeding method may further comprise the steps:
(1) select that physical features is smooth, in the soil particle less than 0.002mm and clay content more than 15%, the content of organic matter between 1～5%, the plot of the gradient below 15 degree;
(2) at volt autumn preceding crop results back deep ploughing stubble-cleaning, and rake a kind of farm tools is smooth to ground;
(3) by 3000～5000kg/ mu farmyard manure is sprinkling upon the face of land equably before the ridging, mu is executed urea 25～30kg, superphosphate 50～70kg, potassium sulphate 15～20kg, zinc sulphate 2～3kg or mu and is executed corn fertilizer 80kg simultaneously;
(4) ridging that paddles: draw complete field from 35 centimetres of orders by a micro-ridge one big ridge of distance rand, ditching, ridging, ground, gentle slope are moved towards along the contour ditching, ridging by crop-planting in the tableland, river; Wherein big row spacing 70cm, high 10cm, the wide 40cm of micro-ridge, high 15cm;
(5) soil disinfection;
(6) autumn, overlay film was insulted on overlay film or top: at first open the dark ditch of 5cm along the sideline, on one side the mulch film of the line that keeps to the side is put into ditch, real with soil pressure, the another side of mulch film is placed in the middle of the big ridge; Fix every 2 meters original places of fetching earth under the film limit along mulch film then, and every 2～3 meters horizontal firming waistbands, covered first width of cloth film after, the one side of second width of cloth film and first width of cloth film are being joined in the middle of big ridge, film and film are not overlapping, and be real in complete field, shop from next Da Long ridge side-draw soil pressure; Behind the overlay film, in furrow, establish the infiltration hole of a diameter 3mm every the 50cm place;
(7) seed selection;
(8) in mid or late April, and temperature stable during by 10 ℃ bunch plating plant;
(9) carry out the field management in seedling stage, mid-term, later stage, and carry out pest control;
(10) gather in the crops and reclaim residual film.
2. full film double-furrow seeding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the deep ploughing degree of depth in the described step (2) is 25～30cm.
3. full film double-furrow seeding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the overlay film time in autumn in the described step (6) is mid or late October, the top insult the overlay film time be March early and middle ten days and soil disappear and freeze 15cm.
4. full film double-furrow seeding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the ground film thickness that overlay film is adopted in the described step (6) is 0.008～0.01mm, the wide 120cm of being.
5. full film double-furrow seeding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the sideline in the described step (6) is the line that draw in 35 centimetres of places of span rand.
6. full film double-furrow seeding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the native waistband in the described step (6) is meant on mulch film perpendicular to overlay film direction firming.
7. full film double-furrow seeding method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described step (8) planting density for when annual rainfall during 250～350 millimeters regional spacing in the rows be 35～40cm, 3000～3500 strain/mus; The spacing in the rows when 350～450 millimeters regional of rainfall then is 30～35cm, 3500～4000 strain/mus; When annual rainfall during 450～550 millimeters regional spacing in the rows be 27～30cm, 4000～4500 strain/mus.
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| CN102577836A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-18 | 戴实忠 | Planting method for using mulch on corn field to collect rainwater and perforator |
| CN102696374A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 杨祁峰 | Annual mulching film full coverage old film peeling and new film replacing fertilization and seeding integral method for dry farming regions |
| CN103190261A (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-07-10 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Mulching method for dry-farmed potatoes |
| CN103392417A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-11-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Tillage-free method for directly seeding winter wheat into dry-land mulching film cornfield |
| CN103404335A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-11-27 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Method for storing moisture and preventing drought in dry farming spring corn area |
| CN103518502A (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-22 | 山东登海种业股份有限公司西由种子分公司 | Method for sowing corn in deep holes with films covered |
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| CN103843557A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-06-11 | 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心 | Micro-ridging, mulching and sowing method for dry-land corn of cold and cool zones |
| CN103918466A (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-07-16 | 菏泽学院 | Corn furrow planting method |
| CN104041275A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-17 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Spring corn planting method in rain-fed dry-farming area of Heilonggang area |
| CN104221682A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-24 | 甘肃农业大学 | Dry-land potato mechanized full-film furrow-ridge cultivating method |
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| CN105191599A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-12-30 | 张世峰 | Double-furrow film-covering planting technology for corn |
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| CN102577836A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-18 | 戴实忠 | Planting method for using mulch on corn field to collect rainwater and perforator |
| CN102696374A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 杨祁峰 | Annual mulching film full coverage old film peeling and new film replacing fertilization and seeding integral method for dry farming regions |
| CN103518502A (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-22 | 山东登海种业股份有限公司西由种子分公司 | Method for sowing corn in deep holes with films covered |
| CN103190261A (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-07-10 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Mulching method for dry-farmed potatoes |
| CN103392417A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-11-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Tillage-free method for directly seeding winter wheat into dry-land mulching film cornfield |
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| CN103392417B (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2016-05-18 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | The method of mulched maize field, a kind of nonirrigated farmland no-tillage and direct-seeding winter wheat |
| CN103404335B (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-11-18 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | A kind of level of spring corn in arid areas district stores the method that moisture in the soil drives drought |
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