CN108141138A - 电力转换装置 - Google Patents

电力转换装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108141138A
CN108141138A CN201680057715.8A CN201680057715A CN108141138A CN 108141138 A CN108141138 A CN 108141138A CN 201680057715 A CN201680057715 A CN 201680057715A CN 108141138 A CN108141138 A CN 108141138A
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power
capacitor
direct current
inverter
converted
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河村恒毅
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Toshiba Corp
Toshiba Infrastructure Systems and Solutions Corp
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Toshiba Corp
Toshiba Infrastructure Systems and Solutions Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
    • B60L9/18—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines
    • B60L9/22—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines polyphase motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/28—Structural combinations of electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices with other electric components not covered by this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0096—Means for increasing hold-up time, i.e. the duration of time that a converter's output will remain within regulated limits following a loss of input power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

电力转换装置的结构复杂化。电力转换装置具备一次电路、二次电路以及变压器。一次电路将直流电力转换成交流电力并输出。二次电路将交流电力转换成直流电力。变压器将一次电路与二次电路电绝缘，对一次电路输出的交流电力的电压进行变压并输出到二次电路。二次电路具有第一电容器、第二电容器、电阻器以及二极管。第一电容器去除从交流电力转换成的直流电力的脉动成分。第二电容器的静电容量比第一电容器大，与第一电容器并联连接，通过从交流电力转换成的直流电力来充电电力。电阻器与第二电容器串联连接。二极管与第二电容器串联连接并且与电阻器并联连接，对充电到第二电容器中的电力进行放电。

Description

电力转换装置
技术领域
实施方式涉及电力转换装置。
背景技术
已知设置于电车等的电力转换装置。这种电力转换装置具备：一次电路，将接受的直流电力转换成交流电力；二次电路，将从一次电路接受的交流电力转换成直流电力；以及变压器，将一次电路与二次电路电绝缘，并且对交流电力进行变压并进行传递。
在这种电力转换装置中，在一次电路侧具有用于去除脉动成分的电抗器与滤波电容器。进一步，电力转换装置在一次电路侧具有补偿用的补偿电容器，所述补偿电容器在来自架线等外部的电力供给停止而导致停电时，防备出现充电到滤波电容器中的电力不足的情况而供给电力。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2008-154341号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
但是，在上述电力转换装置中，通过电抗器与滤波电容器去除特定频率的脉动成分，另外通过补偿电容器供给停电时的电力，因此两个电容器需要较大的静电容量，并且需要用于抑制充电初期的冲击电流的电阻以及接触器等。因此存在电力转换装置的结构复杂化的技术问题。
实施方式是鉴于上述技术问题而做出的，目的在于提供一种电力转换装置，其能够简化结构。
用于解决技术问题的方案
为了解决上述技术问题并达成目的，实施方式的电力转换装置具备一次电路、二次电路以及变压器。一次电路将直流电力转换成交流电力并输出。二次电路将交流电力转换成直流电力。变压器将一次电路与二次电路电绝缘，对一次电路输出的交流电力的电压进行变压并输出到二次电路。二次电路具有第一电容器、第二电容器、电阻器以及二极管。第一电容器去除从交流电力转换成的直流电力的脉动成分。第二电容器的静电容量比第一电容器大，与第一电容器并联连接，通过从交流电力转换成的直流电力来充电电力。电阻器与第二电容器串联连接。二极管与第二电容器串联连接并且与电阻器并联连接，对充电到第二电容器中的电力进行放电。
附图说明
图1是第一实施方式所涉及的电力转换装置的框图。
图2是第二实施方式所涉及的电力转换装置的框图。
具体实施方式
在以下的示例性的实施方式和变形例中，包括相同的构成要素。因此，以下对相同的构成要素赋予共同的附图标记，并省略一部分重复的说明。在实施方式和变形例中所包含的部分也能够通过与其他实施方式和变形例的对应部分进行置换来构成。另外，除特别说明之外，在实施方式和变形例中所包含的部分的结构和位置等与其他实施方式和变形例相同。
在以下的实施方式以及变形例中，示例出了将电力转换装置构成为电动车用的情况，但是实施方式所涉及的电力转换装置并不局限于此。
(第一实施方式)
图1是第一实施方式所涉及的电力转换装置10的框图。第一实施方式所涉及的电力转换装置10例如用于电动车。如图1所示，电力转换装置10设置在从直流架线(直流电线)80供给直流电力的受电弓等的集电器82与借助轨道84而设置的车轮86之间。
电力转换装置10具备一次电路12、作为变压器的一例的高频变压器14以及二次电路16。
一次电路12在集电器82以及车轮86的后段设置于高频变压器14的前段。一次电路12将从集电器82以及车轮86接受的交流电力转换成直流电力，并输出到高频变压器14。
一次电路12具有开放接触器20、作为升压部的一例的升压斩波器22、作为滤波部的一例的第一滤波电容器24以及高频逆变器26。在一次电路12中，将从开放接触器20到高频逆变器26为止的一侧的配线(例如正极侧的配线)作为配线L11，将另一侧的配线(例如负极侧的配线)作为配线L12。
开放接触器20为接触器(或者断路器)，串联连接于集电器82的后段的配线L11。开放接触器20对集电器82与一次电路12之间的路径的连接与切断即导通与关断进行切换。
升压斩波器22串联连接于开放接触器20的后段。升压斩波器22连接在配线L11与配线L12之间。升压斩波器22对经由集电器82接受的输入直流电力的电压进行升压。升压斩波器22去除低频的脉动成分。升压斩波器22的一例为非绝缘型升压扼流转换器。升压斩波器22具有电抗器28、逆流防止二极管30以及开关元件32。
电抗器28串联连接于开放接触器20的后段的配线L11。逆流防止二极管30串联连接于电抗器28的后段的配线L11。以电流从电抗器28向高频逆变器26的流动为正向的方向连接逆流防止二极管30。即，逆流防止二极管30的阳极侧连接于电抗器28，阴极侧连接于高频逆变器26。开关元件32在电抗器28的后段并且在逆流防止二极管30的前段连接在配线L11与配线L12之间。开关元件32接收与开关频率以及占空比相对应的控制信号。开关元件32根据控制信号对导通与关断进行切换，从而进行斩波动作。由此，升压斩波器22对输入直流电力进行升压并输出。
第一滤波电容器24连接于升压斩波器22的后段。第一滤波电容器24连接在配线L11与配线L12之间。第一滤波电容器24从经升压斩波器22升压的直流电力中去除脉动成分(即滤波)，并向高频逆变器26输出。此外，第一滤波电容器24也可以通过与电抗器28的协同动作来去除脉动成分。
高频逆变器26连接于升压斩波器22以及第一滤波电容器24的后段。高频逆变器26连接在配线L11与配线L12之间。高频逆变器26将升压以及去除了脉动成分的直流电力转换成交流电力，并输出到高频变压器14。例如，高频逆变器26输出具有商用电源(50Hz或者60Hz)的n倍(n为大于等于2的整数)的频率的交流电力。
高频变压器14连接于一次电路12的高频逆变器26的后段。高频变压器14具有一次线圈34与二次线圈36。一次线圈34连接于一次电路12的高频逆变器26。二次线圈36连接于二次电路16。高频变压器14按照与一次线圈34以及二次线圈36的线圈匝数比相对应的升压比，对一次电路12的高频逆变器26输出的交流电力的电压进行变压，并向二次电路16输出。在此，在高频变压器14中，一次线圈34与二次线圈36电绝缘。由此，高频变压器14将连接于一次线圈34的一次电路12与连接于二次线圈36的二次电路16电绝缘。
二次电路16连接于高频变压器14的后段。二次电路16在将交流电力转换成直流电力之后，再转换成三相交流电并输出到负载88。二次电路16具有整流器40、作为第一电容器的一例的第二滤波电容器42、补偿部44以及作为第二逆变器的一例的三相逆变器46。在二次电路16中，将从整流器40到三相逆变器46为止的一侧的配线(例如正极侧的配线)作为配线L21，将另一侧的配线(例如负极侧的配线)作为配线L22。
整流器40连接于高频变压器14的后段。整流器40例如具有多个二极管。整流器40将由高频变压器14变压的高频的交流电力转换成直流电力，并向第二滤波电容器42输出。
第二滤波电容器42连接于整流器40的后段。第二滤波电容器42连接在配线L21与配线L22之间。第二滤波电容器42去除通过整流器40从交流电力转换成的直流电力中包含的特定频率(例如大于等于20kHz)的脉动成分(即滤波)并输出。另外，第二滤波电容器42只要能够去除高频的脉动成分即可，其静电容量比用于去除直流架线80中包含的低频的脉动的容量小。
补偿部44连接于整流器40以及第二滤波电容器42的后段。补偿部44连接在配线L21与配线L22之间。补偿部44与第二滤波电容器42并联连接。补偿部44具有作为电阻器的一例的充电电阻器50、作为二极管的一例的放电二极管52以及作为第二电容器的一例的离线补偿电容器54。
充电电阻器50与离线补偿电容器54串联连接。充电电阻器50以及离线补偿电容器54连接在配线L21与配线L22之间。即，充电电阻器50以及离线补偿电容器54与第二滤波电容器42并联连接。放电二极管52与离线补偿电容器54串联连接。放电二极管52以及离线补偿电容器54连接在配线L21与配线L22之间。即，放电二极管52以及离线补偿电容器54与第二滤波电容器42并联连接。放电二极管52与充电电阻器50并联连接。在此，在本实施方式中，在整流器40与第二滤波电容器42之间未设置电阻器。因此，整流器40与第二滤波电容器42之间的电阻比充电电阻器50的电阻小。此外，即使是在整流器40与第二滤波电容器42之间设置有电阻器的情况下，该电阻器的电阻也优选比充电电阻器50的电阻小。
充电电阻器50使通过整流器40转换出的直流电力的一部分充电到离线补偿电容器54中。
以电流从配线L22向配线L21的流动为正向的方向连接放电二极管52。即，放电二极管52的阳极侧连接于离线补偿电容器54以及配线L22侧，阴极侧连接于配线L21。放电二极管52使充电到离线补偿电容器54中的电力放电。
离线补偿电容器54为电解电容器。离线补偿电容器54通过由整流器40从交流电力转换成的直流电力来充电电力。离线补偿电容器54在集电器82离开直流架线80从而导致电力供给瞬间停止的瞬间停电时，通过充电的电力来继续进行电力供给。在此，离线补偿电容器54的静电容量比第二滤波电容器42的静电容量大。例如，离线补偿电容器54的静电容量(例如10000μF)大于等于第二滤波电容器42的静电容量(例如100μF)的10倍。
三相逆变器46连接于第二滤波电容器42以及补偿部44的后段。三相逆变器46连接在配线L21与配线L22之间。三相逆变器46将经第二滤波电容器42滤波的直流电力转换成具有比高频逆变器26输出的交流电力的频率低的频率、且为高电压(例如440V)的三相交流电。三相逆变器46输出的三相交流电的频率的一例为商用电源的频率。三相逆变器46将转换出的三相交流电输出到空调装置以及电动空气压缩机等的负载88。
接下来，对上述电力转换装置10的动作进行说明。
在连接有开放接触器20的状态下，当集电器82接触到直流架线80时，直流架线80向电力转换装置10供给直流电力。在电力转换装置10中，升压斩波器22对从直流架线80供给的直流电力的电压进行升压并输出。第一滤波电容器24从经升压的直流电力中去除脉动成分，并向高频逆变器26输出。高频逆变器26将直流电力转换成高频的交流电力，并向高频变压器14输出。高频变压器14通过彼此电绝缘的一次线圈34以及二次线圈36向整流器40输出对电压进行了变压的交流电力。整流器40将交流电力转换成直流电力并输出。第二滤波电容器42去除整流器40输出的直流电力的脉动成分并输出。三相逆变器46将对脉动成分进行了滤波的直流电力转换成三相交流电，并输出到负载88。
在集电器82接线于直流架线80并从直流架线80供给电力的状态下，补偿部44的离线补偿电容器54经由充电电阻器50通过从整流器40供给的直流电力来充电。
另一方面，在集电器82从直流架线80离线而未从直流架线80供给电力的状态下，补偿部44的离线补偿电容器54经由放电二极管52向三相逆变器46输出充电的电力。
如上所述，第二滤波电容器42的静电容量比离线补偿电容器54的静电容量小。因此，电力转换装置10能够降低初期充电以及离线后再次接线时流向第二滤波电容器42的冲击充电电流，因此能够省去与第二滤波电容器42串联连接的电阻，从而简化结构。另外，电力转换装置10在静电容量较大的离线补偿电容器54上串联连接着充电电阻器50，因此能够抑制流向离线补偿电容器54的冲击充电电流。其结果是，电力转换装置10能够省去为了抑制流向滤波电容器以及补偿电容器两者的冲击充电电流而设置在一次电路12上的电阻器以及接触器，从而简化结构。
在电力转换装置10中，由于与离线补偿电容器54串联连接有充电电阻器50，因此第二滤波电容器42会吸收几乎全部脉动成分，因而离线补偿电容器54几乎不承受脉动成分。因此，电力转换装置10能够抑制离线补偿电容器54的劣化，延长使用寿命。由此，电力转换装置10能够在离线补偿电容器54中应用使用寿命虽短但能够小型化以及轻量化的电解电容器。其结果是，电力转换装置10能够实现小型化以及轻量化。
在电力转换装置10中，升压斩波器22能够去除直流电力的低频的脉动成分，因此能够降低第一滤波电容器24的静电容量，例如能够降低到100μF左右。进一步，在电力转换装置10中，通过提高升压斩波器22的开关元件32的开关频率，能够降低第一滤波电容器24的静电容量。
在电力转换装置10中，提高了高频逆变器26输出的交流电力的频率，例如提高到比商用电源的频率高。由此，电力转换装置10能够降低二次电路16的第二滤波电容器42的静电容量，例如能够降低到100μF左右。另外，电力转换装置10能够使高频变压器14小型化以及轻量化。
(第二实施方式)
图2是第二实施方式所涉及的电力转换装置110的框图。如图2所示，第二实施方式所涉及的电力转换装置110具备一次电路12、高频变压器114、二次电路16以及三次电路18。
高频变压器114进一步具有三次线圈136。三次线圈136连接于三次电路18。三次线圈136与一次线圈34以及二次线圈36电绝缘。三次线圈136从一次线圈34接受交流电力。高频变压器114按照与一次线圈34以及三次线圈136的线圈匝数比相对应的升压比，对交流电力的电压进行变压，并输出到三次电路18。
三次电路18发挥作为输出直流电力的直流电源的功能。三次电路18具有第二整流器140以及作为第三电容器的一例的第三滤波电容器142。在三次电路18中，将从第二整流器140到负载188为止的一侧的配线(例如正极侧的配线)作为配线L31，将另一侧的配线(例如负极侧的配线)作为配线L32。
第二整流器140连接于第三线圈136的后段。第二整流器140将从三次线圈136接受的交流电力转换成低电压(例如100V)的直流电力，并输出到负载188。
第三滤波电容器142连接于第二整流器140的后段。第三滤波电容器142连接在配线L31与配线L32之间。第三滤波电容器142从第二整流器140输出的直流电力中去除脉动成分。
在第二实施方式的电力转换装置110中，高频变压器114具有三个线圈，因此能够并联连接二次电路16以及三次电路18。在电动车中，作为辅助电源具有向第一实施方式中描述的空调装置以及电动空气压缩机等供给电力的三相交流电源(例如440V)、和向控制电动车的控制装置供给电力的直流电源(例如100V)。而且，直流电源通过在三相交流电源的后段经由变压器设置整流器来构成，通常进一步具备用于持续向控制装置供给电力的电池。因此，无需对直流电源进行离线补偿，而是在高频变压器的二次线圈上连接构成三相交流电源的二次电路，在高频变压器的三次线圈上连接构成直流电源的三次电路，由此，与由从二次电路16的补偿部44的后段分支出的电路构成直流电源的情况相比，能够降低二次电路16的电力转换容量。由此，电力转换装置110能够降低二次电路16的离线补偿电容器54的静电容量。
另外，三次电路18发挥作为低电压的直流电源的功能，因此不需要补偿部。由此，即使追加三次电路18，电力转换装置110也能够抑制结构的复杂化以及大型化。
可以对上述实施方式的各结构的配置、连接关系、个数进行适当变更。另外，也可以组合各实施方式。
例如，在上述实施方式中，第二滤波电容器42为电解电容器，但是第二滤波电容器42也可以为油浸电容器以及薄膜电容器等。
虽然对本发明的几个实施方式进行了说明，但是这些实施方式是作为例子提出的，并非旨在限定发明的保护范围。这些新颖的实施方式能够以其他各种方式实施，在不偏离发明宗旨的范围内，可以进行各种省略、替换、变更。这些实施方式或其变形包含在发明的保护范围或宗旨中，并且，包含在权利要求书所记载的发明和其等同的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种电力转换装置，具备：
一次电路，将直流电力转换成交流电力并输出；
二次电路，将交流电力转换成直流电力；以及
变压器，将所述一次电路与所述二次电路电绝缘，对所述一次电路输出的所述交流电力的电压进行变压并输出到所述二次电路；
所述二次电路具有：
第一电容器，去除从所述交流电力转换成的所述直流电力的脉动成分；
第二电容器，静电容量比所述第一电容器大，与所述第一电容器并联连接，通过从所述交流电力转换成的所述直流电力来充电电力；
电阻器，与所述第二电容器串联连接；以及
二极管，与所述第二电容器串联连接并且与所述电阻器并联连接，对充电到所述第二电容器中的电力进行放电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电力转换装置，其特征在于，
所述第二电容器为电解电容器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电力转换装置，其特征在于，
所述第二电容器的静电容量大于等于所述第一电容器的静电容量的10倍。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电力转换装置，其特征在于，
所述一次电路具有：
升压部，对所述直流电力进行升压；
滤波部，从经所述升压部升压的所述直流电力中去除脉动成分；以及
逆变器，将去除了所述脉动成分的所述直流电力转换成交流电力并输出到所述变压器；
所述二次电路具有整流器，所述整流器将经所述变压器变压的所述交流电力转换成所述直流电力并输出到所述第一电容器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电力转换装置，其特征在于，
所述整流器与所述第一电容器之间的电阻比所述电阻器的电阻小。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的电力转换装置，其特征在于，
所述二次电路进一步具有第二逆变器，所述第二逆变器将所述整流器输出的直流电力转换成频率比所述逆变器输出的所述交流电力的频率低的交流电力。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电力转换装置，其特征在于，
所述变压器具有：
一次线圈，与所述一次电路连接；
二次线圈，与所述二次电路连接，从所述一次线圈接受交流电力；以及
三次线圈，与所述一次线圈以及所述二次线圈电绝缘，从所述一次线圈接受交流电力；
并进一步具备三次电路，所述三次电路具有：第二整流器，将所述三次线圈接受的所述交流电力转换成直流电力并输出到负载；以及第三电容器，从所述第二整流器输出的所述直流电力中去除脉动成分。
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