CN104718835A - Method for assisting in ecological restoration of tailings through alfalfa green manure and planting alfalfa - Google Patents
Method for assisting in ecological restoration of tailings through alfalfa green manure and planting alfalfa Download PDFInfo
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- CN104718835A CN104718835A CN201510081341.0A CN201510081341A CN104718835A CN 104718835 A CN104718835 A CN 104718835A CN 201510081341 A CN201510081341 A CN 201510081341A CN 104718835 A CN104718835 A CN 104718835A
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Abstract
A method for assisting in ecological restoration of tailings through alfalfa green manure and planting alfalfa includes the following restoration steps that the surface of the tailings is deep turned over and fine leveled; then fresh alfalfa is shorn into broken segments; the alfalfa broken segments and the tailings are fully mixed according to the weight proportion, and the alfalfa is planted on planting land. The specific using amount needs to be determined according to the characteristics of the tailings and a restoration target. The planting method includes the steps of seed processing, sowing, management and harvesting. 5-10 years after the alfalfa is planted, the whole alfalfa plants are recycled, then, a whole tailings surface layer is fully and evenly turned over, and ridges are reconstructed and furrows are ploughed. Plant growth can be promoted through the alfalfa green manure, the vegetation coverage of the surface layer of the tailings is improved, and air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution and the like caused by air blowing, rainfall and the like on the tailings are effectively prevented. The alfalfa green manure serves as substrate improvement materials to restore the ecological environment of the tailings, operability is high, ecological friendliness is achieved, restoration cost is low, and the method is an important measure for ecological restoration of the tailings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem and planting technology field, specifically the method for mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem and mine tailing after repair being planted alfalfa assisted by a kind of alfalfa green manure that utilizes.
Background technology
Exploitation of mineral resources, while providing grand strategy resource for country, also result in the serious consequence of environmental pollution.According to statistics, exploiting 1 ton of metallic ore will have 0.9 ton of mine tailing to be formed, and mine tailing generation can account for 30% of industrial solid castoff generation total amount.Mine tailing is piled up the soil not only making Tailings Dam cover and is subject to heavy metal pollution, and mine tailing Chang Yifeng, water are that carrier constantly spreads, and enter organism by geochemistry chain, food chain, bring serious threat to the ecological safety of mining area and surrounding area thereof and social stability.
Mine tailing environment remediation and key technology research thereof, be not only the hot issue in current international resource and Environmental Studies field, is also the urgent task that current environment protection faces.At present, mine tailing administering method mainly contains mine tailing and returns well filling method, consolidation as methods such as construction material method, restorations of the ecosystem.Filling and concretion method, owing to there is the problems such as treating capacity is limited, difficult to mine tailing secondary utilization formation, cost is higher, can not improve the ecological environment, are difficult to extensive use.Mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem method is mainly improved the ecological environment by surface of tailings reservoir planting plants, has good ecological benefits and social benefit, and comparatively economical.But because mine tailing exists the plant growth limiting factors such as content of beary metal is too high, nutrient is barren, biological community structure is poor mostly, the field planting of plant nature is very difficult.Therefore, by human assistance measure, the plant of improving mine tailing fits natural disposition matter, and promoting plant fixing, and finally realize Sustainable Development of Ecosystem, is the important content of mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem.
Base material improvement is the important measures of auxiliary restoration of the ecosystem, and it mainly promotes plant fixing by the physical arrangement, fertility state etc. of improving mine tailing.Material for improveing mine tailing is extremely extensive, and earthing, chemical fertilizer, organic materials (stalk, rubbish, animal wastes, compost etc.) etc. are all used to the improvement of mine tailing.But some additional improved materials exists expensive, secondary pollution problems, be scarcely applicable to widespread adoption.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the many defects for prior art and mine tailing problem of environmental pollution, one is to provide one alfalfa green manure assists mine tailing ecological restoring method, and two is use pale reddish brown lucerne again
Mu green manure assists mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem to plant the method for alfalfa on the ground.The method utilizes alfalfa green manure to carry out restoration of the ecosystem to mine tailing, improves mine tailing ecotope, promotes plant fixing, reduces mine tailing surface earth's surface runoff pollution and dust pollution, effectively improves the look and image of mine tailing periphery.
Realize foregoing invention object by the following technical solutions:
Utilize alfalfa green manure to assist a method for mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
That a. mine tailing surface is carried out 25 ~ 35 cm degree of depth turns over meticulous smooth;
B. broken section that then will grow to the high fresh alfalfa of 30 ~ 40 cm and shred to 3 ~ 5 cm;
C. broken for alfalfa section is fully mixed according to part by weight with mine tailing, become planting site;
D. on planting site, alfalfa is planted.
Preferably, the amount of application that alfalfa is broken section, according to the weight ratio 1% ~ 5% of alfalfa dry weight/mine tailing air dry weight, fully mixes with mine tailing, becomes planting site.
Preferably, alfalfa green manure method of application for singly to execute or with other fertilizer or modifying agent compounding application.
Preferably, other described fertilizer is fertilizer.
Preferably, described modifying agent is stalk, mud.
Assist mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem to plant a method for alfalfa on the ground at alfalfa green manure, the implantation methods of alfalfa comprises the steps:
A. seed treatment:
Need to bask seeds 2 ~ 3 days before alfalfa seed sowing, with breaking dormancy, improve germination rate;
By seed seed disinfectant sterilization, seed soaking, vernalization;
B. sow: the seeding method of alfalfa is drilling, first to mine tailing carry out the 30 cm degree of depth turn over meticulous smooth after, by fabric width 1 m ridging, distance between the ridges about 0.3 ~ 0.5 m, high 8 ~ 10 cm in ridge are that 0.3 m draws seed furrow by line-spacing after face, ridge is smooth, sowing furrow width 0.1 about m, seeding quantity is every mu of 1 ~ 1.5 kg, seed level 5 cm, after planting earthing 1 ~ 2 cm, then suppress in time according to soil moisture content, be beneficial to seed fully contact with soil, water suction is germinateed;
C. manage: do not need human intervention during Growth of Alfalfa, poor growth between Seedling Stage, need and cut weeds;
D. gather in: first batch of Growth of Alfalfa 55 ~ 65 days, during to 30 ~ 40 cm height, regular toothing harvesting acrial part, harvesting in a year 2 ~ 4 times, harvested alfalfa turns over as green manure mine tailing between ridge of nuzzling;
E. Alfalfa Growing is after 5 ~ 10 years, and whole strain is reclaimed, then turns over sufficiently uniformly to whole mine tailing top layer, and then ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by method in step b again ridging.
Preferably, gather in alfalfa and need toothing 4 ~ 6cm.
The present invention utilizes alfalfa green manure to carry out mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem, and alfalfa green manure had both overcome the shortcoming of secondary pollution, is again good natural organic fertilizer.Alfalfa green manure is also behind field, mineralising is decomposed under the effect of edaphon, for soil provides abundant nutrient, comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrient element, alfalfa green manure is also for soil provides a large amount of, fresh organic substance simultaneously, there is provided cementing agent for soil granular is formed, topsoil physical arrangement is improved, effectively improves soil fertility.The present invention take alfalfa as green manure, and its significant effect is:
1. preventing pollution diffusion: using alfalfa green manure has by Promoting plant growth, improves mine tailing top layer vegetation coverage, effectively can prevent air pollution, land pollution, water pollutions etc. that CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND produces through wind, precipitation etc.
2. feasibility is strong: green manure can constantly oneself's benign cycle, have do not produce secondary pollution, improve mine tailing granular structure, the feature such as workable, economically feasible.
3. provided by the present inventionly utilize alfalfa green manure to carry out mine tailing ecological restoring method to can be applicable to all kinds of metal tailings.Alfalfa green manure method of application can singly be executed, or with other fertilizer or modifying agent compounding application; Amount of application and time of application can be grasped as the case may be flexibly.
4. alfalfa
(Medicago satival.) be perennial leguminous herbaceous plant, well developed root system, plant is tall and big, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, has stronger cold-resistant, drought resisting and regeneration capacity.The nutritive value of alfalfa is very high, in dry matter, crude protein content is up to 15.0 ~ 26.2%, amino acid, vitamin and mineral element kind is many, content is high, be not only high quality forage, and having very strong nitrogen fixing capacity, plantation alfalfa can effectively increase agricultural land soil nitrogen content, also can improve soil structure, culture fertility, and do not cause secondary pollution.Therefore, it can be used as base material improvement material to repair mine tailing ecotope, have workable, ecological friendly, significantly reduce the features such as rehabilitation expense, the potential important measures of mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem may be become.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
embodiment 1:alfalfa green manure is utilized to assist the method for mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem
Concrete steps are:
That a. the 30 cm degree of depth are carried out on mine tailing surface turns over meticulous smooth;
B. broken section that then will grow to the high fresh alfalfa of 30 ~ 40 cm and shred to 3 ~ 5 cm;
C. the amount of application of broken section of alfalfa is according to the weight ratio 1% ~ 5% of alfalfa dry weight/mine tailing air dry weight, fully mixes, become planting site with mine tailing.
Alfalfa green manure method of application for singly to execute or with other fertilizer or modifying agent compounding application.Other fertilizer is fertilizer.Modifying agent is city excess sludge.
Planting site plants alfalfa, and implantation methods comprises the steps:
A. seed treatment:
Need to bask seeds 2 ~ 3 days before alfalfa seed sowing, with breaking dormancy, improve germination rate;
By seed seed disinfectant sterilization, seed soaking, vernalization, amount to 2 days;
B. sow: the seeding method of alfalfa is drilling, first to mine tailing carry out the 30 cm degree of depth turn over meticulous smooth after, by fabric width 1 m ridging, distance between the ridges about 0.3 ~ 0.5 m, high 8 ~ 10 cm in ridge are that 0.3 m draws seed furrow by line-spacing after face, ridge is smooth, sowing furrow width 0.1 about m, seeding quantity is every mu of 1 ~ 1.5 kg, seed level 5 cm, after planting earthing 1 ~ 2 cm, then suppress in time according to soil moisture content, be beneficial to seed fully contact with soil, water suction is germinateed;
C. manage: do not need human intervention during Growth of Alfalfa, poor growth between Seedling Stage, need cut weeds in time;
D. gather in: first batch of Growth of Alfalfa 60 days, during to 30 ~ 40 cm height, regular toothing 4-6cm. gathers in acrial part, harvesting in a year 2 ~ 4 times, and harvested alfalfa turns over as green manure mine tailing between ridge of nuzzling;
E. Alfalfa Growing is after 5 ~ 10 years, and whole strain is reclaimed, then turns over sufficiently uniformly to whole mine tailing top layer, and then ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by method in step b again ridging.
embodiment 2:the method that Pb-Zn tailings repaired by green manure is done by alfalfa
That a. Pb-Zn tailings surface is carried out the 30 cm degree of depth turns over meticulous smooth for planting site;
B. shred fully mix growing to the high fresh alfalfa of 30 ~ 40 cm with mine tailing after broken section of about 3 cm.
C. alfalfa is according to the weight ratio of alfalfa dry weight/mine tailing dry weight, and amount of application is 1%, 2% and 4%.After using 60 days, analyze the physical and chemical properties change of mine tailing.
Result of the test is mainly:
1) available nitrogen and the phosphorus nutrient situation that alfalfa green manure significantly improves Pb-Zn tailings is applied.Alfalfa green manure applied amount is that in the process of 1%, 2% and 4%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 3.9,3.3 and 4.9 times of contrast respectively, and available phosphorus contents is 1.5,1.2 and 5.1 times of contrast respectively.
2) apply alfalfa green manure and can reduce by 1 mol/L NH in Pb-Zn tailings
3nO
4extract the biological effectiveness of state lead, zinc and cadmium.Concrete numerical value sees the following form:
embodiment 3:the Pb-Zn tailings repaired is planted the method for alfalfa
A. seed treatment:
Need to bask seeds 3 days before alfalfa seed sowing, with breaking dormancy, improve germination rate;
By seed seed disinfectant sterilization, seed soaking, vernalization, amount to 2 days.
B. sow: the seeding method of alfalfa is drilling, first to mine tailing carry out the 30 cm degree of depth turn over meticulous smooth after, by fabric width 1 m ridging, distance between the ridges about 0.3 ~ 0.5 m, high 8 ~ 10 cm in ridge are that 0.3 m draws seed furrow by line-spacing after face, ridge is smooth, sowing furrow width 0.1 about m, seeding quantity is every mu of 1 ~ 1.5 kg, seed level 5 cm, after planting earthing 1 ~ 2 cm, then suppress in time according to soil moisture content, be beneficial to seed fully contact with soil, water suction is germinateed.
C. manage: do not need human intervention during Growth of Alfalfa, during Growth of Alfalfa, do not need human intervention, but poor growth between Seedling Stage, if weed growth is excessively prosperous, should be noted and cut weeds.
D. gather in: toothing gathers in (generally to need about 60 days) during first batch of Growth of Alfalfa to 30 ~ 40 cm height, within 1 year, can gather in 2 ~ 4 times.Alfalfa toothing 5 about cm, harvested alfalfa turns over as green manure mine tailing between ridge of nuzzling.
E. Alfalfa Growing is after 5 ~ 7 years, and whole strain is reclaimed, then turns over sufficiently uniformly to whole mine tailing top layer, the degree of depth about 30 cm.And then plough the first furrow as a guideline by the method in step b again ridging.
Protection scope of the present invention does not limit to the above, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, and can be easier to the change expected or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. utilize alfalfa green manure to assist a method for mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
That mine tailing surface is carried out 25 ~ 35 cm degree of depth turns over meticulous smooth;
Then broken section that will grow to the high fresh alfalfa of 30 ~ 40 cm and shred to 3 ~ 5 cm;
Broken for alfalfa section is fully mixed according to part by weight with mine tailing, becomes planting site;
Planting site plants alfalfa.
2. the method utilizing alfalfa green manure to assist mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem according to claim 1, the amount of application that alfalfa is broken section, according to the weight ratio 1% ~ 5% of alfalfa dry weight/mine tailing air dry weight, fully mixes with mine tailing, becomes planting site.
3. utilize alfalfa green manure to assist the method for mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, alfalfa green manure method of application for singly to execute or with other fertilizer or modifying agent compounding application.
4. utilize alfalfa green manure to assist the method for mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, other described fertilizer is fertilizer.
5. utilize alfalfa green manure to assist the method for mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described modifying agent is mud, stalk.
6. assist mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem to plant a method for alfalfa on the ground at alfalfa green manure, it is characterized in that, the implantation methods of alfalfa comprises the steps:
A. seed treatment:
Need to bask seeds 2 ~ 3 days before alfalfa seed sowing, with breaking dormancy, improve germination rate;
By seed seed disinfectant sterilization, seed soaking, vernalization;
B. sow: the seeding method of alfalfa is drilling, first to mine tailing carry out the 30 cm degree of depth turn over meticulous smooth after, by fabric width 1 m ridging, distance between the ridges about 0.3 ~ 0.5 m, high 8 ~ 10 cm in ridge are that 0.3 m draws seed furrow by line-spacing after face, ridge is smooth, sowing furrow width 0.1 about m, seeding quantity is every mu of 1 ~ 1.5 kg, seed level 5 cm, after planting earthing 1 ~ 2 cm, then suppress in time according to soil moisture content, be beneficial to seed fully contact with soil, water suction is germinateed;
C. manage: do not need human intervention during Growth of Alfalfa, poor growth between Seedling Stage, need and cut weeds;
D. gather in: first batch of Growth of Alfalfa 55-65 days, during to 30 ~ 40 cm height, regular toothing harvesting acrial part, harvesting in a year 2 ~ 4 times, harvested alfalfa turns over as green manure mine tailing between ridge of nuzzling;
E., after Alfalfa Growing 5-10, whole strain is reclaimed, then turns over sufficiently uniformly to whole mine tailing top layer, and then ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by method in step b again ridging.
7. method of assisting plantation alfalfa in mine tailing restoration of the ecosystem ground at alfalfa green manure according to claim 6, is characterized in that, harvesting alfalfa needs toothing 4-6cm.
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| CN105103701A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-02 | 谢庭生 | Method for interplanting alfalfa in southern rice-cotton rotation land to increase soil fertility |
| RU2631033C2 (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2017-09-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Карельская государственная сельскохозяйственная опытная станция" | Method for obtaining bioorganic fertiliser based on peat |
| CN107548599A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-01-09 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of lime stone mining area ecological restoring method |
| CN107926502A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-20 | 中冶沈勘秦皇岛工程设计研究总院有限公司 | The dust-proof method of Tailings Dam |
| CN108901559A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of coal field vegetation repair method |
| CN109056638A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of assembly type ecological intercepting facility and application method towards slope garden pollution of area source emission reduction |
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