CN107530837A - 涂药和涂药焊条 - Google Patents

涂药和涂药焊条 Download PDF

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CN107530837A
CN107530837A CN201680021489.8A CN201680021489A CN107530837A CN 107530837 A CN107530837 A CN 107530837A CN 201680021489 A CN201680021489 A CN 201680021489A CN 107530837 A CN107530837 A CN 107530837A
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mass
coating
coated electrode
welding
metal
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宫田实
铃木励
铃木励一
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Abstract

提供一种在附加焊接中,可以使焊接部的疲劳强度提高,并且Cr含量低的涂药和涂药焊条。使用于涂药焊条的涂药为如下组成:在涂药总质量中,含有金属碳酸盐(CO2换算):35~55质量%,金属氟化物(F换算值):10~30质量%,Mn:8.5~20质量%和Ni:7.5~20质量%之中至少一者。另外,用该涂药被覆铁系焊芯来作为涂药焊条。

Description

涂药和涂药焊条
技术领域
本发明涉及用于涂药焊条的涂药和由该涂药被覆铁系焊芯的涂药焊条。更详细地说,是涉及用于向主焊接的焊接金属缝边部进行附加焊接的焊条用涂药和涂药焊条。
背景技术
在钢结构物中,以提高焊接接头的疲劳强度和/或降低残余应力等为目的,会在主焊接的焊接缝边部形成附加焊道。用于形成这样的附加焊道的焊接(附加焊接)所用的焊接材料,一般使用的是与主焊接具有不同组成的材料(例如,参照专利文献1。)。在专利文献1中,提出有一种附加焊接用焊接材料,其通过成为含有C:0.20%以下、Cr:5.0~18.0%、Ni:3.0~15.0%,余量由Fe和不可避免的杂质构成的组成,从而设法提高焊接接头的抗应力腐蚀开裂。
另外,以提高焊接部的疲劳强度为目的,还提出有一种药芯焊丝,其是使焊剂中特定量含有TiO2、SiO2和Al2O3,并且以焊丝整体计,作为C:0.01~0.06质量%、Si:0.3~1.8质量%、Mn:0.7~2.7质量%、Cr:15~17质量%、Ni:9~11质量%的药芯焊丝(专利文献2)。另一方面,作为涂药焊条,历来使用的是以由金属碳酸盐、CaF2、TiO2、ZrO2、SiO2、Al2O3、C、Si、Mn、Ni、Cr和Mo等构成的涂药,被覆钢焊芯的低氢系涂药焊条(参照专利文献3)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2004-42133号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2002-307189号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2010-110817号公报
前述现有的焊接材料作为必须成分大量含有Cr。若使用这些焊接材料进行附加焊接,则虽然焊接部的疲劳强度提高,但Cr使焊接金属的抗高温裂纹性劣化,因此实用上不能使用。另外,由于Cr高价,所以大量含有Cr的这些焊接材料成本变高,要求廉价的附加焊接用焊接材料。
发明内容
因此,本发明其主要目的在于,提供一种在附加焊接中,可以使焊接部的疲劳强度提高,且Cr含量低的涂药和涂药焊条。
本发明的涂药,是用于涂药焊条的涂药,以涂药总质量计,含有如下:金属碳酸盐:以根据CO2量的换算值计为35~55质量%;金属氟化物:以根据F量的换算值计为10~30质量%;Mn:8.5~20质量%和Ni:7.5~20质量%之中的至少一者。
本发明的涂药在涂药总质量中,Mn和Ni的总含量,例如能够为35质量%以下。
本发明的涂药在涂药总质量中,也可以再含有Si:5质量%以下。
本发明的涂药在涂药总质量中,也可以再含有Mg:0.5~3.0质量%。
本发明的涂药在涂药总质量,也可以再含有Ti氧化物:根据Ti量的换算值计1.0~3.5质量%。
本发明的涂药在涂药总质量中,也可以再含有SiO2:0.5~10质量%。
另一方面,在所述金属碳酸盐中,能够使用例如碳酸钙和碳酸钡中的任意一者或两者。
另外,在所述金属氟化物中,能够使用例如氟化钙和氟化钡中的任意一者或两者。
本发明的涂药焊条,是由前述涂药被覆铁系焊芯的焊条。本发明的涂药焊条,能够使所述涂药的被覆率以焊条总质量计为20~45质量%。
另外,本发明的涂药焊条,以焊条总质量计,也可以含有从Cr:0.1~1.5质量%、Mo:0.1~1.5质量%、W:0.1~1.0质量%、Nb:0.01~0.5质量%、V:0.01~0.5质量%、B:0.001~0.3质量%、P:0.001~0.03质量%、和S:0.001~0.03质量%所构成的群中选择的至少一种元素。
另外,也能够以软钢形成所述铁系焊芯。
根据本发明,因为积极地添加Mn和/或Ni,所以即使是低Cr含量,在附加焊接中也能够使焊接部的疲劳强度提高。
附图说明
图1是表示在实验例中使用的双侧角焊缝接头的立体图。
图2是表示疲劳试验的方法的侧视图。
具体实施方式
以下,就用于实施本发明的方式详细地加以说明。还有,本发明不受以下说明的实施方式限定。
(涂药焊条)
本发明的实施方式的涂药焊条,是以涂药被覆作为芯材的铁系焊芯而成的。该涂药中至少含有如下:以根据CO2量的换算值计,金属碳酸盐35~55质量%;以根据F量的换算值计,金属氟化物10~30质量%;Mn:8.5~20质量%和Ni:7.5~20质量%之中的任意一者或两者。
(铁系焊芯)
铁系焊芯的种类,能够根据母材和焊接条件等适宜选择,例如焊接抗拉强度为550MPa以上的高张力钢时,从制造面和成本面考虑,优选使用软钢焊芯。作为本实施方式的涂药焊条使用的软钢焊芯的具体例,可列举JIS G 3503:2006所规定的SWRY 11等。
(相对于焊条总质量的涂药的被覆率:20~45质量%)
涂药焊条的涂药的被覆率(%),根据(涂药的质量/焊条总质量)×100计算。若被覆率低于20质量%,则保护不足,焊接金属中的N量和氢量增加,焊接金属的韧性和抗裂纹性降低。另一方面,若被覆率高于45质量%,则电弧变得不稳定,焊道形状不良。因此,在本实施方式的低氢系涂药焊条中,优选涂药的被覆率为20~45质量%。
(涂药)
接着,对于本实施方式的涂药焊条的涂药的成分限定理由进行说明。还有,以下所示的各成分的含量,是涂药总质量中的含量。
[金属碳酸盐:以根据CO2量的换算值计为35~55质量%]
金属碳酸盐具有的效果是,在电弧中分解而生成CO2气体,利用该CO2气体,保护焊接金属而避免接触大气,抑制气孔缺陷的发生,并且使电弧稳定性提高。但是,涂药的金属碳酸盐的含量低于35质量%时,无法充分取得这些效果。另一方面,若金属碳酸盐的含量高于55质量%,则电弧不稳定,飞溅发生量增加。因此,涂药的金属碳酸盐的含量为35~55质量%。还有,这里所说的金属碳酸盐的含量,是根据CO2量的换算值,在以下的说明中也同样。
在此,用于本实施方式的涂药的金属碳酸盐,从制造成本的观点出发,优选碳酸钙(CaCO3)和碳酸钡(BaCO3)。此碳酸钙和碳酸钡,可以分别单独使用,但也可以将其组合使用,另外,也能够与其他的金属碳酸盐并用。还有,使用多个金属碳酸盐时,使其总含量处于35~55质量%的范围内。
[金属氟化物:以根据F量的换算值计为10~30质量%]
金属氟化物具有的效果是,降低熔渣的熔点,使流动性提高,使焊道形状良好。另外,若添加金属氟化物,则分解的氟与熔融金属和/或熔融渣中的氢反应,能够降低熔融金属中的氢分压,因此也能够使焊接金属低氢化。但是,涂药的金属氟化物的含量低于10质量%时,无法充分取得前述的效果。另一方面,若金属氟化物的含量高于30质量%,则电弧不稳定,飞溅发生量增加。因此,涂药的金属氟化物的含量为10~30质量%。还有,这里所说的金属氟化物的含量,是根据F量的换算值,在以下的说明中也同样。
在此,用于本实施方式的涂药的金属氟化物,从制造成本的观点出发,优选氟化钙(CaF2)和氟化钡(BaF2)。此氟化钙和氟化钡可以分别单独使用,但也可以将其组合使用,另外,也能够与其他的金属氟化物并用。还有,使用多个金属氟化物时,使其总含量处于10~30质量%的范围内。
[Mn:8.5~20质量%和Ni:7.5~20质量%之中的至少一者]
Mn和Ni是本发明的涂药的主要元素,具有使焊接部的疲劳强度提高的效果。但是,Mn含量低于8.5质量%时,并且,Ni含量低于7.5质量%时,得不到前述的使焊接部的疲劳强度提高的效果。另外,若Mn含量高于20质量%或Ni含量高于20质量%,则焊接金属发生热裂纹。因此,涂药中,在Mn:8.5~20质量%和Ni:7.5~20质量%的范围内添加Mn和Ni中的任意一者或两者。
还有,从提高抗高温裂纹性的观点出发,涂药中的Mn含量优选为,使上限值为15质量%以下,Ni含量也优选为15质量%以下。
另外,要求确保韧性时,Mn和Ni的总含量优选使上限值为35质量%以下,更优选为29质量%以下。
[Si:5质量%以下(含0质量%)]
Si是脱氧剂,具有减少焊接金属的氧量和提高强度的效果,因此能够根据需要添加。但是,若在涂药添加Si而高于5质量%,则所得到的焊接金属容易发生热裂纹。因此,在涂药中添加Si时,优选使其含量处于5质量%以下。
[Mg:0.5~3.0质量%]
Mg具有的效果是,添加焊接金属的氧量,使焊接金属的韧性提高,能够根据需要添加。但是,涂药的Mg含量低于0.5质量%时,无法充分取得使焊接金属的韧性提高的效果。另外,若在涂药中添加Mg而高于3.0质量%,则电弧不稳定,飞溅发生量增加。因此,涂药中添加Mg时,优选使其含量处于0.5~3.0质量%的范围。
[Ti氧化物:以根据Ti量的换算值计为1.0~3.5质量%]
TiO2作为造渣剂起作用,具有使焊道形状和外观提高的效果。但是,涂药中的Ti氧化物的含量低于1.0质量%时,无法充分取得前述的效果。另外,若在涂药添加Ti氧化物而高于3.5质量%,则焊接金属中的氧量增大,韧性劣化。因此,涂药中添加Ti氧化物时,优选使Ti氧化物的含量处于1.0~3.5质量%的范围。还有,使用多个Ti氧化物时,优选使总含量处于1.0~3.5质量%的范围内。还有,这里所说的Ti氧化物的含量,是根据Ti量的换算值,在以下的说明也同样。
[SiO2:0.5~10质量%]
SiO2作为造渣剂和/或粘合剂起作用,根据需要添加到涂药中。但是,涂药的SiO2低于0.5质量%时,无法充分取得前述的效果。另外,若在涂药中添加SiO2而高于10质量%,则熔渣成为玻璃状,熔渣剥离性劣化。因此,在涂药中添加SiO2时,优选使其含量处于0.5~10质量%的范围。
[余量]
本实施方式的涂药中,除了前述的各成分以外,也可以含有金属Ti化合物、Nb、V、B、Cr、Mo、W、Zr、K和Ca等。
(其他的焊条成分)
在本实施方式的涂药焊条中,也可以在焊条总质量中,含有从Cr:0.1~1.5质量%、Mo:0.1~1.5质量%、W:0.1~1.0质量%、Nb:0.01~0.5质量%、V:0.01~0.5质量%、B:0.001~0.3质量%、P:0.001~0.03质量%、和S:0.001~0.03质量%所构成的群中选择的至少一种元素。这些元素可以在涂药和芯材中的任意一者或两者中含有。
Cr、Mo、W、Nb、V、B、P和S是影响到焊接金属的强度和/或韧性的元素,通过在前述范围内添加,能够使焊接金属的机械的特性提高。另一方面,这些元素的添加量低于前述范围时,得不到此添加效果,另外,若高于前述的范围而添加,则焊接金属的强度过高,韧性劣化。
还有,本实施方式的涂药焊条的其他的成分,即,余量是Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本实施方式的涂药焊条与现有的涂药相比,增多了Mn和Ni的含量,由此即使以焊条总质量计,将Cr含量抑制0.1~1.5质量%,在主焊接部的缝边部进行附加焊接时,也能够使焊接部的疲劳强度提高。
实施例
以下,列举本发明的实验例,对于本发明的效果具体加以说明。图1是表示用于评价的双侧角焊缝接头的立体图。在本实验例中,使用下述表1所示的芯材No.A~C、和下述表2所示的涂药,制作各实验例的涂药焊条。这时,焊条的直径为3.2mm,涂药的被覆率,以焊条总质量计而处于35质量%的范围。还有,表1所示的芯材组成(质量%),是相对于芯材总质量的质量比例。而且,表2所示的涂药成分(质量%),是相对于涂药总质量的质量比例,焊条成分(质量%)是相对于焊条总质量的质量比例。
[表1]
接着,对于下述表3所示的组成的母材1、2,利用相当于JIS Z 3313:2009所规定的T 49J 0T1-0C A-U的药芯焊丝,作为保护气体使用CO2(100%),使焊接电流为280A,焊接速度为45cm/分钟,下焊脚尺寸为6mm而进行主焊接。其后,在主焊接的焊接金属3的母材1侧的焊接缝边部,使用实验例的各涂药焊条,使焊接电流为140A,焊接速度为20cm/分钟,下焊脚尺寸为10mm而进行附加焊接,制作图1所示的双侧角焊缝接头。还有,表3所示的母材组成(质量%),是相对于母材总质量的质量的比例。
[表3]
<疲劳试验>
图2是表示疲劳试验的方法的侧视图。疲劳强度是从图1所示的双侧角焊缝接头,切下图2所示的试验片10,进行局部脉动三点弯曲疲劳试验而加以评价。这时,使用株式会社テークスグループ制200kN疲劳试验机(PA24901),试验条件如下:环境温度:室温,母材1的焊接有母材2这一侧的支点11间的距离:150mm,以正弦波进行载荷控制,频率:15Hz,应力振幅300MPa,应力比:0.1(局部脉动)。还有,图2所示的箭头x表示载荷外加方向。
然后,反复次数达到50万次仍未断裂的评价为○(良好),反复次数达到50万次而断裂的评价为×(不合格)。
<抗高温裂纹性>
焊接金属的抗高温裂纹性,基于JIS Z 3155:1993,进行C型夹具拘束抗裂纹试验,据其结果进行评价。这时,使焊接电流为140A,焊接速度为15cm/分和30cm/分。而后,在焊接后,进行X射线透射试验,在哪种条件下都发生裂纹的评价为×(不合格),在任意一方的条件下发生裂纹的评价为△(合格),在任何条件下均未发生裂纹的评价为○(良好)。
<韧性>
韧性的评价,是测量全部熔敷金属的0℃摆锤冲击吸收能,47J以上评价为◎(优良),低于47J并在34J以上评价为○(良好),低于34J评价为×(不合格)。
以上的结果,汇总显示在下述表4中。
[表4]
如上述表4所示,No.16的涂药焊条,因为涂药总质量中的Mn含量和Ni含量均低于规定值,所以疲劳强度低,不合格。另一方面,No.17的涂药焊条,因为涂药总质量中的Mn含量高于20质量%,所以抗高温裂纹性差。No.18的涂药焊条,因为涂药总质量中的Ni含量高于20质量%,所以抗高温裂纹性差。No.19的涂药焊条,因为涂药总质量中的金属碳酸盐的含量低于35质量%,所以气孔缺陷发生。另一方面,No.20的涂药焊条,因为涂药总质量中的金属氟化物的含量低于10质量%,所以气孔缺陷发生。另外,No.21的涂药焊条,因为涂药总质量中的金属碳酸盐的含量高于55质量%,所以电弧变得不稳定。No.22的涂药焊条,因为涂药总质量中的Mg含量高于3质量%,所以电弧变得不稳定。No.23的涂药焊条,因为涂药总质量中的Mn含量和Ni含量均高于20质量%,除此之外,涂药总质量中的Mn和Ni的总含量也高于35质量%,因此抗高温裂纹性和韧性不合格。
相对于此,No.1~15的涂药焊条,疲劳强度、韧性和抗高温裂纹性均优异。
由以上的结果可确认,根据本发明,在附加焊接中,可以使焊接部的疲劳强度提高。
本发明的实施方式,能够采取以下这样的构成。
[1]一种涂药,是用于涂药焊条的涂药,其中,
在涂药总质量中,含有如下:
金属碳酸盐:以根据CO2量的换算值计为35~55质量%;
金属氟化物:以根据F量的换算值计为10~30质量%;
Mn:8.5~20质量%和Ni:7.5~20质量%之中的至少一者。
[2]根据[1]所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,Mn和Ni的总含量为35质量%以下。
[3]根据[1]或[2]所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,还含有Si:5质量%以下。
[4]根据[1]~[3]中任意一项所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,还含有Mg:0.5~3.0质量%。
[5]根据[1]~[4]中任意一项所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,还含有Ti氧化物:以根据Ti量的换算值计1.0~3.5质量%。
[6]根据[1]~[5]中任意一项所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,还含有SiO2:0.5~10质量%。
[7]根据[1]~[6]任意一项中所述的涂药,其中,所述金属碳酸盐是碳酸钙和碳酸钡中的任意一者或两者。
[8]根据[1]~[7]中任意一项所述的涂药,其中,所述金属氟化物是氟化钙和氟化钡中的任意一者或两者。
[9]一种涂药焊条,其由[1]~[8]中任一项所述的涂药被覆铁系焊芯而成。
[10]根据[9]所述的涂药焊条,其中,所述涂药的被覆率在焊条总质量中占20~45质量%。
[11]根据[9]或[10]所述的涂药焊条,其中,在焊条总质量中,含有从
Cr:0.1~1.5质量%、
Mo:0.1~1.5质量%、
W:0.1~1.0质量%、
Nb:0.01~0.5质量%、
V:0.01~0.5质量%、
B:0.001~0.3质量%、
P:0.001~0.03质量%、和
S:0.001~0.03质量%所构成的群中选择的至少一种元素。
[12]根据[9]~[11]中任一项所述的涂药焊条,所述铁系焊芯由软钢构成。
本申请伴随以申请日为2015年4月13日的日本国专利申请,专利申请第2015-081994号为基础申请的优先权主张,专利申请第2015-081994号由于参照而编入本说明书。
符号的说明
1、2 母材
3 主焊接的焊接金属
4 附加焊接的焊接金属
10 试料片
11 支点
x 载荷箭头方向

Claims (12)

1.一种涂药,是用于涂药焊条的涂药,其中,
在涂药总质量中,含有如下:
金属碳酸盐:以根据CO2量的换算值计为35~55质量%;
金属氟化物:以根据F量的换算值计为10~30质量%;
Mn:8.5~20质量%和Ni:7.5~20质量%之中的至少一者。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,Mn和Ni的总含量为35质量%以下。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,还含有Si:5质量%以下。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,还含有Mg:0.5~3.0质量%。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,还含有Ti氧化物:以根据Ti量的换算值计为1.0~3.5质量%。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂药,其中,在涂药总质量中,还含有SiO2:0.5~10质量%。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂药,其中,所述金属碳酸盐为碳酸钙和碳酸钡中的任意一者或两者。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂药,其中,所述金属氟化物是氟化钙和氟化钡中的任意一者或两者。
9.一种涂药焊条,其由权利要求1或2所述的涂药被覆铁系焊芯而成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的涂药焊条,其中,所述涂药的被覆率,在焊条总质量中占20~45质量%。
11.根据权利要求9所述的涂药焊条,其中,在焊条总质量中,含有从
Cr:0.1~1.5质量%、
Mo:0.1~1.5质量%、
W:0.1~1.0质量%、
Nb:0.01~0.5质量%、
V:0.01~0.5质量%、
B:0.001~0.3质量%、
P:0.001~0.03质量%、和
S:0.001~0.03质量%所构成的群中选择的至少一种元素。
12.根据权利要求9所述的涂药焊条,其中,所述铁系焊芯由软钢构成。
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JPH06262390A (ja) * 1993-03-12 1994-09-20 Nippon Steel Corp レールエンクローズアーク溶接用被覆アーク溶接棒
JPH08257791A (ja) * 1995-03-22 1996-10-08 Nippon Steel Corp 低水素系被覆アーク溶接棒
JPH10175094A (ja) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-30 Nippon Steel Corp 低温鋼用低水素系被覆アーク溶接棒および溶接方法
JP2014188540A (ja) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-06 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Welding Co Ltd 低水素系被覆アーク溶接棒

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EP3284557A1 (en) 2018-02-21
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