CN104160869A - Saline-alkali soil peanut high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil peanut high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut cultivation, in particular to a saline-alkali soil peanut high-yield cultivation method. The method includes the steps that deep ploughing and balanced fertilizing are conducted; pesticide seed dressing is conducted before seeding; ridging, film mulching and simple grain fine sowing are conducted; chemical control and leaf surface topdressing are conducted; pest control is conducted; optimum-period late harvesting is conducted. According to the saline-alkali soil peanut high-yield cultivation method, the soil environment of saline-alkali soil peanuts is improved, the stress resistance of the peanuts is increased, the rate of emergence is extremely obviously improved, the yield of pods is increased, and the quality of seed kernels is improved. Compared with a conventional saline-alkali soil peanut planting method, the single-plant peanut bearing number is increased by 8.5, the weight of per hundred of peanuts is increased by 35.6 g, the kernel production rate is increased by 5.6 percent, the yield of the pods can reach 403.4 kg/667 m<2>, the yield is increased by 44.74 percent, the seed kernel protein content is increased by 3.08 percent, the seed kernel fat content is increased by 3.62 percent, the oleic acid content is increased by 14.76 percent, and the specific value of the oleic acid or linoleic acid is increased by 17.09 percent.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to peanut cultivation technical field, particularly a kind of saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut.
background technology
Shandong peanut and grain, cotton strove particularly thorny in recent years.Approximately there are 3,000,000 mu of saline lands yellow Delta Region, if this part soil, for the production of peanut, will greatly improve the degree of self-sufficiency of China's vegetable edible oil.But saline land because soil salinity and alkalinity is higher, interchangeability calcium content and ferro element lower, cause the peanut underproduction and quality to decline.Peanut is happiness calcium crop, and in soil, interchangeability hypocalcia can have a strong impact on the growth of peanut pod, causes the underproduction.Meanwhile, as the core substance of calcium signal transduction pathway, it is one of its important function to the response of adverse circumstance that calcium participates in regulating plant.Therefore will realize the high yield of saline land peanut, the improvement of calcium nutrient environment is important technical measures.
summary of the invention
In order to solve the above problem yielding poorly existing in saline land plantation peanut, the invention provides a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut that can improve in saline land plantation peanut yield and quality.
The present invention is achieved by the following measures:
A kind of saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut, comprises the following steps:
(1) deep ploughing and balance fertilizing
Winter ploughing or spring ploughing 30 cm more than, deep ploughing before the every mu of chicken manure of executing to have become thoroughly decomposed 3000 kg, purity nitrogen 15 kg, pure phosphorus 15 kg, pure potassium 15 kg, superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50 kg and iron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, molydbenum fertilizer, boron fertilizer trace element fertilizer;
(2) before sowing, carry out dressing seed
Seed dressing used consists of: chitosan oligosaccharide 0.3%, marine algae extract 18%, palygorskite mineral matter 20%, the carbendazim 15% of humus 15%, 50% active constituent content, chlopyrifos 31.7%;
(3) ridging overlay film single grain fine sowing
Row spacing 80 cm, wide 30 cm of furrow, ridge face width 50 cm, high 12 cm in ridge, on ridge, plant 2 row peanuts, little line-spacing 25 cm on ridge, sowing limit, row distance ridge 12.5 cm, cave is apart from 12 cm, seed level 4 cm, every mu of sowing 14000 caves, 1 seed of every bunch planting, spray 50% Acetochlor weed killer herbicide 100 ml, the 50 kg liquids that add water in every mu, ridge face, immediately cladding thickness be 0.004 mm, wide be the mulch film of 900 mm or 1100 mm;
(4) change control and foliage spray
In the time that peanut stem height reaches 35 cm, every mu of use 5% paclobutrazol pulvis 40 g 40 kg that add water, spray at plant top, if still have excessive growth trend after meeting rain, can spray the compartment time 1 time again;
The full fruit phase sprays novel growth regulator, and described growth regulator consists of: chitosan oligosaccharide 5 g, marine algae extract 80 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 g, thiophanate methyl 70 g, sucrose 195 g, and every mu of consumption 500 g are watered 50 kg and carry out even foliage-spray;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest
To prevent ahead of time the occurrence and harm of leaf spot of peanut.Beginning from peanut, the flowers are in blossom begins, and with hundred bacterium of carbendazim or 75%, the 600 times of liquid of clever wetting powder that disappear, sprays blade face once, 3 left and right of continuous spraying every 15 days.If while finding the harm peanut leafs such as cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, cabbage caterpillar, should spray in time chlopyrifos or 1000 times of liquid of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or the good medicament of other effects.
(6) receive evening optimum period
When 80% above pod shell sclerosis, reticulate pattern is clear, and when shell inwall is blue or green brown plaque, results, airing, drop to pod water content below 10% as early as possible in time.
Described saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut, preferably fertilizing method increases the sowing amount of acid chicken manure, increases the amount of application of calcareous fertilisers and iron fertilizer.
Described saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut, preferably before sowing, salt is pressed in (at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April) fresh water flood irrigation, in the time that ground temperature is stabilized in more than 15 DEG C, is peanut suitable sowing date.
Described saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut, preferably selects the middle-late ripening variety that Salt And Alkali Tolerance and Comprehensive Traits are good, selects the seed of full seed, big or small uniformity, germination rate >=95%.
Described saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut, preferably seed dressing consumption is that every 10 kg seed dosages are 50 g, is watered and mixes rear and seed mixing.
Described saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut, preferably sowing specification is single grain fine sowing, every mu ensures 14000 of seeding quantitys.
Described saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut, preferably foliage spray started to spray once every 10 days from the full fruit phase, sprayed continuously 3 times.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Cultivation method of the present invention has improved the soil environment of saline land peanut, has increased peanut resistance, has improved extremely significantly emergence rate, has increased Pod Yield, has improved seed quality; Compared with the peanut general planting mode of saline land, this cultivation method makes per plant number increase by 8.5, and all kinds of fruits heavily increase by 35.6 g, and kernel percent increases by 5.6%, and Pod Yield can reach 403.4 kg/667 m
2, volume increase 44.74%. increases by 3.08 percentage points of seed benevolence protein contents, increases by 3.62 percentage points of seed benevolence fat contents, and oleic acid content increases by 14.76%, and oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio (O/L) improves 17.09%.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, further illustrate below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
embodiment:
(1) deep ploughing and balance fertilizing
The saline and alkaline peanut of Precision Seeding ground, must winter ploughing or more than spring ploughing 30 cm.Before deep ploughing, execute the acid fertilizers such as chicken manure, the every mu of chicken manure of executing to have become thoroughly decomposed 3000 kg, can effectively reduce the pH value of soil.When fertilising, must carry out according to purity nitrogen, pure phosphorus, pure potassic fertilizer scientific matching fertilization principle every mu of purity nitrogen 15 kg, pure phosphorus 15 kg, pure potassium 15 kg.Because saline land calcium deficiency is serious, every mu should increase trace element fertilizers such as using superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50 kg and appropriate iron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, molydbenum fertilizer, boron fertilizer;
Before sowing, press salt with fresh water flood irrigation, in the time that ground temperature is stabilized in more than 15 DEG C, be peanut suitable sowing date, yellow Delta Region suitable sowing date is at the beginning of 5 months.Carry out subsequently rotary tillage, dark, fertile, a loose peanut high yield soil body of training wound;
(2) elite seed and seed dressing
Select best in quality, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, yield potential is large and Comprehensive Traits is good middle-late ripening variety, the seed of selected full seed, high, the big or small uniformity of vigor, germination rate >=95%; Before sowing, carry out dressing seed, improve percentage of seedgermination, increase seedling Salt And Alkali Tolerance and resistant to diseases and insects, seed dressing component used is: chitosan oligosaccharide 0.3%, marine algae extract 18%, palygorskite mineral matter 20%, humus 15%, 50% carbendazim 15%, chlopyrifos 31.7%.Every 10 kg seed dosages are 50 g, are watered in right amount and mix rear and seed mixing;
(3) ridging overlay film single grain fine sowing
The suitable ridging plastic-film-covered cultivation of saline land high-yield peanut: row spacing 80 cm, wide 30 cm of furrow, ridge face width 50 cm, high 12 cm in ridge.On ridge, plant 2 row peanuts, little line-spacing 25 cm on ridge, sowing limit, row distance ridge 12.5 cm, cave is apart from 12 cm, seed level 4 cm, every mu of sowing 14000 caves, 1 seed of every bunch planting, spray 50% Acetochlor weed killer herbicide 100 ml, the 50 kg liquids that add water in every mu, ridge face, immediately cladding thickness be 0.004 mm, wide be the mulch film of 900 mm or (1100 mm);
(4) timelyization control and foliage spray
Precision Seeding Peanut Fields is because density is excessive, at a time when easy excessive growth in rainy season.In the time that peanut stem height reaches 35 cm, every mu of available 5% paclobutrazol pulvis 40 g 40 kg that add water, also can spray at plant top with uniconazole P, if while still having excessive growth trend, can even spray 2-3 time;
Saline land peanut is because iron deficiency there will be plant aetiolation, in time foliage-spray ferrous sulfate aqueous solution or mix other trace elements and use simultaneously.For preventing the early ageing of plant late growth stage, it is growth regulator dedicated that the full fruit phase should spray peanut.Conditioning agent component used is: chitosan oligosaccharide 5 g, marine algae extract 80 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 g, thiophanate methyl 70 g, sucrose 195 g.Every mu of consumption 500 g are watered 50kg and carry out even foliage-spray; Foliage spray started to spray once every 10 days from the full fruit phase, sprayed continuously 3 times;
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest
To prevent ahead of time the occurrence and harm of leaf spot of peanut.Beginning from peanut, the flowers are in blossom begins, and with hundred bacterium of carbendazim or 75%, the 600 times of liquid of clever wetting powder that disappear, sprays blade face once, 3 left and right of continuous spraying every 15 days.If while finding the harm peanut leafs such as cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, cabbage caterpillar, should spray in time chlopyrifos or 1000 times of liquid of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or the good medicament of other effects.
(6) receive evening optimum period
When 80% above pod shell sclerosis, reticulate pattern is clear, and when shell inwall is blue or green brown plaque, results, airing, drop to pod water content below 10% as early as possible in time.
Preferably select the middle-late ripening variety that Salt And Alkali Tolerance and Comprehensive Traits are good, select the seed of full seed, big or small uniformity, germination rate >=95%.
Preferably seed dressing consumption is that every 10 kg seed dosages are 50 g, is watered and mixes rear and seed mixing.
Other way to manages are with general high-yield field peanut.
Following comparative trial is carried out in plot in identical soil property.
comparative example 1:
Local conventional cultivation method, rotary tillage before sowing, fertilising, every mu with composite fertilizer 100 kg(N 15%, P
2o
515%, K
2o 15%).Common Imidacloprid dressing seed, ridging plastic-film-covered cultivation.Row spacing 85 cm, wide 30 cm of furrow, ridge face width 55 cm, high 10 cm in ridge, plant 2 row peanuts on ridge, little line-spacing 25 cm on ridge, sowing limit, row distance ridge 15 cm, 10000 left and right, caves, 2 seeds of every bunch planting, apart from 15 cm, are sowed for every mu in cave.Spray 50% Acetochlor weed killer herbicide 100 ml, the 50 kg liquids that add water in every mu, ridge face, immediately cladding thickness be 0.004 mm, wide be the mulch film of 1100 mm.After emerging, management is with general high-yield field, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.
comparative example 2:
Compared with the cultivation method of embodiment, just in step (1), have any different, do not execute the trace elements such as chicken manure, calcareous fertilisers, iron and boron, before sowing, do not carry out fresh water flood irrigation.
comparative example 3:
Compared with the cultivation method of embodiment, just in step (2), do not use this seed dressing to dress seed, and use common Imidacloprid dressing seed.
comparative example 4:
Compared with the cultivation method of embodiment, just embezzle the fruit phase in step (4) and do not use this growth regulator to carry out foliage-spray.
Each embodiment cultivation method peanut yield and qualitative data are as follows:
The emergence rate of peanut, output and yield component under table 1 different disposal
Peanut kernel protein, fat, oleic acid content and O/L value under table 2 different disposal
Cultivation method of the present invention, than conventional cultivation method, makes per plant number increase by 8.5, and all kinds of fruits heavily increase by 35.6 g, and kernel percent increases by 5.6%, and Pod Yield can reach 403.4 kg/667 m
2, volume increase 44.74%. increases by 3.08 percentage points of seed benevolence protein contents, increases by 3.62 percentage points of seed benevolence fat contents, and oleic acid content increases by 14.76%, and oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio (O/L) improves 17.09%.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not subject to the restriction of embodiment; other is any does not deviate from change, modification, the combination made under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, simplify and all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) deep ploughing and balance fertilizing
Winter ploughing or spring ploughing 30 cm more than, deep ploughing before the every mu of chicken manure of executing to have become thoroughly decomposed 3000 kg, purity nitrogen 15 kg, pure phosphorus 15 kg, pure potassium 15 kg, superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50 kg and iron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, molydbenum fertilizer, boron fertilizer trace element fertilizer;
(2) ridging overlay film single grain fine sowing
Row spacing 80 cm, wide 30 cm of furrow, ridge face width 50 cm, high 12 cm in ridge, on ridge, plant 2 row peanuts, little line-spacing 25 cm on ridge, sowing limit, row distance ridge 12.5 cm, cave is apart from 12 cm, seed level 4 cm, every mu of sowing 14000 caves, 1 seed of every bunch planting, spray 50% Acetochlor weed killer herbicide 100 ml, the 50 kg liquids that add water in every mu, ridge face, immediately cladding thickness be 0.004 mm, wide be the mulch film of 900 mm or 1100 mm;
(3) before sowing, carry out dressing seed
Seed dressing used consists of: chitosan oligosaccharide 0.3%, marine algae extract 18%, palygorskite mineral matter 20%, the carbendazim 15% of humus 15%, 50% active constituent content, chlopyrifos 31.7%;
(4) change control and foliage spray
In the time that peanut stem height reaches 35 cm, every mu of use 5% uniconazole P pulvis 40 g 40 kg that add water, spray at plant top;
The full fruit phase sprays growth regulator, and described growth regulator consists of: chitosan oligosaccharide 5 g, marine algae extract 80 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 g, thiophanate methyl 70 g, sucrose 195 g, and every mu of consumption 500 g are watered 50 kg and carry out even foliage-spray;
(5) carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest
(6) receive evening optimum period
When 80% above pod shell sclerosis, reticulate pattern is clear, when shell inwall is blue or green brown plaque, gathers in the crops, airing, and pod water content is dropped to below 10%.
2. saline land according to claim 1 high yield cultivation method of peanut, is characterized in that selecting Salt And Alkali Tolerance and the good middle-late ripening variety of Comprehensive Traits, selects the seed of full seed, big or small uniformity, germination rate >=95%.
3. saline land according to claim 1 and 2 high yield cultivation method of peanut, is characterized in that seed dressing consumption is that every 10 kg seed dosages are 50 g, is watered and mixes rear and seed mixing.
4. according to the saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that sowing front fresh water flood irrigation and press salt, in the time that ground temperature is stabilized in more than 15 DEG C, be peanut suitable sowing date.
5. according to the saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that in step (4) that growth regulator started to spray once every 10 days from the full fruit phase, sprayed 3 times continuously.
6. according to the saline land high yield cultivation method of peanut described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterized in that the occurrence and harm of prevention leaf spot of peanut in step (5), while finding cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, cabbage caterpillar harm peanut leaf, spray in time related agents.
7. saline land according to claim 6 high yield cultivation method of peanut, is characterized in that preventing hundred bacterium of leaf spot of peanut carbendazim or 75%, the 600 times of liquid of clever wetting powder that disappear, and sprays blade face once, continuous spraying 3 times every 15 days.
8. saline land according to claim 6 high yield cultivation method of peanut, while it is characterized in that finding cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, cabbage caterpillar harm peanut leaf, sprays chlopyrifos or 1000 times of liquid of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
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| CN107493900A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-12-22 | 永州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of big seed peanut high-yield planting method |
| CN107493899A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-12-22 | 永州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of small seed peanut high-yield planting method |
| CN107980525A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-05-04 | 威海市文登区种子管理站 | One cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method |
| CN107836314A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-03-27 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of Cultivation of High Yield Peanuts method for releasing continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN108029493A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-15 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Plant peanut and the method for improveing clay fertilizer situation in sandyization salt-soda soil |
| CN107950565A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-04-24 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of new pesticide combination |
| CN107950565B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2021-06-29 | 青岛农业大学 | Pesticide composition |
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| CN114902853A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2022-08-16 | 山东省花生研究所 | Fertilizing method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112913618A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 柳延涛 | Peanut cultivation method |
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