CN107041229A - A kind of orchard gently simplifies sward and covers careless method and supporting mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator - Google Patents
A kind of orchard gently simplifies sward and covers careless method and supporting mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator Download PDFInfo
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- CN107041229A CN107041229A CN201710348576.0A CN201710348576A CN107041229A CN 107041229 A CN107041229 A CN 107041229A CN 201710348576 A CN201710348576 A CN 201710348576A CN 107041229 A CN107041229 A CN 107041229A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
Gently simplify sward the invention discloses a kind of orchard and cover careless method, including：In the ranks mixed seeding sweet potato replaces sward with wild soybean, single fertilization, full garden and covers grass, updates the step such as multiple cropping in orchard.Supporting mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator, including frame and at least one ferti-seeding component present invention also offers one kind.The present invention is complementary with wild soybean breeding time using sweet potato, and sprawl growth, root system are shallow, biological nitrogen fixation ability is strong, water consumption is small, pest and disease damage is few, shade tolerant resistance to trample the advantages of, realizing orchard whole year, alternately sward covers careless light simplification, improves production efficiency and planting benefit.The Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator that mixes up of the invention solves the problem that sweet potato and wild soybean mix up Mechanization sowing, applied fertilizer, and realizes mixed seeding, the mechanization and integration of fertilising.
Description
Technical field
It is particularly a kind of to be based on sweet potato and wild soybean mixed seeding the present invention relates to green manure and forage crops production technical field
Orchard gently simplify sward cover careless method, the invention further relates to the Precision Seeding fertilizer machinery supporting with it.
Background technology
Current China orchard management system majority is continued to use traditional clear plough and made, it is desirable to be dug deeply after annual early winter defoliation of fruit trees
Plane is mended before once setting disk, or the germination of spring fruit tree one time.In whole Growth status season, hoe tree disk is repeatedly shoveled, to shovel hoe tree
Lower weeds, its major drawbacks：One is destruction soil texture, and topsoil temperature changing amplitude is big, severe water and soil erosion；Two be topsoil
Exposed, soil water evaporation amount is big, and water holding capacity is poor, soil moisture content reduction；Three be the soil organism can not be supplemented and
Make it serious deficient；Four be that the fruit tree that will be present in thin solum absorbs root system considerable damage, so that tree vigo(u)r is weak, disease pest
Evil is aggravated, and influences yield and quality.The orchard system of ploughing clearly is actually that one kind follows deep root from herbaceous agricultural cropping system degree
Property orchard fruit on the invalid or negative effect tillage method for running counter to the natural growth rhythm of fruit tree, that is, add the labour that orchard is hoed up weeds
With chemical fertilizer input, soil erosion, fertility have been ultimately resulted in again and has been declined, the yield and quality of fruit is have impact on.
Orchard ground cover covers a kind of important model that grass is fruit tree biological breeding, and its core is exactly to be given birth in production using orchard
The green covering of grass, increases the soil organism, protects water and soil, culture fertility, improves orchard environment, enhancing fruit tree Resistant
Evil and resistance, reduce chemical fertilizer application and agricultural chemicals input, produce high-quality green safety fruit.Orchard ground cover covers careless technology
It is fully established on fruit tree balance of nature rule, is basic using culture fertility, develops eco-agriculture, produce pollution-free food
Key measure.
Orchard ground cover there are certain requirements to the species of grass, and its main standard is that requirement is of short stem or overgrow, and no stem, blade covers
Cover degree is high, based on fibrous root, water consumption it is less；Strong adaptability, growth is rapid, and shade tolerant is resistance to trample on；With fruit tree without common pest and disease damage,
Natural enemy can be lured, breeding time is shorter.At present, the common grass seeds of orchard ground cover has Trifolium repense, clover, sweet potato, crowtoe, rattail fescue
Grass, rye grass, Festuca Arundinacea etc..Wherein with sweet potato, particularly villose vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) effect is optimal, is north
The leading grass seeds of square orchard ground cover.
(the denomination of invention of patent of invention 201310136175.0：Crop rotation method of fruit and grass) disclose a kind of summer fruit orchard
Careless alternating method, comprises the following steps：The seed of 7-9kg Vicia sativas is mixed and stirred for being formed uniformly with 2-3kg livestock bone ashes
Mixture；Uniformly sowed when the daily mean temperature of the mixture in the fall is down into less than 20 DEG C；Next year treats Vicia sativa shedding
And it is withered after Vicia sativa rattan be brought under every plant of fruit plant form multiple sweet potato haystacks；By 3-5kg ferment bacteriums qucik-acting agent and water
And the Vicia sativa rattan mixing in sweet potato haystack, the Vicia sativa rattan in sweet potato haystack is become thoroughly decomposed.Fruit picking and when starting fallen leaves, then broadcasts
Vicia sativa is planted, the careless crop rotation of fruit is realized.Patent of invention 201510702958.X (denominations of invention：A kind of orchard soil ecomanagement side
Method) a kind of orchard soil ecomanagement method is disclosed, the grown on soil green manure in orchard in the ranks soil and orchard row；September
The middle ten days to mid-October removes the weeds on soil, using villose vetch as Green manuring in the row of orchard and orchard in the ranks, hair
The bunch planting line-spacing 40cm of leaf sweet potato, hill spacing 30m, every mu of 5500 caves, per cave 5-6, cave depth 1.5-2cm.Next year late March is to 4
Month the first tenday period of a month in orchard in the ranks soil and orchard row on the villose vetch of grown on soil 2000 times 4.5% of sprinkling one time it is efficient
The mixed liquor of cypermethrin and 2000 times of 25% d ichlorbenzuron 3, then gives free rein to growth, the grown on soil in the row of orchard
Every 1 year of villose vetch is a cycle, and the villose vetch of orchard in the ranks grown on soil every 3 years is a cycle, carries out soil
Plough deeply, villose vetch is then planted again, into next cycle.(the denomination of invention of patent of invention 201610005415.7：Orchard
Plant the culture fertility method of the wild pea of long pubescence) disclose a kind of the May 4th four or two of orchard planting hairy vetch (villose vetch) six
Individual one Labor-saving high-efficiency culture fertility method, comprises the following steps：(1) in orchard be colonized fruit tree sapling, spacing in the rows be 1.3-1.7m,
Line-spacing is 2.5-3.5m；(2) in the autumn then of the field planting, in the hairy vetch seed of sowing in the ranks of fruit tree sapling,
It is 0.4-0.6m that cave, which is sowed, with sowing the distance between cave, each sowing 5-6 seeds of bunch planting kind, is after planting covered on seed
Native and thickness of earth covering is 4-6mm；The Second Year of field planting and the later time it is annual apply 5-10 kilograms of urea in 7-8 months；The 8-9 months
Part, pull out pernicious ruderal；The pernicious ruderal is any one in artemisiifolia, three-coloured amaranth, lamb's-quarters, piemarker and humulus grass or appoints
Meaning combination；Late September, when ruderal length is to more than 30 centimetres, the cm of toothing 15 is cradled, then every mu of application 10-
15 kilograms of urea.
The plantation of sweet potato is nonoculture in current orchard ground cover pattern, has no the report that sweet potato mixes up, comprehensive analysis is existing
Sweet potato nonoculture technology, the outstanding problem existed is：(1) sweet potato natural withered death after June seed maturity, serves orchard
The effect of grass is covered, still, sweet potato plant is rotted in summer orchard and the sweet potato seedling that newly sprouts is smaller and can not be completely covered ground
Face, causes weed growth rapid, it is necessary to carry out weeding, and expense of manually mowing is too high, and weeding by machine's use cost is high, maintenance fiber crops
Tired, chemical weed control influence sweet potato emerges and nutrient quality.(2) sow link, such as sowing, earthing, apply seed manure or base manure during,
Excessive dependence is artificial, and mechanization degree is relatively low, and production cost is high, and benefit is low, and plantation enthusiasm is not high.Above-mentioned reason turns into fruit
Garden sward covers the major obstacle factor of careless Technique Popularizing.
The content of the invention
Gently simplify sward the invention provides a kind of orchard based on sweet potato and wild soybean mixed seeding and cover careless method and supporting
Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator, purpose is intended to make up the deficiency that existing orchard ground cover covers careless technology, and solution summer crop smothering is serious, mechanization degree
Low, recruitment is more, production cost is high, the low a series of problems of benefit.The present invention is complementary with wild soybean breeding time using sweet potato, and
Sprawl growth, root system are shallow, biological nitrogen fixation ability is strong, water consumption is small, pest and disease damage is few, shade tolerant resistance to trample the advantages of, realize that orchard is complete
Year, alternately sward covered careless light simplification, improved production efficiency.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：A kind of orchard gently simplifies sward and covers careless method, its
It is characterized in comprise the following steps：
(1) orchard inter-row green covering
Mid-September to mid-October is by sweet potato seed and wild soybean seed according to mass ratio 2-4:1 ratio is using broadcasting
Kind mechanical planting in the ranks, sows the line-spacing drillings, line-spacing 40-60cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 30kg/hm such as use in orchard2-90kg/
hm2, wild soybean sowing quantity 15kg/hm2-22.5kg/hm2, seed level 1cm-3cm；Reserved 0.5m-1m Qing Geng areas.
Further, one of for example following A-B of the scheme of orchard inter-row green covering preferably：
A.9 the middle of the month to mid-October by sweet potato seed and wild soybean seed according to mass ratio 2:1 ratio is using broadcasting
Planting with sowing machine in the ranks, sows the line-spacing drillings, line-spacing 40cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 30kg/hm such as use in orchard2, wild soybean use
Plant amount 15kg/hm2, seed level 2cm, reserved 0.5m Qing Geng areas.
The program is applied to young garden inter-row green covering.
B.9 the middle of the month to mid-October by sweet potato seed and wild soybean seed according to mass ratio 3:1 ratio is using broadcasting
Planting with sowing machine in the ranks, sows the line-spacing drillings, line-spacing 60cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 67.5kg/hm such as use in orchard2, wild soybean
Sowing quantity 22.5kg/hm2, seed level 2cm, reserved 1m Qing Geng areas.
The program is applied into age orchard inter-row green covering.
(2) single fertilization
Base manure is according to N 40kg/hm2-55kg/hm2And P2O5 120kg/hm2-165kg/hm2Effective dose apply, apply
Enter below seed, fertilization depth is 6cm-10cm；
(3) full garden alternating sward covers grass
In June, the 2nd sweet potato Fruit pod maturation explosion, seed trickles down orchard in the ranks, and sweet potato plant also withers naturally, realizes full garden
Grass is covered, then sweet potato seed is sprouted, grown；To wild soybean Fruit pod maturation explosion in October, seed trickles down orchard in the ranks, wild big
Beans plant also withers naturally, realizes that grass is covered in full garden, and then wild soybean seed is sprouted, grown；It is later annual to repeat said process
To renewal multiple cropping；
In said process, due to sweet potato and wild soybean alternating growth, it can effectively suppress weed growth, without weeding；Kind
Son trickles down orchard in the ranks naturally, it is not necessary to reseed；
Weeding is not needed generally, and such as malignant weed, which is concentrated, to be occurred, and can apply imidazolinone herbicide and hexamethylene
Ketene herbicide carries out chemical weed control.It is preferred that alloxydimsodium, butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, clefoxidim, sethoxydim, pyrrole
Mutter the careless ester of the imidazolinone herbicides such as humulone, tralkoxydim and miaow, Arsenal, imazamox, imazaquin, methyl
The cyclohexenone analog herbicides such as Imazethapyr, Imazethapyr carry out postemergence weed control.
(4) multiple cropping is updated
It is a renewal multiple cropping cycle per 5-7, carrying out soil in early or mid September then ploughs deeply, and then reseeds
Sweet potato and wild soybean.
The preferred biomass of sweet potato of the invention is big, the kind that cold hardiness is strong；The preferred biomass of wild soybean is big, crawling property is strong
Kind.
The preferred Instant chemical fertilizer of simple substance of base manure, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer of the present invention etc..
It is optional step in addition, the field management of fruit tree is depending on this season actually occurs situation, and it is normal with this area
It can be solved with technological means.
Present invention also offers it is a kind of with the above method is matching used mixes up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator, it can realize sweet potato and
Wild soybean is sowed, applied fertilizer simultaneously, earthing is in one.
One kind mixes up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator, including frame and at least one ferti-seeding component；
The frame includes trifilar suspension and rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame includes mixing up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator along described
Direct of travel the opposite direction first crossbeam and second cross beam that set gradually；
The ferti-seeding component include support frame, receptacle, fertilizer guiding tube, preceding seed-box, preceding grain conductor, rear seed-box,
Grain conductor, seed opener, applicator boot, speed changer, coverer and land wheel afterwards；The receptacle, preceding seed-box, rear kind
Sub- case, seed opener, applicator boot, speed changer, coverer and land wheel may be contained within support frame as described above；
Support frame as described above is arranged on the second cross beam, and the ferti-seeding component is arranged on institute by support frame as described above
State on second cross beam；And the receptacle, preceding seed-box, rear seed-box, speed changer, coverer and land wheel mix up essence described in
The opposite direction for broadcasting the direct of travel of fertilizer applicator is successively set on support frame as described above；
The lower wall exit of the receptacle is provided with fertilizer apparatus, and the lower wall exit of the preceding seed-box is provided with front row
Device is planted, the lower wall exit of the rear seed-box is provided with rear feed mechanism for seed；
The outlet of the upper end open of the fertilizer guiding tube and the fertilizer apparatus, the lower ending opening of the fertilizer guiding tube with it is described
Applicator boot enters the connection of fertile mouth, the upper end open of the preceding grain conductor and the outlet of the preceding feed mechanism for seed, it is described before
The lower ending opening of grain conductor is connected with the seed inlet of the seed opener, upper end open and the heel row of the rear grain conductor
The outlet of device is planted, the lower ending opening of the rear grain conductor is connected with the seed inlet of the seed opener；
The land wheel is connected by the input of driving chain and the speed changer, and the output end of the speed changer is led to
Cross driving chain to be connected with the rear feed mechanism for seed, the rear feed mechanism for seed is connected by driving chain with the preceding feed mechanism for seed transmission
Connect, the preceding feed mechanism for seed is connected with the fertilizer apparatus.
It is preferred that, support frame as described above is removable installed on the second cross beam to realize that the ferti-seeding component can
The horizontal direction for mixing up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator described in is moved, and the mobile range of the ferti-seeding component is 10cm-50cm.
It is preferred that, the drive input of the rear feed mechanism for seed is provided with flywheel-type speed changer, the flywheel-type speed changer bag
Several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size is included, the output end of the speed changer is passed by driving chain with the rear feed mechanism for seed
Flywheel-type variator connection on dynamic input；The drive input of the preceding feed mechanism for seed is provided with flywheel-type speed changer,
The flywheel-type speed changer includes flying on several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, the rear feed mechanism for seed drive input
Wheel transmission is connected by driving chain with the flywheel-type variator on the preceding feed mechanism for seed drive input；The row
The drive input of fertile device is provided with flywheel-type speed changer, and the flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters piece not of uniform size
Flywheel-type speed changer on shape sprocket wheel, the preceding feed mechanism for seed drive input is driven by driving chain and the fertilizer apparatus to be inputted
Flywheel-type variator connection on end.
It is preferred that, directly next to two ferti-seeding component transverse directions between spacing be 40cm-60cm.
It is preferred that, the land wheel is arranged on support frame as described above by apparatus capable of fluctuating.
It is preferred that, including frame and four ferti-seeding components；Four ferti-seeding components are uniformly distributed in described
On second cross beam.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) it is simple to operate, it is easy to promote
The present invention by sweet potato and wild soybean mixed seeding in orchard in the ranks, utilize sweet potato and wild soybean breeding time complementary (sweet potato
Sub annual June is withered, and wild soybean is withered annual October), and sprawl growth, root system are shallow, biological nitrogen fixation ability strong, water consumption
Measuring few, resistance to trample of shade tolerant of small, pest and disease damage etc. does not influence fruit tree growth and does not need the advantage of final-period management, realizes orchard whole year friendship
Grass is covered for sward.Orchard in the ranks sweet potato and wild soybean alternating growth, control weed growth, without carrying out weeding operation, " with
Grass controls grass " effect is clearly.After sweet potato withers with wild soybean, seed drops in the ranks, is sowed without next year, and sweet potato and open country
Raw soybean plant also withers naturally, realizes full garden and covers grass, without cradling.Compared with traditional clear garden system, it is to avoid Soil tillage
And weeding；Compared with existing sward covers careless technology, sowing, Cutting are reduced, orchard alternating sward is finally realized and covers grass
Light simplification.
(2) improved soil, effect is obvious
Orchard ground cover covers grass as a kind of excellent orchard soil management system, is improving orchard soil ecological environment, is carrying
There is important effect in terms of high fruit quality, for coordinating the relation between production of fruit trees and environment, high yield and high quality, ring is set up
There is particularly important application value in terms of the friendly orchard production system in border, the clean manufacturing of promotion fruits industry.With biography
Tong Qing garden systems are compared, present invention reduction soil soluble salt content 43.43%-48.91%, improve soil organic matter content
83.05%-92.03%, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content 63.86%-71.59%, available phosphorus contents 23.24%-26.99%, available potassium contain
21.77%-35.77% is measured, single fruit weight improves 19.76%；Compared with sweet potato nonoculture, present invention reduction soil soluble salt content
13.76%-20.16%, improve soil organic matter content 52.91%-56.77%, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content 20.31%-24.80%,
Available phosphorus contents 15.80%-16.97%, quick-acting potassium content 10.73%-16.20%, single fruit weight improve 11.95%.
(3) agricultural machinery agronomy is combined
Mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator present invention also offers a kind of and supporting implantation methods, it is possible to achieve different line spaces,
The seeding operation of different densities, solves sweet potato and wild soybean mixes up Mechanization sowing, the problem of fertilising, realizes mixing and broadcasts
The mechanization and integration planted, applied fertilizer.The present invention's mixes up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator using two grain conductors, it is possible to achieve two kinds of depth
Sowing；Using two seed-boxes, sowing ratio can be arbitrarily adjusted, seed is added at any time, and two kinds of seeds can be cleared up respectively, no
Impurity of seeds occurs, even if two kinds of seed granularities difference of sowing is larger, can also realize that once sowing is completed, and overcomes mesh
A preceding common Seeding box mixed seeding, seed is layered in seeding process because of vibrations, i.e., large seed is moved upwards, granule
The drawbacks of seed is moved downward.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ferti-seeding component provided in an embodiment of the present invention mixed up in Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator；
Fig. 2 is position of the four ferti-seeding components provided in an embodiment of the present invention mixed up in Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator in frame
Put relation schematic diagram (being only illustrated position relation, be not related to signal mechanical structure).
In figure：1 support frame, 2 land wheels, 3 speed changers, 6 receptacles, 7 fertilizer guiding tubes, 8 fertilizer apparatus, seed-box, 10 leading kinds before 9
Manage, feed mechanism for seed before 11, seed-box after 12, grain conductor after 13, feed mechanism for seed, 15 seed openers, 16 applicator boots after 14；
4 frames, 401 first crossbeams, 402 second cross beams, 405 trifilar suspensions；
5U shape hoops；
17 ferti-seeding components.
Embodiment
In order to illustrate the technical characterstic of the present invention, below by embodiment, and Figure of description is combined, to scheme
It is illustrated.
Mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator, including frame and at least one ferti-seeding component 17 this application provides one kind；
The frame 4 includes trifilar suspension 405 and rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame includes mixing up Precision Seeding along described and applying
First crossbeam 401 and second cross beam 402 that the opposite direction of the direct of travel of fertile machine is set gradually；
The ferti-seeding component 17 include support frame 1, receptacle 6, fertilizer guiding tube 7, preceding seed-box 9, preceding grain conductor 10, after
Seed-box 12, rear grain conductor 13, seed opener 15, applicator boot 16, speed changer 3, coverer and land wheel 2；The fertilizer
Hopper 6, preceding seed-box 9, rear seed-box 12, seed opener 15, applicator boot 16, speed changer 3, coverer and land wheel 2
It may be contained within support frame as described above 1；
Support frame as described above 1 is arranged on the second cross beam 402, and the ferti-seeding component 17 passes through support frame as described above 1
It is arranged on the second cross beam 402；And the receptacle 6, preceding seed-box 9, rear seed-box 12, speed changer 3, coverer and
Opposite direction of the land wheel 2 along the direct of travel for mixing up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator is successively set on support frame as described above 1；
The lower wall exit of the receptacle 6 is provided with fertilizer apparatus 8, and the lower wall exit of the preceding seed-box 9 is provided with
Preceding feed mechanism for seed 11, the lower wall exit of the rear seed-box 12 is provided with rear feed mechanism for seed 14；
The outlet of the upper end open of the fertilizer guiding tube 7 and the fertilizer apparatus 8, the lower ending opening of the fertilizer guiding tube 7 with
The fertile mouth that enters of the applicator boot 16 is connected, and the upper end open of the preceding grain conductor 10 and the outlet of the preceding feed mechanism for seed 11 connect
Logical, the lower ending opening of the preceding grain conductor 10 is connected with the seed inlet of the seed opener 15, the rear grain conductor 13 it is upper
The outlet of end opening and the rear feed mechanism for seed 14, lower ending opening and the seed opener 15 of the rear grain conductor 13
Seed inlet is connected；
The land wheel 2 is connected by the input of driving chain and the speed changer, the output end of the speed changer
It is connected by driving chain with the rear feed mechanism for seed 14, the rear feed mechanism for seed 14 passes through driving chain and the preceding feed mechanism for seed
11 drive connections, the preceding feed mechanism for seed 11 is connected with the fertilizer apparatus 8.
The present invention's mixes up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator, it is possible to achieve two kinds of vegetable seeds, and especially size differs larger two
That plants vegetable seeds mixes up sowing, fertilising and earthing in one, realizes the seeding operation of different line spaces, different densities,
Solve two kinds of vegetable seeds mix up mechanization and meanwhile sow, fertilising and earthing problem, realize mix up sowing, apply fertilizer
Mechanization and integration, convenient and practical beneficial to the popularization for mixing up cropping pattern, cost is low.
In one embodiment of the application, support frame as described above 1 is removable installed on the second cross beam 402 with reality
The existing ferti-seeding component 17 can be moved along the horizontal direction for mixing up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator, and the ferti-seeding component 17
Mobile range be 10cm-50cm；Ferti-seeding component 17 can be moved along the horizontal direction for mixing up precision seeder, realize row
Away from adjustable.It is preferred that, support frame as described above 1 is removable installed on the second cross beam 402 by u tie 5.
In one embodiment of the application, the drive input of the rear feed mechanism for seed 14 is provided with flywheel-type speed changer,
The flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, and the output end of the speed changer 3 passes through transmission
Chain is connected with the flywheel-type variator on the rear drive input of feed mechanism for seed 14；The transmission of the preceding feed mechanism for seed 11 is defeated
Enter end and be provided with flywheel-type speed changer, the flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, described
The flywheel-type speed changer on the drive input of feed mechanism for seed 14 passes through on driving chain and the preceding drive input of feed mechanism for seed 11 afterwards
Flywheel-type variator connection；The drive input of the fertilizer apparatus 8 is provided with flywheel-type speed changer, and the flywheel-type becomes
Fast device includes the flywheel-type speed changer on several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, the preceding drive input of feed mechanism for seed 11
It is connected by driving chain with the flywheel-type variator on the drive input of fertilizer apparatus 8；On the basis of speed changer 3
Increase flywheel-type speed changer, add the diversity of the actual seeding speed of rear feed mechanism for seed 14 and preceding feed mechanism for seed 11, add
The diversity of the big minor adjustment of planting density, adds the diversity of the actual fertilizer speed of fertilizer apparatus 8, adds fertilizer density big
The diversity of minor adjustment；Flywheel-type transmission-like is similar to the flywheel on bicycle rear.
In one embodiment of the application, directly next to two transverse directions of ferti-seeding component 17 between spacing be
40cm-60cm。
In one embodiment of the application, the land wheel 2 is arranged on support frame as described above 1 by apparatus capable of fluctuating, real
The seed level for having showed ferti-seeding component 17 is adjustable.
In one embodiment of the application, it is above-mentioned between make precision seeder including frame and four ferti-seeding components
17；Four ferti-seeding components 17 are uniformly distributed on the second cross beam.
Following embodiments mixes up precision seeder using above-mentioned.
A kind of orchard based on sweet potato and wild soybean mixed seeding of the present invention gently simplifies sward and covers careless pattern, including following step
Suddenly：
(1) orchard inter-row green covering
A.9 the middle of the month to mid-October by sweet potato seed and wild soybean seed according to mass ratio 2:1 ratio uses real
The precision seeder that mixes up for applying example 1 is sowed, the line-spacing drilling, line-spacing 40cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 30kg/hm such as sowing use2, it is wild
Soybean sowing quantity 15kg/hm2, seed level 2cm.Reserved 0.5m Qing Geng areas.
The program is applied to young garden inter-row green covering.
B.9 the middle of the month to mid-October by sweet potato seed and wild soybean seed according to mass ratio 3:1 ratio uses real
The precision seeder that mixes up for applying example 1 is sowed, the line-spacing drilling, line-spacing 60cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 67.5kg/hm such as sowing use2, it is wild
Raw soybean sowing quantity 22.5kg/hm2, seed level 2cm.Reserved 1m Qing Geng areas.
The program is applied into age orchard inter-row green covering.
(2) single fertilization
Base manure is according to N 40kg/hm2-55kg/hm2And P2O5 120kg/hm2-165kg/hm2Effective dose apply simple substance
Chemical fertilizer, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer etc., base manure are applied below seed with when mixing up precision seeder sowing, depth 8cm.
(3) full garden alternating sward covers grass
Annual June and October, sweet potato and wild soybean plant also wither naturally, and full garden can be achieved and covers grass, without cradling.And
Sweet potato and the maturation explosion of wild soybean Fruit pod, seed are unrestrained in the ranks, without reseeding.And sweet potato and wild soybean alternating growth
Period, it can effectively suppress weed growth, without weeding.
(4) multiple cropping is updated
It is a renewal multiple cropping cycle per 5-7, early or mid September carries out soil and ploughed deeply, and then reseeds sweet potato and open country
Raw soybean.
It is optional step in addition, the field management of fruit tree is depending on this season actually occurs situation, and it is normal with this area
It can be solved with technological means.
In order to verify specific application effect, the present invention has carried out following experiment respectively：
In specific process of the test, sweet potato kind be Shandong sweet potato 1 (Shandong Province's Germplasm Resources of Farm Crop seed selection feeding or
Green manure kind), wild soybean kind is that (Shandong Crop Germplasm Resource Center is from Kenli wild soybean population for the wild beans 1 in Shandong
The wild soybean kind of domestication).Mix up precision seeder and provide power by Dongfanghong 504 (group is dragged by China one).Fertilizer used is phosphorus
Sour two ammoniums (13-44-0, the production of Lu-Bei Enterprise Clique parent company of Shandong Province).Test period -2016 years 2014, test site mountain
Dong Sheng Guangrao County Guang Bei farms, salt-soda soil, total soil phosphorus 0.28%.
(1) embodiment 1
Test site is young garden, and plantation fruit tree is apple, and kind is Fuji apple, the age of tree 1 year, and September 20 is broadcast within 2014
Kind, sweet potato sowing quantity 30kg/hm2, wild soybean sowing quantity 15kg/hm2, line-spacing 40cm, seed level 2cm reserve the clear of 0.5m and ploughed
Area；Diammonium phosphate (DAP) consumption 280kg/hm2, seed level 8cm.First after on April 12nd, 2015, on October 17th, 2015, in May, 2016
4, at each random soil sampling 5,0cm-40cm determined soil soluble salt, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting after mixing
Potassium equal size, assay method reference《The Soil K+adsorptions of NY/T 1121》.
(2) embodiment 2
Test site is into age orchard, and plantation fruit tree is apple, and kind is Fuji apple, the age of tree 4 years, and September 20 is broadcast within 2014
Kind, sweet potato sowing quantity 67.5kg/hm2, wild soybean sowing quantity 22.5kg/hm2, line-spacing 60cm, seed level 2cm reserve the clear of 1m and ploughed
Area；Diammonium phosphate (DAP) consumption 350kg/hm2, seed level 8cm.First after on April 12nd, 2015, on October 17th, 2015, in May, 2016
4, at each random soil sampling 5,0cm-40cm determined soil soluble salt, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting after mixing
Potassium equal size, assay method reference《The Soil K+adsorptions of NY/T 1121》.On October 8th, 2015, randomly select 5 plants of fruit trees and determine flat
Equal single fruit weight.
(3) comparative example 1
Carried out simultaneously with ground with embodiment 1, using traditional clear garden system.
(4) comparative example 2
Carried out simultaneously with ground with embodiment 1, sweet potato nonoculture, experimental condition is with to embodiment 1.
(5) comparative example 3
Carried out simultaneously with ground with embodiment 2, using traditional clear garden system.
(6) comparative example 4
Carried out simultaneously with ground with embodiment 2, sweet potato nonoculture, experimental condition is with to embodiment 2.
Field experiment result is as shown in table 1-3：
The soil Main Nutrients of the embodiment of table 1. and clear garden system (comparative example 1 and comparative example 3) are contrasted
The soil Main Nutrients contrast of embodiment and the clear garden system of tradition (comparative example 1 and comparative example 3) is shown in Table 1, can be with from table 1
Find out：Compared with the comparative example 1 and comparative example 3 using the clear garden of tradition, the soil of Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention is solvable
Property salt content reduces 48.91% and 43.43% respectively, and soil organic matter content has been respectively increased 92.03% and 83.05%,
63.86% and 71.59% has been respectively increased in soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, and 23.24% He has been respectively increased in content of soil available phosphor
26.99%, 35.77% and 21.77% has been respectively increased in Soil Available potassium content.
The soil Main Nutrients of the embodiment of table 2. and sweet potato nonoculture (comparative example 2 and comparative example 4) are contrasted
The soil Main Nutrients contrast of embodiment and sweet potato nonoculture (comparative example 2 and comparative example 4) is shown in Table 2, can from table 2
Go out：Compared with the comparative example 2 and comparative example 4 using sweet potato nonoculture, the soil soluble salt of Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention
Content reduces 13.76% and 20.16% respectively, and 56.77% and 52.91%, soil has been respectively increased in soil organic matter content
20.31% and 24.80% has been respectively increased in alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, and 15.80% He has been respectively increased in content of soil available phosphor
16.97%, 16.20% and 10.73% has been respectively increased in Soil Available potassium content.
The embodiment 2 of table 3. is contrasted with comparative example 3, the mean fruit weight of comparative example 4
| Mean fruit weight g | Amplification % | |
| Embodiment 2 | 235.2 | / |
| Comparative example 3 | 196.4 | 19.76 |
| Comparative example 4 | 210.1 | 11.95 |
Embodiment 2 is shown in Table 2 with comparative example 2, the contrast of the mean fruit weight of comparative example 4, with the comparative example 3 using the clear garden of tradition
Compare, the mean fruit weight of the embodiment of the present invention 2 improves 19.76%；Compared with using the comparative example 4 of sweet potato nonoculture, this hair
The mean fruit weight of bright embodiment 2 improves 11.95%.
To sum up, compared to traditional clear garden system and sweet potato nonoculture, the present invention uses orchard sweet potato and wild soybean mixed seeding in the ranks
Mode, not only reduce the cost of Soil tillage and weeding.Improving orchard soil ecological environment simultaneously, improving fruit quality
In terms of there is important effect, for coordinating the relation between production of fruit trees and environment, set up high yield and high quality, environment-friendly fruit
There is particularly important application value in terms of garden production system, the clean manufacturing of promotion fruits industry.
Simply the preferred embodiment of the present invention described above, for those skilled in the art,
Without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also regarded as this hair
Bright protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of orchard, which gently simplifies sward, covers careless method, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
(1) orchard inter-row green covering
Mid-September to mid-October is by sweet potato seed and wild soybean seed according to mass ratio 2-4:1 ratio uses seeder
Tool is seeded in orchard in the ranks, the line-spacing drilling, line-spacing 40-60cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 30kg/hm such as sowing use2-90kg/hm2, it is wild
Raw soybean sowing quantity 15kg/hm2-22.5kg/hm2, seed level 1cm-3cm；Reserved 0.5m-1m Qing Geng areas；
(2) single fertilization
Base manure is according to N 40kg/hm2-55kg/hm2And P2O5 120kg/hm2-165kg/hm2Effective dose apply, apply kind
Sub- lower section, fertilization depth is 6cm-10cm；
(3) full garden alternating sward covers grass
In June, the 2nd sweet potato Fruit pod maturation explosion, seed trickles down orchard in the ranks, and sweet potato plant also withers naturally, realizes that full garden is covered
Grass, the then sprouting of sweet potato seed, growth；To wild soybean Fruit pod maturation explosion in October, seed trickles down orchard in the ranks, wild soybean
Plant also withers naturally, realizes that grass is covered in full garden, and then wild soybean seed is sprouted, grown；Said process is repeated every year extremely later
Update multiple cropping；
(4) multiple cropping is updated
It is a renewal multiple cropping cycle per 5-7, carrying out soil in early or mid September then ploughs deeply, and then reseeds sweet potato
And wild soybean.
2. a kind of orchard as claimed in claim 1, which gently simplifies sward, covers careless method, it is characterized in that, it is described to be applied to young garden
Inter-row green covering be：Mid-September to mid-October is by sweet potato seed and wild soybean seed according to mass ratio 2:1 ratio is used
Planting with sowing machine in the ranks, sows the line-spacing drillings, line-spacing 40cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 30kg/hm such as use in orchard2, wild soybean
Sowing quantity 15kg/hm2, seed level 2cm, reserved 0.5m Qing Geng areas.
3. a kind of orchard as claimed in claim 1, which gently simplifies sward, covers careless method, it is characterized in that, it is described to be applied into age orchard
Inter-row green covering be：Mid-September to mid-October is by sweet potato seed and wild soybean seed according to mass ratio 3:1 ratio is used
Planting with sowing machine in the ranks, sows the line-spacing drillings, line-spacing 60cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 67.5kg/hm such as use in orchard2, it is wild big
Beans sowing quantity 22.5kg/hm2, seed level 2cm, reserved 1m Qing Geng areas.
4. a kind of orchard as described in any one in claim 1-3, which gently simplifies sward, covers careless method, it is characterized in that, the step
Suddenly (3) are concentrated if malignant weed and occurred, and can apply imidazolinone herbicide and carry out chemistry with cyclohexenone analog herbicide
Weeding.
5. a kind of orchard as described in any one in claim 1-3, which gently simplifies sward, covers careless method, it is characterized in that, the sweet potato
Son is from the kind that biomass is big, cold hardiness is strong；Wild soybean is from the kind that biomass is big, crawling property is strong.
6. a kind of orchard as described in any one in claim 1-3, which gently simplifies sward, covers careless method, it is characterized in that, the base
Fertilizer is from Instant chemical fertilizer of simple substance, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer.
7. it is a kind of with claim 1-3 in orchard described in any one gently simplify sward and cover that careless method is matching used to mix up essence
Broadcast fertilizer applicator, including frame and at least one ferti-seeding component；
The frame includes trifilar suspension and rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame is included along the row for mixing up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator
Enter first crossbeam and second cross beam that the opposite direction in direction is set gradually；
The ferti-seeding component include support frame, receptacle, fertilizer guiding tube, preceding seed-box, preceding grain conductor, rear seed-box, after lead
Plant pipe, seed opener, applicator boot, speed changer, coverer and land wheel；
The receptacle, preceding seed-box, rear seed-box, seed opener, applicator boot, speed changer, coverer and land wheel
It may be contained within support frame as described above；
Support frame as described above is arranged on the second cross beam, and the ferti-seeding component is arranged on described by support frame as described above
On two crossbeams；
And the receptacle, preceding seed-box, rear seed-box, speed changer, coverer and land wheel mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator described in
The opposite direction of direct of travel be successively set on support frame as described above；
The lower wall exit of the receptacle is provided with fertilizer apparatus, and the lower wall exit of the preceding seed-box is provided with preceding seeding
Device, the lower wall exit of the rear seed-box is provided with rear feed mechanism for seed；
The upper end open of the fertilizer guiding tube and the outlet of the fertilizer apparatus, the lower ending opening of the fertilizer guiding tube and the fertilising
The outlet for entering fertile mouth connection, the upper end open of the preceding grain conductor and the preceding feed mechanism for seed of plough, the leading kind
The lower ending opening of pipe is connected with the seed inlet of the seed opener, the upper end open of the rear grain conductor and the rear feed mechanism for seed
Outlet, the lower ending opening of the rear grain conductor connects with the seed inlet of the seed opener；
The land wheel is connected by the input of driving chain and the speed changer, and the output end of the speed changer is by passing
Dynamic chain is connected with the rear feed mechanism for seed, and the rear feed mechanism for seed is connected by driving chain with the preceding feed mechanism for seed,
The preceding feed mechanism for seed is connected with the fertilizer apparatus.
8. mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, support frame as described above is removable installed in described
To realize that the ferti-seeding component can be moved along the horizontal direction for mixing up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator on two crossbeams, and the fertilising
The mobile range of sowing assembly is 10cm-50cm.
9. mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that,
The drive input of the rear feed mechanism for seed is provided with flywheel-type speed changer, and the flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters
Sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, the output end of the speed changer passes through on driving chain and the rear feed mechanism for seed drive input
Flywheel-type variator is connected；
The drive input of the preceding feed mechanism for seed is provided with flywheel-type speed changer, and the flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters
Flywheel-type speed changer on sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, the rear feed mechanism for seed drive input by driving chain with it is described before
Flywheel-type variator connection on feed mechanism for seed drive input；
The drive input of the fertilizer apparatus is provided with flywheel-type speed changer, and it is big that the flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters
Flywheel-type speed changer on the small sheet sprocket wheel differed, the preceding feed mechanism for seed drive input passes through driving chain and the fertilizer
Flywheel-type variator connection on device drive input.
10. mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, including frame and four ferti-seeding components,
Four ferti-seeding components are uniformly distributed on the second cross beam.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710348576.0A CN107041229A (en) | 2017-05-17 | 2017-05-17 | A kind of orchard gently simplifies sward and covers careless method and supporting mix up Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108450094A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-08-28 | 安徽维力拓网络科技有限公司 | A kind of planting unit of seeding |
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| CN108886902A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-27 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden |
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| CN113317090A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-31 | 贵州省果树科学研究所(贵州省柑橘研究所、贵州省特色果蔬工程技术中心、贵州省火龙果研究所) | Method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in hilly dragon orchard |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108450094A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-08-28 | 安徽维力拓网络科技有限公司 | A kind of planting unit of seeding |
| CN108575592A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | A kind of light simplified villose vetch seed production methods and mating cleaning plant |
| CN108739101A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-06 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | A kind of high-quality villose vetch hay production method and mating mix up precision seeder |
| CN108575592B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2023-07-04 | 山东绿肥生态科技有限公司 | Production method of light-simplified Mao She seed and matched cleaning device |
| CN108886902A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-27 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden |
| CN109566374A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-05 | 李靖 | A kind of high yield pea seedlings and its implantation methods |
| CN109566374B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2021-04-06 | 刘斌 | High-yield pea seedling and planting method thereof |
| CN113079753A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-09 | 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 | Millet and mung bean intercropping mechanized planting method |
| CN113317090A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-31 | 贵州省果树科学研究所(贵州省柑橘研究所、贵州省特色果蔬工程技术中心、贵州省火龙果研究所) | Method for preventing and controlling summer weeds in hilly dragon orchard |
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Application publication date: 20170815 |