CN106983778A - 一种辣木降血糖活性组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种辣木降血糖活性组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种辣木降血糖活性组合物及其应用，包括下列质量份的组分组成：辣木叶总皂苷0～10份、辣木叶总黄酮0～20份、辣木叶总生物碱0～5份、辅料20～65份，其中辣木叶总皂苷、辣木叶总黄酮和辣木叶总生物碱不同时为零。本发明的原料均来自于辣木本身，通过植物化学提取分离方法，将其中的降血糖成分分别进行分离提纯，得到辣木叶总皂苷、辣木叶总黄酮和辣木叶总生物碱，再配伍药食同源的降血糖中药共同制备辣木降血糖食品、保健品等，具有活性成分浓度高、降血糖效果明显，无毒无副作用，可长期食用，降血糖同时还能营养保健。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种辣木降血糖活性组合物及其应用，属天然产物提取应用技术领域。
背景技术
辣木(Moringa oleifera)属于辣木科(Moringaceae)辣木属(Moringa Adans.)的热带落叶木本蔬菜及油料植物，辣木叶片和果荚富含多种矿物质、维生素、蛋白质和氨基酸等有效成分，且脂肪含量较低，其活性成分具有抗氧化和保护肝脏、降血糖、降血脂和血压、抗菌消炎等保健功效。
辣木全株可食用，含有丰富的蛋白质、脂类、糖类及维生素等，在许多发展中国家作为普遍使用的膳食补充剂。在西非国家，辣木又被称为奇迹树（miracle tree），世界教会服务组织正致力于推广辣木的栽培及食用加工技术，推荐当地居民每人每日食用一汤匙辣木叶粉，以替代昂贵的进口药物，改善居民身体机能，治疗营养不良或由其引起的疾病。UCLA的营养学家指出，每日服用一汤匙（约15g）的辣木叶粉，即可满足一名儿童一天所需维生素及必需氨基酸的摄入量。根据刘昌芬等的研究，可知不同种源的辣木叶营养成分有所差异，但营养成分丰富，含量均衡。同时有研究指出辣木叶蛋白质和总膳食纤维含量较高，脂肪含量低，维生素、矿物质及蛋白质的消化率、吸收率都高于其他的植物性食物[50]。辣木种子含有丰富的脂肪、蛋白质及脂溶性维生素，可加工为品质优良的辣木油及高蛋白饲料。董小英指出，辣木种仁中的蛋白质是牛奶的4倍，且种仁含有17种氨基酸，而8种人体必须氨基酸含量也非常丰富。
辣木的叶中还含有丰富的皂苷类化合物、黄酮、有机硫化物等功能性有机小分子，人体虽对这些物质的需求量较小，但却起着提高机体抵抗力、清除自由基及抗癌等作用，目前尚未发现有对辣木这些功能性有机小分子深入研究的报道。有研究指出，辣木叶中还含有一些抗营养成分的皂苷和酚类物质，但皂苷是惰性的，酚类剂量也远远小于导致动物中毒的限制度。辣木种仁中也含有生物碱成分，但这些成分只有在大剂量摄入时才产生强心及升高血压的作用。由于这些抗营养成分含量少或作用不明显，在一般的加工过程中又容易被破坏，故对人体不会产生毒副作用。
糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus，DM)是一类由于胰岛素分泌绝对或相对不足，糖代谢紊乱而引起的以高血糖为主要特征的内分泌代谢性疾病。目前全球糖尿病患者人数急剧升高，预防和治疗糖尿病及其并发症已刻不容缓。随着对糖尿病发病机制的深入研究，依据发病关键靶点作用机制寻找有效的降糖药物成为新的焦点。
Ndong等采用非肥胖型2型糖尿病(GK)大鼠作为动物模型，对大鼠进行葡萄糖耐量试验，口服饲喂葡萄糖剂量以29/kg计，辣木叶粉剂量按200mg/kg计，检测小鼠饲喂前和饲喂后2h血糖变化，结果发现未饲喂辣木叶粉的GK大鼠的空腹血糖水平和餐后血糖水平均高于对照组大鼠，表明饲喂辣木叶粉能够提高糖尿病小鼠的葡萄糖耐受性。
通过辣木叶总黄酮(TFM)的降血糖动物试验研究发现，TFM 能显著降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖，同时能提高血清SOD 活力，降低血清MDA含量，并且TFM对正常小鼠的血糖水平无影响。
Gupta等对糖尿病大鼠分别给予的辣木根提取物，结果表明，辣木根可降低血清中的葡萄糖和一氧化氮含量，增加血清胰岛素和蛋白水平；可增加胰腺组织抗氧化水平，降低硫代巴比妥酸反应物质的含量，具有明显的降血糖和抗氧化活性。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明以辣木为主要原料，提供一种辣木降血糖活性组合物及其应用，再配伍其他降血糖中药粉末制备辣木降血糖压片糖果、口服泡腾片、片剂、胶囊等剂型，并将其应用在功能食品和糖尿病患者营养补充剂领域。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种辣木降血糖活性组合物，包括下列质量份的组分组成：
辣木叶总皂苷0～10份、辣木叶总黄酮0～20份、辣木叶总生物碱0～5份、辅料20～65份，其中辣木叶总皂苷、辣木叶总黄酮和辣木叶总生物碱不同时为零。
所述辅料为玉米淀粉、微晶纤维素、山梨糖醇、果粉、甘露醇、麦芽糊精、乳糖、蔗糖、维生素C、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸、碳酸钙中的一种或几种。
所述辣木降血糖活性组合物还包括葛根粉和/或山药粉，葛根粉和山药粉为超微粉。
所述辣木叶总皂苷经下列操作制得：将新鲜或干燥的辣木叶，碾碎后通过20目药筛，按固液比g/mL计为加入1:5～10，加入去离子水，煎煮2～3次，每次2～3h，合并滤液浓缩至相对密度为0.9～1.2mg/mL的浓溶液，再加入95%乙醇，以少量多次加入，并不停搅拌，直至得到絮状沉淀物，搅拌至无沉淀继续析出为止；于4～6℃冰箱放置12～24h，抽滤，滤液减压浓缩，浓缩温度40～50℃，挥干溶剂后得到辣木叶总皂苷。
所述辣木叶总黄酮经下列操作制得：将干燥的辣木叶粉碎，通过20目药筛，按液料体积比5～10:1，加入浓度为40～60v/v%的乙醇浸泡20～30min后，回流提取2～3次，每次2～3h，合并滤液，减压浓缩，浓缩温度50～60℃，浓缩至浸膏完全没有乙醇味，得到辣木叶总提取物；将辣木叶总提取物经过聚酰胺吸附树脂，用蒸馏水洗脱8～10个保留体积，至洗出液澄清，换浓度为70 v/v %的乙醇洗脱4～5个保留体积，流速为3mL/min·g，收集洗脱液，回收乙醇，得到辣木叶总黄酮。
所述辣木叶总生物碱经下列操作制得：将干燥的辣木根粉碎，通过20目药筛，按液料体积比5～10:1，用浓度为1～5wt%硫酸水溶液煎煮2～3次，每次2h，合并滤液，再用浓度为1～5wt%的氢氧化钙调节pH至中性，接着用二氯甲烷进行萃取，反复萃取3～5次，回收二氯甲烷，得到辣木叶总生物碱。
所述辣木降血糖活性组合物在制备压片糖果、口服泡腾片、含片、胶囊剂等剂型中的应用。
本发明具备的优点及效果：本发明的原料均来自于辣木本身，通过植物化学提取分离方法，将其中的降血糖成分分别进行分离提纯，得到辣木叶总皂苷、辣木叶总黄酮和辣木叶总生物碱，再配伍药食同源的降血糖中药山药、葛根等共同制备辣木降血糖食品、保健品等，具有活性成分浓度高、降血糖效果明显，全部采用国家卫计委公布的药食同源目录里的植物为原料，无毒无副作用，可长期食用，降血糖同时还能营养保健，其中山药降血糖同时还具有补肝肾、健脾气的功效，葛根清热解表升阳止泻，能扩张血管，降血压降血糖。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
压片糖果由下列质量份的组分组成：
辣木叶总黄酮10份、乳糖5份、麦芽糊精60份、葛根粉10份，山药粉10份。
将上述组分混合，粉末直接压片，制备得到辣木叶压片糖果。
所述辣木叶总黄酮经下列操作制得：将干燥的辣木叶粉碎，通过20目药筛，按液料体积比8:1，加入浓度为50v/v%的乙醇浸泡25min后，回流提取2次，每次3h，合并滤液，减压浓缩，浓缩温度55℃，浓缩至浸膏完全没有乙醇味，得到辣木叶总提取物；将辣木叶总提取物经过聚酰胺吸附树脂，用蒸馏水洗脱9个保留体积，至洗出液澄清，换浓度为70 v/v %的乙醇洗脱4个保留体积，流速为3mL/min·g，收集洗脱液，回收乙醇，得到辣木叶总黄酮。
实施例2
口服泡腾片由下列质量份的组分组成：辣木叶总皂苷5份、维生素C 1份、碳酸氢钠20份、柠檬酸20份、碳酸钙20份。
将上述组分混合后，采用等量递增法加入适量的无水乙醇，制软材，全部通过10目药筛，制备成湿颗粒，在50～60℃下干燥30～40min，再通过10目药筛，整粒，将适量食用香精混入无水乙醇，喷洒在颗粒表面，室温下进行压片，即得辣木叶口服泡腾片。
所述辣木叶总皂苷经下列操作制得：将新鲜或干燥的辣木叶，碾碎后通过20目药筛，按固液比g/mL计为加入1:8，加入去离子水，煎煮2次，每次3h，合并滤液浓缩至相对密度为0.9～1.2mg/mL的浓溶液，再加入95%乙醇，以少量多次加入，并不停搅拌，直至得到絮状沉淀物，搅拌至无沉淀继续析出为止；于5℃冰箱放置20h，抽滤，滤液减压浓缩，浓缩温度45℃，挥干溶剂后得到辣木叶总皂苷。
实施例3
胶囊剂由下列质量份的组分组成：辣木叶总黄酮5份、辣木叶总生物碱5份，β-环糊精1份、乳糖10份、玉米淀粉20份。
将上述组分混合后，采用等量递增法加入适量的无水乙醇，制软材，全部通过10目药筛，制备成湿颗粒，在50～60℃下干燥30～40min，再通过10目药筛，整粒，装入0号硬胶囊壳中，即得辣木叶胶囊剂。
所述辣木叶总黄酮经下列操作制得：将干燥的辣木叶粉碎，通过20目药筛，按液料体积比5:1，加入浓度为40v/v%的乙醇浸泡20min后，回流提取3次，每次2h，合并滤液，减压浓缩，浓缩温度50℃，浓缩至浸膏完全没有乙醇味，得到辣木叶总提取物；将辣木叶总提取物经过聚酰胺吸附树脂，用蒸馏水洗脱8个保留体积，至洗出液澄清，换浓度为70 v/v %的乙醇洗脱4个保留体积，流速为3mL/min·g，收集洗脱液，回收乙醇，得到辣木叶总黄酮。
所述辣木叶总生物碱经下列操作制得：将干燥的辣木根粉碎，通过20目药筛，按液料体积比5:1，用浓度为1wt%硫酸水溶液煎煮2次，每次2h，合并滤液，再用浓度为1wt%的氢氧化钙调节pH至中性，接着用二氯甲烷进行萃取，反复萃取3次，回收二氯甲烷，得到辣木叶总生物碱。
实施例4
含片由下列质量份的组分组成：
辣木叶总皂苷10份、辣木叶总黄酮20份、辣木叶总生物碱2份、乳糖5份、微晶纤维素5份、甘露醇5份、山药粉5份。
将上述组分混合，粉末直接压片，制备得到辣木叶含片。
所述辣木叶总皂苷经下列操作制得：将新鲜或干燥的辣木叶，碾碎后通过20目药筛，按固液比g/mL计为加入1:5～10，加入去离子水，煎煮2～3次，每次2～3h，合并滤液浓缩至相对密度为0.9～1.2mg/mL的浓溶液，再加入95%乙醇，以少量多次加入，并不停搅拌，直至得到絮状沉淀物，搅拌至无沉淀继续析出为止；于4～6℃冰箱放置12～24h，抽滤，滤液减压浓缩，浓缩温度40～50℃，挥干溶剂后得到辣木叶总皂苷。
所述辣木叶总黄酮经下列操作制得：将干燥的辣木叶粉碎，通过20目药筛，按液料体积比10:1，加入浓度为60v/v%的乙醇浸泡30min后，回流提取3次，每次2h，合并滤液，减压浓缩，浓缩温度60℃，浓缩至浸膏完全没有乙醇味，得到辣木叶总提取物；将辣木叶总提取物经过聚酰胺吸附树脂，用蒸馏水洗脱10个保留体积，至洗出液澄清，换浓度为70 v/v %的乙醇洗脱5个保留体积，流速为3mL/min·g，收集洗脱液，回收乙醇，得到辣木叶总黄酮。
所述辣木叶总生物碱经下列操作制得：将干燥的辣木根粉碎，通过20目药筛，按液料体积比5～10:1，用浓度为1～5wt%硫酸水溶液煎煮2～3次，每次2h，合并滤液，再用浓度为1～5wt%的氢氧化钙调节pH至中性，接着用二氯甲烷进行萃取，反复萃取3～5次，回收二氯甲烷，得到辣木叶总生物碱。
辣木抗糖尿病动物实验的模型采用化学药物诱导法，以四氧嘧啶诱导轻度和中度糖尿病大鼠模型，大鼠按照300mg/kg剂量进行灌胃给药，结果如下表所示。
表1 辣木抗糖尿病动物实验结果
实验结果表明，以四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠为动物模型，以降糖药二甲双胍为对照，进行辣木不同提取部位和提取物的降血糖活性研究，结果表明，辣木叶总黄酮、辣木叶总皂苷均有降低血糖的作用，连续给药7周后，结果表明，辣木不同提取物能显著降低糖尿病大鼠血糖，同时降低血清丙二醛含量，同时还能提高血清超氧化物歧化酶的活力。
Claims (7)
1.一种辣木降血糖活性组合物，其特征在于包括下列质量份的组分组成：
辣木叶总皂苷0～10份、辣木叶总黄酮0～20份、辣木叶总生物碱0～5份、辅料20～65份，其中辣木叶总皂苷、辣木叶总黄酮和辣木叶总生物碱不同时为零。
2.根据权利要求1所述的辣木降血糖活性组合物，其特征在于：所述辅料为玉米淀粉、微晶纤维素、山梨糖醇、果粉、甘露醇、麦芽糊精、乳糖、蔗糖、维生素C、碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸、碳酸钙中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的辣木降血糖活性组合物，其特征在于：所述辣木降血糖活性组合物还包括葛根粉和/或山药粉，葛根粉和山药粉为超微粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的辣木降血糖活性组合物，其特征在于：所述辣木叶总皂苷经下列操作制得：将新鲜或干燥的辣木叶，碾碎后通过20目药筛，按固液比g/mL计为加入1:5～10，加入去离子水，煎煮2～3次，每次2～3h，合并滤液浓缩至相对密度为0.9～1.2mg/mL的浓溶液，再加入95%乙醇，以少量多次加入，并不停搅拌，直至得到絮状沉淀物，搅拌至无沉淀继续析出为止；于4～6℃冰箱放置12～24h，抽滤，滤液减压浓缩，浓缩温度40～50℃，挥干溶剂后得到辣木叶总皂苷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的辣木降血糖活性组合物，其特征在于：所述辣木叶总黄酮经下列操作制得：将干燥的辣木叶粉碎，通过20目药筛，按液料体积比5～10:1，加入浓度为40～60v/v%的乙醇浸泡20～30min后，回流提取2～3次，每次2～3h，合并滤液，减压浓缩，浓缩温度50～60℃，浓缩至浸膏完全没有乙醇味，得到辣木叶总提取物；将辣木叶总提取物经过聚酰胺吸附树脂，用蒸馏水洗脱8～10个保留体积，至洗出液澄清，换浓度为70 v/v %的乙醇洗脱4～5个保留体积，流速为3mL/min·g，收集洗脱液，回收乙醇，得到辣木叶总黄酮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的辣木降血糖活性组合物，其特征在于：所述辣木叶总生物碱经下列操作制得：将干燥的辣木根粉碎，通过20目药筛，按液料体积比5～10:1，用浓度为1～5wt%硫酸水溶液煎煮2～3次，每次2h，合并滤液，再用浓度为1～5wt%的氢氧化钙调节pH至中性，接着用二氯甲烷进行萃取，反复萃取3～5次，回收二氯甲烷，得到辣木叶总生物碱。
7.权利要求1至6中任一所述所述辣木降血糖活性组合物在制备压片糖果、口服泡腾片、含片、胶囊剂中的应用。
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| CN107495117A (zh) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-22 | 广东日可威食品原料有限公司 | 一种降血压红枣南瓜糕及其制备方法 |
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