CN106922391A - A kind of method that use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei purifies paddy soil cadmium - Google Patents
A kind of method that use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei purifies paddy soil cadmium Download PDFInfo
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- CN106922391A CN106922391A CN201710049212.2A CN201710049212A CN106922391A CN 106922391 A CN106922391 A CN 106922391A CN 201710049212 A CN201710049212 A CN 201710049212A CN 106922391 A CN106922391 A CN 106922391A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
A kind of method that use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei purifies paddy soil cadmium, comprises the following steps：（1）Prepare compost；（2）Pack；（3）Sterilizing, inoculation Agaricus blazei are cultivated；（4）De- bag buries soil；（5）Management of producing mushroom；（6）Harvesting.The present invention is purified in rice field cultivation Agricus blazei to the farmland being contaminated and pond etc., reduces cost.Agricus blazei is planted in the soil by heavy metal cadmium, the content of Cadmium in Soil can be reduced.Profit can make to be purified by the soil of cadmium slight pollution on a large scale in this way, this discovery make it possible low cost, purify on a large scale by the soil of cadmium pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for purifying paddy soil cadmium, an edible fungi slag for cultivating Ji is used more particularly, to one kind
The method that matsutake purifies paddy soil cadmium.
Background technology
Cadmium is an environmental pollution element for danger, and it only has two kinds of valence states, i.e. 0 valency and+2 valencys, and 0 valency
Cadmium can not possibly in soil stable existence, the cadmium in the earth of native land generally refers to the cadmium and its compound of two valencys.Pollution containing cadmium
Thing by all means enter soil, decline Crop yield and quality, and can by the health of food chain harmful to human,
And cause the further deterioration of air and quality of water environment, therefore, its extensive attention for causing countries in the world.At present, the world
All cadmium pollutions of various degrees in various countries' soil.Cadmium is discharged every year on average for 1,000,000 tons in the whole world.With regard to China
Speech, northern metropolitan Vegetable Base and part commodity grain base there is different degrees of cadmium pollution, such as Beijing, Tianjin,
The ground such as Xi'an, Shenyang, Jinan, Changchun, Zhengzhou, south is relatively light.From in terms of Chinese soil resource situation, the end of the year 2000, China
Per capita cultivated land is only 0.1hm2, and with China's economic from now on social development such as biologic rescue, agricultural restructuring and certainly
Right disaster damage etc., land resource will be further reduced.Therefore, how to efficiently control and administer the pollution of Cadmium in Soil, change
Good soil quality, will be as a highly important content in Eco-environmental Protection Works.
Cadmium Pollution in Soils is to cause the key factor of ecosystem destruction.Attach great importance to control cadmium pollution in our times various countries
The research of reason method.Current control measures, there is significant limitations, it is difficult to promote on a large scale.
Engineering control refers to administer Cadmium Pollution in Soils with physics or physicochemical principle.The form of Cadmium in Soil element
It is reversible.With the invasion and attack of sour water, it is exchange state to be activated again by fixed cadmium.Therefore it is most thorough to cadmium pollution soil
Modification method be root out its table soil.If Shenyang Zhang Shi irrigated areas are to the modification method of Cadmium Pollution in Soils, according to cadmium element in soil
In distribution situation, root out 5~10cm of table soil, you can meter cadmium is declined 25%~30%, shovel 15~30cm of soil, the decline of rice cadmium
50%, but a certain amount of investment is needed, its is better.Plus untainted new soil or can additionally be incited somebody to action in contaminated soil
Contaminated soil is removed and changes new soil etc..Above measure has the advantages that effect is thorough, stable, but implements more complicated, controls
Reason is costly, easily causes soil fertility to reduce.
Biological treating method refers to be adapted to, suppressed and improved cadmium pollution using some biological habits.Mainly have：1. move
Thing is administered：The cadmium in soil is absorbed using some of soil lower animal earthworm, muroid etc..2. microbial treatment：Using soil
Some of earth microorganism produces the effects such as absorption, precipitation, oxidation and reduction to cadmium, makes cadmium formation difficultly-soluble phosphates, to reduce
Cadmium in Soil content；Prokaryotes（Bacterium, actinomyces）Compare eucaryote（Fungi）More sensitive to cadmium, grampostive bacteria can be inhaled
Receive cadmium.3. plant in treating：Can restrain oneself the characteristic with excessive accumulaiton heavy metal species using certain plants to remove the cadmium in soil；
Hyperaccumulative plant has now been found that kind more than 400, can absorb the substantial amounts of cadmium of accumulation, and the content of hyperaccumulative plant accumulation cadmium typically exists
More than 0.1%；Indian mustard（Brassica juncea）Absorb and occur aetiolation when cadmium is 200mg/kg, and cadmium is enriched with
It is 52 times；High mountain jade-like stone category class of Britain etc., can absorb the cadmium of high concentration.The advantage of biological treating measure be implement it is easier,
Investment is less and small to environmental disruption, has the disadvantage that regulation effect is not notable.
Chemical harnessing method is, to contaminated soil input modifying agent, inhibitor, to increase the soil organism, cation exchange capacity and glue
The content of grain, changes the physicochemical property such as pH, Eh and conductance, Cadmium in Soil oxidation, reduction is occurred, precipitation, absorption, is suppressed and short of money
It is anti-to wait effect, to reduce the biological effectiveness of cadmium.Such as precipitation method refer to just that metal cation occurs in medium in the soil liquid
Change（pH、OH-、SO4 2-Deng）When, form the sediment of metal and reduce the pollution of Cadmium in Soil, such as to delivering slag in soil
Deng the easy oxide for being oxidized to iron, there are absorption and co-precipitation to the ion of cadmium, so that cadmium is fixed.Electro reclamation cadmium is dirty
Dye soil is also a good method of comparing, and Marceau etc. have studied the electro reclamation of small-scale cadmium pollution soil, is used
Sulfuric acid controls the acidity in cathodic region, improves cadmium dissolution rate, and by the electro reclamation of more than 3 000 hours, the initial concentration of cadmium was
882mg/kg contaminated soils, final 98.5% cadmium is removed, and effect is preferable.Chemical harnessing measure advantage is regulation effect and expense
With all moderate, have the disadvantage easy reactivation.
Agriculture administering method is the harm that some cultivation management systems mitigate cadmium that changes suited measures to local conditions, in contaminated soil kind
Plant does not enter the plant of food chain.Main path has：1. its oxidation-reduction potential is adjusted by soil moisture control（Eh）, reach
To the purpose for reducing cadmium pollution；2. in the case where fertilizer provision from soil is not influenceed, selection can most reduce the chemical fertilizer of Cadmium Pollution in Soils；③
The compound of cadmium is reducing the pollution of Cadmium in Soil in applying organic manure fixing soil；4. resistant to pollution plant is selected and not in cadmium dirt
The soil plantation of dye enters the plant of food chain.Ramie is for example replanted on the soil containing cadmium 100mg/kg, after 5 years, soil
Cadmium content averagely reduces by 27.6%；The crops such as maize planting, paddy rice, soybean, the wheat 5. suited measures to local conditions.Rice root absorbs cadmium
Content account for the 58%~99% of whole crop uptake, the content that corn stem leaf absorbs cadmium accounts for the 20% of whole crop uptake
~40%, corn seed uptake is minimum, and cadmium Distribution dynamics in crop body are roots>Cauline leaf>Seed.Agriculture control measures it is excellent
Point is relatively low easy to operate, expense, has the disadvantage that the cycle is long, effect is not notable.
Agricus blazei（Also known as Brazilian mushroom）, originate in Brazil, Peru.It is a kind of saprophytic bacteria of summer and autumn growth, lives in height
In warm, how wet, ventilation environment, has almond flavor, mouthfeel is tender and crisp.Agricus blazei cap is tender, and stem is crisp, and mouthfeel is fabulous；Protein
Composition includes 18 kinds of amino acid, and 8 kinds of essential amino acids of human body are complete, also contain multivitamin and ergosterol.Its institute
Containing mannosan to suppressing tumour（Especially ascites carcinoma）, medical hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula, enhancing energy, anti-angiocardiopathy etc. it is all effective in cure.
Agricus blazei is mild-natured, sweet；The thoughts of returning home, lung, liver and kidney channel.Consolidate with brain tonic, anti-inflammatory, kidney-nourishing, hypoglycemic, improvement diabetes, drop courage
The effects such as alcohol, enhancing energy, improvement artery sclerosis, anti-angiocardiopathy.It is considered as the material of strong resistance filterable virus,
It can prevent virus and harmful object from entering the fragile tissue of harm, increase substantially immunologic function, have to carcinogen
Absorption, Excretion；Agricus blazei can promote the hematopoiesis function of people's marrow, and the cell of leukaemia can be disturbed to breed.Agricus blazei mycelia
Containing the protein of cancer cell, and whole amino acid needed by human can be killed in body powder, can long-term taking, it is suitable for people of all ages.Japan
The clinical test of the units such as Tokyo University's medical board is also confirmed that；Agricus blazei extract is occupied each to effect of raising body immunity
First of medicinal anticancer epiphyte.The extraction of cancer-resisting substance is carried out with the fructification of Agricus blazei, mycelium, zymotic fluid and various doses are made
The cancer therapy drug of type, with very tempting prospect.At present, the dry powder capsule that the existing Agricus blazei fructification in the U.S. is made appears on the market,
Price is very high.On Japan, Mexico and other places, it is used for the treatment of cancer by hospital.Institute of Japan internationality health science research institute
This zhang of Changgong Mr. claims Agricus blazei to be " the last food of tumor patient on the earth.”
At present, China has turned into the big country of Edible Fungi first in the world.As China edible mushroom such as Pleurotus eryngii industrial is produced
The expansion year by year of scale, the discarded object of generation is also more and more.Do not only result in the waste of resource if do not processed bacteria residue, also result in mould
The harmful spore of bacterium and the growth of insect, greatly pollution is caused to environment.Therefore Edible Fungi, particularly scale metaplasia are developed
Produce, must just research and develop the comprehensive utilization technique of edible fungi residue.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided one kind is planted using edible fungi residue
The method that training Agricus blazei purifies paddy soil cadmium.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the use of its technical problem is that one kind is using the purification of edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei
The method of paddy soil cadmium, in rice field, cultivation Agricus blazei is purified.
The method that paddy soil cadmium is purified using edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei of the present invention, including below scheme：Bacterium
--- --- --- --- --- management of producing mushroom --- harvesting --- processing-Polyose extraction-cadmium is separated to be received slag for culture for inoculation for sterilizing for pack
Collection.
The bacteria residue, is remaining solid waste after culturing edible fungus.
The present invention specifically includes following steps：
（1）Prepare compost：
The compost includes the raw material of following percentage by weight：Bacteria residue 50-65%, straw or barley seeding food 20%-30%, wheat bran
10%-17%, gypsum 1-2%, lime 1-3%, each material percentage sum is 100%.
The bacteria residue is preferable with needle mushroom dreg, also using pleurotus eryngii, agaric, flat mushroom bacteria residue.But there is mould contamination
Bacteria residue can not be used.Used after bacteria residue is smashed.
Various raw materials are weighed by formula rate, after first siccative mixing is mixed thoroughly, add water spice, mix to water content and be first
60-70wt%.
（2）Pack：
Pack is with specification of plastic bag（18~20 centimetres）×（30~38 centimetres）, or（2l~22 centimetre）×（42 centimetres）.
Using bacterium cylinder fruiting is uprightly buried, plastics bag length is advisable with 30~38 centimetres；When bacterium cylinder fruiting is buried in accumbency, plastics bag length can
With 42 centimeter lengths.
Bagging method is, by step（1）The compost of preparation loads in polybag, is compressed when material is loaded, due to culture
Material is that permeability is poor based on fermentation material and bacteria residue, therefore charging should not be too tight.During charging tension, permeability declines in compost,
Mycelial growth rate slows down, and can extend the time of mycelia purseful long, miscellaneous bacteria infection also easily occurs.After loading material in bag, with rope
Tie sack；Or upper neck ring, use plastic film sealing.Charged pocket will be carried out subsequently in time（Following steps 3）Sterilizing
Treatment, unsuitable standing time is oversize, it is to avoid occur anaerobic fermentation in material, causes that compost is rotten and a large amount of miscellaneous bacterias grow.
（3）Sterilizing, inoculation Agaricus blazei are cultivated：Operation makes with management method with Agricus blazei cultigen（It is existing
Technology）.
（4）De- bag buries soil：
Avoid water inlet in bacterium bed：Field cultivation site requirements is not ponding, and physical features is higher, the unimpeded place of rainy season draining.First turn over
Soil is ploughed, and smashes soil, grade, soil moisture drops to water content for 22-24wt%（Pinch native tack-free with hand,
And can pinch flat）It is advisable.Open furrow in field, furrow are preferred wide 120-140 centimetres, it is deep 15~20 centimetres (height according to bacterium cylinder come
It is fixed), length is different because of physical features, at a distance of more than 50 centimetres between furrow and furrow, as pavement, holds draining successfully between furrow and furrow
Ditch, gutter will be deeper than furrow bottom, just be avoided that water inlet in bacterium bed.
Bury soil：De- bag buries indigenous method, after being discharged and be divided into fritter using upright discharge, accumbency, adds bacteria residue to be mixed into
Row cultivation.Take field soil covering；Covering soil, uses after the pulverized limestone that first admix 1-1.5wt%.
Sunshade：During field cultivation, sunshade need to be made, sunshade can use straw screen or mat, or the sunshade that shading rate is more than 95%
Net makes, and sunshade is preferably high 1.6-1.8 meters.Plastics Small plastic shed is made in bacterium bed, Small plastic shed is high 50-60 centimetres；Or
" people " font straw screen or mat canopy on seedbed, is built to prevent rainwater from drenching in bacterium bed." people " font straw screen or mat canopy, it is ventilated in bacterium bed
Property is good, is conducive to Agaricus blazei sporophore growth, and weak point is to be difficult moisturizing.And easy moisturizing in plastics Small plastic shed, but easily make
Into improper ventilation.Should be advisable with straw screen or mat canopy in temperature season higher；When temperature is relatively low, bacterium bed is covered using plastics Small plastic shed,
Be conducive to heat and moisture preserving.
Management after earthing：The main management for being to maintain soil moisture, prevents rainwater from entering in bacterium bed, causes soil water-containing
Amount increases.With covered rearing with plastic film, to strengthen ventilation, air is fresh in holding canopy, and two ends plastic sheeting is opened daily,
Ventilation is once.Gas concentration lwevel in canopy is avoided to increase, mycelia forms mycoderm largely in native superficial growth, influences fruiting.
（5）Management of producing mushroom：After fruit-body formation, temperature adjustment, moisturizing, ventilation and illumination management are mainly carried out.
1. the temperature range of temperature Agricus blazei sporophore growth is 16 DEG C~33 DEG C, and in this temperature range, temperature is got over
Height, sporophore growth is faster.Between 22 DEG C~25 DEG C it is best with temperature, the fructification for growing is sturdy, is difficult parachute-opening.In the summer
During Ji Gaowen, to strengthen ventilation, reduce temperature in bacterium bed.Temperature is low in the winter time, not during fruiting, to carry out moisture-heat preservation
Work, after temperature gos up, then carries out fruiting.Fruiting season is arranged in for 4~October to be carried out, wherein with 4~June and 9~l0 months
For best.
2. moisture needed for sporophore growth during humidity fruiting, essentially from overburden layer, therefore, it is main in water management
Will be keeping based on the moisture of soil.Relative air humidity is advisable with 70%~75%.When there is drying in soil surface to bleach,
Then to spray water makes ground moistening.Water spray is advisable with moistening soil, should not once be sprayed water excessive, causes soil moisture content to increase, son
Physically there is disease.During water spray, mainly to being sprayed water on aerial and ground, being sprayed water on soil layer to lack.In field cultivation,
Film ventilation is taken off in timing, it is to avoid hot and humid environment is occurred, is caused sporophore growth bad.
3. during air sporophore growth is developed, substantial amounts of oxygen is consumed, discharges carbon dioxide.Therefore, to strengthen leading to
Wind is taken a breath, and keeps air fresh.Covered with plastic greenhouse, film ventilation is regularly taken off daily, it is to avoid hot and humid environment, shadow occur
Ring fruiting and sporophore growth.
4. light, need to be under conditions of bright and clear during sporophore growth, could well-grown.But light is not yet
Preferably too strong, after illumination is too strong, overburden layer and the easy desiccation of fructification are difficult moisturizing, it is proposed that intensity of illumination is typically 50 ~ 380
Between lx.
（6）Harvesting harvested before cap edge does not leave stem when fructification grows to.When summer temperature is high, fructification
Growth is fast, therefore harvesting is timely, and harvests 2 times daily, each harvesting of early, evening 1 time, is just avoided that cap launches, and causes quality
Decline.After harvesting, overburden layer is repaired, water spray keeps the skin wet, be that next damp mushroom grows and gets ready.
The Agricus blazei for harvesting, mud pin of pruning is sold in time, or working process.Should not be after a long time, it is to avoid mushroom
Body browning and parachute-opening, Quality Down.
The processing of the Agricus blazei for being harvested：It is oligomeric that Agricus blazei fructification contains substantial amounts of Agricus blazei beta glucan, Agricus blazei
The materials such as peptide, Agricus blazei allysine, its polysaccharide is improved immunity to human body, suppresses tumour, three high drop, anti-inflammatory, prevention
Many medical values such as artery sclerosis.Extracting Agaricus Blazei Murrill polysaccharide by supercritical extraction can effectively remove the pollution of cadmium, from
And economic benefits are produced, its idiographic flow is as follows：Raw material → roughing（Cleaning, dry and crushing）The degreasing of → supercritical extract →
Microwave abstracting → finishing（Filtering, concentration, alcohol precipitation）→ chromatography takes off albumen → detection → finished product.（Extracting method is specifically joined
See " Agaricus Blazei Murrill polysaccharide extraction and the research of purifying process ", Dan Yuling, master thesis, Jilin Agriculture University, in June, 2007
1 day.）
The present invention plants Agricus blazei in soil of the outdoor containing cadmium, after cultivation once, effective cadmium clearance in soil for 70% with
On（Agricus blazei to the concentration coefficient of cadmium between 45-75, the accumulation ability positive correlation of Cadmium in Soil content and Agricus blazei）.Soil
It is utilized 2 times afterwards, the effective cadmium clearance in soil is more than 85%, is significantly reduced the content of effective cadmium in soil.To receiving
The Agricus blazei for obtaining carries out deep processing, extracts the materials such as polysaccharide, and the waste liquid produced during polysaccharide is extracted further is concentrated and deep
Processing, can also reclaim cadmium to get up to recycle.
The de- bag of clinker of the present invention buries native cultivation, due to compost be it is sterilized process, and be in good condition
Bacterium is issued, mycelial growth is good, and mycelia is dense, and accumulation nutrient is more, can efficiently control miscellaneous bacteria and insect, therefore yield is high.Especially
Suitably native cultivation is buried in summer.Cultivation area can also can be carried out in field indoors.
The present invention is purified using Agricus blazei to farmland and pond by cadmium slight pollution etc., with bacteria residue and other agricultures
Industry produces discarded object such as brid guano, stalk etc., carrys out lengthening manufacturing chain by processing to be made agaricus blazei culture material and carry out regeneration, both
Can economize on resources and free from environmental pollution, so as to realize natural resources it is sustainable, healthy, recycle.
The present invention is purified in rice field cultivation Agricus blazei to the farmland being contaminated and pond etc., reduces cost.Receiving
Agricus blazei is planted in the soil of heavy metal cadmium, the content of Cadmium in Soil can be reduced.Profit can make big in this way
Scope is subject to the soil of cadmium slight pollution to be purified, and this discovery causes low cost, purifies on a large scale by the soil of cadmium pollution
It is possibly realized.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The method that the use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei of the present embodiment purifies paddy soil cadmium, in rice field, cultivation Agricus blazei enters
Row purification.The present embodiment time is summer.
The present embodiment specifically includes following steps：
（1）Prepare compost：
The compost includes the raw material of following percentage by weight：Bacteria residue 60%, rice straw powder 25%, wheat bran 12%, gypsum 1%, stone
Ash 2%.
The bacteria residue is needle mushroom dreg.Used after bacteria residue is smashed.
Various raw materials are weighed by formula rate, after first siccative mixing is mixed thoroughly, add water spice, mix to water content and be first
60wt%.
（2）Pack：
Pack is with specification of plastic bag（2l~22 centimetre）×（42 centimetres）.Bacterium cylinder fruiting is buried using accumbency.
Bagging method is, by step（1）The compost of preparation loads in polybag, is compressed when material is loaded, due to culture
Material is that permeability is poor based on fermentation material and bacteria residue, therefore charging should not be too tight.During charging tension, permeability declines in compost,
Mycelial growth rate slows down, and can extend the time of mycelia purseful long, miscellaneous bacteria infection also easily occurs.After loading material in bag, with rope
Tie sack；Or upper neck ring, use plastic film sealing.Charged pocket will be carried out subsequently in time（Following steps 3）Sterilizing
Treatment, unsuitable standing time is oversize, it is to avoid occur anaerobic fermentation in material, causes that compost is rotten and a large amount of miscellaneous bacterias grow.
（3）Sterilizing, inoculation Agaricus blazei are cultivated：Operation makes with management method with Agricus blazei cultigen（It is existing
Technology）.
（4）De- bag buries soil：
Avoid water inlet in bacterium bed：Field cultivation site requirements is not ponding, and physical features is higher, the unimpeded place of rainy season draining.First turn over
Soil is ploughed, and smashes soil, grade, soil moisture drops to water content for 22-24wt%（Pinch native tack-free with hand,
And can pinch flat）It is advisable.Furrow are opened in field, furrow are wide 120-140 centimetres, deep 20 centimetres, length is different because of physical features, phase between furrow and furrow
Away from 50 centimetres, as pavement, gutter is held successfully between furrow and furrow, gutter will be deeper than furrow bottom, just be avoided that in bacterium bed
Water inlet.
Bury soil：De- bag buries indigenous method, is discharged using accumbency, adds bacteria residue mixing to be cultivated.Take field soil covering；Covering
With soil, used after the pulverized limestone that first admix 1wt%.
Sunshade：During field cultivation, sunshade need to be made, sunshade straw screen or mat, sunshade is high 1.6 meters.In bacterium bed, take
" people " font straw screen or mat canopy is built to prevent rainwater from drenching in bacterium bed.
Management after earthing：The main management for being to maintain soil moisture, prevents rainwater from entering in bacterium bed, causes soil water-containing
Amount increases.With covered rearing with plastic film, to strengthen ventilation, air is fresh in holding canopy, and two ends plastic sheeting is opened daily,
Ventilation is once.Gas concentration lwevel in canopy is avoided to increase, mycelia forms mycoderm largely in native superficial growth, influences fruiting.
（5）Management of producing mushroom：After fruit-body formation, temperature adjustment, moisturizing, ventilation and illumination management are mainly carried out.
1. the temperature range of temperature control Agricus blazei sporophore growth is 22 DEG C~25 DEG C, and the present embodiment is in summer high temperature
Period, to strengthen ventilation, reduce temperature in bacterium bed.Fruiting season is arranged in for 4~June.
2. moisture needed for sporophore growth during humidity fruiting, essentially from overburden layer, therefore, it is main in water management
Will be keeping based on the moisture of soil.Relative air humidity is controlled 70%.When drying occurs in soil surface to bleach, then to spray
Water makes ground moistening.Water spray is defined by moistening soil, should not once be sprayed water excessive, causes soil moisture content to increase, in fructification
There is disease.During water spray, mainly to being sprayed water on aerial and ground, being sprayed water on soil layer to lack.In field cultivation, regularly to take off
Film ventilation, it is to avoid hot and humid environment occur, cause sporophore growth bad.
3. during air sporophore growth is developed, substantial amounts of oxygen is consumed, discharges carbon dioxide.Therefore, to strengthen leading to
Wind is taken a breath, and keeps air fresh.Covered with plastic greenhouse, film ventilation is regularly taken off daily, it is to avoid hot and humid environment, shadow occur
Ring fruiting and sporophore growth.
4. light, need to be under conditions of bright and clear during sporophore growth, could well-grown.But light is not yet
Preferably too strong, after illumination is too strong, overburden layer and the easy desiccation of fructification are difficult moisturizing, and intensity of illumination is controlled in 100 ~ 180 lx
Between.
（6）Harvesting harvested before cap edge does not leave stem when fructification grows to.When summer temperature is high, fructification
Growth is fast, therefore harvesting is timely, and harvests 2 times daily, each harvesting of early, evening 1 time, is just avoided that cap launches, and causes quality
Decline.After harvesting, overburden layer is repaired, water spray keeps the skin wet, be that next damp mushroom grows and gets ready.
The Agricus blazei for harvesting, prune mud pin, working process.Should not be after a long time, it is to avoid mushroom body browning and open
Umbrella, Quality Down.
The processing of the Agricus blazei for being harvested：It is oligomeric that Agricus blazei fructification contains substantial amounts of Agricus blazei beta glucan, Agricus blazei
The materials such as peptide, Agricus blazei allysine, its polysaccharide is improved immunity to human body, suppresses tumour, three high drop, anti-inflammatory, prevention
Many medical values such as artery sclerosis.Extracting Agaricus Blazei Murrill polysaccharide by supercritical extraction can effectively remove the pollution of cadmium, from
And economic benefits are produced, its idiographic flow is as follows：Raw material → roughing（Cleaning, dry and crushing）The degreasing of → supercritical extract →
Microwave abstracting → finishing（Filtering, concentration, alcohol precipitation）→ chromatography takes off albumen → detection → finished product.（Extracting method is specifically joined
See " Agaricus Blazei Murrill polysaccharide extraction and the research of purifying process ", Dan Yuling, master thesis, Jilin Agriculture University, in June, 2007
1 day.）
The present embodiment is 15 centimetres using thickness in outdoor, every kilogram of soil contains the soil of 47 milligrams of effective cadmium to plant Ji Song
Young pilose antler, after cultivation once, the effective cadmium content in soil is reduced to every kilogram of 13.536 milligrams of soil, and effective cadmium clearance is
71.2%.Soil is utilized 2 times afterwards, and the effective cadmium content in soil is every kilogram of 6.091 milligrams of soil, is significantly reduced soil
The content of effective cadmium in earth.Agricus blazei to harvesting carries out deep processing, extracts the materials such as polysaccharide, is produced during polysaccharide is extracted
Waste liquid further concentration and deep processing, can also cadmium reclaim get up recycle.
Embodiment 2
The method that the use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei of the present embodiment purifies paddy soil cadmium, in rice field, cultivation Agricus blazei enters
Row purification.The present embodiment is that autumn and winter temperature is relatively low（15-22℃）Period.
The present embodiment specifically includes following steps：
（1）Prepare compost：
The compost includes the raw material of following percentage by weight：Bacteria residue 50%, barley seeding food 30%, wheat bran 17%, gypsum 2%, stone
Ash 1%.
The bacteria residue is pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue.Used after bacteria residue is smashed.
Various raw materials are weighed by formula rate, after first siccative mixing is mixed thoroughly, add water spice, mix to water content and be first
70wt%.
（2）Pack：
Pack is with specification of plastic bag（18~20 centimetres）×（30 centimetres）, using uprightly burying bacterium cylinder fruiting.
Bagging method is, by step（1）The compost of preparation loads in polybag, is compressed when material is loaded, due to culture
Material is that permeability is poor based on fermentation material and bacteria residue, therefore charging should not be too tight.During charging tension, permeability declines in compost,
Mycelial growth rate slows down, and can extend the time of mycelia purseful long, miscellaneous bacteria infection also easily occurs.After loading material in bag, with rope
Tie sack；Or upper neck ring, use plastic film sealing.Charged pocket will be carried out subsequently in time（Following steps 3）Sterilizing
Treatment, unsuitable standing time is oversize, it is to avoid occur anaerobic fermentation in material, causes that compost is rotten and a large amount of miscellaneous bacterias grow.
（3）Sterilizing, inoculation Agaricus blazei are cultivated：Operation makes with management method with Agricus blazei cultigen（It is existing
Technology）.
（4）De- bag buries soil：
Avoid water inlet in bacterium bed：Field cultivation site requirements is not ponding, and physical features is higher, the unimpeded place of rainy season draining.First turn over
Soil is ploughed, and smashes soil, grade, soil moisture drops to water content for 22-24wt%（Pinch native tack-free with hand,
And can pinch flat）.Furrow are opened in field, furrow are wide 120-140 centimetres, deep 15 centimetres, length is different because of physical features, at a distance of 50 between furrow and furrow
Centimetre, as pavement, hold gutter successfully between furrow and furrow, gutter will be deeper than furrow bottom, just be avoided that water inlet in bacterium bed.
Bury soil：De- bag buries indigenous method, is discharged using accumbency, adds bacteria residue mixing to be cultivated.Take field soil covering；Covering
With soil, used after the pulverized limestone that first admix 1wt%.
Sunshade：During field cultivation, sunshade need to be made, sunshade shading rate is more than 95% sunshade net making, is hidden
Positive canopy is high 1.8 meters.Plastics Small plastic shed is made in bacterium bed, Small plastic shed is high 50 centimetres；To prevent rainwater from drenching in bacterium bed.Also have
Beneficial to heat and moisture preserving.
Management after earthing：The main management for being to maintain soil moisture, prevents rainwater from entering in bacterium bed, causes soil water-containing
Amount increases.With covered rearing with plastic film, to strengthen ventilation, air is fresh in holding canopy, and two ends plastic sheeting is opened daily,
Ventilation is once.Gas concentration lwevel in canopy is avoided to increase, mycelia forms mycoderm largely in native superficial growth, influences fruiting.
（5）Management of producing mushroom：After fruit-body formation, temperature adjustment, moisturizing, ventilation and illumination management are mainly carried out.
1. the temperature range of temperature Agricus blazei sporophore growth is 22 DEG C~25 DEG C, and temperature is low in the winter time, not during fruiting,
Moisture-heat preservation work is carried out, after temperature gos up, then fruiting is carried out.Fruiting season is arranged in April.
2. moisture needed for sporophore growth during humidity fruiting, essentially from overburden layer, therefore, it is main in water management
Will be keeping based on the moisture of soil.Relative air humidity is 70%~75%.When drying occurs in soil surface to bleach, then
Water spray makes ground moistening.Water spray is advisable with moistening soil, should not once be sprayed water excessive, causes soil moisture content to increase, fructification
On there is disease.During water spray, mainly to being sprayed water on aerial and ground, being sprayed water on soil layer to lack.In field cultivation, timing
Take off film ventilation, it is to avoid hot and humid environment occur, cause sporophore growth bad.
3. during air sporophore growth is developed, substantial amounts of oxygen is consumed, discharges carbon dioxide.Therefore, to strengthen leading to
Wind is taken a breath, and keeps air fresh.Covered with plastic greenhouse, film ventilation is regularly taken off daily, it is to avoid hot and humid environment, shadow occur
Ring fruiting and sporophore growth.
4. light, need to be under conditions of bright and clear during sporophore growth, could well-grown.But light is not yet
Preferably too strong, after illumination is too strong, overburden layer and the easy desiccation of fructification are difficult moisturizing, controls intensity of illumination for 150 ~ 200 lx
Between.
（6）Harvesting harvested before cap edge does not leave stem when fructification grows to.When temperature is relatively low, one is harvested daily
It is secondary.After harvesting, overburden layer is repaired, water spray keeps the skin wet, be that next damp mushroom grows and gets ready.
The Agricus blazei for harvesting, mud pin of pruning is sold in time, or working process.Should not be after a long time, it is to avoid mushroom
Body browning and parachute-opening, Quality Down.
The processing of the Agricus blazei for being harvested：It is oligomeric that Agricus blazei fructification contains substantial amounts of Agricus blazei beta glucan, Agricus blazei
The materials such as peptide, Agricus blazei allysine, its polysaccharide is improved immunity to human body, suppresses tumour, three high drop, anti-inflammatory, prevention
Many medical values such as artery sclerosis.Extracting Agaricus Blazei Murrill polysaccharide by supercritical extraction can effectively remove the pollution of cadmium, from
And economic benefits are produced, its idiographic flow is as follows：Raw material → roughing（Cleaning, dry and crushing）The degreasing of → supercritical extract →
Microwave abstracting → finishing（Filtering, concentration, alcohol precipitation）→ chromatography takes off albumen → detection → finished product.（Extracting method is specifically joined
See " Agaricus Blazei Murrill polysaccharide extraction and the research of purifying process ", Dan Yuling, master thesis, Jilin Agriculture University, in June, 2007
1 day.）
The present embodiment is 15 centimetres using thickness in outdoor, every kilogram of soil contains the soil of 47 milligrams of effective cadmium to plant Ji Song
Young pilose antler, after cultivation once, the effective cadmium content in soil is reduced to every kilogram of 12.536 milligrams of soil, and effective cadmium clearance is
73.3%.Soil is utilized 2 times afterwards, and the effective cadmium content in soil is every kilogram of 6.285 milligrams of soil, is significantly reduced soil
The content of effective cadmium in earth.Agricus blazei to harvesting carries out deep processing, extracts the materials such as polysaccharide, is produced during polysaccharide is extracted
Waste liquid further concentration and deep processing, can also cadmium reclaim get up recycle.
Embodiment 3
The method that the use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei of the present embodiment purifies paddy soil cadmium, in rice field, cultivation Agricus blazei enters
Row purification.The present embodiment time is summer.
The present embodiment specifically includes following steps：
（1）Prepare compost：
The compost includes the raw material of following percentage by weight：Bacteria residue 62%, rice straw powder 23%, wheat bran 12%, gypsum 1%, stone
Ash 2%.
The bacteria residue is needle mushroom dreg.Used after bacteria residue is smashed.
Various raw materials are weighed by formula rate, after first siccative mixing is mixed thoroughly, add water spice, mix to water content and be first
65wt%.
（2）Pack：
Pack is with specification of plastic bag（2l~22 centimetre）×（42 centimetres）.Bacterium cylinder fruiting is buried using accumbency.
Bagging method is, by step（1）The compost of preparation loads in polybag, is compressed when material is loaded, due to culture
Material is that permeability is poor based on fermentation material and bacteria residue, therefore charging should not be too tight.During charging tension, permeability declines in compost,
Mycelial growth rate slows down, and can extend the time of mycelia purseful long, miscellaneous bacteria infection also easily occurs.After loading material in bag, with rope
Tie sack；Or upper neck ring, use plastic film sealing.Charged pocket will be carried out subsequently in time（Following steps 3）Sterilizing
Treatment, unsuitable standing time is oversize, it is to avoid occur anaerobic fermentation in material, causes that compost is rotten and a large amount of miscellaneous bacterias grow.
（3）Sterilizing, inoculation Agaricus blazei are cultivated：Operation makes with management method with Agricus blazei cultigen（It is existing
Technology）.
（4）De- bag buries soil：
Avoid water inlet in bacterium bed：Field cultivation site requirements is not ponding, and physical features is higher, the unimpeded place of rainy season draining.First turn over
Soil is ploughed, and smashes soil, grade, soil moisture drops to water content for 22-24wt%（Pinch native tack-free with hand,
And can pinch flat）It is advisable.Furrow are opened in field, furrow are wide 120-140 centimetres, deep 20 centimetres, length is different because of physical features, phase between furrow and furrow
Away from 50 centimetres, as pavement, gutter is held successfully between furrow and furrow, gutter will be deeper than furrow bottom, just be avoided that in bacterium bed
Water inlet.
Bury soil：De- bag buries indigenous method, is discharged using accumbency, adds bacteria residue mixing to be cultivated.Take field soil covering；Covering
With soil, used after the pulverized limestone that first admix 1wt%.
Sunshade：During field cultivation, sunshade need to be made, sunshade straw screen or mat, sunshade is high 1.6 meters.In bacterium bed, take
" people " font straw screen or mat canopy is built to prevent rainwater from drenching in bacterium bed.
Management after earthing：The main management for being to maintain soil moisture, prevents rainwater from entering in bacterium bed, causes soil water-containing
Amount increases.With covered rearing with plastic film, to strengthen ventilation, air is fresh in holding canopy, and two ends plastic sheeting is opened daily,
Ventilation is once.Gas concentration lwevel in canopy is avoided to increase, mycelia forms mycoderm largely in native superficial growth, influences fruiting.
（5）Management of producing mushroom：After fruit-body formation, temperature adjustment, moisturizing, ventilation and illumination management are mainly carried out.
1. the temperature range of temperature control Agricus blazei sporophore growth is 22 DEG C~25 DEG C, and the present embodiment is in summer high temperature
Period, to strengthen ventilation, reduce temperature in bacterium bed.Fruiting season is arranged in for 4~June.
2. moisture needed for sporophore growth during humidity fruiting, essentially from overburden layer, therefore, it is main in water management
Will be keeping based on the moisture of soil.Relative air humidity is controlled 70%.When drying occurs in soil surface to bleach, then to spray
Water makes ground moistening.Water spray is defined by moistening soil, should not once be sprayed water excessive, causes soil moisture content to increase, in fructification
There is disease.During water spray, mainly to being sprayed water on aerial and ground, being sprayed water on soil layer to lack.In field cultivation, regularly to take off
Film ventilation, it is to avoid hot and humid environment occur, cause sporophore growth bad.
3. during air sporophore growth is developed, substantial amounts of oxygen is consumed, discharges carbon dioxide.Therefore, to strengthen leading to
Wind is taken a breath, and keeps air fresh.Covered with plastic greenhouse, film ventilation is regularly taken off daily, it is to avoid hot and humid environment, shadow occur
Ring fruiting and sporophore growth.
4. light, need to be under conditions of bright and clear during sporophore growth, could well-grown.But light is not yet
Preferably too strong, after illumination is too strong, overburden layer and the easy desiccation of fructification are difficult moisturizing, and intensity of illumination is controlled in 120 ~ 150 lx
Between.
（6）Harvesting harvested before cap edge does not leave stem when fructification grows to.When summer temperature is high, fructification
Growth is fast, therefore harvesting is timely, and harvests 2 times daily, each harvesting of early, evening 1 time, is just avoided that cap launches, and causes quality
Decline.After harvesting, overburden layer is repaired, water spray keeps the skin wet, be that next damp mushroom grows and gets ready.
The Agricus blazei for harvesting, prune mud pin, working process.Should not be after a long time, it is to avoid mushroom body browning and open
Umbrella, Quality Down.
The processing of the Agricus blazei for being harvested：It is oligomeric that Agricus blazei fructification contains substantial amounts of Agricus blazei beta glucan, Agricus blazei
The materials such as peptide, Agricus blazei allysine, its polysaccharide is improved immunity to human body, suppresses tumour, three high drop, anti-inflammatory, prevention
Many medical values such as artery sclerosis.Extracting Agaricus Blazei Murrill polysaccharide by supercritical extraction can effectively remove the pollution of cadmium, from
And economic benefits are produced, its idiographic flow is as follows：Raw material → roughing（Cleaning, dry and crushing）The degreasing of → supercritical extract →
Microwave abstracting → finishing（Filtering, concentration, alcohol precipitation）→ chromatography takes off albumen → detection → finished product.（Extracting method is specifically joined
See " Agaricus Blazei Murrill polysaccharide extraction and the research of purifying process ", Dan Yuling, master thesis, Jilin Agriculture University, in June, 2007
1 day.）
The present embodiment is 15 centimetres using thickness in outdoor, every kilogram of soil contains the soil of 47 milligrams of effective cadmium to plant Ji Song
Young pilose antler, after cultivation once, the effective cadmium content in soil is reduced to every kilogram of 12.425 milligrams of soil, and effective cadmium clearance is
73.6%.Soil is utilized 2 times afterwards, and the effective cadmium content in soil is every kilogram of 6.012 milligrams of soil, is significantly reduced soil
The content of effective cadmium in earth.Agricus blazei to harvesting carries out deep processing, extracts the materials such as polysaccharide, is produced during polysaccharide is extracted
Waste liquid further concentration and deep processing, can also cadmium reclaim get up recycle.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method that use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei purifies paddy soil cadmium, it is characterised in that in rice field cultivation
Agricus blazei is purified.
2. the method that use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei according to claim 1 purifies paddy soil cadmium, its feature
It is to specifically include following steps：
（1）Prepare compost：
The compost includes the raw material of following percentage by weight：Bacteria residue 50-65%, straw or barley seeding food 20%-30%, wheat bran
10%-17%, gypsum 1-2%, lime 1-3%, each material percentage sum is 100%；
Used after bacteria residue is smashed；
Various raw materials are weighed by formula rate first, after first siccative mixing is mixed thoroughly, spice is added water, it is 60- to mix to water content
70wt%；
（2）Pack：
By step（1）The compost of preparation loads in polybag, is compressed when material is loaded, and after loading material in bag, is tied with rope
Sack；Or upper neck ring, use plastic film sealing；
（3）Sterilizing, inoculation Agaricus blazei are cultivated；
（4）De- bag buries soil：
Avoid water inlet in bacterium bed：Field cultivation site requirements is not ponding, and physical features is higher, the unimpeded place of rainy season draining；First turn over
Soil is ploughed, and smashes soil, grade, soil moisture drops to water content for 22-24wt%；Furrow, furrow and furrow are opened in field
Between at a distance of more than 50 centimetres, as pavement, hold gutter successfully between furrow and furrow, gutter will be deeper than furrow bottom, it is to avoid
Water inlet in bacterium bed；
Bury soil：De- bag buries indigenous method, after upright discharge, accumbency discharge and being divided into fritter, adds bacteria residue mixing to be cultivated；
Take field soil covering；Covering soil, uses after the pulverized limestone that first admix 1-1.5wt%；
Sunshade：During field cultivation, sunshade, sunshade straw screen or mat need to be made, or the sunshade net that shading rate is more than 95% makes；
Plastics Small plastic shed is made in bacterium bed, Small plastic shed is high 50-60 centimetres, or on seedbed, builds " people " font straw screen or mat canopy；
Management after earthing：The main management for being to maintain soil moisture, prevents rainwater from entering in bacterium bed, causes soil moisture content to increase
Plus；With covered rearing with plastic film, to strengthen ventilation, air is fresh in holding canopy, and two ends plastic sheeting is opened daily, divulges information
Ventilation is once；
（5）Management of producing mushroom：After fruit-body formation, temperature adjustment, moisturizing, ventilation and illumination management are mainly carried out；
1. the temperature range of temperature Agricus blazei sporophore growth is 16 DEG C~33 DEG C；
2. the control of humidity air relative humidity is 70%~75%；When drying occurs in soil surface to bleach, then to spray water makes soil
Earth is moistened, and water spray should not once spray water excessively；During water spray, mainly to being sprayed water on aerial and ground, being sprayed water on soil layer to lack；
3. air will strengthen ventilation, keep air fresh；Covered with plastic greenhouse, film ventilation is regularly taken off daily；
4. the control of light intensity of illumination is between 50 ~ 380 lx；
（6）Harvesting harvested before cap edge does not leave stem when fructification grows to；After harvesting, overburden layer is repaired, water spray is mended
Water-filling point, is that next damp mushroom grows and gets ready.
3. the method that use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei according to claim 2 purifies paddy soil cadmium, its feature
It is, step（1）In, the bacteria residue is at least one in needle mushroom dreg, pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue, agaric bacteria residue, flat mushroom bacteria residue.
4. the method that use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei according to claim 2 purifies paddy soil cadmium, its feature
It is, step（4）In, during sunshade, sunshade is a height of 1.6-1.8 meters.
5. the method that use edible fungi slag for cultivating Agricus blazei according to claim 2 purifies paddy soil cadmium, its feature
It is, step（5）In, during temperature treatment, it is 22 DEG C~25 DEG C to control temperature.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109006166A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽泓森生物科技有限公司 | Reduce the edible mushroom efficient ecological cultivation technique of rotten stick rate |
| CN109006165A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽泓森生物科技有限公司 | Hayashishita Agricus blazei cultivation technique |
| CN109328866A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-15 | 巍山县宏刚食用菌种植有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Agricus blazei |
| CN109804746A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-05-28 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of field sand Carbon fixation method |
| CN110149832A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-23 | 沈阳农业大学 | Cadmium method drops in a kind of rice drop cadmium conditioner and rice |
| CN111373979A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-07 | 延安大学 | Method for industrially cultivating pholiota nameko by using black fungus residues |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109006166A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽泓森生物科技有限公司 | Reduce the edible mushroom efficient ecological cultivation technique of rotten stick rate |
| CN109006165A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽泓森生物科技有限公司 | Hayashishita Agricus blazei cultivation technique |
| CN109328866A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-02-15 | 巍山县宏刚食用菌种植有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Agricus blazei |
| CN109804746A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-05-28 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of field sand Carbon fixation method |
| CN110149832A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-23 | 沈阳农业大学 | Cadmium method drops in a kind of rice drop cadmium conditioner and rice |
| CN111373979A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-07 | 延安大学 | Method for industrially cultivating pholiota nameko by using black fungus residues |
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