A kind of organic wheat medical fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer field, be specifically related to medicine fertile field, particularly organic wheat medical fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
According to China's development low-carbon (LC), circulation, Organic farming, the agricultural development planning that ensures food safety, in line with the purpose that improves quality of agricultural product, reduces production costs, the green medicine fertilizer of research farm crop becomes a kind of inexorable trend.Medicine fertilizer is a kind of in the green manure.
Green manure (green manure) is the green plants body as fertilizer.Green manure is the completely biological source of manure of a kind of nutrient.Green manure is not only the effective ways that add the source of manure, and improvement soil is also had great role, and specifically, green medicine fertilizer has following advantage:
(1) can provide abundant nutrient for soil.The young young stem and leaf of various green manure contains abundant nutrient, in case in soil decomposition, can increase in large quantities organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and various trace element in the soil.Leguminous greenmanuring crop can also increase the nitrogen in the soil, and according to estimates, the nitrogen in the leguminous green manure has 2/3 from air.
(2) can make difficultly soluble nutrient conversion in the soil, be beneficial to absorbing of crop.The secretory product of green manure crop in process of growth and turn over after the organic acid that decompose to produce can make phosphorus, the potassium of insoluble in the soil be converted into validity phosphorus, potassium that crop can utilize.
(3) can improve the physical and chemical character of soil.After green manure ploughs under soil, under the effect of microorganism, constantly decompose, except discharging the mass efficient nutrient, also form soil ulmin, soil ulmin is combined with calcium and can be made soil cementation become crumb structure, the loosing soil, ventilative that crumb structure is arranged, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, and the performance of regulating water, fertilizer, gas, heat is good, is conducive to plant growth.
(4) activity of promotion soil microorganisms.After green manure is manured into soil, increased fresh organic energy substance, microorganism is bred rapidly, the movable enhancing promotes the formation of soil ulmin, and the effectuation of nutrient accelerates soil-ripening.
At present to the fertile existing a small amount of research of green medicine, such as number of patent application: 200810017355.6 disclose a kind of biological multi-effect fertilizer, are comprised of Herba Pileae Scriptae, the bark of ash, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pine needle, Radix Isatidis, golden cypress, aloe, humic acids and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mineral manure; The weight percent of component is: Herba Pileae Scriptae extract 1-2.5%, tuber of stemona extract 1-2.5%, golden cypress extract 1-2.5%, aloe extract 5-10%, pine needle 10-15%, Radix Isatidis 7-10%, bark of ash 7-10%, kuh-seng 10-15%, humic acids 15-20%, available nitrogen 10-20%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 5-10%, potassium oxide 5-lo%.Herbal medicine sterilization and disinsection of the present invention, safety non-pollution, combination of pesticide and fertilizer can be widely used in the cash crop such as wheat, cotton, rape, peanut, beans and silkworm and mulberry, tea woods, fruit tree, various vegetables.
Such as number of patent application: 200910000714.1 disclose a kind of Chinese herbal medicine multifunctional organic fertilizer, are comprised of the raw material of following parts by weight: Chinese medicinal ingredients 5, organic substance 95; Described Chinese medicinal ingredients is made by the Chinese medicinal materials of following weight fraction: 10-15%, trypterygine 15-18%, radix aconiti agrestis 15-18%, kerria's seed 20-22%, Chinese honey locust 5-15%, the tuber of stemona 5-7% such as kuh-seng 15-20%, Huang; Described organic substance is comprised of the raw material of following weight fraction: dregs of beans 15.8%, alditol slag 21%, agricultural crop straw powder 31.6%, plant ash 31.6%.Chinese herbal medicine multifunctional organic fertilizer production technique of the present invention is simple, and comprehensive one-tenth wood is low, applied widely.
Present existing green medicine fertilizer is not developed for certain farm crop specially, and its specific aim is not strong.
Summary of the invention
For above the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of organic wheat medical fertilizer and preparation method thereof.This organic wheat medical fertilizer has been realized " turning waste into wealth ", " fertile medicine unification ", has the function of rehabilitating soil, low-carbon (LC) safety; And can supply with wheat desired nutritional element comprehensively.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of organic wheat medical fertilizer,
(1) weight part of raw material consists of:
10 parts-20 parts of Chinese azalea,
6 parts-10 parts of wormcasts,
15 parts-25 parts of wheat stalks,
35 parts-65 parts of farm manures;
(2) raw material of getting described weight part is produced described organic wheat medical fertilizer according to the following steps:
A) wheat stalk is cut off processing;
B) with Chinese azalea water washing 2-3 time, airing is carried out the cut-off part reason to wilted condition, then boiled in water 20 minutes-30 minutes, and wherein the mass ratio of Rhododendron molle and water is 1: 2-3, separate, collect respectively Chinese azalea juice and Chinese azalea residue;
C) wheat stalk, wormcast, farm manure and the Rhododendron molle residue that cuts off stirred rear beginning compost, take 10cm-15cm highly as a compost face; The Rhododendron molle juice of collecting is sprayed on each compost face.By that analogy until compost finish;
D) with plastics film compost is covered airtight good, until compost maturity.
One of meet the following conditions, be described compost maturity:
The heap corruption of a) becoming thoroughly decomposed is brown or chocolate;
B) there is black liquor to discharge;
C) volume ratio of compost has reduced 2/3 to 1/2 before than compost;
D) equally loose with finger afterturn time image dry ground.
The rotten time of the heap of described compost is 45 days to 65 days.
Step a) and step b) described cut-out is processed is that wheat stalk, cogongrass, Tender Catchweed Bedstraw Herb and Root of Chinese Pulsatilla are cut to respectively 1cm-2cm length.
The method of organic wheat medical fertilizer is: carry out whole layer placement of fertilizer: the 65%-70% of the fertile total amount of medicine is made base manure, rake the soil level after spreading fertilizer over the fields, whole ground; Carrying out whole layer placement of fertilizer tillering remaining medicine fertilizer to be done to topdress to fringe by stages.The fertile total amount of described medicine is to determine according to fertility state, varieties of plant attribute, cultivation technique and the design output of wheat cultivated land, is generally 450 kg/acres-600 kg/acres.
Below the present invention will be further explained and the explanation:
Farm manure of the present invention refers to human and animal excreta (water content≤30%).
The present invention is by lot of experiments and select excellently, and it is fertile to obtain to be suitable for the medicine that the organic wheat growth cultivates, and it is particularly conducive to know-why that the organic wheat growth cultivates has:
A. control effect and mechanism (pharmacological action):
(1) the effective medicinal ingredients of Chinese azalea:
The flower of Chinese azalea contains toxic component andromedotoxin and Chinese photinia element.The leaf of Chinese azalea contains flavonoid, rhodotoxin, sparassol.It distinguishes the flavor of hot, and is poisonous.These species are the poisonous plants that include in Chinese Plants spectrum data storehouse, and its toxicity is that complete stool is poisonous, and flower and fruit toxicity are maximum.The toxicity successive dynasties book on Chinese herbal medicine of this plant is all on the books, and one of the what is called that history spreads " knockout drops " composition is exactly the flower of this kind of plant.
(2) bacteriostatic action of Chinese azalea:
According to the related documents report, the extract of Chinese azalea all has preferably restraining effect to multiple pathogenic microbes such as Bacillus proteus, green expander roll bacterium, intestinal bacteria, streptococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, cured sample bacillus.
B. Mechanism of fertilizer efficiency:
(1) green manure (green manure) is the green plants body as fertilizer.Green manure is the completely biological source of manure of a kind of nutrient.Green manure is not only the effective ways that add the source of manure, and improvement soil is also had great role.Chinese azalea among the present invention (Rhododendron molle) 10-20% belongs to green manure.
(2) wormcast: natural various organic wastes are after fermentation, under earthworm Digestive tract proteolytic enzyme, fat anti-enzyme, cellulase and diastatic effect, decompose rapidly, transform into self or be easy to the nutritive substance that other biological utilizes, after draining, become wormcast.Therefore, wormcast is the product of the Nature in essence, really can satisfy all sidedly various demands and the nutritive ingredient of plant-growth, and plant is had fabulous magical fertilizer efficiency.Wormcast is under any concentration, even very enervated seed or bed plant can not burnt because of excessive.Biologist Darwin once said " not having fertile soil except the earthworm faecal pellet ".Can change soil physics performance, biological chemical performance after using the wormcast fertilizer; And nutritive element is comprehensive.Can make clay loose, sand is condensed; Can impel the soil air circulation, accelerate microbial reproduction, be conducive to the plant absorbing nutrient; Can strengthen water conservation, nutrient preserving capability, prevent soil loss; Can sorption the salt based component play exchange interaction, prevent the harm that the use of excessive chemical fertilizer brings; Can decompose the mineral substance in the soil, for plant utilization; Mix use with other chemical fertilizer, fertilizer efficiency is permanent; Harmless to plant, people, animal, can also strengthen plant to the resistibility of disease and pest, suppress plant soil-borne diseases, improve crop quality, recover the natural flavor of crop.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1, organic wheat medical fertilizer nutrient of the present invention is complete, and especially the potassium cellulose content is high, and the lasting period is long, neither can cause the wheat overgrowing, in the situation that does not chase after ear manuer, can not cause taking off fertile early ageing yet, and can satisfy winter wheat fully to the demand of three large nutritive elements, realize high yield.
2, relative chemical fertilizer, the organic wheat medical fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is more slow, topdresses and should as far as possible early execute, under namely executing before the wheat growth peak occurs, to satisfy wheat normal growth demand.
3, use organic wheat medical fertilizer and reduced agricultural compound to the pollution of farm environment, saved investment of production, be conducive to promote green, organic farm products production, also improved simultaneously farm crop resistance, optimized quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The described a kind of organic wheat medical fertilizer of present embodiment is comprised of the raw material of following weight part (kg): Chinese azalea (Rhododendron molle) 15kg, wormcast 6kg, wheat stalk 25kg, farm manure (human and animal excreta of water content≤30%) 54kg;
According to above parts by weight of raw materials proportioning, the preparation method may further comprise the steps:
1) wheat stalk is cut off processing (2CM length is advisable).
2) wash Chinese azalea (Rhododendron molle) with water twice, airing is carried out cut-off part reason (1CM length is advisable) to wilted condition in the sun.Put into water boil 20 minutes (Rhododendron molle: the part by weight of water=1: 2), parting liquid, slag.Collect Chinese azalea juice and Chinese azalea residue with the stainless steel cask of cleaning respectively.
3) wheat stalk, wormcast, farm manure and the Rhododendron molle residue that cuts off stirred rear beginning compost, take 15CM highly as a compost face; The Rhododendron molle juice of collecting is sprayed on the compost face of 15CM height uniformly with atomizer.Compost is finished (all Rhododendron molle juice sprays simultaneously and finishes) by that analogy.
4) with plastics film compost is covered airtight good (insulation, water conservation, fertilizer conservation).The rotten time of heap was 45 days to 65 days (being determined to become thoroughly decomposed the time by the accumulated temperature total amount).
One of meet the following conditions, be compost maturity:
The heap corruption of (1) becoming thoroughly decomposed is brown or chocolate.
(2) there is black liquor to discharge.
(3) volume ratio of compost has reduced 2/3 to 1/2 before than compost.
(4) equally loose with finger afterturn time image dry ground.
Embodiment 2:
The described a kind of organic wheat medical fertilizer of present embodiment is comprised of the raw material of following weight part (kg): Chinese azalea (Rhododendron molle) 20kg, wormcast 10kg, wheat stalk 20kg, farm manure (human and animal excreta) 40kg; The preparation method of the described a kind of organic wheat medical fertilizer of present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1 with step.
Embodiment 3:
The described a kind of organic wheat medical fertilizer of present embodiment is comprised of the raw material of following weight part (kg): Chinese azalea (Rhododendron molle) 10kg, wormcast 8kg, wheat stalk 15kg, farm manure (human and animal excreta) 60kg; The preparation method of the described a kind of organic wheat medical fertilizer of present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1 with step.
Embodiment 4: the application process experiment:
One, test objective
Use organic wheat medical fertilizer in the result aspect Growth of Wheat rule, resistance performance and the output for exploring winter wheat, design and implement this test, for the winter wheat green non-pollution and organise to produce scientific basis is provided.
Two, test design
Adopt the Da Qu simultaneous test, namely whole process is used organic wheat medical fertilizer (fertile hereinafter to be referred as medicine) for processing, and whole process is used chemical fertilizer and is contrast (ck).Fertilization Structure two is processed fertile with medicine in chemical fertilizer respectively and is carried out base fertilizer and using of once topdressing.Process rate of fertilizer application such as table one.Chemical fertilizer is processed the base fertilizer of (ck) and is topdressed and is Chemical Mixed Fertilizer (N: P: K=22: 11: 12).The fertile base fertilizer of processing of medicine is medicine fertilizer with topdressing.The Da Qu area is 667m2; If three repetitions.
Rate of fertilizer application is processed in table one, test
Unit: kg/acre
Three, for the examination material
For trying wheat breed: little laying down No. 6, medicine fertilizer are organic wheat medical fertilizer (green manure 40%+ farm manure 60%), and Chemical Mixed Fertilizer is that the general goods of buying on the market is fertile.
Four, for examination field basic condition
Be positioned at 3 groups in Dong Wang village, Han Jing town, Pucheng County, height above sea level 637.2m, 12 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year for the examination field. 4013.6 ℃ of 〉=10 ℃ of accumulated temperature. phase frostless season 161-209d. parent soil material is aeolian deposit loess in the quaternary period.Earth in the quality, soil fertility are medium; Front stubble is corn, 640 kilograms of per unit area yields; Irrigation condition is general, and it is convenient to exchange.
Five, test-results economic characters comparative analysis
Become fringe phase field to survey product, indoor species test and real cutting and play in fact output tabulation two.From table two, can see, organic wheat medical fertilizer is processed, except few 1.70 ten thousand fringes of the effective fringe contrast of mu, other proterties such as spike length, grain number per spike, the equal contrast height of thousand seed weight or many 0.10cm, 0.9,1.88 grams, 27 kilograms of yield result contrast volume increase, output amplification is 11.48%, reaches than conspicuous level.Have this to show, it is sane that organic wheat medical fertilizer is processed not only growth, grows normally, and be conducive to the optimization of fringe section proterties, realizes high and stable yields.
Table two, different treatment Traits of Wheat and output is (3 are repeated mean value) relatively
Six, test-results resistance comparative analysis
Observe and investigate two whole breeding time and process the resistance performance, main resistance tabulation three.From table three as can be known, organic wheat medical fertilizer is processed and is conducive to improve the wheat comprehensive resistance, finally directly or indirectly has influence on setting percentage and thousand seed weight, and the Economic Characters of table two has also been verified this point.
Table three, resistance are relatively
Unit: %
Seven, conclusion and discussion
1, this test shows, in medium fertility or field on the upper side, and cultivation winter wheat, mu is executed 500 kilograms of organic wheat medical fertilizers, can satisfy winter wheat fully to the demand of three large nutritive elements, the realization high yield.
2, the organic wheat medical fertilizer nutrient is complete, and especially the potassium cellulose content is high, and the lasting period is long, neither can cause the wheat overgrowing, also can not cause taking off fertile early ageing in the situation that does not chase after ear manuer.
3, relative chemical fertilizer, the organic wheat medical fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is more slow, topdresses and should as far as possible early execute, under namely executing before the wheat growth peak occurs, to satisfy wheat normal growth demand.
4, use organic wheat medical fertilizer and reduced agricultural compound to the pollution of farm environment, saved investment of production, be conducive to promote green, organic farm products production, also improved simultaneously farm crop resistance, optimized quality.Therefore, Devoting Major Efforts To Developing green manure is the important step of Developing Sustainable Agriculture and circulation, sustainable agriculture.