CN106862568A - Increase and decrease material composite manufacturing apparatus and method based on electron beam fuse - Google Patents
Increase and decrease material composite manufacturing apparatus and method based on electron beam fuse Download PDFInfo
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- CN106862568A CN106862568A CN201710098076.6A CN201710098076A CN106862568A CN 106862568 A CN106862568 A CN 106862568A CN 201710098076 A CN201710098076 A CN 201710098076A CN 106862568 A CN106862568 A CN 106862568A
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- control system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing apparatus and method based on electron beam fuse, the technical problem for solving existing increase and decrease material Machining System and method poor practicability.Technical scheme is to include that electron beam increases material shaped portion, subtracts material processing part and upper computer control system.Electron beam increases material shaped portion includes electron gun, electron gun deflection control system, the container for holding wire to be processed, shower nozzle and the wire wire feeder of launching electronics beam.Subtracting material processing department point includes mechanical arm, and its end effector is equipped with fast replacing device, inner-cooled cutter and is installed on the end effector of mechanical arm, and implementation subtracts material and processes；The cooling unit being connected with inner-cooled cutter, cooling and temperature control for inner-cooled cutter.The increasing material shaped portion and subtract material processing department and grade and be placed in vacuum chamber.Present invention increase and decrease material Compound Machining, practicality is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing device based on electron beam fuse, further relate to a kind of using the device
The method for carrying out increasing and decreasing material composite manufacturing.
Background technology
The electron beam Quick-forming of metal parts is that the novel metal entity for growing up in the last few years increases material process technology.
Its principle is by the way that to the treatment of part three-dimensional digital model hierarchy slicing, the two-dimensional silhouette information and generation for obtaining each layer cross section add
Work path, using the electron beam of high-energy-density as thermal source, according to predetermined machining path, melts packing material in vacuum chamber
(metal wire material or the powder for overlaying), successively piles up, and finally realizes the near net manufacture of densified metal component.
It is general using directly by metal wire material feeding molten bath or molten when the raw material of electron beam fuse shaping are metal wire materials
Drop transition, wherein metal wire material are directly sent into manufacturing process due to there are problems that interference, haircuts, deviateing molten bath, therefore
Angle, position to metal wire material have is strict with very much；Although droplet transfer forming speed is fast, due to the splashing of liquid metal
Cause formed precision and surface quality of workpieces poor, it is difficult to accuracy of manufacture part higher, be currently only used for the system of part blank
Make.
Document 1 " application publication number is the Chinese invention patent of CN105574254A " provides a kind of increase and decrease material Compound Machining
System and method, the system increase material equipment, subtract material equipment etc. including robot, control unit, electric arc.Electric arc increasing material manufacturing process
Middle molten bath volume is larger, there is the disturbance factors such as cold conditions raw material, blow force of arc, power supply characteristic.
Electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing equipment needs vacuum environment when working, it is contemplated that the work characteristics of equipment itself, its
The disturbing factors such as high temperature, high light, X-ray, metal dust pollution, electromagnetic field are inevitably present in working environment, thus it is right
The device for subtracting material processing has requirement very high.The working environment of electron beam is produced due to foreign substance (coolant) can not be introduced
Influence, cutter will have good resistance to elevated temperatures, and industry is more using with advantages such as pollution-free and good cooling results at present
Inner-cooled cutter.
Inner-cooled cutter, i.e., arrangement has the small cooling passage imported and exported in cutter, and coolant is from entering during cutting
Mouthful enter cooling cutter in cutter body, in then returning to cooling system by outlet, coolant is not expelled directly out, so as to constitute nothing
The circulating cooling system of pollution.The average temperature of contact surface can also be predicted by measuring temperature of the coolant at import and export
Degree, realizes the on-line monitoring of cutting temperature, and the cutting temperature according to measurement can reflect the cutting state of cutter, and then to cutting
Process is controlled.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing increase and decrease material Machining System and method poor practicability, the present invention provides one kind and is based on
The increase and decrease material composite manufacturing apparatus and method of electron beam fuse.Device includes that electron beam increases material shaped portion, subtracts material processing part
And upper computer control system.Electron beam increase material shaped portion include the electron gun of launching electronics beam, electron gun deflection control system,
Hold container, shower nozzle and the wire wire feeder of wire to be processed.Subtracting material processing department point includes mechanical arm, and its end performs
Device is equipped with fast replacing device, inner-cooled cutter and is installed on the end effector of mechanical arm, and implementation subtracts material processing；With inner-cooled knife
The connected cooling unit of tool, cooling and temperature control for inner-cooled cutter.It is described to increase material shaped portion and subtract material processing department
Grade and be placed in vacuum chamber.Present invention increase and decrease material Compound Machining, practicality is good.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of increase and decrease material based on electron beam fuse is combined
Manufacture device, is characterized in：Including upper computer control system 1, mechanical arm 2, inner-cooled cutter 3, wire tray 4, wire feeder 5, appearance
Device 6, shower nozzle 7, electron gun 9, high voltage power supply 10, deflection control system 11 and motion platform 12.Described wire tray 4, wire feeder
5th, the increasing material processing of container 6, shower nozzle 7, electron gun 9, high voltage power supply 10, deflection control system 11 and the component devices of motion platform 12
Part, described mechanical arm 2 and the material that subtracts of the component devices of inner-cooled cutter 3 process part, subtract material processing part and increase material and process
Partial container 6, shower nozzle 7 and motion platform 12 are located in vacuum work room.Described motion platform 12 is arranged on the bottom of device
On seat, and can in the x, y direction move and turn about the Z axis.Vacuum workshop is that the offer pressure of electron beam 8 is 1 × 10-3Pa's
Vacuum working environment.Deflection control system 11 controls the launching electronics beam 8 of electron gun 9 to enter according to the signal of upper computer control system 1
Horizontal deflection is heated, and wire to be processed is fused into liquid, or by heating jeting area, jeting area is reached micro- molten shape
State, the underlying metal for making the liquid metal of the injection of shower nozzle 7 and successively stacking realizes metallurgical binding；Container 6 is to be processed for holding
Metal, shower nozzle 7 is connected with container 6, for the jeting area being ejected into molten metal on motion platform 12.High voltage power supply 10
Voltage for needed for electron gun 9 provides work；Be transported to wire in wire tray 4 in container 6 by wire feeder 5, liquid metal
Sprayed from shower nozzle 7.Upper computer control system 1 is electrically connected with subtract material processing part and the increasing material processing part of device, for electricity
The control of sub- rifle 9, high voltage power supply 10 and deflection control system 11；Layering of the upper computer control system 1 always according to parts to be processed
Slice thickness is controlled to the wire feed rate of wire feeder 5 and the path velocity of motion platform 12.Upper computer control system 1 is also
The cutter switching of motion and inner-cooled cutter 3 for control machinery arm 2.
The container 6 is made up of resistant to elevated temperatures ceramic material.
A kind of method for carrying out increasing and decreasing material composite manufacturing using said apparatus, is characterized in comprising the following steps：
Step one, material object parts geometrical model is set up, in the host computer that material object parts geometrical model is imported on computer
Hierarchy slicing treatment, the motion path of planning platform and the motion path of mechanical arm are carried out, upper computer control system is to increasing material
Processing part is controlled with material processing part is subtracted, and the parameter to needing control is configured；
Step 2, processing the preparatory stage, vacuumize process is carried out to vacuum workshop；Silk material is sent into and held by wire feeder
In device, electron gun is pre-processed to container；
Step 3, using the container in deflection control system control electron gun launching electronics beam steering heating, vacuum room, make
Wire in container is fused into liquid and is full of, and heats jeting area, the region is reached micro- molten state；
Step 4, control system control workbench are moved according to the path of parts to be processed section planning and are controlled spray
Head is by the metal jet of liquid to described jeting area；Shower nozzle is fixed, transfixion, and direction is vertically downward；
Step 5, the machining path planned of being cut into slices by the shape of part using the mechanical arm for subtracting material processing are added to part
Work treatment, removal part molten drop deposits unnecessary part；Motion platform is turned about the Z axis, and facilitates mechanical arm to be processed part；
Step 6, workbench reduce by one layer of thickness in Z-direction, repeat the operation of step 3, step 4 and step 5
Until obtaining final Three-dimensional Entity Components.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Apparatus of the present invention include electron beam increase material shaped portion, subtract material processing part and on
Position machine control system.Electron beam increases electron gun of the material shaped portion including launching electronics beam, electron gun deflection control system, holds
The container of wire to be processed, shower nozzle and wire wire feeder.Subtracting material processing department point includes mechanical arm, and its end effector is matched somebody with somebody
Have fast replacing device, inner-cooled cutter and be installed on the end effector of mechanical arm, implementation subtracts material processing；With inner-cooled cutter phase
Cooling unit even, cooling and temperature control for inner-cooled cutter.The increasing material shaped portion and subtract material processing department and grade
It is placed in vacuum chamber.Present invention increase and decrease material Compound Machining, practicality is good.
(1) all manufacturing procedures are completed on same a machine tool, it is to avoid originally in multi-platform processing workpiece clamping
With pick and place the brought accumulation of error, improve the accuracy of manufacture and production efficiency, while also saving workshop space, reduction is manufactured into
This.
(2) electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing device reduces requirement of the metal increasing material manufacturing to material, and precision is no longer and material
The physical size of material is directly related, depends primarily on the size and dimension of nozzle, and stock utilization can reach 100%；Vacuum ring
It is molded in border, without any protective gas, Forming Quality reliability.
(3) process equipment can carry out increasing and decreasing material work compound, the advantage in the structures such as processing curve, groove, duct
It is huge, it is possible to achieve the large-scale processing of Aero-Space precision part, meet the dimensional accuracy and surface finish requirements of workpiece to be added.
(4) subtract material processing and use inner-cooled cutter, without cutting fluid cutting, processing heat can be taken away while effectively prevent
Pollution of the cutting fluid to processing environment.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing device of the present invention based on electron beam fuse.
In figure, 1- upper computer control systems；2- mechanical arms；3- inner-cooled cutters；4- wire trays；5- wire feeders；6- containers；
7- shower nozzles；8- electron beams；9- electron guns；10- high voltage power supplies；11- deflection control systems；12- motion platforms.
Specific embodiment
Device embodiment.
Reference picture 1.Increase and decrease material composite manufacturing device of the present invention based on electron beam fuse, including to be operated in same motion flat
Electron beam on platform increases material shaped portion, subtracts material processing part and upper computer control system 1.Wherein motion platform 12 is arranged on bottom
On seat, and can in the X, Y, Z direction move and turn about the Z axis.Vacuum plant is in the preparatory stage for electron beam provides vacuum
Working environment (1 × 10-3Pa).Electron beam increases material shaped portion includes the electron gun 9 (60kV/8kW) of launching electronics beam 8；Electronics
Rifle deflection control system 11 controls electron gun launching electronics beam 8 to enter horizontal deflection heating according to the signal of upper computer control system 1, makes
Wire to be processed is fused into liquid, or by heating jeting area, jeting area is reached micro- molten state, sprays shower nozzle 7
Liquid metal and the underlying metal that successively stacks realize metallurgical binding；The container 6 of wire, for holding metal to be processed,
It is made up of resistant to elevated temperatures ceramic material；Shower nozzle 7 is used to connect above-mentioned container 6 by middleware (such as conduit), by what is melted
Jeting area on metal jet to workbench, the size of shower nozzle 7 can be designed according to actual demand；Electron beam increases material
Part also includes high voltage power supply, wire feeder 5 (silk pressing roller and wire pushing roller and its motor) etc..High voltage power supply 10 is
Stable high voltage needed for electron gun offer work；Wire feeder 5 is defeated according to the requirement of control system by the wire in wire tray 4
Be sent to fusing in container 6, wire (D2.0mm) by after aligns wheel, being arranged between silk pressing roller and wire pushing roller, and with
Two rotations of wheel to be moved to container 6, so as to realize transmission.When the metal wire material in container is fused into liquid full of container
When 6, the metal wire material of the top of container 6 feeding can play squeezing action, the metal of liquid is pressurized and sprayed from shower nozzle 7.
Electron beam increases material moulding section and is connected to upper computer control system 1, for electron gun 9, high voltage power supply, deflection control
The control of system processed 11, so as to ensure the input power of energy and the input form of control electron beam 8；Upper computer control system 1
Hierarchy slicing thickness always according to parts to be processed is carried out to the speed of the wire feed of wire feeder 5 and the path velocity of motion platform 12
Coordinate control, it is ensured that the part shape of acquisition meets the requirements.Thin-wall construction is for example processed, the thickness of slicing delamination is 15mm, fortune
The translational speed of moving platform 12 is 300mm/min, and the wire feed rate of wire feeder 5 is 900mm/min.
The mechanical arm 2 for subtracting material processing part is the high-accuracy mechanical arm of current main flow, equipped with cage, being capable of quickly spirit
Living realizes spatial movement, in the end of mechanical arm 2 with the actuator that maximum speed is 6000r/min, thereon with quick change
Device, can realize the switching and installation to other work original papers；Subtract the inner-cooled cutter 3 in material equipment, arranged in cutter
With import and export small cooling passage, during cutting coolant from entrance enter cutter body in cool down cutter, then pass through
Mouth is returned in cooling system, and coolant is not expelled directly out, so that free of contamination circulating cooling system is constituted, in entering for coolant
The sensor elements equipped with testing temperature are exported, the temperature of coolant is imported and exported for measuring, upper computer control system 1 is to data
After being processed and then predict and cut the mean temperature of knife-bits contact surface, monitor in real time of the realization to temperature；Cooling system is adopted
It is cooling medium with liquid nitrogen；The cutter of motion and end fast replacing device that upper computer control system 1 is used for control machinery arm 2 is cut
Change；Equipped with conventional inner-cooled cutter 3 in tool magazine；Operating personnel are entered by computer interface to the increase and decrease material process of whole device
Row control.
Embodiment of the method.
A kind of method for carrying out increasing and decreasing material composite manufacturing using device embodiment described device, specifically includes following steps：
1) solid geometry model of part is set up, hierarchy slicing is carried out in the host computer that part model is imported on computer
Treatment, the motion path of planning platform and the motion path of mechanical arm, upper computer control system is by according to the result after treatment
It is controlled to increasing material moulding section and subtracting material processing part, the parameter to needing control is configured；
2) preparatory stage started in processing, vacuumize process is carried out to working space；Silk material is sent into and held by wire feeder
In device, electron gun is pre-processed to container；
3) using the container in deflection control system control electron gun launching electronics beam steering heating, vacuum room, make in container
Wire be fused into liquid and be full of, and heat jeting area, the region is reached micro- molten state；
4) control system control workbench is moved according to the path of parts to be processed section planning and is controlled shower nozzle to incite somebody to action
The metal jet of liquid is to described jeting area；Shower nozzle is fixed, transfixion, and direction is vertically downward；
5) place is processed to part by the machining path of the shape section planning of part using the mechanical arm for subtracting material processing
Reason, removal part molten drop deposits unnecessary part, improves the precision of processing；Motion platform can be turned about the Z axis, and facilitate mechanical arm
Part is processed；
6) workbench reduces by one layer of thickness in Z-direction, repeats operation 3), 4) He 5) until obtaining final three-dimensional
Entity component；
When the simple structure of parts to be processed, when directly carrying out subtracting material processing and will not produce interference, can also increase material
After machining, the processing of relieved portions point is being carried out to part, to improve the machining accuracy and efficiency and Simplified flowsheet work of part
Sequence.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of increase and decrease material composite manufacturing device based on electron beam fuse, it is characterised in that：Including upper computer control system
(1), mechanical arm (2), inner-cooled cutter (3), wire tray (4), wire feeder (5), container (6), shower nozzle (7), electron gun (9), height
Voltage source (10), deflection control system (11) and motion platform (12)；Described wire tray (4), wire feeder (5), container (6),
The increasing material of shower nozzle (7), electron gun (9), high voltage power supply (10), deflection control system (11) and motion platform (12) component devices adds
The Ministry of worker point, described mechanical arm (2) and the material that subtracts of inner-cooled cutter (3) component devices process part, subtract material processing part and increase
Material processes container (6), shower nozzle (7) and the motion platform (12) of part in vacuum work room；Described motion platform (12)
It is arranged on the base of device, and can in the x, y direction moves and turn about the Z axis；Vacuum workshop provides for electron beam (8)
Pressure is 1 × 10-3The vacuum working environment of Pa；Deflection control system (11) is controlled according to the signal of upper computer control system (1)
Electron gun (9) launching electronics beam (8) enter horizontal deflection heating, wire to be processed is fused into liquid, or by heating inlet zone
Domain, makes jeting area reach micro- molten state, makes shower nozzle (7) liquid metal for spraying and the underlying metal realization metallurgy for successively stacking
With reference to；Container (6) is connected for holding metal to be processed, shower nozzle (7) with container (6), for molten metal to be ejected into fortune
Jeting area on moving platform (12)；Voltage of the high voltage power supply (10) for needed for electron gun (9) provides work；Wire feeder (5)
Wire in wire tray (4) is transported in container (6), liquid metal sprays from shower nozzle (7)；Upper computer control system (1) with
Subtracting material processing part and increasing material processing part for device is electrically connected, for electron gun (9), high voltage power supply (10) and deflection control
The control of system (11)；Upper computer control system (1) always according to parts to be processed hierarchy slicing thickness to wire feeder (5)
The path velocity of wire feed rate and motion platform (12) is controlled；Upper computer control system (1) is additionally operable to control machinery arm (2)
Motion and inner-cooled cutter (3) cutter switching.
2. the increase and decrease material composite manufacturing device based on electron beam fuse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The appearance
Device (6) is made up of resistant to elevated temperatures ceramic material.
3. it is a kind of using claim 1 described device carry out increase and decrease material composite manufacturing method, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step one, material object parts geometrical model is set up, carried out in the host computer that material object parts geometrical model is imported on computer
Hierarchy slicing treatment, the motion path of planning platform and the motion path of mechanical arm, upper computer control system is to increasing material processing
Part is controlled with material processing part is subtracted, and the parameter to needing control is configured；
Step 2, processing the preparatory stage, vacuumize process is carried out to vacuum workshop；Silk material is sent into container by wire feeder
In, electron gun is pre-processed to container；
Step 3, using the container in deflection control system control electron gun launching electronics beam steering heating, vacuum room, make container
Interior wire is fused into liquid and is full of, and heats jeting area, the region is reached micro- molten state；
Step 4, control system control workbench are moved according to the path of parts to be processed section planning and are controlled shower nozzle to incite somebody to action
The metal jet of liquid is to described jeting area；Shower nozzle is fixed, transfixion, and direction is vertically downward；
Step 5, the machining path planned of being cut into slices by the shape of part using the mechanical arm for subtracting material processing are processed place to part
Reason, removal part molten drop deposits unnecessary part；Motion platform is turned about the Z axis, and facilitates mechanical arm to be processed part；
Step 6, workbench in Z-direction one layer of thickness of reduction, repeat the operation of step 3, step 4 and step 5 until
Obtain final Three-dimensional Entity Components.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710098076.6A CN106862568A (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2017-02-23 | Increase and decrease material composite manufacturing apparatus and method based on electron beam fuse |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710098076.6A CN106862568A (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2017-02-23 | Increase and decrease material composite manufacturing apparatus and method based on electron beam fuse |
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Cited By (9)
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| CN107443223A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-12-08 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of double metal increases material and milling composite manufacture device |
| CN108511238A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-09-07 | 北京梦之墨科技有限公司 | A kind of thin film switch and its device and method for preparing thin film switch |
| CN109202076A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-15 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of Collaborative Control plasma machine people increases and decreases material composite manufacture device and method |
| CN110576251A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-17 | 清华大学 | Three-dimensional reconstruction method and device for part morphology in electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process |
| CN111250855A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-09 | 宁夏中科农副产品辐照中心有限公司 | Electron beam processing system with multi-electron beam center wire feeding |
| CN111867842A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-10-30 | 格拉纳特研究有限公司 | Metal droplet injection system |
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