CN105922571A - Plasma 3D rapid molding equipment and molding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses selective plasma 3D rapid molding equipment and a molding method. The equipment comprises a monitoring system, a plasma beam processing system, and a horizontal printing table for placing a workpiece to be molded. The plasma beam processing system includes a plasma generator, a gas supply device and a wire sending device for continuous sending of wire to be processed. The monitoring system includes a position adjustment controller, a temperature detection unit, a distance detection unit and a printing distance adjusting controller. The temperature detection unit and the printing distance adjusting controller form a temperature control device. The method comprises the following steps: 1, acquisition of a 3D model of a workpiece to be molded, and hierarchical slicing processing; 2, scanning path filling; 3, printing path acquisition; and 4, printing layer by layer from top to bottom. The invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple operation, high molding efficiency, good usage effect, no need of enclosed moulding chamber, protection atmosphere or vacuum environment, and direct molding of workpiece in atmosphere environment.

Description

A kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment and forming method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rapid shaping technique field, especially relate to a kind of plasma 3D rapid shaping and set Standby and forming method.

Background technology

At present, domestic and international metal parts rapid shaping technique is mainly precinct laser fusion rapid molding skill Art (Selective laser melting, SLM).The U.S. such as Patent No. US7047098 is special Profit " PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A SHAPED BODY BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING " in describe a kind of precinct laser utilizing three-dimensional digital model to manufacture fine and close part in detail Fusing manufacturing process and equipment thereof.The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN 102266942A is " directly Manufacture the precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of heavy parts " disclose a kind of directly large-scale cause of manufacture The precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of close part, this equipment mainly includes laser array, optics Systems array, moulding cylinder, moulding cylinder three-dimensional zone heating insulation construction, moulding cylinder weight balancing system System, substrate levelling device, double back receive cylinder, double storage powder case, double quantitative powder feeding and powder discharging device, paving powder Device, protective atmosphere cover, gas purge system, control system.Publication No. CN1603031A Chinese invention patent " a kind of Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method and device thereof " is open A kind of Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method and device thereof, this device includes quasiconductor LD pumped YAG lasers or optical fiber laser, light beam focusing system, profiled member cylinder and powder cylinder, partly lead Body LD pumped YAG lasers or optical fiber laser are connected with light beam focusing system, and focus on and scan in one-tenth Type part cylinder, profiled member cylinder is connected with powder cylinder by paving powder roller, and paving powder roller connects driving electricity Machine, drives motor to be connected with computer.The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN103071795A " mobile galvanometer selective laser melting SLM former " discloses a kind of mobile galvanometer selectivity and swashs Light fusing SLM former, this equipment includes by communication line with the X-axis with cross slide way group The digital control system that linear electric motors are connected with the Y-axis linear electric motors of longitudinal rail group, X-axis linear electric motors Constituting turntable driving structure with Y-axis linear electric motors, this turntable driving structure is with laser bundle-enlarging collimation mirror Group drive connection, snaps in galvanometer unit bottom laser bundle-enlarging collimation mirror group, arranges below galvanometer unit There is shaping work package, be provided with noble gas gas curtain shaping between work package and galvanometer unit.

The basic functional principle of precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment is: first utilize on computers The three-dimensional entity model that the 3D sculpting softwares such as Pro/e, UG, CATIA design part is (i.e. three-dimensional vertical Body Model), then by Slice Software, this threedimensional model is carried out hierarchy slicing, obtain each cross section Outline data, is generated by outline data and fills scanning pattern, and tile in working cylinder certain thickness powder End, according to the control of computer, laser beam by the way of vibration mirror scanning according to three-dimensional parts figure Slicing treatment result optionally melt fore-put powder layer；Subsequently, working cylinder declines certain distance also Again spreading powder, laser beam 3-D graphic again according to parts under the drive of galvanometer completes parts The manufacture of next layer；So repeat to spread degradation operation under powder, scanning and working cylinder, thus realize three-dimensional The manufacture of parts.

Nowadays, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology is primarily present following three aspect problems:

The first, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, to avoid The oxidation of metal parts in forming process.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding device structure complicated, Forming part size is restricted, and energy source Optical Maser System price is high, and former is expensive.

The second, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs to spread the moulding cylinder system of powder.This makes constituency Laser fusion rapid molding device structure is complicated, and not only forming part size is restricted, and molding Inefficient.

3rd, in order to ensure part mechanical property, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs flowing The globular metallic powder that property is good.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment operating cost the highest.

It addition, the Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN101885063A " laser cladding forming equipment And a kind of laser cladding forming method of metal parts " disclose the fast rapid-result of a kind of laser melting coating silk material Type method and equipment thereof, this equipment mainly includes the workbench of three-dimensional motion, laser device, wire feed Device and control system.Wherein, wire feeder includes pinching running roller pair, pinches the drivewheel of running roller pair It is connected with motor, controls wire feed direction by a three-dimensional regulation device.Control system includes multiaxis Motion control card, multi-axis motion control card fills with motor, table drive motor and laser respectively Put connection.Forming method includes the steps such as modeling, instruction conversion, slice forming and deposition modeling, logical Crossing laser motlten metal silk, form molten drop, molten drop piles up cooling on the table, and transports with workbench Dynamic formation thin slice, each thin slice deposits the most from level to level and forms 3-dimensional metal part.

But, above-mentioned laser cladding forming Apparatus and method for is primarily present following three aspect problems:

The first, laser can not protect molten drop, needs to lead to protective gas at wire feeding mouth, and protective gas holds Easily cool down molten drop, molten drop solidification and layering molding are had a negative impact, causes 3-dimensional metal part power Performance is relatively low.

The second, laser power is low and diameter wiry is big, it is difficult to realize ceramic composite materials zero The rapid shaping of part.

3rd, due to surface tension reason, produce rounded constrictions during molten drop cooled and solidified molding, cause Piece surface is rough.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, it is provided that one Kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment, its simple in construction, reasonable in design and use easy and simple to handle, become Type efficiency is high, using effect is good, it is not necessary to airtight forming room, and need not protective atmosphere or vacuum ring Border, Workpiece shaping process is directly carried out under atmospheric environment.

For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of plasma 3D is quick Former, it is characterised in that: by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing with for work to be formed The horizontal stamp pad composition that part is placed；

Described plasma beam system of processing by be provided with shower nozzle and for produce beam-plasma etc. from Daughter generator, provide the feeder of working gas for described plasma generator, for continuously The wire feeder sending processed silk material and the print position adjusting apparatus that print position is adjusted Composition, described plasma generator and described wire feeder are respectively positioned on above horizontal stamp pad, described Wire feeder is positioned at described plasma generator side；Described feeder passes through air supply pipe with described The air inlet opened on plasma generator connects；The outer end of described processed silk material is melting end, Described melting end is positioned at below the outlet of described shower nozzle and it is positioned at the central axis of described beam-plasma On；Described print position adjusting apparatus includes driving described plasma generator and described wire feeder Synchronize horizontally moving device and drive described plasma generator, the institute moved in the horizontal plane State wire feeder and described horizontally moving device synchronizing moving outlet and the water tackling described shower nozzle mutually The printing distance adjusting means that distance between flat stamp pad is adjusted, described plasma generator It is installed on described horizontally moving device with described wire feeder, and described horizontally moving device is installed In described printing distance adjusting means；

What described monitoring system included being controlled described horizontally moving device move horizontally controller, Treat temperature detecting unit that molding workpiece surface temperature detects in real time, described shower nozzle is gone out Mouthful and horizontal stamp pad between the distance detector unit that detects in real time of distance and to described printing Printing that distance adjusting means is controlled distance regulation controller, described in move horizontally controller and institute Stating horizontally moving device to connect, the described distance that prints regulates controller and described printing distance adjusting means Connecting, described temperature detecting unit and distance detector unit are all connected apart from regulation controller with printing； Described temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing distance regulation controller.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment, is characterized in that: described monitoring system also includes The plasma generator controller that described plasma generator is controlled, the gas stream to air supply pipe Measure the detection of gas flow rate unit detected in real time and the flow control valve installed on air supply pipe is entered The gas flow controller that row controls, described plasma generator controller and described plasma generator Connecting, described detection of gas flow rate unit is connected with gas flow controller.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment, is characterized in that: described plasma generator Including plasma gun, described shower nozzle is the anode nozzle of plasma gun front end；Described plasma gun includes Have the gun body of described air inlet, be positioned at the anode nozzle of gun body dead ahead and be plugged in the moon of gun body Pole, described anode nozzle is positioned on front side of negative electrode, and described arc chamber is positioned on front side of negative electrode and it is positioned at anode The posterior medial of nozzle, the front inner of described anode nozzle is spout；Described anode nozzle, negative electrode All lay in coaxial with gun body with arc chamber；Described air inlet is positioned on rear side of gun body, described spout and rifle Body in coaxial lay or and gun body central axis between angle be 30 °～45 °.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment, is characterized in that: described wire feeder includes Portion is wound with the wire tray of processed silk material, the wire feeder carrying processed silk material and to described The wire feed drive mechanism that wire feeder is driven, described wire feeder is positioned at inside wire tray and with described Wire feeder connects；Described wire tray is coaxially mounted in rotating shaft and can rotate around described rotating shaft.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment, is characterized in that: described wire feeder is wire feed Roller, described wire pushing roller includes that active roller group and return idler group, described active roller group include Two are driven by wire feed drive mechanism and active roller that rotation direction is contrary, described driven rolling Wheels include that two rotation directions are contrary and lay respectively at the return idler of processed silk material both sides, described Active roller group is positioned at described return idler group side, and two described active rollers lay respectively at processed Silk material both sides；

Described monitoring system also includes the speed detected the wire feed rate of processed silk material in real time Detector unit and the wire feed rate controller that wire feed drive mechanism is controlled, described velocity measuring list Unit is connected with wire feed rate controller.

Above-mentioned a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment, is characterized in that: described plasma generator Angle between central axis and the vertical plane of the beam-plasma produced is not more than 45 °；Described printing away from From adjusting means be along the central axis of described beam-plasma described shower nozzle is adjusted up and down upper Lower adjusting apparatus, described distance detector unit is from described spray to the central axis along described beam-plasma The distance detection device that the distance exported between horizontal stamp pad of head detects in real time；

Described horizontal stamp pad is the shifting being arranged on stamp pad position regulator and moving up and down Moving platform；

Described monitoring system also includes that the position being controlled described stamp pad position regulator is adjusted Whole controller, described position adjustment controller is connected with described stamp pad position regulator.

Meanwhile, invention additionally discloses a kind of method step simple, reasonable in design and realize convenient, use Effective plasma 3D quick molding method, it is characterised in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Step one, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtain and hierarchy slicing processes: use at data Reason equipment and call image processing module obtain workpiece to be formed three-dimensional stereo model, recall layering Section module is treated as the three-dimensional stereo model of type workpiece and carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering and cut Face image；

Multiple described layering cross-sectional images are to treat the three-dimensional stereo model of shaping workpiece to carry out layering and cut Obtaining the image in multiple layering cross section after sheet, multiple described layering cross sections are the most uniformly laid；

Step 2, scanning pattern are filled: use data handling equipment and call described image processing module, Described layering cross-sectional images multiple in step one are respectively processed, and complete multiple described layering and cut The scanning pattern filling process in face, it is thus achieved that the scanning pattern in multiple described layering cross sections；

Step 3, printing path obtain: described data handling equipment is multiple according to obtain in step 2 The scanning pattern in described layering cross section, it is thus achieved that the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections；Each described The printing path in layering cross section is all identical with the scanning pattern in this layering cross section；

Step 4, the most successively printing: according to the multiple described layering cross section obtained in step 3 Printing path, the most successively treat shaping workpiece and print, it is thus achieved that by multiple shape layers by Under the finished workpart of supreme stacking；The quantity of described shape layer and layering cross section described in step one Quantity identical, the installation position of multiple described shape layers respectively with the laying in multiple described layering cross sections Position one_to_one corresponding and its thickness are the most identical, and the thickness of described shape layer is cut with adjacent two described layerings Distance between face is identical, and in step 3, the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections is respectively multiple institute State the printing path of shape layer；Treating shaping workpiece when printing, process is as follows:

Step 401, bottom print: described in move horizontally controller according to acquired working as in step 3 The printing path of front institute printing shaping layer, is controlled described horizontally moving device and drives described etc. Plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane；Described plasma is sent out In raw device moving process in the horizontal plane synchronize with described wire feeder, the processing of described plasma beam is Interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream and is sprayed onto continuously on horizontal stamp pad by system；Liquid stream to be melted is the most solidifying After Gu, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer；

In this step, current institute printing shaping layer is the molding being positioned at bottommost in multiple described shape layer Layer；

Step 402, last layer print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down: horizontal stamp pad in the vertical direction is carried out once to Lower movement and move down height the most identical with the thickness of described shape layer；

Step 4022, print and synchronize temperature control: described in move horizontally controller and obtained according in step 3 The printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer taken, is controlled described horizontally moving device and drives Described plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane；Described grade from In daughter generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronize with described wire feeder, described plasma beam Interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream and is sprayed onto the most printed next one continuously by system of processing On the upper surface of described shape layer；After melted liquid stream all solidifies, complete current institute printing shaping layer Print procedure；

In this step, described plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane During, by the temperature detecting unit upper surface to the most printed described shape layer of the next one Temperature detects and by detected temperature information synchronous driving in real time to printing distance regulation controller, By distance detector unit, described shower nozzle is exported the distance between horizontal stamp pad to carry out simultaneously The range information synchronous driving detected also extremely is printed distance regulation controller by detection in real time；Described beat Print the temperature information detected apart from regulation controller according to temperature detecting unit and by described in control The distance that described shower nozzle is exported between horizontal stamp pad by printing distance adjusting means is adjusted, The upper surface temperature making the most printed described shape layer of the next one is not higher than workpiece to be formed 0.6 times of material fusing point；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 Tong Bu with described wire feeder On horizontal plane in moving process, processed silk material is sent by described wire feeder continuously, passes through institute simultaneously The melting end of processed silk material is melted by the beam-plasma stating the generation of plasma beam system of processing, And the molten melt drop making the fusing of described melting end be formed continuously and forms liquid stream；Described liquid stream is distributed in In described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of the melted liquid stream of band in being formed；

Step 403, step 402 is repeated several times, until completing beating of all shape layers of workpiece to be formed Print process.

Said method, is characterized in that: before the most successively printing in step 4, institute in step one State data handling equipment first according to the material fusing point pre-build and printing range data storehouse, and combine logical Cross the Material Name of the workpiece to be formed that parameter input unit pre-enters, treat the basis of shaping workpiece Printing distance is determined；Described parameter input unit connects with described data handling equipment；

In described material fusing point and printing range data storehouse, storage has the material fusing point of various material and beats Print range information, material fusing point and the printing range information of every kind of described material all include this kind of material Title, fusing point and basis print distance；It is 5mm～1000mm that described basis prints distance, and material Fusing point is the highest, and it is the nearest that basis prints distance；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the described distance regulation controller that prints is according to distance inspection Survey the range information that detected of unit and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by described shower nozzle Outlet with horizontal stamp pad between distance be adjusted to described basis print distance；The end in step 401 In layer print procedure, the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad of described shower nozzle is that described basis prints Distance；

Before carrying out in step 4022 printing and synchronizing temperature control, the described distance that prints regulates controller root According to the distance range information that detected of detector unit and combine horizontal stamp pad move down number of times with Move down height every time, and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of described shower nozzle And the distance between the upper surface of the most printed described shape layer of the next one is adjusted to described base Plinth prints distance；The distance exported described shower nozzle between horizontal stamp pad in step 4022 is entered During row regulation, the temperature information that described printing distance regulation controller is detected according to temperature detecting unit And combine the distance range information that detected of detector unit to the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal stamp pad Between distance be adjusted, make the upper surface temperature of the currently the most printed described shape layer of the next one Control between 0.1 times～0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece to be formed；Further, to described shower nozzle Outlet with horizontal stamp pad between distance be adjusted time, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm～60mm, and Material fusing point is the highest, and the amplitude of accommodation is the least.

Said method, is characterized in that: described wire feeder includes that top is wound with the silk of processed silk material Dish, the wire feeder that processed silk material is carried and the wire feed that described wire feeder is driven Drive mechanism, described wire feeder is positioned at inside wire tray and is connected with described wire feeder；Described wire tray It is coaxially mounted in rotating shaft and can rotate around described rotating shaft；

Described monitoring system also includes that the plasma being controlled described plasma generator occurs Detection of gas flow rate unit that controller, gas flow to air supply pipe detect in real time, to supply The gas flow controller that the flow control valve installed on pipe is controlled, the wire feed to processed silk material Speed detection unit and the wire feed being controlled wire feed drive mechanism that speed detects in real time are fast Degree controller, described speed detection unit is connected with wire feed rate controller, and described plasma is controlled Device processed is connected with described plasma generator, and described detection of gas flow rate unit controls with gas flow Device connects, and described distance detector unit is connected with gas flow controller；

In step 4 the most successively print before, data handling equipment elder generation described in step one according to The gas flow pre-build and wire feed rate data base, and combine described shape layer set in advance Thickness, is determined the base gas flow of air supply pipe and the wire feed rate of described wire feeder；

Described gas flow and wire feed rate databases contain the shape layer institute of multiple different thickness The wire feed rate needed and base gas flow；Described base gas flow be 5ml/min～ 500ml/min, and the wire feed rate of described wire feeder is the biggest, described base gas flow is the biggest；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 Tong Bu with described wire feeder On horizontal plane in moving process, the wire feed rate of described wire feeder is carried out by described speed detection unit Detected synchronizing information is also sent to wire feed rate controller by detection in real time, and described wire feed rate controls Device is according to the wire feed rate of predetermined described wire feeder and combines speed detection unit and is detected Wire feed drive mechanism is controlled by information, makes the wire feed rate of described wire feeder all with predetermined Wire feed rate identical；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, described gas flow controller is examined according to gas flow Survey the detected information of unit and by controlling flow control valve, the gas flow of air supply pipe be adjusted to institute State base gas flow；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of described air supply pipe is Described base gas flow；

Step 4022 is carried out print and synchronize in temperature control process, described gas flow controller according to The detected information of detection of gas flow rate unit also combines distance detector unit institute detecting distance information, and logical Cross control flow control valve and the gas flow of air supply pipe is carried out increase and decrease adjustment；Further, described shower nozzle Distance between outlet and horizontal stamp pad is the biggest, and the gas flow of described air supply pipe is the biggest.

Said method, is characterized in that: plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 In moving process in the horizontal plane synchronize with described wire feeder, the wire feed rate of described processed silk material For 0.1m/min～10m/min, a diameter of 0.02mm～10mm of described processed silk material；Described quilt The diameter of processed filament material is the biggest, and wire feed rate is the slowest；And the material fusing point of processed silk material is the highest, send Silk speed is the slowest；

Before step 4 the most successively prints, the melting end of processed silk material is printed with level Distance between platform is adjusted to wire feed height set in advance, and described wire feed height is 5mm～1000mm； In step 4 the most successively in print procedure, the melting end height of processed silk material is constant.

The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that

1, the plasma 3D rapid forming equipment simple in construction used, reasonable in design and input cost It is convenient that relatively low, processing and fabricating and installing is laid.

2, the plasma 3D rapid forming equipment used is without airtight forming room, and need not protect Protecting atmosphere or vacuum environment, Workpiece shaping process is directly carried out under atmospheric environment.Thus, structure is non- The simplest, and forming part size is unrestricted, and equipment price is relatively low.

3, the printed material (the most processed silk material) of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment supplies at energy In the beam-plasma of source (the drop plasma beam of material), it is not necessary to the moulding cylinder system of paving powder is not required to Powder system to be spread a, it is only necessary to wire feeder, structure significantly simplifies.

4, the plasma 3D rapid forming equipment used uses easy and simple to handle, intelligence degree and one-tenth Type efficiency is high, using effect is good, and the quality of institute's shaping workpiece is high.It is right that the monitoring system used includes Position adjustment controller that stamp pad position regulator is controlled, treat molding workpiece surface temperature Degree detect in real time temperature detecting unit, shower nozzle is exported the distance between horizontal stamp pad The distance detector unit that detects in real time and to print printing that distance adjusting means is controlled away from From regulation controller, position adjustment controller is connected with stamp pad position regulator, prints distance and adjusts Joint controller with print distance adjusting means be connected, temperature detecting unit and apart from detector unit all with beat Print distance regulation controller connects；Temperature detecting unit is adjusted with printing distance regulation controller composition temperature Control device.During actually used, the printing distance regulation controller in temperature regulation system is according to temperature Spend the detected information of detector unit and be controlled printing distance adjusting means so that printing distance can be certainly Adapt to regulation, so can prevent because printing hypotelorism causes the shape layer printed to occur again The problem of fusing, and also can prevent because printing that the formed precision that causes of hypertelorism is relatively low, fused solution Flow, before being sprayed onto next printable layer upper surface, the problems such as solidification occur so that forming process is prone to control System, and realize conveniently, effectively preventing surface of the work from aoxidizing, thus airtight without arranging. simultaneously Vacuum environment.It addition, the monitoring system used also includes gas flow Automatic adjusument and wire feed Speed adaptive regulatory function, intelligence degree is high.

5, the energy source that plasma 3D rapid forming equipment uses is beam-plasma, beam-plasma power Up to tens of kilowatt, metal, pottery, resin and other composite can be melted, it is achieved above-mentioned material The 3D of material part prints.Produce plasma generator (specifically plasma gun) knot of beam-plasma Structure is simple, and operation expense is low, and equipment cost is low.

6, the molten melt drop of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment institute printed material is in plasma beam, Beam-plasma itself has protective effect, adds the effect of working gas, can effectively prevent from printing material The oxidation of material, this equipment need not protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, directly uses under atmospheric environment, There is the advantages such as device structure is simple, operating cost is low, forming part size is unrestricted.

7, plasma 3D rapid forming equipment use wire feeder processed silk material is delivered to continuously etc. from In son bundle, printed material low cost.

8, when plasma 3D rapid forming equipment prints, materials behavior is become solid-state, technique by settable liquid Process simplification, reduces technology difficulty and cost that 3D prints.Meanwhile, working gas (wait from Son bundle include unionized working gas) effect under, the melting end of processed silk material is at beam-plasma Interior heating is also fused into molten condition and forms small drop, and the molten melt drop after fusing continuously and is formed Liquid stream and spraying in the lump with beam-plasma, the plasma beam of the melted liquid stream of band in being formed；Owing to being added After the melted liquid stream that work silk material is formed after fusing sprays with beam-plasma, in being formed, band printed material melts Melt the microstream of liquid stream, form casting type molding, it is to avoid the circle produced during molten drop cooled and solidified molding Shape shrinkage phenomenon, part mechanical property is high, and smooth surface reduces the technology difficulty of rapid shaping.

The plasma 3D quick molding method step 9, used is simple, reasonable in design and realization is convenient, Using effect is good, and beam-plasma has protective effect, it is not necessary to protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, directly Print under atmospheric environment.Further, printed material supply (material in energy source beam-plasma Melted liquid stream plasma beam), it is not necessary to paving powder moulding cylinder system.During printing, materials behavior Being become solid-state by settable liquid, technical process simplifies, and reduces technology difficulty and cost that 3D prints, And it is the most size-limited to print part.As shown in the above, the present invention is to traditional plasma Overlaying method substantially improves, and existing plasma surfacing method is generally individually provided with plasma arc Pressure Height-adjusting device, plasma gun is not more than 15mm with the distance of surface of the work, and the scope of application is limited.And this In invention, print distance can on a large scale in be adjusted, adapt to unlike material print demand, and Workpiece shaping quality can be effectively ensured.

Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 3 is the schematic block circuit diagram of monitoring system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of air inlet ring of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of air inlet ring body of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the FB(flow block) of plasma 3D quick molding method of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Description of reference numerals:

1 feeder；2 processed materials；3 workpiece to be formed；

4 horizontal stamp pads；5 air supply pipes；6 wire trays；

7 plasma generator controllers；8 distance detector units；9 temperature detecting units；

10 print distance regulation controller；11 detection of gas flow rate unit；

12 gas flow controllers；13 plasma guns；13-1 gun body；

13-2 anode nozzle；13-3 negative electrode；13-4 arc chamber；

13-5 spout；13-6 insulating barrier；14 wire feed drive mechanisms；

15 position adjustment controllers；16 three axis numerically controlled machines；About 17 adjusting apparatus；

18 speed detection unit；19 wire pushing rollers；20 wire feed rate controllers；

21 air inlet rings；21-1 air inlet ring body；21-2 annular sealing cover；

21-3 annular air inlet duct；Air inlet outside 21-4；Air inlet inside 21-5；

22 three-dimensional regulation supports；22-1 X-axis travel mechanism；

22-2 Y-axis moving mechanism；23 PCs；24 move horizontally controller；

25 flow control valves.

Detailed description of the invention

A kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment as shown in Figure 1, by monitoring system, plasma beam System of processing and the horizontal stamp pad 4 placed for workpiece 3 to be formed form.

Described plasma beam system of processing by be provided with shower nozzle and for produce beam-plasma etc. from Daughter generator, provide the feeder 1 of working gas for described plasma generator, for even The continuous wire feeder sending processed silk material 2 and the print position being adjusted print position adjust dress Put composition, described plasma generator and described wire feeder and be respectively positioned on above horizontal stamp pad 4, Described wire feeder is positioned at described plasma generator side；Described feeder 1 passes through air supply pipe 5 are connected with the air inlet opened on described plasma generator；The outer end of described processed silk material 2 For melting end, described melting end is positioned at below the outlet of described shower nozzle and it is positioned at described beam-plasma On central axis；Described print position adjusting apparatus includes driving described plasma generator with described Wire feeder synchronizes horizontally moving device and the described plasma of drive moved in the horizontal plane Generator, described wire feeder and described horizontally moving device synchronizing moving also tackle described shower nozzle mutually Export the printing distance adjusting means that is adjusted of distance between horizontal stamp pad 4, described grade from Daughter generator and described wire feeder are installed on described horizontally moving device, and described level is moved Dynamic device is arranged in described printing distance adjusting means.Described processed silk material 2 is printed material.

As it is shown on figure 3, described monitoring system includes the level being controlled described horizontally moving device Mobile controller 24, treat the temperature detecting unit that shaping workpiece 3 upper surface temperature detects in real time 9, described shower nozzle is exported the distance inspection that the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 detects in real time Survey unit 8 and the printing distance regulation controller 10 that described printing distance adjusting means is controlled, The described controller 24 that moves horizontally is connected with described horizontally moving device, and the described distance that prints regulates control Device 10 processed is connected with described printing distance adjusting means, described temperature detecting unit 9 and distance detection Unit 8 is all connected apart from regulation controller 10 with printing；Described temperature detecting unit 9 with print away from Temperature control device is formed from regulation controller 10.Described temperature detecting unit 9 be to described grade from What at sub-line system of processing print position on workpiece 3 to be formed, temperature detected in real time is infrared Temperature sensor.Described distance detector unit 8 is laser range sensor.

In the present embodiment, described horizontally moving device includes driving described plasma generator with described Wire feeder synchronizes X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 and the drive institute carrying out moving horizontally in the X-axis direction State the plasma generator Y-axis that in the Y-axis direction carry out move horizontally Tong Bu with described wire feeder Travel mechanism 22-2, thus described horizontally moving device is X-Y shaft moving device.

Further, described plasma generator and described wire feeder are installed in Y-axis moving mechanism On 22-2, described Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 is arranged on X-axis travel mechanism 22-1, described X Axle travel mechanism 22-1 is arranged in described printing distance adjusting means.During actually used, logical Crossing Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 drives described plasma generator Tong Bu with described wire feeder at Y Move horizontally on direction of principal axis, by X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 drive Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, Described plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved horizontally in the X-axis direction, and And drive described horizontally moving device, described plasma to occur by described printing distance adjusting means Device is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved on the central axis of described beam-plasma.

In the present embodiment, described Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 and described beat Print distance adjusting means composition drives described plasma generator (specifically plasma gun 13) and institute State wire feeder and synchronize to carry out the mechanical hand of three-dimensional motion.

In the present embodiment, described monitoring system also includes being controlled described plasma generator The gas flow inspection that plasma generator controller 7, gas flow to air supply pipe 5 detect in real time Survey unit 11 and the gas flow being controlled the flow control valve 25 installed on air supply pipe 5 controls Device 12, described plasma generator controller 7 is connected with described plasma generator, described gas stream Amount detection unit 11 is connected with gas flow controller 12.

As in figure 2 it is shown, described plasma generator includes plasma gun 13, described shower nozzle for wait from The anode nozzle 13-2 of sub-rifle 13 front end.Described plasma gun 13 includes the rifle having described air inlet Body 13-1, it is positioned at the anode nozzle 13-2 of gun body 13-1 dead ahead and is plugged in gun body 13-1 Negative electrode 13-3, described anode nozzle 13-2 are positioned on front side of negative electrode 13-3, described arc chamber 13-4 position On front side of negative electrode 13-3 and it is positioned at the posterior medial of anode nozzle 13-2, described anode nozzle 13-2 Front inner be spout 13-5；Described anode nozzle 13-2, negative electrode 13-3 and arc chamber 13-4 All lay in coaxial with gun body 13-1；Described air inlet is positioned on rear side of gun body 13-1, described spout 13-5 With gun body 13-1 in coaxial lay or and described gun body 13-1 central axis between angle be 30 °～ 45°。

Time actually used, described plasma gun 13 is arranged in Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2.

Time actually used, described plasma gun 13 can also use other plasma gun of routine.

In the present embodiment, between described anode nozzle 13-2 and gun body 13-1, it is provided with insulating barrier 13-6.

In the present embodiment, as in figure 2 it is shown, described spout 13-5 lays in coaxial with gun body 13-1.

In the present embodiment, described air supply pipe 5 is by air inlet ring 21 and described plasma generator The air inlet opened connects.Further, by air inlet ring 21 in described plasma generator uniformly Supply.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, described air inlet ring 21 for annular and it include air inlet ring body 21-1 It is contained in the annular sealing cover 21-2 on air inlet ring body 21-1, described air inlet ring body 21-1 with lid For having an annular air inlet duct 21-3 on annular and its medial wall, described air inlet ring body 21-1 On have an outside air inlet 21-4 connected with air supply pipe 5 and its inside have multiple inner side and enter Pore 21-5, multiple described inner side air inlet 21-5 the most uniformly lay and it is respectively positioned on ring Inside shape air inlet duct 21-3, described outside air inlet 21-4 is positioned at outside annular air inlet duct 21-3, Described outside air inlet 21-4 and multiple described inner side air inlet 21-5 all with annular air inlet duct 21-3 Inside communicates.

Further, described gun body 13-1 along the circumferential direction has multiple enter with multiple described inner sides respectively The gun body air inlet that pore 21-5 communicates.

During plasma gun 13 as shown in Figure 2 uses, produce in described arc chamber 13-4 wait from Daughter, produced plasma forms beam-plasma and sprays through spout 13-5.

In the present embodiment, described working gas is noble gas or H₂Gas.

Wherein, noble gas is Ar gas, He gas and N₂Gas.

In the present embodiment, described horizontal stamp pad 4 is for being arranged on stamp pad position regulator and energy The mobile platform moved up and down.

Described monitoring system also includes that the position being controlled described stamp pad position regulator is adjusted Whole controller 15, described position adjustment controller 15 is connected with described stamp pad position regulator.

In the present embodiment, described stamp pad position regulator is three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

Further, described position adjustment controller 15 is the controller of three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

Time actually used, described stamp pad position regulator can also use other can complete X, Y The vertically movable dress moved up and down with device or the energy in the vertical direction of three direction motions of Z axis Put.

During actually used, described horizontal stamp pad 4 can also use position fixed fixing Platform.

During actually used, described plasma generator produce beam-plasma central axis with Angle between vertical plane is not more than 45 °；Described printing distance adjusting means is along described beam-plasma Central axis adjusting apparatus 17 up and down that described shower nozzle is adjusted up and down, described distance detection is single Unit 8 be to along described beam-plasma central axis from described shower nozzle export to horizontal stamp pad 4 it Between the distance detection device that detects in real time of distance.

In the present embodiment, described upper and lower adjusting apparatus 17 is Z-direction adjusting apparatus.

Further, described upper and lower adjusting apparatus 17 is telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

In the present embodiment, the central axis of the beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces is in vertically To laying.Time actually used, can according to specific needs, described plasma generator is produced etc. Angle between central axis and the vertical plane of ion beam adjusts accordingly.

In the present embodiment, described wire feeder include top be wound with processed silk material 2 wire tray 6, The wire feeder carrying processed silk material 2 and the wire feed being driven described wire feeder drive Motivation structure 14, described wire feeder is positioned at inside wire tray 6 and is connected with described wire feeder；Described silk Dish 6 is coaxially mounted in rotating shaft and can rotate around described rotating shaft.

In the present embodiment, described Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2, X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 and described beat Print distance adjusting means composition three-dimensional regulation support 22.Time actually used, by three-dimensional regulation support 22 wire feed direction and plasma guns to processed silk material 2 in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction respectively The position of 13 is adjusted.

In the present embodiment, described wire feeder is wire pushing roller 19, and described wire pushing roller 19 includes main Dynamic roller group and return idler group, described active roller group includes two by wire feed drive mechanism 14 Being driven and active roller that rotation direction is contrary, described return idler group includes two rotation directions Contrary and lay respectively at the return idler of processed silk material 2 both sides, described active roller group is positioned at described Return idler group side, two described active rollers lay respectively at processed silk material 2 both sides.

In the present embodiment, described wire feed drive mechanism 14 is motor.During actually used, By changing the rotating speed of described motor, the wire feed rate of described wire feeder is carried out simplicity, fast Velocity modulation is whole.

Further, the wire feed rate of described wire feeder is at the uniform velocity.

During actual installation, described wire tray 6, described wire feeder and wire feed drive mechanism 14 are installed in In Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2.

In the present embodiment, described monitoring system also includes the wire feed rate of processed silk material 2 is carried out reality Time the speed detection unit 18 of detection and wire feed rate that wire feed drive mechanism 14 is controlled control Device 20, described speed detection unit 18 is connected with wire feed rate controller 20.

Time actually used, described monitoring system also include respectively to horizontal stamp pad 4 in X-axis, Y-axis The first displacement detecting unit of detecting in real time with the displacement in Z-direction, the second displacement detecting unit With triple motion detector unit, described first displacement detecting unit, the second displacement detecting unit and the 3rd Move detector unit to be all connected with position adjustment controller 15.

In the present embodiment, described monitoring system also include respectively to Y-axis moving mechanism 22-2 in Y-axis Horizontal displacement on direction, to X-axis travel mechanism 22-1 horizontal displacement in the X-axis direction and right The 4th displacement detecting list that adjusting apparatus 17 horizontal displacement in the Z-axis direction detects in real time up and down Unit, the 5th displacement detecting unit and the 6th displacement detecting unit, described 4th displacement detecting unit, the 5th Displacement detecting unit and the 6th displacement detecting unit all with move horizontally controller 24 and be connected.

In the present embodiment, described plasma generator controller 7, gas flow controller 12, position are adjusted Whole controller 15, print distance regulation controller 10 and wire feed rate controller 20 all with described data Processing equipment connects, and described data handling equipment is PC 23.Described feeder 1 is by PC 23 carry out on off control.

A kind of plasma 3D quick molding method as shown in Figure 6, comprises the following steps:

Step one, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtain and hierarchy slicing processes: use at data Reason equipment and call image processing module and obtain the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece 3 to be formed, recalls point Layer section module is treated as the three-dimensional stereo model of type workpiece 3 and carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple points Layer cross section image；

Multiple described layering cross-sectional images are to treat the three-dimensional stereo model of shaping workpiece 3 to carry out layering and cut Obtaining the image in multiple layering cross section after sheet, multiple described layering cross sections are the most uniformly laid；

Step 2, scanning pattern are filled: use data handling equipment and call described image processing module, Described layering cross-sectional images multiple in step one are respectively processed, and complete multiple described layering and cut The scanning pattern filling process in face, it is thus achieved that the scanning pattern in multiple described layering cross sections；

Step 3, printing path obtain: described data handling equipment is multiple according to obtain in step 2 The scanning pattern in described layering cross section, it is thus achieved that the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections；Each described The printing path in layering cross section is all identical with the scanning pattern in this layering cross section；

Step 4, the most successively printing: according to the multiple described layering cross section obtained in step 3 Printing path, the most successively treat shaping workpiece 3 and print, it is thus achieved that by multiple shape layers The finished workpart stacked from the bottom to top；The quantity of described shape layer is cut with layering described in step one The quantity in face is identical, the installation position of multiple described shape layers respectively with the cloth in multiple described layering cross sections If position one_to_one corresponding and its thickness are the most identical, the thickness of described shape layer and adjacent two described layerings Distance between cross section is identical, and in step 3, the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections is the most multiple The printing path of described shape layer；The Method of printing of multiple described shape layers is the most identical；Treat molding work When part 3 prints, process is as follows:

Step 401, bottom print: described in move horizontally controller 24 according to acquired in step 3 The printing path of current institute printing shaping layer, is controlled described horizontally moving device and drives described Plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane；Described plasma In generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronize with described wire feeder, described plasma beam is processed Interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream and is sprayed onto continuously on horizontal stamp pad 4 by system；Liquid stream to be melted After (specifically flowing to the melted liquid stream on horizontal stamp pad 4) all solidifies, complete currently to be printed as The print procedure of type layer；

In this step, current institute printing shaping layer is the molding being positioned at bottommost in multiple described shape layer Layer；

Step 402, last layer print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down: carried out once by horizontal stamp pad 4 in the vertical direction Move down and move down height identical with the thickness of described shape layer；

Step 4022, print and synchronize temperature control: described in move horizontally controller 24 according in step 3 The printing path of acquired current institute printing shaping layer, is controlled also described horizontally moving device Drive that described plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane；Described In plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronize with described wire feeder, described plasma Line system of processing interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream be sprayed onto continuously the most printed under On the upper surface of one described shape layer；Liquid stream to be melted (specifically flow to currently printed under Melted liquid stream on the upper surface of one described shape layer) all solidification after, complete current institute printing shaping The print procedure of layer；

In this step, described plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane During, by the temperature detecting unit 9 upper table to the most printed described shape layer of the next one Surface temperature detects in real time and detected temperature information synchronous driving is controlled to printing distance regulation Device 10, is exported between horizontal stamp pad 4 described shower nozzle by distance detector unit 8 simultaneously Distance detects in real time and the range information synchronous driving detected is controlled to printing distance regulation Device 10；The described distance that prints regulates the temperature letter that controller 10 is detected according to temperature detecting unit 9 Breath and by control described printing distance adjusting means to the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 it Between distance be adjusted, make the upper surface temperature of the currently the most printed described shape layer of the next one not Higher than the material fusing point of workpiece 3 to be formed 0.6 times；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 Tong Bu with described wire feeder On horizontal plane in moving process, processed silk material 2 is sent by described wire feeder continuously, passes through simultaneously The melting end of processed silk material 2 is melted by the beam-plasma that described plasma beam system of processing produces Change, and the molten melt drop that the fusing of described melting end is formed continuously and forms liquid stream；Described liquid stream divides It is distributed in described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of the melted liquid stream of band in being formed；

Step 403, step 402 is repeated several times, until completing all shape layers of workpiece 3 to be formed Print procedure.

During actually used, described wire feeder is synchronous wire feeding device.Further, described fused solution Stream under the effect of described working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) along described etc. The central axis of ion beam moves.

Interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream even by plasma beam system of processing described in step 401 Continuous when being sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad 4, the melted liquid stream of interior band synchronizes to flow on horizontal stamp pad 4.Step Described in rapid 4022, the plasma beam that interior band melts liquid stream is sprayed by plasma beam system of processing continuously Time to the upper surface of the most printed described shape layer of the next one, the melted liquid stream of interior band synchronizes It flow on the upper surface of the most printed described shape layer of the next one.

In the present embodiment, before step 4 the most successively prints, described in step one at data Reason equipment is first according to the material fusing point pre-build and printing range data storehouse, and combines by parameter defeated Enter the Material Name of the workpiece to be formed 3 that unit pre-enters, treat the basis printing of shaping workpiece 3 Distance is determined；Described parameter input unit connects with described data handling equipment；

In described material fusing point and printing range data storehouse, storage has the material fusing point of various material and beats Print range information, material fusing point and the printing range information of every kind of described material all include this kind of material Title, fusing point and basis print distance；It is 5mm～1000mm that described basis prints distance, and material Fusing point is the highest, and it is the nearest that basis prints distance；

Before step 401 carries out bottom printing, described print distance regulation controller 10 according to away from The range information that detected from detector unit 8 and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by described Distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad 4 of shower nozzle is adjusted to described basis and prints distance；Step In 401 in bottom print procedure, the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad 4 of described shower nozzle is institute State basis and print distance；

Before carrying out in step 4022 printing and synchronizing temperature control, the described distance that prints regulates controller 10 According to the distance range information that detected of detector unit 8 and combine moving down time of horizontal stamp pad 4 Count and move down height every time, and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by described shower nozzle Distance between the upper surface of outlet and the most printed described shape layer of the next one is adjusted to institute State basis and print distance；Described shower nozzle is exported between horizontal stamp pad 4 by step 4022 When distance is adjusted, described printing distance regulation controller 10 is examined according to temperature detecting unit 9 The temperature information surveyed also combines the outlet to described shower nozzle of the distance range information that detected of detector unit 8 And the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 is adjusted, make the most printed described molding of the next one The upper surface temperature of layer controls between 0.1 times～0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece 3 to be formed； Further, described shower nozzle is exported the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 when being adjusted, regulate width Degree is 5mm～60mm, and material fusing point is the highest, and the amplitude of accommodation is the least.

In the present embodiment, before step 4 the most successively prints, described in step one at data Reason equipment is first according to the gas flow pre-build and wire feed rate data base, and combines set in advance The thickness of described shape layer, base gas flow and the wire feed speed of described wire feeder to air supply pipe 5 Degree is determined；

Described gas flow and wire feed rate databases contain the shape layer institute of multiple different thickness The wire feed rate needed and base gas flow；Described base gas flow be 5ml/min～ 500ml/min, and the wire feed rate of described wire feeder is the biggest, described base gas flow is the biggest；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 Tong Bu with described wire feeder On horizontal plane in moving process, the described speed detection unit 18 wire feed rate to described wire feeder Detect and be sent to by detected synchronizing information wire feed rate controller 20, described wire feed speed in real time Spend controller 20 and according to the wire feed rate of predetermined described wire feeder and combine velocity measuring list Wire feed drive mechanism 14 is controlled by 18 detection information of unit, makes the wire feed speed of described wire feeder Spend all identical with predetermined wire feed rate；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, described gas flow controller 12 is according to gas stream The detected information of amount detection unit 11 and by control flow control valve 25 by the gas stream of air supply pipe 5 Amount is adjusted to described base gas flow；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, described air supply pipe 5 Gas flow be described base gas flow；

Step 4022 is carried out print and synchronize in temperature control process, described gas flow controller 12 According to 11 detection information of detection of gas flow rate unit and combine distance 8 detecting distance of detector unit letter Breath, and by controlling flow control valve 25, the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is carried out increase and decrease adjustment；And And, the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad 4 of described shower nozzle is the biggest, the gas of described air supply pipe 5 Body flow is the biggest.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of described workpiece to be formed 3, utilize pro/e, The three-dimensional stereo model that the three-dimensional graphics software such as UG, CATIA designs workpiece 3 to be formed is (i.e. three-dimensional Physical model), then by described hierarchy slicing module, this three-dimensional stereo model is carried out hierarchy slicing, And obtain the outline data in each cross section, outline data generate and fill scanning pattern, corresponding obtain described The printing path (printing path in the most each layering cross section) of plasma beam system of processing.Thus, step Rapid one and step 2 employed in method, melt with conventional laser selective melting molding or electron beam constituency The method that chemical conversion type uses is identical.Afterwards, described three axis numerically controlled machine 16 is according to the printing obtained Path carries out in X and Y direction motor process in the horizontal plane, described plasma beam system of processing The plasma beam that interior band melts liquid stream is sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad 4 or the most printed continuously On the upper surface of next described shape layer；After melted liquid stream all solidifies, complete a shape layer Print procedure；Then, described three axis numerically controlled machine 16 declines in the Z-axis direction, successively prints, Thus complete the print procedure of 3 d part.

In the present embodiment, plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 send with described Silk device synchronizes in the horizontal plane in moving process, a diameter of 0.02mm of described processed silk material 2～ 10mm, the wire feed rate of described processed silk material 2 is 0.1m～10m/min.Wherein, processed silk The diameter of material 2 is the biggest, and wire feed rate is the slowest；And the material fusing point of processed silk material 2 is the highest, wire feed Speed is the slowest.

Distance between melting end and the print job face of described processed silk material 2 be 5mm～ 1000mm.Wherein, print job face is the plane residing for current institute printing shaping layer, processed silk material Distance between melting end and the described print job face of 2 is wire feed height.

Before step 4 the most successively prints, the melting end of processed silk material 2 is beaten with level Distance between ink pad 4 is adjusted to wire feed height set in advance, described wire feed height be 5mm～ 1000mm；In step 4 the most successively in print procedure, the melting end height of processed silk material 2 Constant.In step 401, the distance between melting end and the horizontal stamp pad 4 of processed silk material 2 is for sending Silk height, the melting end of processed silk material 2 and the most printed next institute in step 4022 Stating the distance between shape layer upper surface is wire feed height.

Owing to horizontal stamp pad 4 is the mobile platform being arranged on stamp pad position regulator, thus The printing path in each described layering cross section acquired in step 3 can also be three-axis numerical control machine The machining path of bed 16, the most described plasma beam system of processing is not moved, But be moved in horizontal aspect by horizontal stamp pad 4, thus complete the printed of each shape layer Journey.

Embodiment 2

In the present embodiment, as it is shown in fig. 7, the plasma founding rapid forming equipment used and enforcement Unlike example 1: the angle between described spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 central axis be 30 °～ 45°。

So, after the direction of described beam-plasma being changed by spout 13-5, can effectively subtract The thermic load impact that anode nozzle 13-2 is produced by few plasma jet, improves anode ablation situation.

In the present embodiment, the remainder structure of used plasma founding rapid forming equipment, connection Relation and operation principle are the most same as in Example 1.

In the present embodiment, the plasma founding quick molding method used is same as in Example 1.

The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not impose any restrictions the present invention, every Any simple modification, change and equivalent structure above example made according to the technology of the present invention essence Change, all still falls within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a plasma 3D rapid forming equipment, it is characterised in that: by monitoring system, plasma Line system of processing and horizontal stamp pad (4) composition placed for workpiece to be formed (3)；

Described plasma beam system of processing by be provided with shower nozzle and for produce beam-plasma etc. from Daughter generator, the feeder (1) for described plasma generator offer working gas, use In the wire feeder sending processed silk material (2) continuously and the printing position that print position is adjusted Putting adjusting apparatus composition, described plasma generator and described wire feeder are respectively positioned on horizontal stamp pad (4) top, described wire feeder is positioned at described plasma generator side；Described feeder (1) it is connected with the air inlet opened on described plasma generator by air supply pipe (5)；Described The outer end of processed silk material (2) is melting end, and described melting end is positioned at below the outlet of described shower nozzle And it is positioned on the central axis of described beam-plasma；Described print position adjusting apparatus includes driving institute State plasma generator Tong Bu with described wire feeder move in the horizontal plane move horizontally Device and drive described plasma generator, described wire feeder Tong Bu with described horizontally moving device Move and tackle what the distance between the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) was adjusted mutually Printing distance adjusting means, described plasma generator and described wire feeder are installed in described water In flat mobile device, and described horizontally moving device is arranged in described printing distance adjusting means；

Described monitoring system includes moving horizontally controller to what described horizontally moving device was controlled (24), treat temperature detecting unit (9) that shaping workpiece (3) upper surface temperature detects in real time, The distance inspection that distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is detected in real time Survey unit (8) and the printing distance regulation controller that described printing distance adjusting means is controlled (10), described in move horizontally controller (24) and be connected with described horizontally moving device, described printing Distance regulation controller (10) is connected with described printing distance adjusting means, described temperature detecting unit (9) all it is connected apart from regulation controller (10) with printing with distance detector unit (8)；Described temperature Degree detector unit (9) regulates controller (10) composition temperature control device with printing distance.

2. according to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: Described monitoring system also includes that the plasma being controlled described plasma generator controls The detection of gas flow rate unit (11) that device (7), gas flow to air supply pipe (5) detect in real time The gas flow controller being controlled with the flow control valve (25) installed upper to air supply pipe (5) (12), described plasma generator controller (7) is connected with described plasma generator, described Detection of gas flow rate unit (11) is connected with gas flow controller (12).

3. according to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment described in claim 1 or 2, its feature Being: described plasma generator includes plasma gun (13), described shower nozzle is plasma gun (13) The anode nozzle (13-2) of front end；Described plasma gun (13) includes the rifle having described air inlet Body (13-1), it is positioned at the anode nozzle (13-2) of gun body (13-1) dead ahead and is plugged in gun body (13-1) negative electrode (13-3) in, it is front that described anode nozzle (13-2) is positioned at negative electrode (13-3) Side, described arc chamber (13-4) is positioned at negative electrode (13-3) front side and it is positioned at anode nozzle (13-2) Posterior medial, the front inner of described anode nozzle (13-2) is spout (13-5)；Described sun Pole nozzle (13-2), negative electrode (13-3) and arc chamber (13-4) all with gun body (13-1) in Axle is laid；Described air inlet is positioned at gun body (13-1) rear side, described spout (13-5) and gun body (13-1) In coaxial lay or and gun body (13-1) central axis between angle be 30 °～45 °.

4. according to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment described in claim 1 or 2, its feature It is: described wire feeder includes that top is wound with the wire tray (6) of processed silk material (2), to quilt Processed filament material (2) carries out the wire feeder that carries and the wire feed being driven described wire feeder drives Motivation structure (14), described wire feeder is positioned at wire tray (6) inner side and is connected with described wire feeder； Described wire tray (6) is coaxially mounted in rotating shaft and can rotate around described rotating shaft.

5. according to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment described in claim 4, it is characterised in that: Described wire feeder is wire pushing roller (19), described wire pushing roller (19) include active roller group and Return idler group, described active roller group includes that two are driven by wire feed drive mechanism (14) And the active roller that rotation direction is contrary, described return idler group includes that two rotation directions are contrary and divide Not being positioned at the return idler of processed silk material (2) both sides, described active roller group is positioned at described driven Roller group side, two described active rollers lay respectively at processed silk material (2) both sides；

Described monitoring system also includes detecting the wire feed rate of processed silk material (2) in real time Speed detection unit (18) and the wire feed rate controller that wire feed drive mechanism (14) is controlled (20), described speed detection unit (18) is connected with wire feed rate controller (20).

6. according to a kind of plasma 3D rapid forming equipment described in claim 1 or 2, its feature It is: the folder between central axis and the vertical plane of the beam-plasma that described plasma generator produces Angle is not more than 45 °；Described printing distance adjusting means is to institute along the central axis of described beam-plasma Stating the adjusting apparatus up and down (17) that shower nozzle adjusts up and down, described distance detector unit (8) is To central axis the exporting between horizontal stamp pad (4) from described shower nozzle along described beam-plasma The distance detection device that detects in real time of distance；

Described horizontal stamp pad (4) is for being arranged on stamp pad position regulator and can move up and down Mobile platform；

Described monitoring system also includes that the position being controlled described stamp pad position regulator is adjusted Whole controller (15), described position adjustment controller (15) and described stamp pad position regulator Connect.

7. one kind utilizes rapid forming equipment as claimed in claim 1 to treat what shaping workpiece was shaped Method, it is characterised in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Step one, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtain and hierarchy slicing processes: use at data Reason equipment and call image processing module and obtain the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece to be formed (3), then adjusts The three-dimensional stereo model treating shaping workpiece (3) by hierarchy slicing module carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains Obtain multiple layering cross-sectional images；

Multiple described layering cross-sectional images are to treat the three-dimensional stereo model of shaping workpiece (3) to carry out point The image in multiple layering cross section is obtained, multiple described layering cross sections uniform cloth from the bottom to top after layer section If；

Step 2, scanning pattern are filled: use data handling equipment and call described image processing module, Described layering cross-sectional images multiple in step one are respectively processed, and complete multiple described layering and cut The scanning pattern filling process in face, it is thus achieved that the scanning pattern in multiple described layering cross sections；

Step 3, printing path obtain: described data handling equipment is multiple according to obtain in step 2 The scanning pattern in described layering cross section, it is thus achieved that the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections；Each described The printing path in layering cross section is all identical with the scanning pattern in this layering cross section；

Step 4, the most successively printing: according to the multiple described layering cross section obtained in step 3 Printing path, the most successively treat shaping workpiece (3) and print, it is thus achieved that by multiple one-tenth The finished workpart that type layer stacks from the bottom to top；The quantity of described shape layer is divided with described in step one The quantity of layer cross section is identical, the installation position of multiple described shape layers respectively with multiple described layering cross sections Installation position one_to_one corresponding and its thickness the most identical, the thickness of described shape layer with described in adjacent two Distance between layering cross section is identical, and in step 3, the printing path in multiple described layering cross sections is respectively The printing path of multiple described shape layers；Treating shaping workpiece (3) when printing, process is as follows:

Step 401, bottom print: described in move horizontally controller (24) and obtained according in step 3 The printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer taken, is controlled described horizontally moving device and drives Described plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane；Described grade from In daughter generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronize with described wire feeder, described plasma beam Interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream and is sprayed onto continuously on horizontal stamp pad (4) by system of processing；Treat After melted liquid stream all solidifies, complete the print procedure of current institute printing shaping layer；

In this step, current institute printing shaping layer is the molding being positioned at bottommost in multiple described shape layer Layer；

Step 402, last layer print, and comprise the following steps:

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down: carried out by horizontal stamp pad (4) in the vertical direction Once move down and move down height identical with the thickness of described shape layer；

Step 4022, print and synchronize temperature control: described in move horizontally controller (24) according to step 3 The printing path of the current institute printing shaping layer acquired in, is controlled described horizontally moving device And drive that described plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane；Institute State in plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronize with described wire feeder, described grade from Interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream and is sprayed onto the most printed continuously by sub-line system of processing On the upper surface of next described shape layer；After melted liquid stream all solidifies, complete currently to be printed as The print procedure of type layer；

In this step, described plasma generator is Tong Bu with described wire feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane During, by temperature detecting unit (9) to the most printed described shape layer of the next one Upper surface temperature detects and by detected temperature information synchronous driving in real time to printing distance regulation Controller (10), is beaten with level the outlet of described shower nozzle by distance detector unit (8) simultaneously Distance between ink pad (4) detects and by the range information synchronous driving detected in real time to beating Print distance regulation controller (10)；Described distance regulation controller (10) that prints is according to temperature detection Temperature information that unit (9) is detected and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means to described spray Distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of head is adjusted, make current the most printed under The upper surface temperature of one described shape layer is not higher than the 0.6 of the material fusing point of workpiece to be formed (3) Times；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 Tong Bu with described wire feeder On horizontal plane in moving process, processed silk material (2) is sent, simultaneously by described wire feeder continuously By the fusing to processed silk material (2) of the beam-plasma of described plasma beam system of processing generation End melts, and the molten melt drop that the fusing of described melting end is formed continuously and forms liquid stream；Institute State liquid stream to be distributed in described beam-plasma, the plasma beam of the melted liquid stream of band in being formed；

Step 403, step 402 is repeated several times, until completing workpiece to be formed (3) all shape layers Print procedure.

8. according to treating, described in claim 7, the method that shaping workpiece is shaped, it is characterised in that: Before the most successively printing in step 4, data handling equipment described in step one is first according in advance The material fusing point set up and print range data storehouse, and combine and pre-entered by parameter input unit The Material Name of workpiece to be formed (3), the basis printing distance treating shaping workpiece (3) is carried out really Fixed；Described parameter input unit connects with described data handling equipment；

In described material fusing point and printing range data storehouse, storage has the material fusing point of various material and beats Print range information, material fusing point and the printing range information of every kind of described material all include this kind of material Title, fusing point and basis print distance；It is 5mm～1000mm that described basis prints distance, and material Fusing point is the highest, and it is the nearest that basis prints distance；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the described distance that prints regulates controller (10) basis Distance detector unit (8) range information that detected and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means Distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is adjusted to described basis print away from From；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) it Between distance be described basis print distance；

Before carrying out in step 4022 printing and synchronizing temperature control, the described distance that prints regulates controller (10) According to distance detector unit (8) range information that detected and combine the downward of horizontal stamp pad (4) Move number of times and move down height every time, and by controlling described printing distance adjusting means by described Distance between outlet and the upper surface of the most printed described shape layer of the next one of shower nozzle is adjusted Joint prints distance for described basis；To the outlet of described shower nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) in step 4022 Between distance when being adjusted, described printing distance regulation controller (10) is according to temperature detection list Unit (9) temperature information that detected also combines the range information pair that distance detector unit (8) is detected Distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is adjusted, and makes currently to print The upper surface temperature of the good described shape layer of the next one controls the material fusing point at workpiece to be formed (3) 0.1 times～0.6 times between；Further, between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle Distance when being adjusted, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm～60mm, and material fusing point is the highest, the amplitude of accommodation The least.

9. according to treating, described in claim 7 or 8, the method that shaping workpiece is shaped, its feature It is: described wire feeder includes that top is wound with the wire tray (6) of processed silk material (2), to quilt Processed filament material (2) carries out the wire feeder that carries and the wire feed being driven described wire feeder drives Motivation structure (14), described wire feeder is positioned at wire tray (6) inner side and is connected with described wire feeder； Described wire tray (6) is coaxially mounted in rotating shaft and can rotate around described rotating shaft；

Described monitoring system also includes that the plasma being controlled described plasma generator occurs The detection of gas flow rate list that controller (7), gas flow to air supply pipe (5) detect in real time The gas stream that unit (11), the flow control valve (25) installed upper to air supply pipe (5) are controlled The speed inspection that amount controller (12), wire feed rate to processed silk material (2) detect in real time Survey unit (18) and the wire feed rate controller (20) that wire feed drive mechanism (14) is controlled, Described speed detection unit (18) is connected with wire feed rate controller (20), and described plasma occurs Controller (7) is connected with described plasma generator, described detection of gas flow rate unit (11) Being connected with gas flow controller (12), described distance detector unit (8) controls with gas flow Device (12) connects；

In step 4 the most successively print before, data handling equipment elder generation described in step one according to The gas flow pre-build and wire feed rate data base, and combine described shape layer set in advance Thickness, is carried out really the base gas flow of air supply pipe (5) and the wire feed rate of described wire feeder Fixed；

Described gas flow and wire feed rate databases contain the shape layer institute of multiple different thickness The wire feed rate needed and base gas flow；Described base gas flow be 5ml/min～ 500ml/min, and the wire feed rate of described wire feeder is the biggest, described base gas flow is the biggest；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 Tong Bu with described wire feeder On horizontal plane in moving process, the described speed detection unit (18) the wire feed speed to described wire feeder Degree detects and is sent to by detected synchronizing information wire feed rate controller (20) in real time, described Wire feed rate controller (20) is according to the wire feed rate of predetermined described wire feeder and combines speed Degree detector unit (18) detected information wire feed drive mechanism (14) is controlled, make described in give The wire feed rate of silk device is all identical with predetermined wire feed rate；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, described gas flow controller (12) is according to gas Flow detection unit (11) detected information and by control flow control valve (25) by air supply pipe (5) Gas flow be adjusted to described base gas flow；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, described The gas flow of air supply pipe (5) is described base gas flow；

Step 4022 is carried out print and synchronize in temperature control process, described gas flow controller (12) According to detection of gas flow rate unit (11) institute detection information and combine distance detector unit (8) examined Survey range information, and by controlling flow control valve (25), the gas flow of air supply pipe (5) is entered Row increase and decrease adjusts；Further, the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of described shower nozzle is the biggest, The gas flow of described air supply pipe (5) is the biggest.

10., according to treating, described in claim 7 or 8, the method that shaping workpiece is shaped, it is special Levy and be: plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 is same with described wire feeder Walk in the horizontal plane in moving process, the wire feed rate of described processed silk material (2) be 0.1m/min～ 10m/min, a diameter of 0.02mm～10mm of described processed silk material (2)；Described processed silk material (2) diameter is the biggest, and wire feed rate is the slowest；And the material fusing point of processed silk material (2) is the highest, Wire feed rate is the slowest；

Before step 4 the most successively prints, by melting end and the water of processed silk material (4) Distance between flat stamp pad (4) is adjusted to wire feed height set in advance, and described wire feed height is 5mm～1000mm；In step 4 the most successively in print procedure, processed silk material (2) molten Change end height constant.