CN105922569B

CN105922569B - A kind of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment and forming method

Info

Publication number: CN105922569B
Application number: CN201510788749.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 华云峰
Original assignee: Sinoadditive Manufacturing Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: BICHENG (BEIJING) TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
Priority date: 2015-11-17
Filing date: 2015-11-17
Publication date: 2018-09-18
Anticipated expiration: 2035-11-17
Also published as: CN105922569A

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipments and forming method, the equipment to be made of monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and print platform；Plasma beam system of processing from plasma generator, printing distance adjusting means, feeder and for continuously into beam-plasma be sent into powder dust feeder form；Monitoring system includes that position adjustment controller, temperature detecting unit, distance detection unit and printing form temperature control device apart from adjusting control device, temperature detecting unit and printing apart from adjusting control device；The method comprising the steps of：One, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtains and hierarchy slicing is handled；Two, scan path is filled；Three, printing path obtains；Four, it successively prints from the bottom to top.Reasonable design of the present invention, easy to operate and shaping efficiency is high, using effect is good, is not necessarily to closed molding room, and do not need protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, workpiece shaping process directly carries out under atmospheric environment.

Description

A kind of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment and forming method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rapid shaping technique field, more particularly, to a kind of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment and Forming method.

Background technology

3D printing, educational circles are known as increasing material manufacturing (Additive Manufacturing, AM), are to utilize Computer Design number The technology of physical item is manufactured according to the method successively accumulated using material.The technology starts from the rapid shaping skill of the 1980s Art, there are three the features of aspect for tool：First, the great leap of manufacturing technology.3D printing is that digitizing technique is merged with manufacturing technology The burgeoning digital manufacturing technology expedited the emergence of；Second is that the deep reform of manufacturing process.3D printing changes traditional machining Pattern greatly reduces manufacturing procedure, can be obviously shortened development cost and the period of new product；Third, manufacturing mode is important It breaks through.Personalized, customized production may be implemented to complicated, unmanageable product in 3D printing technique, is passed so as to change The large-scale mass production mode of system, brings the important breakthrough of manufacturing mode.

Currently, metal parts rapid shaping technique is mainly precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology both at home and abroad (Selective laser melting, SLM).Such as United States Patent (USP) " the PROCESS AND of Patent No. US7047098 One kind is described in detail in DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A SHAPED BODY BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING " The precinct laser fusion manufacturing process and its equipment of fine and close part are manufactured using three-dimensional digital model.Publication No. CN The Chinese invention patent " the directly precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of manufacture heavy parts " of 102266942A discloses one Kind directly manufactures the precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of large compact part, which includes mainly laser array, light Learn systems array, moulding cylinder, the three-dimensional heat stepwise insulation construction of moulding cylinder, moulding cylinder weight balancing system, substrate leveling dress Set, double recovery tanks, double storage powder casees, double quantitative powder feedings and powder discharging device, power spreading device, protective atmosphere cover, gas purge system, control System processed.A kind of Chinese invention patent " Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method of Publication No. CN1603031A And its device " to disclose a kind of Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method and its device, the device include semiconductor LD pumped YAG lasers or optical fiber laser, light beam focusing system, molded part cylinder and powder cylinder, semiconductor pumped YAG laser or Optical fiber laser is connected with light beam focusing system, and focuses scanning in molded part cylinder, and molded part cylinder passes through powdering roller and powder Last cylinder is connected, and powdering roller is connected with driving motor, and driving motor is connected with computer.Publication No. CN103071795A Chinese invention patent " mobile galvanometer selective laser melting SLM formers " disclose a kind of mobile galvanometer selective laser Melt SLM formers.The equipment includes by communication line with the X-axis linear motor and longitudinal rail for carrying cross slide way group The digital control system that the Y-axis linear motor of group is connected, X-axis linear motor and Y-axis linear motor constitute turntable driving structure, should Turntable driving structure is drivingly connected with laser bundle-enlarging collimation microscope group, and laser bundle-enlarging collimation microscope group bottom is caught in galvanometer unit, is shaking It is provided with forming work package below mirror unit, inert gas gas curtain is provided between forming work package and galvanometer unit.

But currently, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology is also primarily present following three aspects problem：

The first, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, to avoid in forming process The oxidation of metal parts, this keeps laser fast shaping device structure complicated, and forming part size is restricted.In addition, constituency is swashed Light fusion rapid molding technology is typically necessary the moulding cylinder system of powdering, and device structure is complicated, not only forming part size by To limitation, and shaping efficiency is relatively low.

The second, in order to ensure that part mechanical property, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology need the spherical shape of good fluidity Metal powder.This keeps precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment operating cost very high.

Third, laser are the core elements of precinct laser rapid forming equipment, and laser price height and maintenance cost It is high.This keeps the equipment cost of rapid laser-shaping technique very high.

Nowadays, there is the laser melting coating based on synchronous powder feeding system or wire feed process direct in precinct laser rapid shaping technique Manufacturing technology, it is to be melted the synchronous metal powder being sent into or wire using laser beam, flat in XY by controlling workbench Face is manufactured according to the single layer of the mobile realization parts of planned trajectory, and after the manufacture for completing a level, Z-direction is raised and lowered one Then set a distance repeats previous process, be layering until realizing the three-dimensionally shaped of parts.Publication No. CN101885063A Chinese invention patent " laser cladding forming equipment and a kind of laser cladding forming method of metal parts " disclose and a kind of swash The quick molding method and its equipment of light cladding silk material, the equipment include mainly the workbench of three-dimensional motion, laser device, send Powder device and control system, dust feeder include pinching roller pair, and the driving wheel for pinching roller pair is connect with stepper motor, is passed through One three-dimensional regulation device controls wire feed direction.Control system includes multi-axis motion control card, multi-axis motion control card respectively with stepping Motor, table drive motor are connected with laser aid.Forming method includes modeling, instruction conversion, slice forming and is deposited into Type and etc., by laser melting wire, molten drop is formed, molten drop accumulates cooling on the table, and with working table movement shape Flakiness, each thin slice deposit and form 3-dimensional metal part from level to level successively.But above-mentioned laser cladding forming equipment and side Method is primarily present following three aspects problem：The first, laser cannot protect molten drop, need to lead to protective gas at wire feeding mouth, protection Gas is easy cooling molten drop, is solidified to molten drop and is layered molding and has an adverse effect, cause 3-dimensional metal part mechanical property compared with It is low；The second, laser power is low and the diameter of wire is big, it is difficult to realize the rapid shaping of ceramic composite materials part；The Three, due to surface tension, molten drop cooled and solidified generates rounded constrictions when being molded, and causes piece surface rough.

Invention content

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that providing a kind of plasma melting Cover manufacture rapid forming equipment, simple structure and reasonable design and it is easy to use, shaping efficiency is high, using effect is good, nothing Closed molding room is needed, and does not need protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, workpiece shaping process directly carries out under atmospheric environment.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of plasma cladding manufacture rapid shaping Equipment, it is characterised in that：It is made of monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and print platform, the print platform includes The horizontal stamp pad placed for workpiece to be formed and the stamp pad position regulator that the position of horizontal stamp pad is adjusted, The horizontal stamp pad is installed on the stamp pad position regulator；

The plasma beam system of processing by be equipped with nozzle and for generate beam-plasma plasma generator, Printing distance adjusting means that the outlet of the nozzle is adjusted with the distance between horizontal stamp pad are the plasma Body generator provides the feeder of working gas and the plasma for continuously being generated to the plasma generator The dust feeder composition of printed material is sent into beam；The plasma generator is located above horizontal stamp pad and it is mounted on In the printing distance adjusting means, the dust feeder is located above horizontal stamp pad and it is located at plasma generation Device side；The feeder is connect by air supply pipe with the air inlet opened on the plasma generator；The powder feeding The powder feeding mouth of device is located at below the outlet of the nozzle and it is located on the central axis of the beam-plasma；

The monitoring system includes that the position controlled the stamp pad position regulator adjusts controller, treats Temperature detecting unit that shaping workpiece upper surface temperature is measured in real time, between the outlet and horizontal stamp pad of the nozzle The distance detection unit that is measured in real time of distance and printing distance that the printing distance adjusting means are controlled adjust Controller is saved, the position adjustment controller is connect with the stamp pad position regulator, and the printing is apart from adjusting control Device is connect with the printing distance adjusting means, and the temperature detecting unit and distance detection unit are adjusted with printing distance and controlled Device connection processed；The temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing apart from adjusting control device.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that：The monitoring system further includes to described Plasma generator controller that plasma generator is controlled, the gas that the gas flow of air supply pipe is measured in real time Flow detection unit and the gas flow controller that the flow control valve installed on air supply pipe is controlled, the plasma hair Raw controller is connect with the plasma generator, and the detection of gas flow rate unit is connect with gas flow controller.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that：The plasma generator include etc. Ion gun, the nozzle are the anode nozzle of plasma gun front end；The plasma gun include the gun body for being provided with the air inlet, Anode nozzle immediately ahead of gun body and the cathode being plugged in gun body, the anode nozzle is located on front side of cathode, described to put Electric room is located on front side of cathode and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle, and the front inner of the anode nozzle is spout；It is described Anode nozzle, cathode and arc chamber are laid with gun body in coaxial；The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body, the spout and gun body It it is 30 °~45 ° in coaxial laying or the angle between gun body central axis.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that：The dust feeder include powder feeder and Powder-feeding mouth, the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder are the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth；The powder feeder includes being provided with feed inlet with powder feeding to go out The shell and the powder feeding wheel in the shell, the powder feeding wheel of mouth are driven by driving motor；The powder feeding outlet It is connected by the powder inlet of powder feeding pipe and powder-feeding mouth.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that：The monitoring system further includes to powder feeding The powder mass flow detection unit and the powder feeding flow control that driving motor is controlled that the powder feeding flow of pipe is measured in real time Device, the powder mass flow detection unit are connect with powder feeding flow controller.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterized in that：The stamp pad position regulator is Three axis numerically controlled machine；

Angle between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates is not more than 45°；The printing distance adjusting means are upper to the nozzle adjust up and down along the central axis of the beam-plasma Lower adjusting apparatus, the distance detection unit are to export to level from the nozzle to the central axis along the beam-plasma The distance detection device that the distance between stamp pad is measured in real time.

Meanwhile a kind of invention additionally discloses method and steps simple, reasonable design and realize convenient, using effect it is good etc. from Sub- cladding manufactures quick molding method, it is characterised in that：This approach includes the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and tune The three-dimensional stereo model that workpiece to be formed is obtained with image processing module recalls hierarchy slicing module treats shaping workpiece three It ties up three-dimensional model and carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional images；

It is multiple it is described layering cross-sectional images be treat shaping workpiece three-dimensional stereo model carry out hierarchy slicing after obtain it is more The image in a layering section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scan path is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, in step 1 Multiple layering cross-sectional images are respectively processed, and complete the scan path filling process in multiple layering sections, are obtained Obtain the scan paths in multiple layering sections；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is cut according to the multiple layerings obtained in step 2 The scan path in face obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with this The scan path for being layered section is identical；

Step 4: successively printing from the bottom to top：According to obtained in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths, It successively treats shaping workpiece from the bottom to top to be printed, finished workpart made of acquisition is stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers； The quantity of the shape layer is identical as the quantity in section is layered described in step 1, the installation position difference of multiple shape layers With it is multiple it is described layering sections installation positions correspond and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer with it is two neighboring The distance between the layering section is identical, in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths be respectively it is multiple it is described at The printing path of type layer；When treating shaping workpiece and being printed, process is as follows：

Step 401, bottom printing：The position adjustment controller is according to current institute's printing shaping acquired in step 3 The printing path of layer, controls the stamp pad position regulator and horizontal stamp pad is driven to move in the horizontal plane It is dynamic；In the horizontal stamp pad moving process, interior band is melted the plasma beam of liquid stream by the plasma beam system of processing It is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad；After melting liquid stream solidifies, the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed；

In this step, current institute's printing shaping layer is the shape layer for being located at bottommost in multiple shape layers；

Step 402, last layer printing, include the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：The position adjustment controller is adjusted by controlling the stamp pad position Device, the horizontal stamp pad of drive are once moved down and move down the layer of height and the shape layer in the vertical direction It is thick identical；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The position adjustment controller is according to current institute acquired in step 3 The printing path of printing shaping layer controls the stamp pad position regulator and drives horizontal stamp pad in horizontal plane On moved；In the horizontal stamp pad moving process, the plasma beam system of processing by interior band melt liquid stream etc. Ion beam current is continuously sprayed onto on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；After melting liquid stream solidifies, Complete the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer；

In this step, in the horizontal stamp pad moving process, by temperature detecting unit under currently printed The upper surface temperature of one shape layer is measured in real time and adjusts detected temperature information synchronous driving to printing distance Controller is saved, while the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad are examined in real time by distance detection unit It surveys and by the range information synchronous driving detected to printing apart from adjusting control device；It is described printing apart from adjusting control device according to Temperature information that temperature detecting unit is detected and by control the printing distance adjusting means to the outlet of the nozzle with The distance between horizontal stamp pad is adjusted, and keeps the upper surface temperature of current printed next shape layer not high In 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece to be formed；

In horizontal stamp pad moving process described in step 401 and step 4022, the dust feeder continuously sends out printing Material, while sent out printed material is melted by the beam-plasma that the plasma beam system of processing generates, and So that sent out printed material melts the molten melt drop to be formed continuously and forms liquid stream；The liquid stream is distributed in the beam-plasma It is interior, form the interior plasma beam with melting liquid stream；

Step 402 is repeated several times in step 403, until completing the print procedure of all shape layers of workpiece to be formed.

The above method, it is characterized in that：Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, data processing described in step 1 is set The material fusing point that basis pre-establishes standby first and printing range data library, and combine and waited for by what parameter input unit pre-entered The Material Name of shaping workpiece, the basis printing distance for treating shaping workpiece are determined；The parameter input unit with it is described Data processing equipment connects；

The material fusing point and printing range information of various material are stored in the material fusing point and printing range data library, The material fusing point and printing range information of each material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material； The basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is closer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is examined apart from adjusting control device according to distance detection unit The range information of survey and by control it is described printing distance adjusting means will the nozzle outlet horizontal stamp pad between Distance is adjusted to the basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad The distance between for it is described basis print distance；

Before carrying out printing and synchronizing temperature control in step 4022, the printing is single according to distance detection apart from adjusting control device The number that moves down of range information and the horizontal stamp pad of combination that member is detected moves down height with each, and passes through control The distance adjusting means that print are by the upper surface of the outlet of the nozzle and current printed next shape layer The distance between be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 4022 between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad When distance is adjusted, temperature information that the printing is detected apart from adjusting control device according to temperature detecting unit and combine away from The distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad is adjusted in the range information detected from detection unit, makes to work as The upper surface temperature control of preceding printed next shape layer 0.1 times of material fusing point of workpiece to be formed~ Between 0.6 times；Also, when the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad are adjusted, amplitude of accommodation 5mm ~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

The above method, it is characterized in that：The dust feeder includes powder feeder and powder-feeding mouth, the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder For the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth；The powder feeder includes being provided with the shell of feed inlet and powder feeding outlet and in the shell Powder feeding wheel, the powder feeding wheel are driven by driving motor；The powder feeding outlet is connected by the powder inlet of powder feeding pipe and powder-feeding mouth It connects；

The monitoring system further includes the plasma generator controller controlled to the plasma generator, to supplying Detection of gas flow rate unit that the gas flow of tracheae is measured in real time controls the flow control valve installed on air supply pipe The gas flow controller of system, the powder mass flow detection unit that the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe is measured in real time and to driving electricity The powder feeding flow controller that machine is controlled, the powder mass flow detection unit are connect with powder feeding flow controller；It is described it is equal from Sub- generator controller is connect with the plasma generator, and the detection of gas flow rate unit connects with gas flow controller It connects, the distance detection unit is connect with gas flow controller；

Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the first basis of data processing equipment described in step 1 pre-establishes Gas and powder mass flow database, and in conjunction with the thickness of the preset shape layer, to the base gas flow of air supply pipe It is determined with the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe；

The gas and powder mass flow databases contain powder feeding flow needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness and Base gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe is bigger, described Base gas flow is bigger；

In horizontal stamp pad moving process described in step 401 and step 4022, the powder mass flow detection unit is to sending The powder feeding flow of tube cell is measured in real time and by institute's detection information synchronous driving to powder feeding flow controller, the powder feeding flow Controller is according to the powder feeding flow and combining powder flow detection unit institute's detection information of predetermined powder feeding pipe to driving electricity Machine is controlled, and keeps the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe identical as predetermined powder feeding flow；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller is examined according to detection of gas flow rate unit Measurement information and by control flow control valve the gas flow of air supply pipe is adjusted to the base gas flow；In step 401 In bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe is the base gas flow；

It carries out printing in step 4022 and synchronize in temperature control process, the gas flow controller is according to detection of gas flow rate Unit institute's detection information simultaneously combines distance detection unit institute detecting distance information, and by controlling flow control valve to air supply pipe Gas flow is increased and decreased adjustment；Also, the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad are bigger, the air supply pipe Gas flow it is bigger.

The above method, it is characterized in that：It is described to send in horizontal stamp pad moving process described in step 401 and step 4022 The powder feeding flow of tube cell is 2g/min~200g/min；

It, will be between the powder feeding mouth and horizontal stamp pad of the dust feeder before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4 Distance is adjusted to preset powder feeding height, and the powder feeding height is 5mm~1000mm；It is successively beaten from the bottom to top in step 4 During print, the powder feeding mouth position of the dust feeder is motionless.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：

1, used plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment simple structure and reasonable design and input cost it is relatively low, It is convenient that processing and fabricating and installation are laid.

2, used plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment is not necessarily to closed molding room, and does not need protective atmosphere Or vacuum environment, workpiece shaping process directly carry out under atmospheric environment.Thus, structure is very simple, and forming part ruler Very little unrestricted, equipment price is relatively low.

3, the printed material (i.e. powder) of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment supplies in energy source beam-plasma (the drop plasma beam of material), the moulding cylinder system for not needing powdering does not need powdering system, it is only necessary to a dust feeder , structure significantly simplifies.

4, used plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment easy to use, intelligence degree and shaping efficiency Height, using effect are good, and the quality of institute's shaping workpiece is high.Used monitoring system includes being carried out to stamp pad position regulator The position adjustment controller of control treats temperature detecting unit that shaping workpiece upper surface temperature is measured in real time, to nozzle The distance detection unit that is measured in real time with the distance between horizontal stamp pad of outlet and to printing distance adjusting means into The printing of row control is connect apart from adjusting control device, position adjustment controller with stamp pad position regulator, and printing distance is adjusted Section controller is connect with printing distance adjusting means, and temperature detecting unit and distance detection unit are with printing apart from adjusting control Device connects；Temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing apart from adjusting control device.In actual use, temperature tune Printing in control system carries out printing distance adjusting means according to temperature detecting unit institute's detection information apart from adjusting control device Control so that printing distance energy automatic adjusument can prevent the molding that completion has been printed caused by printing hypotelorism in this way There is the problem of fusing again in layer, and can also prevent caused by printing hypertelorism formed precision is relatively low, melts liquid stream spraying The problems such as being solidified before to next printable layer upper surface so that forming process is easily controllable, and realizes conveniently, while energy It effectively prevent workpiece surface to aoxidize, because without closed vacuum environment is arranged.In addition, used monitoring system is also wrapped Gas flow automatic adjusument and powder feed rate automatic adjusument function are included, intelligence degree is high.

5, the energy source that plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment uses is beam-plasma, and beam-plasma power is up to number Ten kilowatts, metal, ceramics, resin and other composite materials can be melted, realizes the 3D printing of above-mentioned material part.Generate etc. from The plasma generator (being specifically plasma gun) of beamlet is simple in structure, and operation expense is low, and equipment cost is low.

6, the melting liquid stream of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment institute printed material is in plasma beam, plasma Shu Benshen has protective effect, adds the effect of working gas, can effectively prevent the oxidation of printed material, which does not need Protective atmosphere or vacuum environment directly use under atmospheric environment, with device structure is simple, operating cost is low, forming part The advantages that size is unrestricted.

7, the dust feeder of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment drives powder wheel to rotate and pass through using direct current generator Working gas auxiliary send powder into beam-plasma, and a powder or prilling powder can be used, do not need spherical powder.This sets Standby printed material is at low cost.

8, for materials behavior by settable liquid at solid-state, technical process is simple when the printing of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment Change, reduces the technology difficulty and cost of 3D printing.Meanwhile working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) Under the action of, the powder of dust feeder submitting, which accelerates in beam-plasma, heats and is fused into molten condition, forms small liquid Drop, molten melt drop after fusing is continuous and forms liquid stream and is sprayed together with beam-plasma, formed in band melting liquid stream wait from Beamlet stream；After being sprayed with beam-plasma due to the melting liquid stream that the powder that dust feeder is continuously sent out is formed after fusing, formed The interior microstream that liquid stream is melted with printed material forms the cladding manufacture rapid shaping of casting type, avoids molten drop cooled and solidified The rounded constrictions phenomenon generated when molding, part high mechanical properties, surface is smooth, reduces the technology difficulty of rapid shaping.

9, used plasma cladding manufacture quick molding method step is simple, reasonable design and realization are convenient, uses Effect is good, and beam-plasma has protective effect, does not need protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, is directly beaten under atmospheric environment Print.Also, printed material supplies in energy source beam-plasma (the melting liquid stream plasma beam of material), does not need powdering Moulding cylinder system.When printing, by settable liquid at solid-state, technical process simplifies materials behavior, and the technique for reducing 3D printing is difficult Degree and cost, and it is no longer size-limited to print part.As shown in the above, the present invention is to traditional plasma surfacing side Method is substantially improved, existing plasma surfacing method be generally both provided with plasma arc pressure Height-adjusting device, plasma gun with The distance of workpiece surface is not more than 15mm, and the scope of application is limited.And in the present invention, printing distance can be adjusted interior on a large scale Section adapts to unlike material and prints demand, and workpiece shaping quality can be effectively ensured.

Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that plasma cladding of the present invention manufactures rapid shaping.

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 3 is the schematic block circuit diagram of monitoring system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is structural schematic diagram of the present invention into compression ring.

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of air inlet ring body of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the flow diagram that plasma cladding of the present invention manufactures quick molding method.

Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Reference sign:

1-feeder；2-powder feeders；3-workpiece to be formed；

4-horizontal stamp pads；5-air supply pipes；6-powder-feeding mouths；

7-plasma generator controllers；8-distance detection units；9-temperature detecting units；

10-printings are apart from adjusting control device；11-detection of gas flow rate units；

12-gas flow controllers；13-plasma guns；13-1-gun body；

13-2-anode nozzle；13-3-cathode；13-4-arc chamber；

13-5-spout；13-6-insulating layer；14-driving motors；

15-positions adjust controller；16-three axis numerically controlled machines；17-upper and lower adjusting apparatus；

18-powder mass flow detection units；20-powder feeding flow controllers；

21-into compression ring；21-1-air inlet ring body；21-2-annular sealing cover；

21-3-annular air inlet duct；21-4-outside air admission hole；21-5-inside air admission hole；

22-powder feeding pipes；23-PC machine；24-flow control valves.

Specific implementation mode

A kind of plasma cladding as shown in Figure 1 manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterised in that：By monitoring system, etc. from Beamlet stream system of processing and print platform composition, the print platform include 4 He of horizontal stamp pad placed for workpiece 3 to be formed To the stamp pad position regulator that the position of horizontal stamp pad 4 is adjusted, the horizontal stamp pad 4 is installed on the printing On platform position regulator.

The plasma beam system of processing by be equipped with nozzle and for generate beam-plasma plasma generator, Printing distance adjusting means that the outlet of the nozzle is adjusted with the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4, for it is described etc. from Daughter generator provide working gas feeder 1 and for continuously generated to the plasma generator it is described etc. from The dust feeder composition of printed material is sent into beamlet；The plasma generator is located at 4 top of horizontal stamp pad and it is pacified In the printing distance adjusting means, the dust feeder is located at 4 top of horizontal stamp pad and it is located at the plasma Body generator side；The feeder 1 is connect by air supply pipe 5 with the air inlet opened on the plasma generator； The powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is located at below the outlet of the nozzle and it is located on the central axis of the beam-plasma.Institute It is powder to state printed material.

As shown in figure 3, the monitoring system includes the position adjustment controlled the stamp pad position regulator Controller 15 treats temperature detecting unit 9, the outlet to the nozzle that 3 upper surface temperature of shaping workpiece is measured in real time Distance detection unit 8 that the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 is measured in real time and to the printing distance adjusting means into The printing of row control connects apart from adjusting control device 10, the position adjustment controller 15 with the stamp pad position regulator It connects, the printing is connect apart from adjusting control device 10 with the printing distance adjusting means, the temperature detecting unit 9 and distance Detection unit 8 is connect with printing apart from adjusting control device 10；The temperature detecting unit 9 is with printing apart from adjusting control device 10 Form temperature control device.The temperature detecting unit 9 be to the plasma beam system of processing on workpiece 3 to be formed The infrared temperature sensor that temperature is measured in real time at print position.The distance detection unit 8 is laser range sensor.

In the present embodiment, the monitoring system further includes that the plasma controlled the plasma generator occurs Controller 7, the detection of gas flow rate unit 11 that the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is measured in real time and to being installed on air supply pipe 5 The gas flow controller 12 that is controlled of flow control valve 24, the plasma generator controller 7 and the plasma Generator connects, and the detection of gas flow rate unit 11 is connect with gas flow controller 12.

As shown in Fig. 2, the plasma generator includes plasma gun 13, the nozzle is 13 front end of plasma gun Anode nozzle 13-2；The plasma gun 13 includes being provided with the gun body 13-1 of the air inlet, immediately ahead of gun body 13-1 Anode nozzle 13-2 and the cathode 13-3, the anode nozzle 13-2 that are plugged in gun body 13-1 are located at the front sides cathode 13-3, institute State that arc chamber 13-4 is located on front side of cathode 13-3 and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle 13-2, the anode nozzle 13-2's Front inner is spout 13-5；The anode nozzle 13-2, cathode 13-3 and arc chamber 13-4 are in coaxial cloth with gun body 13-1 If；The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body 13-1, the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 in it is coaxial lay or with the gun body 13- Angle between 1 central axis is 30 °~45 °.

In actual use, the plasma gun 13 is mounted in the printing distance adjusting means.

In actual use, the plasma gun 13 can also use conventional other plasma guns.

In the present embodiment, insulating layer 13-6 is provided between the anode nozzle 13-2 and gun body 13-1.

In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 is laid in coaxial.

In the present embodiment, the air supply pipe 5 is by into the air inlet opened on compression ring 21 and the plasma generator Connection.Also, by uniformly being supplied into the plasma generator into compression ring 21.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, it is described into compression ring 21 be circular ring shape and it include air inlet ring body 21-1 and lid be mounted in air inlet There are one rings to be opened on circular ring shape and its madial wall by annular sealing cover 21-2, the air inlet ring body 21-1 on ring body 21-1 Open that there are one in the outside air admission hole 21-4 that connects with air supply pipe 5 and its on shape air inlet duct 21-3, the air inlet ring body 21-1 Side is provided with multiple inside air admission hole 21-5, and multiple inside air admission hole 21-5 are along the circumferential direction uniformly distributed and it is respectively positioned on ring On the inside of shape air inlet duct 21-3, the outside air admission hole 21-4 is located on the outside of annular air inlet duct 21-3, the outside air admission hole 21-4 It is communicated with inside annular air inlet duct 21-3 with multiple inside air admission hole 21-5.

Also, it is along the circumferential direction provided with and multiple is communicated respectively with multiple inside air admission hole 21-5 on the gun body 13-1 Gun body air admission hole.

During 13 use of plasma gun as shown in Figure 2, plasma is generated in the arc chamber 13-4, it is generated Plasma forms beam-plasma and is sprayed through spout 13-5.

In the present embodiment, the working gas is inert gas or H₂Gas.

Wherein, inert gas is Ar gas, He gas and N₂Gas.

In the present embodiment, the stamp pad position regulator is three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

Thus, the position adjustment controller 15 is the controller of three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

In actual use, the stamp pad position regulator can also can complete X, Y and three directions of Z axis using other The device of movement.

In actual use, between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates Angle be not more than 45 °；The printing distance adjusting means are the central axis along the beam-plasma to nozzle progress Adjusting apparatus 17 up and down adjusted up and down, the distance detection unit 8 are to the central axis along the beam-plasma from described The distance detection device for exporting to the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 and being measured in real time of nozzle.

In the present embodiment, the adjusting apparatus 17 up and down is Z-direction adjusting apparatus.

Also, the adjusting apparatus 17 up and down is telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

In the present embodiment, the central axis for the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates is in vertically to laying.It is real Border is in use, can according to specific needs, to the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates Between angle adjust accordingly.

In the present embodiment, the dust feeder includes powder feeder 2 and powder-feeding mouth 6, and the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is to send The meal outlet of powder mouth 6；The powder feeder 2 includes being provided with the shell and sending in the shell that feed inlet is exported with powder feeding Powder wheel, the powder feeding wheel are driven by driving motor 14；The powder inlet that the powder feeding outlet passes through powder feeding pipe 22 and powder-feeding mouth 6 Connection.The powder is the powder of 3 material therefor of workpiece (i.e. printed material) to be formed, to the shape of powder without particular/special requirement.

In the present embodiment, the driving motor 14 is direct current generator.In actual use, by changing the direct current The rotating speed of machine carries out easy, quickly adjustment to the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22.

In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 3, the monitoring system further includes being examined in real time to the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22 The powder mass flow detection unit 18 of survey and the powder feeding flow controller 20 that driving motor 14 is controlled, the powder mass flow inspection Unit 18 is surveyed to connect with powder feeding flow controller 20.

In actual use, the monitoring system further includes respectively to horizontal stamp pad 4 in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction The first displacement detecting unit, second displacement detection unit and the third displacement detecting unit that displacement is measured in real time, described One displacement detecting unit, second displacement detection unit and third displacement detecting unit are connect with position adjustment controller 15.

In the present embodiment, the plasma generator controller 7, position adjustment controller 15, is beaten gas flow controller 12 Print connects with the data processing equipment apart from adjusting control device 10 and powder feeding flow controller 20, the data processing equipment For PC machine 23.The feeder 1 carries out start-up and shut-down control by PC machine 23.

A kind of plasma cladding as shown in FIG. 6 manufactures quick molding method, includes the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and tune The three-dimensional stereo model that workpiece 3 to be formed is obtained with image processing module recalls hierarchy slicing module and treats shaping workpiece 3 Three-dimensional stereo model carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering cross-sectional images；

It is multiple it is described layering cross-sectional images be treat shaping workpiece 3 three-dimensional stereo model carry out hierarchy slicing after obtain it is more The image in a layering section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 4: successively printing from the bottom to top：According to obtained in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths, It successively treats shaping workpiece 3 from the bottom to top to be printed, finished workpart made of acquisition is stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers； The quantity of the shape layer is identical as the quantity in section is layered described in step 1, the installation position difference of multiple shape layers With it is multiple it is described layering sections installation positions correspond and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer with it is two neighboring The distance between the layering section is identical, in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths be respectively it is multiple it is described at The printing path of type layer；The Method of printing all same of multiple shape layers；When treating shaping workpiece 3 and being printed, process is such as Under：

Step 401, bottom printing：The position adjustment controller 15 is currently printed as according to acquired in step 3 The printing path of type layer, the stamp pad position regulator is controlled and drive horizontal stamp pad 4 in the horizontal plane into Row movement；In 4 moving process of horizontal stamp pad, interior band is melted the plasma of liquid stream by the plasma beam system of processing Line is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad 4；Liquid stream (the melting liquid stream specifically flowing on horizontal stamp pad 4) to be melted solidifies Afterwards, the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed；

Step 402, last layer printing, include the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：The position adjustment controller 15 is by controlling stamp pad position tune Engagement positions, the horizontal stamp pad of drive 4 are once moved down and move down height and the shape layer in the vertical direction Thickness it is identical；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The position adjustment controller 15 is current acquired in step 3 The printing path of institute's printing shaping layer controls the stamp pad position regulator and drives horizontal stamp pad 4 in water It is moved in plane；In 4 moving process of horizontal stamp pad, interior band is melted liquid stream by the plasma beam system of processing Plasma beam be continuously sprayed onto on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；Liquid stream to be melted is (specific To flow to the melting liquid stream on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer) solidify after, complete current institute The print procedure of printing shaping layer；

In this step, in 4 moving process of horizontal stamp pad, by temperature detecting unit 9 to currently printed The upper surface temperature of next shape layer is measured in real time and by detected temperature information synchronous driving to printing distance Adjusting control device 10, while the distance between outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 are carried out by distance detection unit 8 Detection in real time simultaneously extremely prints the range information synchronous driving detected apart from adjusting control device 10；The printing distance, which is adjusted, to be controlled Temperature information that device 10 processed is detected according to temperature detecting unit 9 and by controlling the printing distance adjusting means to the spray The distance between the outlet of head and horizontal stamp pad 4 are adjusted, and make the upper of current printed next shape layer Surface temperature is not higher than 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece 3 to be formed；

In 4 moving process of horizontal stamp pad described in step 401 and step 4022, the dust feeder continuously sends out printing Material, while sent out printed material is melted by the beam-plasma that the plasma beam system of processing generates, and So that sent out printed material melts the molten melt drop to be formed continuously and forms liquid stream；The liquid stream is distributed in the beam-plasma It is interior, form the interior plasma beam with melting liquid stream；The printed material is dusty material (i.e. powder)；

Step 402 is repeated several times in step 403, until completing the print procedure of 3 all shape layers of workpiece to be formed.

In actual use, the dust feeder is synchronous powder feeding system device, and the powder that the dust feeder is sent out is in institute It states and is sent into the plasma generator under the action of working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas), and send Enter the powder in the beam-plasma to accelerate, heat and be molten into melting liquid stream.Also, the melting liquid stream is in the work gas Central axis under the action of body (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) along the beam-plasma moves.Thus, it is real During the use of border, by changing the flow of the working gas, the powder sending quantity being sent into beam-plasma can also be carried out corresponding Adjustment.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the root of data processing equipment elder generation described in step 1 According to the material fusing point and printing range data library pre-established, and combine the work to be formed pre-entered by parameter input unit The Material Name of part 3, the basis printing distance for treating shaping workpiece 3 are determined；The parameter input unit and the data Processing equipment connects；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is apart from adjusting control device 10 according to 8 institute of distance detection unit The range information of detection and will be between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 by controlling the printing distance adjusting means Distance be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle is printed with horizontal The distance between platform 4 is that the basis prints distance；

Before carrying out printing and synchronizing temperature control in step 4022, the printing is detected apart from adjusting control device 10 according to distance Range information that unit 8 is detected simultaneously combines moving down number and moving down height every time for horizontal stamp pad 4, and passes through Control the printing distance adjusting means exporting for the nozzle is upper with current printed next shape layer The distance between surface is adjusted to the basis printing distance；To the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 in step 4022 The distance between when being adjusted, the printing is believed apart from adjusting control device 10 according to the temperature that temperature detecting unit 9 is detected It ceases and the range information that is detected in conjunction with distance detection unit 8 is to the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 It is adjusted, makes the upper surface temperature control of current printed next shape layer in the material of workpiece 3 to be formed Between 0.1 times of fusing point~0.6 times；Also, the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 are adjusted When, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the root of data processing equipment elder generation described in step 1 According to the gas and powder mass flow database pre-established, and in conjunction with the thickness of the preset shape layer, to air supply pipe 5 Base gas flow and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22 are determined；

The gas and powder mass flow databases contain powder feeding flow needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness and Base gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22 is bigger, institute It is bigger to state base gas flow；

In 4 moving process of horizontal stamp pad described in step 401 and step 4022, the powder mass flow detection unit 18 is right The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22 is measured in real time and by institute's detection information synchronous driving to powder feeding flow controller 20, described to send Powder flow controller 20 is detected according to the powder feeding flow and combining powder flow detection unit 18 of predetermined powder feeding pipe 22 Information controls driving motor 14, keeps the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 22 identical as predetermined powder feeding flow；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller 12 is according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Institute's detection information and by control flow control valve 24 gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is adjusted to the base gas flow；Step In rapid 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe 5 is the base gas flow；

It carries out printing in step 4022 and synchronize in temperature control process, the gas flow controller 12 is examined according to gas flow It surveys 11 detection informations of unit and combines 8 detecting distance information of distance detection unit, and is right by controlling flow control valve 24 The gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is increased and decreased adjustment；Also, the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 are bigger, The gas flow of the air supply pipe 5 is bigger.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of the workpiece 3 to be formed, pro/e, UG, CATIA etc. three is utilized Dimension graphics software designs the three-dimensional stereo model (i.e. three-dimensional entity model) of workpiece 3 to be formed, then passes through the hierarchy slicing Module carries out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model, and obtains the outline data in each section, and generating filling by outline data sweeps Path is retouched, the corresponding machining path (printing path in i.e. each layering section) for obtaining three axis numerically controlled machine 16.Thus, step 1 and Method employed in step 2, the method phase used with the molding of conventional laser selective melting or electron beam selective melting molding Together.Later, the three axis numerically controlled machine 16 carries out X in the horizontal plane according to the machining path obtained and Y direction is moved through Cheng Zhong, the plasma beam system of processing by interior band melt liquid stream plasma beam be continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad 4 or On the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；After melting liquid stream solidifies, one shape layer of completion Print procedure；Then, the three axis numerically controlled machine 16 declines in the Z-axis direction, successively prints, to complete beating for 3 d part Print process.

In the present embodiment, in 4 moving process of horizontal stamp pad described in step 401 and step 4022, the powder feeding pipe 22 Powder feeding flow be 2g/min~200g/min；

The distance between the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder and print job face are 5mm~1000mm.Wherein, print job Face is the plane residing for current institute's printing shaping layer, the distance between the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder and the print job face For powder feeding height.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, by the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder and level The distance between stamp pad 4 is adjusted to preset powder feeding height, and the powder feeding height is 5mm~1000mm；In step 4 From the bottom to top successively in print procedure, the powder feeding mouth position of the dust feeder is motionless.

The distance between powder feeding mouth and horizontal stamp pad 4 of dust feeder described in step 401 are wire feed height, step The powder feeding mouth of dust feeder described in 4022 is with current printed the distance between next shape layer upper surface Wire feed height.

Embodiment 2

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, used plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment is different from embodiment 1 Be：Angle between the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 central axis is 30 °~45 °.

In this way, after being changed to the direction of the beam-plasma by spout 13-5, plasma jet can be effectively reduced To the thermic load impact that anode nozzle 13-2 is generated, anode ablation situation is improved.

In the present embodiment, the rest part structure of used plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment, connection relation and Operation principle is same as Example 1.

In the present embodiment, used plasma cladding manufacture quick molding method is same as Example 1.

The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not imposed any restrictions to the present invention, every according to the present invention Technical spirit changes any simple modification, change and equivalent structure made by above example, still falls within skill of the present invention In the protection domain of art scheme.

Claims

1. a kind of plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterised in that：By monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing It is formed with print platform, the print platform includes printing for the horizontal stamp pad (4) of workpiece to be formed (3) placement and to level The stamp pad position regulator that the position of platform (4) is adjusted, the horizontal stamp pad (4) are installed on the stamp pad position In adjusting apparatus；

The plasma beam system of processing is by being equipped with nozzle and for generating the plasma generator of beam-plasma, to institute Printing distance adjusting means that the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) for stating nozzle are adjusted are the plasma Body generator provide working gas feeder (1) and for continuously generated to the plasma generator it is described etc. from The dust feeder composition of printed material is sent into beamlet；The plasma generator is located above horizontal stamp pad (4) and it In the printing distance adjusting means, the dust feeder is located above horizontal stamp pad (4) and it is positioned at described etc. Plasma generator side；The feeder (1) passes through the air inlet opened on air supply pipe (5) and the plasma generator Mouth connection；The powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is located at below the outlet of the nozzle and it is located at the central shaft of the beam-plasma On line；

The monitoring system includes that the position controlled the stamp pad position regulator adjusts controller (15), treats Temperature detecting unit (9), the outlet to the nozzle and the horizontal printing that shaping workpiece (3) upper surface temperature is measured in real time The distance detection unit (8) and the printing distance adjusting means are controlled that the distance between platform (4) is measured in real time Printing apart from adjusting control device (10), the position adjustment controller (15) connect with the stamp pad position regulator, The printing is connect apart from adjusting control device (10) with the printing distance adjusting means, the temperature detecting unit (9) and away from It is connect with adjusting control device (10) with a distance from printing from detection unit (8)；The temperature detecting unit (9) is adjusted with printing distance Controller (10) forms temperature control device；

Angle between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates is not more than 45 °；Institute It is the adjustment up and down for the nozzle adjust up and down along the central axis of the beam-plasma to state printing distance adjusting means Device (17), the distance detection unit (8) are to export to water from the nozzle to the central axis along the beam-plasma The distance detection device that the distance between flat stamp pad (4) is measured in real time.

2. a kind of plasma cladding described in accordance with the claim 1 manufactures rapid forming equipment, it is characterised in that：The monitoring system System further includes the plasma generator controller (7) controlled to the plasma generator, to the gas stream of air supply pipe (5) It measures the detection of gas flow rate unit (11) being measured in real time and the flow control valve (24) installed on air supply pipe (5) is controlled The gas flow controller (12) of system, the plasma generator controller (7) connect with the plasma generator, the gas Body flow detection unit (11) is connect with gas flow controller (12).

3. according to a kind of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：It is described etc. Plasma generator includes plasma gun (13), and the nozzle is the anode nozzle (13-2) of plasma gun (13) front end；It is described Plasma gun (13) includes the gun body (13-1) for being provided with the air inlet, the anode nozzle (13- immediately ahead of gun body (13-1) 2) be located on front side of cathode (13-3) with the cathode (13-3) that is plugged in gun body (13-1), the anode nozzle (13-2), discharge Room (13-4) is located on front side of cathode (13-3) and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle (13-2), the anode nozzle (13-2) Front inner be spout (13-5)；The anode nozzle (13-2), cathode (13-3) and arc chamber (13-4) are and gun body (13-1) is laid in coaxial；The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body (13-1), and the spout (13-5) is with gun body (13-1) in same Axis is laid or the angle between gun body (13-1) central axis is 30 °~45 °.

4. according to a kind of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：It is described to send Powder device includes powder feeder (2) and powder-feeding mouth (6), and the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth (6)；It is described to send Powder device (2) includes the shell for being provided with feed inlet and powder feeding outlet and the powder feeding wheel in the shell, the powder feeding wheel by Driving motor (14) is driven；The powder feeding outlet is connect by powder feeding pipe (22) with the powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth (6).

5. a kind of plasma cladding manufactures rapid forming equipment according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The monitoring system System further includes the powder mass flow detection unit (18) being measured in real time to the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (22) and to driving motor (14) the powder feeding flow controller (20) controlled, the powder mass flow detection unit (18) and powder feeding flow controller (20) Connection.

6. according to a kind of plasma cladding manufacture rapid forming equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：It is described to beat Ink pad position regulator is three axis numerically controlled machine (16).

7. a kind for the treatment of the molding method of shaping workpiece progress using rapid forming equipment as described in claim 1, feature exists In：This approach includes the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be formed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and calling figure As the three-dimensional stereo model of processing module acquisition workpiece (3) to be formed, recalls hierarchy slicing module and treat shaping workpiece (3) Three-dimensional stereo model carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering cross-sectional images；

It is multiple it is described layering cross-sectional images be treat shaping workpiece (3) three-dimensional stereo model progress hierarchy slicing after obtain it is multiple It is layered the image in section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scan path is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, to multiple in step 1 The layering cross-sectional image is respectively processed, and completes the scan path filling process in multiple layering sections, is obtained more The scan path in a layering section；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is according to the multiple layering sections obtained in step 2 Scan path obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with the layering The scan path in section is identical；

Step 4: successively printing from the bottom to top：According to the printing path in the multiple layering sections obtained in step 3, under Supreme shaping workpiece (3) of successively treating is printed, finished workpart made of acquisition is stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers；Institute State that the quantity of shape layer is identical as the quantity in section is layered described in step 1, the installation positions of multiple shape layers respectively with The installation position in multiple layering sections corresponds and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer and two neighboring institute It is identical to state the distance between layering section, multiple printing paths for being layered sections are respectively multiple moldings in step 3 The printing path of layer；When treating shaping workpiece (3) and being printed, process is as follows：

Step 401, bottom printing：The position adjustment controller (15) is according to current institute's printing shaping acquired in step 3 Layer printing path, the stamp pad position regulator is controlled and drive horizontal stamp pad (4) in the horizontal plane into Row movement；In horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process, the plasma beam system of processing by interior band melt liquid stream it is equal from Beamlet stream is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad (4)；After melting liquid stream solidifies, the printing of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed Journey；

Step 402, last layer printing, include the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：The position adjustment controller (15) is adjusted by controlling the stamp pad position Device drives horizontal stamp pad (4) once to be moved down in the vertical direction and moves down height and the shape layer Thickness it is identical；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The position adjustment controller (15) is according to current institute acquired in step 3 The printing path of printing shaping layer controls the stamp pad position regulator and drives horizontal stamp pad (4) in water It is moved in plane；In horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process, the plasma beam system of processing is by interior band molten liquid The plasma beam of stream is continuously sprayed onto on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；Liquid stream to be melted is solidifying After Gu, the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed；

In this step, in horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process, by temperature detecting unit (9) to currently printed The upper surface temperature of next shape layer is measured in real time and by detected temperature information synchronous driving to printing distance Adjusting control device (10), at the same by distance detection unit (8) between the outlet and horizontal stamp pad (4) of the nozzle away from From be measured in real time and by the range information synchronous driving detected to printing with a distance from adjusting control device (10)；It is described printing away from The temperature information that is detected according to temperature detecting unit (9) from adjusting control device (10) and by controlling the printing distance adjusting The distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) is adjusted in device, makes current printed next The upper surface temperature of the shape layer is not higher than 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece to be formed (3)；

In horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process described in step 401 and step 4022, the dust feeder continuously sends out printing material Material, while sent out printed material is melted by the beam-plasma that the plasma beam system of processing generates, and make Sent out printed material is obtained to melt the molten melt drop to be formed continuously and form liquid stream；The liquid stream is distributed in the beam-plasma It is interior, form the interior plasma beam with melting liquid stream；

Step 402 is repeated several times in step 403, until completing the print procedure of all shape layers of workpiece (3) to be formed.

8. treating shaping workpiece according to claim 7 carries out molding method, it is characterised in that：In step 4 by down toward On successively print before, data processing equipment described in step 1 is first according to the material fusing point that pre-establishes and printing range data Library, and the Material Name of the workpiece to be formed (3) pre-entered by parameter input unit is combined, treat shaping workpiece (3) Basis printing distance is determined；The parameter input unit connects with the data processing equipment；

The material fusing point and printing range information of various material are stored in the material fusing point and printing range data library, each The material fusing point and printing range information of the material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material；It is described Basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is closer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is apart from adjusting control device (10) according to distance detection unit (8) institute The range information of detection and by control the printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) it Between distance be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle is beaten with horizontal The distance between ink pad (4) is that the basis prints distance；

Before carrying out printing and synchronizing temperature control in step 4022, the printing is single according to distance detection apart from adjusting control device (10) The number that moves down of range information and the horizontal stamp pad of combination (4) that first (8) are detected moves down height with each, and logical It crosses and controls the printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of the nozzle and current printed next shape layer The distance between upper surface is adjusted to the basis printing distance；To the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad in step 4022 The distance between (4) when being adjusted, described print is detected apart from adjusting control device (10) according to temperature detecting unit (9) Temperature information simultaneously combines outlet and horizontal stamp pad (4) of the range information that distance detection unit (8) is detected to the nozzle The distance between be adjusted, so that the upper surface temperature of current printed next shape layer is controlled in work to be formed Between 0.1 times of the material fusing point of part (3)~0.6 times；Also, between the outlet to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) When distance is adjusted, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

9. carrying out molding method according to the shaping workpiece for the treatment of described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that：The powder feeding dress It sets including powder feeder (2) and powder-feeding mouth (6), the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth (6)；The powder feeder (2) include the shell for being provided with feed inlet and powder feeding outlet and the powder feeding wheel in the shell, the powder feeding wheel is by driving Motor (14) is driven；The powder feeding outlet is connect by powder feeding pipe (22) with the powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth (6)；

The monitoring system further includes the plasma generator controller (7) controlled to the plasma generator, to supplying Detection of gas flow rate unit (11) that the gas flow of tracheae (5) is measured in real time, the flow tune to being installed on air supply pipe (5) Save the gas flow controller (12) that valve (24) is controlled, the powder being measured in real time to the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (22) Flow detection unit (18) and the powder feeding flow controller (20) that driving motor (14) is controlled, the powder mass flow detection Unit (18) is connect with powder feeding flow controller (20)；The plasma generator controller (7) and the plasma generator Connection, the detection of gas flow rate unit (11) connect with gas flow controller (12), the distance detection unit (8) and gas Body flow controller (12) connects；

Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, data processing equipment described in step 1 is first according to the gas pre-established And powder mass flow database, and in conjunction with the thickness of the preset shape layer, base gas flow to air supply pipe (5) and The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (6) is determined；

The gas and powder mass flow databases contain powder feeding flow and basis needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness Gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (6) is bigger, described Base gas flow is bigger；

In horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process described in step 401 and step 4022, the powder mass flow detection unit (18) is right The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (22) is measured in real time and by institute's detection information synchronous driving to powder feeding flow controller (20), institute State powder feeding flow and combining powder flow detection unit of the powder feeding flow controller (20) according to predetermined powder feeding pipe (22) (18) institute's detection information controls driving motor (14), make the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (22) with predetermined powder feeding Flow is identical；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller (12) is according to detection of gas flow rate unit (11) Institute's detection information and the gas flow of air supply pipe (5) is adjusted to the base gas stream by controlling flow control valve (24) Amount；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe (5) is the base gas flow；

It carries out printing in step 4022 and synchronize in temperature control process, the gas flow controller (12) is according to detection of gas flow rate Unit (11) institute's detection information simultaneously combines distance detection unit (8) institute detecting distance information, and by controlling flow control valve (24) adjustment is increased and decreased to the gas flow of air supply pipe (5)；Also, between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) Distance it is bigger, the gas flow of the air supply pipe (5) is bigger.

10. carrying out molding method according to the shaping workpiece for the treatment of described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that：Step 401 and In horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process described in step 4022, the powder feeding flow of the powder feeding pipe (22) is 2g/min~200g/ min；

It, will be between the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder and horizontal stamp pad (4) before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4 Distance is adjusted to preset powder feeding height, and the powder feeding height is 5mm~1000mm；It is successively beaten from the bottom to top in step 4 During print, the powder feeding mouth position of the dust feeder is motionless.