CN105922574B - A kind of plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of plasma claddings to manufacture 3D printing device and method, and the equipment is by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and the horizontal stamp pad of workpiece to be printed placement is supplied to form；Plasma beam system of processing from plasma generator, feeder, into beam-plasma be sent into powder dust feeder and print position adjusting apparatus form；Monitoring system includes that position adjustment controller, temperature detecting unit, distance detection unit and printing form temperature control device apart from adjusting control device, temperature detecting unit and printing apart from adjusting control device；The method comprising the steps of：One, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be printed obtains and hierarchy slicing is handled；Two, scan path is filled；Three, printing path obtains；Four, it successively prints from the bottom to top.Reasonable design of the present invention, easy to operate and shaping efficiency is high, using effect is good, is not necessarily to closed molding room, and do not need protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, workpiece shaping process directly carries out under atmospheric environment.

Description

A kind of plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing device and method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rapid shaping technique fields, and 3D printing equipment and side are manufactured more particularly, to a kind of plasma cladding Method.

Background technology

3D printing, educational circles are known as increasing material manufacturing (Addi t ive Manufactur ing, AM), are set using computer Count the technology for the method manufacture physical item successively accumulated using material.The technology starts from the fast short-term training of the 1980s Type technology, there are three the features of aspect for tool：First, the great leap of manufacturing technology.3D printing is digitizing technique and manufacturing technology Merge the burgeoning digital manufacturing technology expedited the emergence of；Second is that the deep reform of manufacturing process.3D printing changes traditional cutting Cooked mode greatly reduces manufacturing procedure, can be obviously shortened development cost and the period of new product；Third, manufacturing mode Important breakthrough.Personalized, customized production may be implemented to complicated, unmanageable product in 3D printing technique, so as to change Become traditional large-scale mass production mode, brings the important breakthrough of manufacturing mode.

Currently, metal parts rapid shaping technique is mainly precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology (Select both at home and abroad Ive laser mel t ing, SLM).Such as United States Patent (USP) " the PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR of Patent No. US7047098 PRODUCING A SHAPED BODY BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING " be described in detail it is a kind of utilize 3-dimensional digital The precinct laser fusion manufacturing process and its equipment of model manufacturing densification part.The middle promulgated by the State Council of Publication No. CN 102266942A Bright patent " the directly precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of manufacture heavy parts " discloses a kind of directly manufacture large compact The precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of part, the equipment mainly include laser array, optical system array, moulding cylinder, The three-dimensional heat stepwise insulation construction of moulding cylinder, moulding cylinder weight balancing system, substrate levelling device, double recovery tanks, double storage powder Case, double quantitative powder feedings and powder discharging device, power spreading device, protective atmosphere cover, gas purge system, control system.Publication No. The Chinese invention patent " a kind of Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method and its device " of CN1603031A discloses A kind of Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method and its device, the device include semiconductor pumped YAG laser or Optical fiber laser, light beam focusing system, molded part cylinder and powder cylinder, semiconductor pumped YAG laser or optical fiber laser and light Beam focusing system is connected, and focuses scanning in molded part cylinder, and molded part cylinder is connected by powdering roller with powder cylinder, powdering Roller is connected with driving motor, and driving motor is connected with computer.The Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN103071795A " mobile galvanometer selective laser melting SLM formers " discloses a kind of mobile galvanometer selective laser melting SLM formings and sets It is standby.The equipment includes the Y-axis straight-line electric with X-axis linear motor and longitudinal rail group with cross slide way group by communication line The digital control system that machine is connected, X-axis linear motor and Y-axis linear motor constitute turntable driving structure, the turntable driving structure It is drivingly connected with laser bundle-enlarging collimation microscope group, laser bundle-enlarging collimation microscope group bottom is caught in galvanometer unit, is set below galvanometer unit It is equipped with forming work package, inert gas gas curtain is provided between forming work package and galvanometer unit.

But currently, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology is also primarily present following three aspects problem：

The first, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, to avoid in forming process The oxidation of metal parts, this keeps laser fast shaping device structure complicated, and forming part size is restricted.In addition, constituency is swashed Light fusion rapid molding technology is typically necessary the moulding cylinder system of powdering, and device structure is complicated, not only forming part size by To limitation, and shaping efficiency is relatively low.

The second, in order to ensure that part mechanical property, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology need the spherical shape of good fluidity Metal powder.This keeps precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment operating cost very high.

Third, laser are the core elements of precinct laser rapid forming equipment, and laser price height and maintenance cost It is high.This keeps the equipment cost of rapid laser-shaping technique very high.

Nowadays, there is the laser melting coating based on synchronous powder feeding system or wire feed process direct in precinct laser rapid shaping technique Manufacturing technology, it is to be melted the synchronous metal powder being sent into or wire using laser beam, flat in XY by controlling workbench Face is manufactured according to the single layer of the mobile realization parts of planned trajectory, and after the manufacture for completing a level, Z-direction is raised and lowered one Then set a distance repeats previous process, be layering until realizing the three-dimensionally shaped of parts.Publication No. CN101885063A Chinese invention patent " laser cladding forming equipment and a kind of laser cladding forming method of metal parts " disclose and a kind of swash The quick molding method and its equipment of light cladding silk material, the equipment include mainly the workbench of three-dimensional motion, laser device, send Powder device and control system, dust feeder include pinching roller pair, and the driving wheel for pinching roller pair is connect with stepper motor, is passed through One three-dimensional regulation device controls wire feed direction.Control system includes multi-axis motion control card, multi-axis motion control card respectively with stepping Motor, table drive motor are connected with laser aid.Forming method includes modeling, instruction conversion, slice forming and is deposited into Type and etc., by laser melting wire, molten drop is formed, molten drop accumulates cooling on the table, and with working table movement shape Flakiness, each thin slice deposit and form 3-dimensional metal part from level to level successively.But above-mentioned laser cladding forming equipment and side Method is primarily present following three aspects problem：The first, laser cannot protect molten drop, need to lead to protective gas at wire feeding mouth, protection Gas is easy cooling molten drop, is solidified to molten drop and is layered molding and has an adverse effect, cause 3-dimensional metal part mechanical property compared with It is low；The second, laser power is low and the diameter of wire is big, it is difficult to realize the rapid shaping of ceramic composite materials part；The Three, due to surface tension, molten drop cooled and solidified generates rounded constrictions when being molded, and causes piece surface rough.

Invention content

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that providing a kind of plasma melting Cover manufacture 3D printing equipment, simple structure and reasonable design and it is easy to use, shaping efficiency is high, using effect is good, be not necessarily to Closed molding room, and protective atmosphere or vacuum environment are not needed, workpiece shaping process directly carries out under atmospheric environment.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of manufacture 3D printing of plasma cladding is set It is standby, it is characterised in that：By monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and the horizontal stamp pad group placed for workpiece to be printed At；

The plasma beam system of processing by be equipped with nozzle and for generate beam-plasma plasma generator, The feeder of working gas is provided for the plasma generator, for what is continuously generated to the plasma generator The print position adjusting apparatus group be sent into the dust feeder of printed material in the beam-plasma and print position is adjusted At the plasma generator and the dust feeder are respectively positioned on above horizontal stamp pad, and the dust feeder is located at described Plasma generator side；The feeder is connected by the air inlet opened on air supply pipe and the plasma generator It connects；The powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is located at below the outlet of the nozzle and it is located at the central axis of the beam-plasma On；The print position adjusting apparatus includes driving the plasma generator synchronous with the dust feeder in the horizontal plane It carries out mobile horizontally moving device and drives the plasma generator, the dust feeder and the horizontally moving device Synchronizing moving and the printing distance adjusting dress for exporting the distance between horizontal stamp pad and being adjusted for mutually coping with the nozzle It sets, the plasma generator and the dust feeder are installed on the horizontally moving device, and described are moved horizontally Device is mounted in the printing distance adjusting means；

The monitoring system includes moving horizontally controller, to work to be printed to what the horizontally moving device was controlled Temperature detecting unit that part upper surface temperature is measured in real time, to the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad The distance detection unit that is measured in real time and the printing controlled to the printing distance adjusting means are apart from adjusting control Device, the controller that moves horizontally are connect with the horizontally moving device, and the printing is apart from adjusting control device and the printing Distance adjusting means connect, and the temperature detecting unit and distance detection unit are connect with printing apart from adjusting control device；Institute It states temperature detecting unit and forms temperature control device apart from adjusting control device with printing.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The monitoring system further includes to described etc. Plasma generator controller that plasma generator is controlled, the gas stream that the gas flow of air supply pipe is measured in real time Amount detection unit and the gas flow controller controlled the flow control valve installed on air supply pipe, the plasma occur Controller is connect with the plasma generator, and the detection of gas flow rate unit is connect with gas flow controller.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The plasma generator include it is equal from Sub- rifle, the nozzle are the anode nozzle of plasma gun front end；The plasma gun includes the gun body for being provided with the air inlet, position Anode nozzle immediately ahead of gun body and the cathode being plugged in gun body, the anode nozzle are located at cathode front side, the electric discharge Room is located on front side of cathode and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle, and the front inner of the anode nozzle is spout；The sun Pole nozzle, cathode and arc chamber are laid with gun body in coaxial；The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body, and the spout is in gun body Coaxial laying or the angle between gun body central axis are 30 °~45 °.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The dust feeder includes powder feeder and send Powder mouth, the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder are the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth；The powder feeder includes being provided with feed inlet to export with powder feeding Shell and the powder feeding wheel in the shell, the powder feeding wheel driven by driving motor；Powder feeding outlet with The powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth connects.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The monitoring system further includes being sent to described The powder mass flow detection unit and the powder feeding flow that driving motor is controlled that the powder feeding flow of powder device is measured in real time Controller, the powder mass flow detection unit are connect with powder feeding flow controller.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma cladding manufactures 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：What the plasma generator generated etc. Angle between the central axis and vertical plane of ion beam is not more than 45 °；The printing distance adjusting means be along it is described it is equal from The adjusting apparatus up and down that the central axis of beamlet to the nozzle adjust up and down, the distance detection unit are to along described The distance inspection that exports to horizontal stamp pad the distance between be measured in real time of the central axis of beam-plasma from the nozzle Survey device；

The horizontal stamp pad is the mobile platform that on stamp pad position regulator and can be moved up and down；

The monitoring system further includes that the position controlled the stamp pad position regulator adjusts controller, institute Rheme is set adjustment controller and is connect with the stamp pad position regulator.

Meanwhile a kind of invention additionally discloses method and steps simple, reasonable design and realize convenient, using effect it is good etc. from Sub- cladding manufactures 3D printing method, it is characterised in that：This approach includes the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be printed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and tune The three-dimensional stereo model that workpiece to be printed is obtained with image processing module recalls hierarchy slicing module to the three of workpiece to be printed It ties up three-dimensional model and carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional images；

Multiple layering cross-sectional images are that acquisition is more after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece to be printed The image in a layering section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scan path is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, in step 1 Multiple layering cross-sectional images are respectively processed, and complete the scan path filling process in multiple layering sections, are obtained Obtain the scan paths in multiple layering sections；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is cut according to the multiple layerings obtained in step 2 The scan path in face obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with this The scan path for being layered section is identical；

Step 4: successively printing from the bottom to top：According to obtained in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths, Successively workpiece to be printed is printed from the bottom to top, finished workpart made of acquisition is stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers； The quantity of the shape layer is identical as the quantity in section is layered described in step 1, the installation position difference of multiple shape layers With it is multiple it is described layering sections installation positions correspond and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer with it is two neighboring The distance between the layering section is identical, in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths be respectively it is multiple it is described at The printing path of type layer；When being printed to workpiece to be printed, process is as follows：

Step 401, bottom printing：The controller that moves horizontally is according to current institute's printing shaping acquired in step 3 The printing path of layer, controls the horizontally moving device and drives the plasma generator and the dust feeder Synchronization is moved in the horizontal plane；Plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the dust feeder In, the plasma beam that interior band is melted liquid stream by the plasma beam system of processing is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad；It is fusion Melt after liquid stream solidifies, completes the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer；

In this step, current institute's printing shaping layer is the shape layer for being located at bottommost in multiple shape layers；

Step 402, last layer printing, include the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：Horizontal stamp pad is once moved down in the vertical direction and to It is identical as the thickness of the shape layer to move down dynamic height；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The controller that moves horizontally is according to current institute acquired in step 3 The printing path of printing shaping layer, the horizontally moving device is controlled and drive the plasma generator with it is described Dust feeder synchronization is moved in the horizontal plane；The plasma generator is synchronous with the dust feeder in the horizontal plane In moving process, the plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto and has currently printed by the plasma beam system of processing On the upper surface of good next shape layer；After melting liquid stream solidifies, the printing of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed Process；

In this step, in plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the dust feeder, lead to Excess temperature detection unit is measured in real time the upper surface temperature of currently printed next shape layer and by institute Temperature information synchronous driving is detected to printing apart from adjusting control device, while the outlet by distance detection unit to the nozzle The distance between horizontal stamp pad is measured in real time and adjusts the range information synchronous driving detected to printing distance Controller；It is described to print the temperature information detected according to temperature detecting unit apart from adjusting control device and by being beaten described in control The distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad is adjusted in print distance adjusting means, makes currently printed The upper surface temperature of next shape layer is not higher than 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece to be printed；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 is synchronous with the dust feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane In the process, the dust feeder continuously sends out printed material, at the same by the plasma beam system of processing generate etc. from Beamlet melts sent out printed material, and makes sent out printed material melt the molten melt drop to be formed continuously and formed Liquid stream；The liquid stream is distributed in the beam-plasma, forms the interior plasma beam with melting liquid stream；

Step 402 is repeated several times in step 403, until completing the print procedure of all shape layers of workpiece to be printed.

The above method, it is characterized in that：Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, data processing described in step 1 is set The material fusing point that basis pre-establishes standby first and printing range data library, and combine and waited for by what parameter input unit pre-entered The Material Name for printing workpiece is determined the basis printing distance of workpiece to be printed；The parameter input unit with it is described Data processing equipment connects；

The material fusing point and printing range information of various material are stored in the material fusing point and printing range data library, The material fusing point and printing range information of each material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material； The basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is closer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is examined apart from adjusting control device according to distance detection unit The range information of survey and by control it is described printing distance adjusting means will the nozzle outlet horizontal stamp pad between Distance is adjusted to the basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad The distance between for it is described basis print distance；

Before carrying out printing and synchronizing temperature control in step 4022, the printing is single according to distance detection apart from adjusting control device The number that moves down of range information and the horizontal stamp pad of combination that member is detected moves down height with each, and passes through control The distance adjusting means that print are by the upper surface of the outlet of the nozzle and current printed next shape layer The distance between be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 4022 between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad When distance is adjusted, temperature information that the printing is detected apart from adjusting control device according to temperature detecting unit and combine away from The distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad is adjusted in the range information detected from detection unit, makes to work as The upper surface temperature control of preceding printed next shape layer 0.1 times of material fusing point of workpiece to be printed~ Between 0.6 times；Also, when the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad are adjusted, amplitude of accommodation 5mm ~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

The above method, it is characterized in that：The dust feeder includes powder feeder and powder-feeding mouth, the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder For the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth；The powder feeder includes being provided with the shell of feed inlet and powder feeding outlet and in the shell Powder feeding wheel, the powder feeding wheel are driven by driving motor；The powder inlet of the powder feeding outlet and powder-feeding mouth connects；

The monitoring system further includes the plasma generator controller controlled to the plasma generator, to supplying Detection of gas flow rate unit that the gas flow of tracheae is measured in real time controls the flow control valve installed on air supply pipe The gas flow controller of system, the powder mass flow detection unit that the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder is measured in real time and right The powder feeding flow controller that driving motor is controlled, the powder mass flow detection unit are connect with powder feeding flow controller；Institute It states plasma generator controller to connect with the plasma generator, the detection of gas flow rate unit is controlled with gas flow Device connects, and the distance detection unit is connect with gas flow controller；

Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the first basis of data processing equipment described in step 1 pre-establishes Gas and powder mass flow database, and in conjunction with the thickness of the preset shape layer, to the base gas flow of air supply pipe It is determined with the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder；

The gas and powder mass flow databases contain powder feeding flow needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness and Base gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder is got over Greatly, the base gas flow is bigger；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 is synchronous with the dust feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane In the process, the powder mass flow detection unit is measured in real time the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder and by institute's detection information Synchronous driving is to powder feeding flow controller, and the powder feeding flow controller is according to the powder feeding stream of the predetermined dust feeder It measures and combining powder flow detection unit institute detection information controls driving motor, make the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder It is identical as predetermined powder feeding flow；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller is examined according to detection of gas flow rate unit Measurement information and by control flow control valve the gas flow of air supply pipe is adjusted to the base gas flow；In step 401 In bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe is the base gas flow；

It carries out printing in step 4022 and synchronize in temperature control process, the gas flow controller is according to detection of gas flow rate Unit institute's detection information simultaneously combines distance detection unit institute detecting distance information, and by controlling flow control valve to air supply pipe Gas flow is increased and decreased adjustment；Also, the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad are bigger, the air supply pipe Gas flow it is bigger.

The above method, it is characterized in that：Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 and the dust feeder In synchronous moving process in the horizontal plane, the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder is 2g/min~200g/min；

It, will be between the powder feeding mouth and horizontal stamp pad of the dust feeder before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4 Distance is adjusted to preset powder feeding height, and the powder feeding height is 5mm~1000mm；It is successively beaten from the bottom to top in step 4 During print, the powder feeding open height of the dust feeder is constant.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：

1, used plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing device structure is simple, reasonable design and input cost are relatively low, add Work makes and installation is laid conveniently.

2, used plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment is not necessarily to closed molding room, and do not need protective atmosphere or Vacuum environment, workpiece shaping process directly carry out under atmospheric environment.Thus, structure is very simple, and forming part size Unrestricted, equipment price is relatively low.

3, the printed material (i.e. powder) of plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment supplies the (material in energy source beam-plasma The drop plasma beam of material), the moulding cylinder system for not needing powdering does not need powdering system, it is only necessary to which a dust feeder is Can, structure significantly simplifies.

4, used plasma cladding manufactures 3D printing equipment easy to use, intelligence degree and shaping efficiency Height, using effect are good, and the quality of institute's shaping workpiece is high.Used monitoring system includes being carried out to stamp pad position regulator The position adjustment controller of control, the temperature detecting unit that workpiece surface temperature to be printed is measured in real time, to nozzle The distance detection unit that is measured in real time with the distance between horizontal stamp pad of outlet and to printing distance adjusting means into The printing of row control is connect apart from adjusting control device, position adjustment controller with stamp pad position regulator, and printing distance is adjusted Section controller is connect with printing distance adjusting means, and temperature detecting unit and distance detection unit are with printing apart from adjusting control Device connects；Temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing apart from adjusting control device.In actual use, temperature tune Printing in control system carries out printing distance adjusting means according to temperature detecting unit institute's detection information apart from adjusting control device Control so that printing distance energy automatic adjusument can prevent the molding that completion has been printed caused by printing hypotelorism in this way There is the problem of fusing again in layer, and can also prevent caused by printing hypertelorism formed precision is relatively low, melts liquid stream spraying The problems such as being solidified before to next printable layer upper surface so that forming process is easily controllable, and realizes conveniently, while energy It effectively prevent workpiece surface to aoxidize, because without closed vacuum environment is arranged.In addition, used monitoring system is also wrapped Gas flow automatic adjusument and powder feeding adaptive-flow regulatory function are included, intelligence degree is high.

5, the energy source that plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment uses is beam-plasma, and beam-plasma power is up to tens of Kilowatt, metal, ceramics, resin and other composite materials can be melted, realizes the 3D printing of above-mentioned material part.Generate plasma The plasma generator (being specifically plasma gun) of beam is simple in structure, and operation expense is low, and equipment cost is low.

6, the melting liquid stream of plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment institute printed material is in plasma beam, beam-plasma Itself has protective effect, adds the effect of working gas, can effectively prevent the oxidation of printed material, which need not protect Atmosphere or vacuum environment are protected, is directly used under atmospheric environment, with device structure is simple, operating cost is low, forming part ruler The advantages that very little unrestricted.

7, the dust feeder of plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment drives powder wheel to rotate and pass through work using direct current generator Make gas auxiliary to send powder into beam-plasma, a powder or prilling powder can be used, do not need spherical powder.The equipment Printed material is at low cost.

8, for materials behavior by settable liquid at solid-state, technical process is simple when the printing of plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment Change, reduces the technology difficulty and cost of 3D printing.Meanwhile working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) Under the action of, the powder of dust feeder submitting, which accelerates in beam-plasma, heats and is fused into molten condition, forms small liquid Drop, molten melt drop after fusing is continuous and forms liquid stream and is sprayed together with beam-plasma, formed in band melting liquid stream wait from Beamlet stream；After being sprayed with beam-plasma due to the melting liquid stream that the powder that dust feeder is continuously sent out is formed after fusing, formed The interior microstream that liquid stream is melted with printed material forms the cladding manufacture rapid shaping of casting type, avoids molten drop cooled and solidified The rounded constrictions phenomenon generated when molding, part high mechanical properties, surface is smooth, reduces the technology difficulty of rapid shaping.

9, used plasma cladding manufactures simple 3D printing method and step, reasonable design and realization is convenient, uses effect Fruit is good, and beam-plasma has protective effect, does not need protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, is directly printed under atmospheric environment. Also, printed material supply in energy source beam-plasma (the melting liquid stream plasma beam of material), do not need powdering at Type cylinder system.When printing, by settable liquid at solid-state, technical process simplifies materials behavior, reduces the technology difficulty of 3D printing And cost, and it is no longer size-limited to print part.As shown in the above, the present invention is to traditional plasma surfacing method It is substantially improved, existing plasma surfacing method is generally both provided with plasma arc pressure Height-adjusting device, plasma gun and work The distance on part surface is not more than 15mm, and the scope of application is limited.And in the present invention, printing distance can be adjusted interior on a large scale, It adapts to unlike material and prints demand, and workpiece shaping quality can be effectively ensured.

Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that plasma cladding of the present invention manufactures 3D printing equipment.

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 3 is the schematic block circuit diagram of monitoring system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is structural schematic diagram of the present invention into compression ring.

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of air inlet ring body of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the flow diagram that plasma cladding of the present invention manufactures 3D printing method.

Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Reference sign:

1-feeder；2-powder feeders；3-workpiece to be printed；

4-horizontal stamp pads；5-air supply pipes；6-powder-feeding mouths；

7-plasma generator controllers；8-distance detection units；9-temperature detecting units；

10-printings are apart from adjusting control device；11-detection of gas flow rate units；

12-gas flow controllers；13-plasma guns；13-1-gun body；

13-2-anode nozzle；13-3-cathode；13-4-arc chamber；

13-5-spout；13-6-insulating layer；14-driving motors；

15-positions adjust controller；16-three axis numerically controlled machines；17-upper and lower adjusting apparatus；

18-powder mass flow detection units；19-flow control valves；20-powder feeding flow controllers；

21-into compression ring；21-1-air inlet ring body；21-2-annular sealing cover；

21-3-annular air inlet duct；21-4-outside air admission hole；21-5-inside air admission hole；

23-PC machine；24-move horizontally controller；

25-three-dimensional regulation holders；25-1-X-axis mobile mechanism；

25-2-Y-axis moving mechanism.

Specific implementation mode

A kind of plasma cladding as shown in Figure 1 manufactures 3D printing equipment, by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing It is formed with the horizontal stamp pad 4 placed for workpiece 3 to be printed.

The plasma beam system of processing by be equipped with nozzle and for generate beam-plasma plasma generator, The feeder 1 of working gas is provided for the plasma generator, for continuously being generated to the plasma generator The beam-plasma in be sent into the dust feeder of printed material and the print position adjusting apparatus that is adjusted to print position Composition, the plasma generator and the dust feeder are respectively positioned on 4 top of horizontal stamp pad, and the dust feeder is located at institute State plasma generator side；The feeder 1 passes through the air inlet opened on air supply pipe 5 and the plasma generator Mouth connection；The powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is located at below the outlet of the nozzle and it is located at the central shaft of the beam-plasma On line；The print position adjusting apparatus includes driving the plasma generator synchronous with the dust feeder in horizontal plane On carry out mobile horizontally moving device and the plasma generator, the dust feeder driven to move horizontally dress with described It sets synchronizing moving and the printing distance that the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 is adjusted that exports for mutually coping with the nozzle is adjusted Device, the plasma generator and the dust feeder are installed on the horizontally moving device, and the horizontal shifting Dynamic device is mounted in the printing distance adjusting means.The printed material is powder.

As shown in figure 3, the monitoring system includes moving horizontally controller to what the horizontally moving device was controlled 24, temperature detecting unit 9, the outlet to the nozzle and the level that 3 upper surface temperature of workpiece to be printed is measured in real time The distance detection unit 8 and the printing distance adjusting means are controlled that the distance between stamp pad 4 is measured in real time Printing apart from adjusting control device 10, the controller 24 that moves horizontally is connect with the horizontally moving device, it is described printing away from Connect with the printing distance adjusting means from adjusting control device 10, the temperature detecting unit 9 and distance detection unit 8 with Printing is connected apart from adjusting control device 10；The temperature detecting unit 9 forms temperature regulation and control with printing apart from adjusting control device 10 Device.The temperature detecting unit 9 is temperature at print position on workpiece 3 to be printed to the plasma beam system of processing Spend the infrared temperature sensor being measured in real time.The distance detection unit 8 is laser range sensor.

In the present embodiment, the horizontally moving device includes driving the plasma generator and the dust feeder same It walks the X-axis mobile mechanism 25-1 moved horizontally in the X-axis direction and drives the plasma generator and the powder feeding Device synchronizes the Y-axis moving mechanism 25-2 moved horizontally in the Y-axis direction, thus the horizontally moving device is X-Y axis Mobile device.

Also, the plasma generator is installed in the dust feeder on Y-axis moving mechanism 25-2, the Y Axis mobile mechanism 25-2 is mounted on X-axis mobile mechanism 25-1, and the X-axis mobile mechanism 25-1 is mounted on printing distance and adjusts On regulating device.In actual use, the plasma generator is driven to be filled with the powder feeding by Y-axis moving mechanism 25-2 Synchronization is set to be moved horizontally in the Y-axis direction, by X-axis mobile mechanism 25-1 drive Y-axis moving mechanism 25-2, described etc. from Daughter generator is synchronous with the dust feeder to be moved horizontally in the X-axis direction, and is adjusted by printing distance Device drives the horizontally moving device, the plasma generator synchronous with the dust feeder in the beam-plasma It is moved on central axis.

In the present embodiment, the Y-axis moving mechanism 25-2, X-axis mobile mechanism 25-1 and the printing distance adjusting means Composition drives the plasma generator (being specifically plasma gun 13) is synchronous with the dust feeder to carry out three-dimensional motion Manipulator.

In the present embodiment, the monitoring system further includes that the plasma controlled the plasma generator occurs Controller 7, the detection of gas flow rate unit 11 that the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is measured in real time and to being installed on air supply pipe 5 The gas flow controller 12 that is controlled of flow control valve 19, the plasma generator controller 7 and the plasma Generator connects, and the detection of gas flow rate unit 11 is connect with gas flow controller 12.

As shown in Fig. 2, the plasma generator includes plasma gun 13, the nozzle is 13 front end of plasma gun Anode nozzle 13-2；The plasma gun 13 includes being provided with the gun body 13-1 of the air inlet, immediately ahead of gun body 13-1 Anode nozzle 13-2 and the cathode 13-3, the anode nozzle 13-2 that are plugged in gun body 13-1 are located at the front sides cathode 13-3, institute State that arc chamber 13-4 is located on front side of cathode 13-3 and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle 13-2, the anode nozzle 13-2's Front inner is spout 13-5；The anode nozzle 13-2, cathode 13-3 and arc chamber 13-4 are in coaxial cloth with gun body 13-1 If；The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body 13-1, the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 in it is coaxial lay or with the gun body 13- Angle between 1 central axis is 30 °~45 °.

In actual use, the plasma gun 13 is mounted on Y-axis moving mechanism 25-2.

In actual use, the plasma gun 13 can also use conventional other plasma guns.

In the present embodiment, insulating layer 13-6 is provided between the anode nozzle 13-2 and gun body 13-1.

In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 is laid in coaxial.

In the present embodiment, the air supply pipe 5 is by into the air inlet opened on compression ring 21 and the plasma generator Connection.Also, by uniformly being supplied into the plasma generator into compression ring 21.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, it is described into compression ring 21 be circular ring shape and it include air inlet ring body 21-1 and lid be mounted in air inlet There are one rings to be opened on circular ring shape and its madial wall by annular sealing cover 21-2, the air inlet ring body 21-1 on ring body 21-1 Open that there are one in the outside air admission hole 21-4 that connects with air supply pipe 5 and its on shape air inlet duct 21-3, the air inlet ring body 21-1 Side is provided with multiple inside air admission hole 21-5, and multiple inside air admission hole 21-5 are along the circumferential direction uniformly distributed and it is respectively positioned on ring On the inside of shape air inlet duct 21-3, the outside air admission hole 21-4 is located on the outside of annular air inlet duct 21-3, the outside air admission hole 21-4 It is communicated with inside annular air inlet duct 21-3 with multiple inside air admission hole 21-5.

Also, it is along the circumferential direction provided with and multiple is communicated respectively with multiple inside air admission hole 21-5 on the gun body 13-1 Gun body air admission hole.

During 13 use of plasma gun as shown in Figure 2, plasma is generated in the arc chamber 13-4, it is generated Plasma forms beam-plasma and is sprayed through spout 13-5.

In the present embodiment, the working gas is inert gas or H₂Gas.

Wherein, inert gas is Ar gas, He gas and N₂Gas.

In the present embodiment, the horizontal stamp pad 4 is on stamp pad position regulator and can move up and down Mobile platform.

The monitoring system further includes that the position controlled the stamp pad position regulator adjusts controller 15, The position adjustment controller 15 is connect with the stamp pad position regulator.

In the present embodiment, the stamp pad position regulator is three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

Also, the controller that the position adjustment controller 15 is three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

In actual use, the stamp pad position regulator can also can complete X, Y and three directions of Z axis using other The device of movement or the vertically movable device that can be moved up and down in the vertical direction.

In actual use, the horizontal stamp pad 4 can also use the fixed fixed platform in position.

In actual use, between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates Angle be not more than 45 °；The printing distance adjusting means are the central axis along the beam-plasma to nozzle progress Adjusting apparatus 17 up and down adjusted up and down, the distance detection unit 8 are to the central axis along the beam-plasma from described The distance detection device for exporting to the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 and being measured in real time of nozzle.

In the present embodiment, the adjusting apparatus 17 up and down is Z-direction adjusting apparatus.

Also, the adjusting apparatus 17 up and down is telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

In the present embodiment, the central axis for the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates is in vertically to laying.It is real Border is in use, can according to specific needs, to the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates Between angle adjust accordingly.

In the present embodiment, the dust feeder includes powder feeder 2 and powder-feeding mouth 6, and the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is to send The meal outlet of powder mouth 6；The powder feeder 2 includes being provided with the shell and sending in the shell that feed inlet is exported with powder feeding Powder wheel, the powder feeding wheel are driven by driving motor 14；The powder feeding outlet is connect with the powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth 6.The powder End is the powder of 3 material therefor of workpiece (i.e. printed material) to be printed, to the shape of powder without particular/special requirement.

In the present embodiment, the driving motor 14 is direct current generator.In actual use, by changing the direct current The rotating speed of machine carries out easy, quickly adjustment to the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder.

When actual installation, the powder feeder 2 is mounted on Y-axis moving mechanism 25-2, and the powder-feeding mouth 6 is mounted on powder feeder On 2.

In the present embodiment, the Y-axis moving mechanism 25-2, X-axis mobile mechanism 25-1 and the printing distance adjusting means Form three-dimensional regulation holder 25.In actual use, by three-dimensional regulation holder 25 respectively in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction to institute The position in the powder feeding direction and plasma gun 13 of stating dust feeder is adjusted.

In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 3, the monitoring system further includes being carried out in fact to the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder When the powder mass flow detection unit 18 detected the and powder feeding flow controller 20 that driving motor 14 is controlled, the powder stream Amount detection unit 18 is connect with powder feeding flow controller 20.Wherein, the powder mass flow detection unit 18 is laid in powder-feeding mouth 6 It is interior.

In actual use, the monitoring system further includes respectively to horizontal stamp pad 4 in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction The first displacement detecting unit, second displacement detection unit and the third displacement detecting unit that displacement is measured in real time, described One displacement detecting unit, second displacement detection unit and third displacement detecting unit are connect with position adjustment controller 15.

In the present embodiment, the monitoring system further includes the horizontal position to Y-axis moving mechanism 25-2 in the Y-axis direction respectively It moves, to the horizontal displacements of X-axis mobile mechanism 25-1 in the X-axis direction and the level to upper and lower adjusting apparatus 17 in the Z-axis direction The 4th displacement detecting unit, the 5th displacement detecting unit and the 6th displacement detecting unit that displacement is measured in real time, described Four displacement detecting units, the 5th displacement detecting unit and the 6th displacement detecting unit with move horizontally controller 24 and connect.

In the present embodiment, the plasma generator controller 7, position adjustment controller 15, is beaten gas flow controller 12 Print connects with the data processing equipment apart from adjusting control device 10 and powder feeding flow controller 20, the data processing equipment For PC machine 23.The feeder 1 carries out start-up and shut-down control by PC machine 23.

A kind of plasma cladding as shown in FIG. 6 manufactures 3D printing method, includes the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be printed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and tune The three-dimensional stereo model that workpiece 3 to be printed is obtained with image processing module recalls hierarchy slicing module to workpiece 3 to be printed Three-dimensional stereo model carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering cross-sectional images；

Multiple layering cross-sectional images are that acquisition is more after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece 3 to be printed The image in a layering section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scan path is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, in step 1 Multiple layering cross-sectional images are respectively processed, and complete the scan path filling process in multiple layering sections, are obtained Obtain the scan paths in multiple layering sections；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is cut according to the multiple layerings obtained in step 2 The scan path in face obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with this The scan path for being layered section is identical；

Step 4: successively printing from the bottom to top：According to obtained in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths, Successively workpiece 3 to be printed is printed from the bottom to top, finished workpart made of acquisition is stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers； The quantity of the shape layer is identical as the quantity in section is layered described in step 1, the installation position difference of multiple shape layers With it is multiple it is described layering sections installation positions correspond and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer with it is two neighboring The distance between the layering section is identical, in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths be respectively it is multiple it is described at The printing path of type layer；The Method of printing all same of multiple shape layers；When being printed to workpiece 3 to be printed, process is such as Under：

Step 401, bottom printing：The controller 24 that moves horizontally currently is printed as according to acquired in step 3 The printing path of type layer controls the horizontally moving device and the plasma generator is driven to be filled with the powder feeding Synchronization is set to be moved in the horizontal plane；The plasma generator is synchronous with the dust feeder to be moved through in the horizontal plane Cheng Zhong, the plasma beam that interior band is melted liquid stream by the plasma beam system of processing are continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad 4；It waits for After melting liquid stream (specifically flowing to the melting liquid stream on horizontal stamp pad 4) solidification, beating for current institute's printing shaping layer is completed Print process；

In this step, current institute's printing shaping layer is the shape layer for being located at bottommost in multiple shape layers；

Step 402, last layer printing, include the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：Horizontal stamp pad 4 is once moved down in the vertical direction and to It is identical as the thickness of the shape layer to move down dynamic height；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The controller 24 that moves horizontally is according to acquired current in step 3 The printing path of institute's printing shaping layer controls the horizontally moving device and drives the plasma generator and institute Dust feeder synchronization is stated to be moved in the horizontal plane；The plasma generator is synchronous with the dust feeder in horizontal plane During upper movement, the plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto and has currently beaten by the plasma beam system of processing On the upper surface of printed next shape layer；Liquid stream to be melted (specifically flow to current printed next institute State the melting liquid stream on the upper surface of shape layer) solidify after, complete the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer；

In this step, in plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the dust feeder, lead to Excess temperature detection unit 9 is measured in real time the upper surface temperature of currently printed next shape layer and by institute Temperature information synchronous driving is detected to printing apart from adjusting control device 10, while by distance detection unit 8 to the nozzle Outlet is measured in real time with the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 and by the range information synchronous driving detected to printing distance Adjusting control device 10；It is described to print the temperature information detected according to temperature detecting unit 9 apart from adjusting control device 10 and pass through It controls the printing distance adjusting means the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 is adjusted, makes to work as The upper surface temperature of preceding printed next shape layer is not higher than 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece 3 to be printed；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 is synchronous with the dust feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane In the process, the dust feeder continuously sends out printed material, at the same by the plasma beam system of processing generate etc. from Beamlet melts sent out printed material, and makes sent out printed material melt the molten melt drop to be formed continuously and formed Liquid stream；The liquid stream is distributed in the beam-plasma, forms the interior plasma beam with melting liquid stream；The printed material is Dusty material (i.e. powder)；

Step 402 is repeated several times in step 403, until completing the print procedure of 3 all shape layers of workpiece to be printed.

In actual use, the dust feeder is synchronous powder feeding system device, and the powder that the dust feeder is sent out is in institute It states and is sent into the plasma generator under the action of working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas), and send Enter the powder in the beam-plasma to accelerate, heat and be molten into melting liquid stream.Also, the melting liquid stream is in the work gas Central axis under the action of body (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) along the beam-plasma moves.Thus, it is real During the use of border, by changing the flow of the working gas, the powder sending quantity being sent into beam-plasma can also be carried out corresponding Adjustment.

The plasma beam that interior band is melted liquid stream by plasma beam system of processing described in step 401 is continuously sprayed onto level When on stamp pad 4, the melting liquid stream of interior band, which synchronizes, to be flow on horizontal stamp pad 4.Plasma beam described in step 4022 is processed The plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto the upper surface of current printed next shape layer by system When upper, the melting liquid stream of interior band, which synchronizes, to be flow on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the root of data processing equipment elder generation described in step 1 According to the material fusing point and printing range data library pre-established, and combine the work to be printed pre-entered by parameter input unit The Material Name of part 3 is determined the basis printing distance of workpiece 3 to be printed；The parameter input unit and the data Processing equipment connects；

The material fusing point and printing range information of various material are stored in the material fusing point and printing range data library, The material fusing point and printing range information of each material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material； The basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is closer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is apart from adjusting control device 10 according to 8 institute of distance detection unit The range information of detection and will be between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 by controlling the printing distance adjusting means Distance be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle is printed with horizontal The distance between platform 4 is that the basis prints distance；

Before carrying out printing and synchronizing temperature control in step 4022, the printing is detected apart from adjusting control device 10 according to distance Range information that unit 8 is detected simultaneously combines moving down number and moving down height every time for horizontal stamp pad 4, and passes through Control the printing distance adjusting means exporting for the nozzle is upper with current printed next shape layer The distance between surface is adjusted to the basis printing distance；To the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 in step 4022 The distance between when being adjusted, the printing is believed apart from adjusting control device 10 according to the temperature that temperature detecting unit 9 is detected It ceases and the range information that is detected in conjunction with distance detection unit 8 is to the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 It is adjusted, makes the upper surface temperature control of current printed next shape layer in the material of workpiece 3 to be printed Between 0.1 times of fusing point~0.6 times；Also, the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 are adjusted When, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the root of data processing equipment elder generation described in step 1 According to the gas and powder mass flow database pre-established, and in conjunction with the thickness of the preset shape layer, to air supply pipe 5 The powder feeding flow of base gas flow and the dust feeder is determined；

The gas and powder mass flow databases contain powder feeding flow needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness and Base gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder is got over Greatly, the base gas flow is bigger；

Plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 is synchronous with the dust feeder to be moved in the horizontal plane In the process, the powder mass flow detection unit 18 is measured in real time the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder and will detect letter Synchronous driving is ceased to powder feeding flow controller 20, and the powder feeding flow controller 20 is according to the predetermined dust feeder Simultaneously 18 detection informations of combining powder flow detection unit control driving motor 14 to powder feeding flow, make the dust feeder Powder feeding flow it is identical as predetermined powder feeding flow；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller 12 is according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Institute's detection information and by control flow control valve 19 gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is adjusted to the base gas flow；Step In rapid 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe 5 is the base gas flow；

It carries out printing in step 4022 and synchronize in temperature control process, the gas flow controller 12 is examined according to gas flow It surveys 11 detection informations of unit and combines 8 detecting distance information of distance detection unit, and is right by controlling flow control valve 19 The gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is increased and decreased adjustment；Also, the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 are bigger, The gas flow of the air supply pipe 5 is bigger.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of the workpiece 3 to be printed, pro/e, UG, CATIA etc. three is utilized Dimension graphics software designs the three-dimensional stereo model (i.e. three-dimensional entity model) of workpiece 3 to be printed, then passes through the hierarchy slicing Module carries out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model, and obtains the outline data in each section, and generating filling by outline data sweeps Path is retouched, the printing path (printing path in i.e. each layering section) of the plasma beam system of processing is accordingly obtained.Thus, Method employed in step 1 and step 2 is used with the molding of conventional laser selective melting or electron beam selective melting molding Method is identical.Later, the three axis numerically controlled machine 16 carries out X and Y direction in the horizontal plane according to the printing path obtained In motion process, the plasma beam that interior band is melted liquid stream by the plasma beam system of processing is continuously sprayed onto horizontal stamp pad On 4 or on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；After melting liquid stream solidifies, a molding is completed The print procedure of layer；Then, the three axis numerically controlled machine 16 declines in the Z-axis direction, successively prints, to complete 3 d part Print procedure.

In the present embodiment, plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 it is synchronous with the dust feeder On horizontal plane during movement, the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder is 2g/min~200g/min；

The distance between the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder and print job face are 5mm~1000mm.Wherein, print job Face is the plane residing for current institute's printing shaping layer, the distance between the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder and the print job face For powder feeding height.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, by the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder and level The distance between stamp pad 4 is adjusted to preset powder feeding height, and the powder feeding height is 5mm~1000mm；In step 4 From the bottom to top successively in print procedure, the powder feeding open height of the dust feeder is constant.

The distance between powder feeding mouth and horizontal stamp pad 4 of dust feeder described in step 401 are powder feeding height, step The powder feeding mouth of dust feeder described in 4022 is with current printed the distance between next shape layer upper surface Powder feeding height.

Since horizontal stamp pad 4 is mobile platform on stamp pad position regulator, thus institute in step 3 The printing path in each of the acquisition layering section can also be the machining path of three axis numerically controlled machine 16, described at this time etc. Ion beam current system of processing does not move in the horizontal plane, but is moved by horizontal stamp pad 4 is upper in terms of level, from And complete the print procedure of each shape layer.

Embodiment 2

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, used plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment is different from embodiment 1 It is：Angle between the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 central axis is 30 °~45 °.

In this way, after being changed to the direction of the beam-plasma by spout 13-5, plasma jet can be effectively reduced To the thermic load impact that anode nozzle 13-2 is generated, anode ablation situation is improved.

In the present embodiment, rest part structure, connection relation and the work of used plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment It is same as Example 1 to make principle.

In the present embodiment, used plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing method is same as Example 1.

The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not imposed any restrictions to the present invention, every according to the present invention Technical spirit changes any simple modification, change and equivalent structure made by above example, still falls within skill of the present invention In the protection domain of art scheme.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of plasma cladding manufactures 3D printing equipment, it is characterised in that：By monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and Horizontal stamp pad (4) composition placed for workpiece to be printed (3)；

The plasma beam system of processing by being equipped with nozzle and for generating the plasma generator of beam-plasma, for institute It states plasma generator and provides the feeder (1) of working gas, for what is continuously generated to the plasma generator The print position adjusting apparatus group be sent into the dust feeder of printed material in the beam-plasma and print position is adjusted At the plasma generator and the dust feeder are respectively positioned on above horizontal stamp pad (4), and the dust feeder is located at institute State plasma generator side；The feeder (1) is by being opened on air supply pipe (5) and the plasma generator Air inlet connects；The powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is located at below the outlet of the nozzle and it is located in the beam-plasma On mandrel line；The print position adjusting apparatus includes driving the plasma generator synchronous with the dust feeder in water Mobile horizontally moving device is carried out in plane and drives the plasma generator, the dust feeder and the horizontal shifting The printing that dynamic device synchronizing moving and the distance between outlet and the horizontal stamp pad (4) of mutually coping with the nozzle are adjusted away from From regulating device, the plasma generator and the dust feeder are installed on the horizontally moving device, and described Horizontally moving device is mounted in the printing distance adjusting means；

The monitoring system includes moving horizontally controller (24), to work to be printed to what the horizontally moving device was controlled Temperature detecting unit (9), the outlet to the nozzle and the horizontal stamp pad (4) that part (3) upper surface temperature is measured in real time The distance between the distance detection unit (8) that is measured in real time and the printing that the printing distance adjusting means are controlled Apart from adjusting control device (10), the controller (24) that moves horizontally is connect with the horizontally moving device, the printing distance Adjusting control device (10) is connect with the printing distance adjusting means, the temperature detecting unit (9) and distance detection unit (8) It is connect apart from adjusting control device (10) with printing；The temperature detecting unit (9) is with printing apart from adjusting control device (10) group At temperature control device；

Angle between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator generates is not more than 45 °；Institute It is the adjustment up and down for the nozzle adjust up and down along the central axis of the beam-plasma to state printing distance adjusting means Device (17), the distance detection unit (8) are to export to water from the nozzle to the central axis along the beam-plasma The distance detection device that the distance between flat stamp pad (4) is measured in real time.

2. a kind of plasma cladding described in accordance with the claim 1 manufactures 3D printing equipment, it is characterised in that：The monitoring system Further include the plasma generator controller (7) controlled to the plasma generator, to the gas flow of air supply pipe (5) The detection of gas flow rate unit (11) that is measured in real time and the flow control valve (19) installed on air supply pipe (5) is controlled Gas flow controller (12), the plasma generator controller (7) connect with the plasma generator, the gas Flow detection unit (11) is connect with gas flow controller (12).

3. according to a kind of plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：It is described it is equal from Daughter generator includes plasma gun (13), and the nozzle is the anode nozzle (13-2) of plasma gun (13) front end；It is described etc. Ion gun (13) includes the gun body (13-1) for being provided with the air inlet, the anode nozzle (13-2) immediately ahead of gun body (13-1) With the cathode (13-3) being plugged in gun body (13-1), the anode nozzle (13-2) is located on front side of cathode (13-3), arc chamber (13-4) is located on front side of cathode (13-3) and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle (13-2), the anode nozzle (13-2) Front inner is spout (13-5)；The anode nozzle (13-2), cathode (13-3) and arc chamber (13-4) with gun body (13- 1) it is in coaxial lay；The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body (13-1), and the spout (13-5) is in coaxial cloth with gun body (13-1) If or the angle between gun body (13-1) central axis is 30 °~45 °.

4. according to a kind of plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The powder feeding Device includes powder feeder (2) and powder-feeding mouth (6), and the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth (6)；The powder feeding Device (2) includes the shell for being provided with feed inlet and powder feeding outlet and the powder feeding wheel in the shell, and the powder feeding wheel is by driving Dynamic motor (14) is driven；The powder feeding outlet is connect with the powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth (6).

5. a kind of plasma cladding manufactures 3D printing equipment according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The monitoring system It further include the powder mass flow detection unit (18) being measured in real time to the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder and to driving motor (14) the powder feeding flow controller (20) controlled, the powder mass flow detection unit (18) and powder feeding flow controller (20) Connection.

6. according to a kind of plasma cladding manufacture 3D printing equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The level Stamp pad (4) is the mobile platform that on stamp pad position regulator and can be moved up and down；

The monitoring system further includes the position adjustment controller (15) controlled the stamp pad position regulator, institute Rheme is set adjustment controller (15) and is connect with the stamp pad position regulator.

7. a kind of method carrying out 3D printing to workpiece to be printed using 3D printing equipment as described in claim 1, feature exist In：This approach includes the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be printed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and calling figure As the three-dimensional stereo model of processing module acquisition workpiece (3) to be printed, hierarchy slicing module is recalled to workpiece to be printed (3) Three-dimensional stereo model carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering cross-sectional images；

Multiple layering cross-sectional images are multiple to being obtained after the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece to be printed (3) progress hierarchy slicing It is layered the image in section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scan path is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, to multiple in step 1 The layering cross-sectional image is respectively processed, and completes the scan path filling process in multiple layering sections, is obtained more The scan path in a layering section；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is according to the multiple layering sections obtained in step 2 Scan path obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with the layering The scan path in section is identical；

Step 4: successively printing from the bottom to top：According to the printing path in the multiple layering sections obtained in step 3, under It is supreme that successively workpiece to be printed (3) is printed, finished workpart made of acquisition is stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers；Institute State that the quantity of shape layer is identical as the quantity in section is layered described in step 1, the installation positions of multiple shape layers respectively with The installation position in multiple layering sections corresponds and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer and two neighboring institute It is identical to state the distance between layering section, multiple printing paths for being layered sections are respectively multiple moldings in step 3 The printing path of layer；When being printed to workpiece to be printed (3), process is as follows：

Step 401, bottom printing：The controller (24) that moves horizontally is according to current institute's printing shaping acquired in step 3 The printing path of layer, controls the horizontally moving device and drives the plasma generator and the dust feeder Synchronization is moved in the horizontal plane；Plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the dust feeder In, the plasma beam that interior band is melted liquid stream by the plasma beam system of processing is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad (4)；It waits for After melting liquid stream solidifies, the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed；

In this step, current institute's printing shaping layer is the shape layer for being located at bottommost in multiple shape layers；

Step 402, last layer printing, include the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：Horizontal stamp pad (4) is once moved down in the vertical direction and downwards Mobile height is identical as the thickness of the shape layer；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The controller (24) that moves horizontally is according to current institute acquired in step 3 The printing path of printing shaping layer, the horizontally moving device is controlled and drive the plasma generator with it is described Dust feeder synchronization is moved in the horizontal plane；The plasma generator is synchronous with the dust feeder in the horizontal plane In moving process, the plasma beam of interior band melting liquid stream is continuously sprayed onto and has currently printed by the plasma beam system of processing On the upper surface of good next shape layer；After melting liquid stream solidifies, the printing of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed Process；

In this step, in plasma generator moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the dust feeder, pass through temperature Degree detection unit (9) is measured in real time and will be examined to the upper surface temperature of currently printed next shape layer Testing temperature synchronizing information is sent to printing apart from adjusting control device (10), while by distance detection unit (8) to the nozzle Outlet and the distance between horizontal stamp pad (4) be measured in real time and by the range information synchronous driving detected to printing Apart from adjusting control device (10)；It is described to print the temperature detected according to temperature detecting unit (9) apart from adjusting control device (10) Information and by control the printing distance adjusting means to the distance between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) into Row is adjusted, and the upper surface temperature of current printed next shape layer is made to be not higher than the material of workpiece to be printed (3) 0.6 times of fusing point；

The moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the dust feeder of plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 In, the dust feeder continuously sends out printed material, while the beam-plasma generated by the plasma beam system of processing Sent out printed material is melted, and makes sent out printed material melt the molten melt drop to be formed continuously and forms liquid Stream；The liquid stream is distributed in the beam-plasma, forms the interior plasma beam with melting liquid stream；

Step 402 is repeated several times in step 403, until completing the print procedure of all shape layers of workpiece (3) to be printed.

8. the method for carrying out 3D printing to workpiece to be printed according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：In step 4 under Before supreme successively printing, data processing equipment described in step 1 is first according to the material fusing point and printing pre-established apart from number According to library, and the Material Name of the workpiece to be printed (3) pre-entered by parameter input unit is combined, to workpiece to be printed (3) Basis printing distance be determined；The parameter input unit connects with the data processing equipment；

The material fusing point and printing range information of various material are stored in the material fusing point and printing range data library, each The material fusing point and printing range information of the material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material；It is described Basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is closer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is apart from adjusting control device (10) according to distance detection unit (8) institute The range information of detection and by control the printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) it Between distance be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle is beaten with horizontal The distance between ink pad (4) is that the basis prints distance；

Before carrying out printing and synchronizing temperature control in step 4022, the printing is single according to distance detection apart from adjusting control device (10) The number that moves down of range information and the horizontal stamp pad of combination (4) that first (8) are detected moves down height with each, and logical It crosses and controls the printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of the nozzle and current printed next shape layer The distance between upper surface is adjusted to the basis printing distance；To the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad in step 4022 The distance between (4) when being adjusted, described print is detected apart from adjusting control device (10) according to temperature detecting unit (9) Temperature information simultaneously combines outlet and horizontal stamp pad (4) of the range information that distance detection unit (8) is detected to the nozzle The distance between be adjusted, so that the upper surface temperature of current printed next shape layer is controlled in work to be printed Between 0.1 times of the material fusing point of part (3)~0.6 times；Also, between the outlet to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) When distance is adjusted, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

9. according to the method for carrying out 3D printing to workpiece to be printed described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that：The powder feeding Device includes powder feeder (2) and powder-feeding mouth (6), and the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder is the meal outlet of powder-feeding mouth (6)；The powder feeding Device (2) includes the shell for being provided with feed inlet and powder feeding outlet and the powder feeding wheel in the shell, and the powder feeding wheel is by driving Dynamic motor (14) is driven；The powder feeding outlet is connect with the powder inlet of powder-feeding mouth (6)；

The monitoring system further includes the plasma generator controller (7) controlled to the plasma generator, to supplying Detection of gas flow rate unit (11) that the gas flow of tracheae (5) is measured in real time, the flow tune to being installed on air supply pipe (5) Save the gas flow controller (12) that valve (19) is controlled, the powder being measured in real time to the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder Later and decadent stage of a school of thought amount detection unit (18) and the powder feeding flow controller (20) that driving motor (14) is controlled, the powder mass flow inspection Unit (18) is surveyed to connect with powder feeding flow controller (20)；The plasma generator controller (7) occurs with the plasma Device connects, and the detection of gas flow rate unit (11) connect with gas flow controller (12), the distance detection unit (8) and Gas flow controller (12) connects；

Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, data processing equipment described in step 1 is first according to the gas pre-established And powder mass flow database, and in conjunction with the thickness of the preset shape layer, base gas flow to air supply pipe (5) and The powder feeding flow of the dust feeder is determined；

The gas and powder mass flow databases contain powder feeding flow and basis needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness Gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder is bigger, institute It is bigger to state base gas flow；

The moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the dust feeder of plasma generator described in step 401 and step 4022 In, the powder mass flow detection unit (18) is measured in real time the powder feeding flow of the dust feeder and by institute's detection information Synchronous driving is to powder feeding flow controller (20), and the powder feeding flow controller (20) is according to the predetermined dust feeder Powder feeding flow and combining powder flow detection unit (18) institute's detection information driving motor (14) is controlled, make described send The powder feeding flow of powder device is identical as predetermined powder feeding flow；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller (12) is according to detection of gas flow rate unit (11) Institute's detection information and the gas flow of air supply pipe (5) is adjusted to the base gas stream by controlling flow control valve (19) Amount；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe (5) is the base gas flow；

It carries out printing in step 4022 and synchronize in temperature control process, the gas flow controller (12) is according to detection of gas flow rate Unit (11) institute's detection information simultaneously combines distance detection unit (8) institute detecting distance information, and by controlling flow control valve (19) adjustment is increased and decreased to the gas flow of air supply pipe (5)；Also, between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) Distance it is bigger, the gas flow of the air supply pipe (5) is bigger.

10. according to the method for carrying out 3D printing to workpiece to be printed described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that：Step 401 In moving process in the horizontal plane synchronous with the dust feeder with plasma generator described in step 4022, the powder feeding The powder feeding flow of device is 2g/min~200g/min；

It, will be between the powder feeding mouth of the dust feeder and horizontal stamp pad (4) before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4 Distance is adjusted to preset powder feeding height, and the powder feeding height is 5mm~1000mm；It is successively beaten from the bottom to top in step 4 During print, the powder feeding open height of the dust feeder is constant.