CN105750548A - Electron beam metal jet additive manufacturing apparatus and electron beam metal spray additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
Electron beam metal jet additive manufacturing apparatus and electron beam metal spray additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105750548A CN105750548A CN201510717689.4A CN201510717689A CN105750548A CN 105750548 A CN105750548 A CN 105750548A CN 201510717689 A CN201510717689 A CN 201510717689A CN 105750548 A CN105750548 A CN 105750548A
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Abstract
The invention provides an electron beam metal jet additive manufacturing apparatus, which comprises a container for containing a metal wire, an electron gun for emitting an electron beam, a deflection control system and a nozzle; the container is made of high-melting-point material; the deflection control system which is electrically connected with the electron gun controls the electron beam emitted by the electron gun to deflect to heat the container, so that the metal wire melts into the liquid state, or heat a jetting area, so that the jetting area reaches a slightly melted state; the nozzle which communicates with the container and is aimed at a working table jets the liquid-state metal to the jetting area; the container, the nozzle and the working table are arranged in a vacuum chamber. The electron beam metal jet additive manufacturing apparatus decreases the requirement of metal additive manufacturing on materials, and can obtain high material utilization rate and forming efficiency, forming quality is reliable, and the properties of obtained parts also can be close to the properties of raw materials. In addition, the invention provides an electron beam metal spray additive manufacturing method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal and increase material manufacturing technology field, particularly relate to a kind of electron beam metal injection and increase material manufacture device and method.
Background technology
Increase material manufacturing technology to have another name called 3D and print or rapid shaping, be a kind of based on mathematical model file, use powdery metal or plastics etc. can jointing material or fuse, carried out the technology of constructed object by the mode of successively stacking accumulation.The field such as Making mold, industrial design of being everlasting in the past is used to modeling, is now increasingly used for the direct manufacture of some products, particularly some high value applications, such as hip joint, tooth or some airplane components.Along with this technology is increasingly mature, it is more widely deployed for the direct manufacture of parts at present.
At metal parts manufacture view, selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser fusing (SLM), laser coaxial powder feeding is mainly had directly to manufacture, electron beam fuse molding (EBAM), the method such as electron-beam melting molding (EBM).At present, the limitation of this several method all various degrees, wherein adopting laser to be the increasing material manufacture method of thermal source and electron-beam melting molding all adopts powder to be molding raw material, powder manufacture difficulty is big, and easily pollute, not easily preserve, use cost is high, efficiency is also comparatively low；And electrical fuse molding adopts metal wire material as molding raw material, it is generally adopted the droplet transfer or directly metal wire material is sent into molten bath, wherein the droplet transfer causes formed precision and surface quality of workpieces poor due to the splashing of liquid metal, although forming speed is fast, but formed precision is relatively low, it is difficult to the part that the molding accuracy of manufacture is higher, is simply possible to use in the manufacture of part blank.Therefore, in order to advance the quick application increasing material manufacturing technology, it is necessary under the premise taking into account formed precision, reduce the cost of raw material, improve shaping speed.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, the present invention provides a kind of electron beam metal injection to increase material and manufactures device and method, effectively to solve prior art Problems existing.
A kind of electron beam metal injection increases material and manufactures device, comprising:
The container of accommodating metal wire material, it is made up of materials with high melting point；
The electron gun of divergent bundle；
With the deflection control system that described electron gun electrically connects, its deflection of a beam of electrons controlling the transmitting of described electron gun heats described container makes metal wire material be fused into liquid or heating jeting area, makes described jeting area reach micro-molten state；And
Connecting described container and the nozzle towards workbench, it is by the metal jet of liquid to described jeting area；
Described container, described nozzle and described workbench may be contained within vacuum chamber.
In the present invention one better embodiment, described electron gun has the electromagnetic deflection system controlling deflection of a beam of electrons, described electromagnetic deflection system and the electrical connection of described deflection control system.
In the present invention one better embodiment, also including providing high-tension high voltage power supply for described electron gun, described high voltage power supply is electrically connected to described electron gun.
In the present invention one better embodiment, also including the parameter control system controlling described electron gun and described high voltage power supply, described parameter control system is electrically connected to described electron gun and described high voltage power supply.
In the present invention one better embodiment, described parameter control system controls the high pressure of electron beam of described electron gun transmitting, line, focus current.
In the present invention one better embodiment, also include the wire tray carrying described metal wire material and the wire feeder carrying described metal wire material extremely described container.
In the present invention one better embodiment, also including the kinetic control system controlling described wire feeder and described workbench, described kinetic control system is electrically connected to described wire feeder and described workbench.
In the present invention one better embodiment, also including the man machine interface for man-machine interaction, described man machine interface is electrically connected to described deflection control system, described parameter control system and described kinetic control system.
A kind of electron beam metal injection increases material manufacture method, and it comprises the steps:
S101, utilize deflection control system control electron gun divergent bundle deflection heating be arranged in vacuum chamber container, make the metal wire material being delivered in described container be fused into liquid, and heat jeting area, make described jeting area reach micro-molten state；
S103, utilize kinetic control system control be arranged in vacuum chamber workbench move according to the hierarchy slicing path planning of part to be processed；
S105, control in being arranged at vacuum chamber, connect described container and towards the nozzle of described workbench by the metal jet of liquid to described jeting area.
In the present invention one better embodiment, described kinetic control system determines the speed carried in described metal wire material extremely described container according to the hierarchy slicing thickness of part to be processed.
In the present invention one better embodiment, described deflection control system determines the parameter of electron beam that described electron gun launches according to the transporting velocity of described metal wire material and the shaping speed of part to be processed.
Relative to prior art, electron beam metal provided by the invention injection increases material manufacture device and reduces the metal increasing material manufacture requirement to material, precision is no longer directly related with the physical size of material, and formed precision depends primarily on the size and dimension of nozzle, and stock utilization can reach 100%；Being additionally, since beam power can very greatly (as reached tens kilowatts) such that it is able to realize the high efficiency of forming of part.Simultaneously as the superheating phenomenon of liquid metal is less serious, various Volatile Elements scaling loss are few, and the performance of the final part obtained can be close with raw material.Additionally, molding in vacuum environment, it is not necessary to any protective gas, Forming Quality is reliable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 increases material for the electron beam metal injection that first embodiment of the invention provides and manufactures the composition schematic diagram of device；
Fig. 2 increases the flow chart of material manufacture method for the electron beam metal injection that second embodiment of the invention provides；
Fig. 3 is the course of processing schematic diagram adopting electron beam metal injection shown in Fig. 2 to increase material manufacture method.
Detailed description of the invention
For the ease of understanding the present invention, below with reference to relevant drawings, the present invention is described more fully.Accompanying drawing gives the better embodiment of the present invention.These are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent structure utilizing description of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to make or equivalence flow process conversion; or directly or indirectly it is used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner include in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technology used herein is identical with the implication that the those skilled in the art belonging to the present invention are generally understood that with scientific terminology.The term used in the description of the invention herein is intended merely to the purpose describing specific embodiment, it is not intended that in the restriction present invention.Term as used herein " and/or " include the arbitrary and all of combination of one or more relevant Listed Items.
Referring to Fig. 1, first embodiment of the invention provides a kind of electron beam metal injection to increase material and manufactures device 100, and it includes the container 10 of accommodating metal wire material, and it is made up of materials with high melting point；The electron gun 20 of divergent bundle；With the deflection control system 30 of described electron gun 20 electrical connection, its deflection of a beam of electrons controlling the transmitting of described electron gun 20 heats described container 10 makes metal wire material be fused into liquid or heating jeting area, makes described jeting area reach micro-molten state；And connecting described container 10 and the nozzle 50 towards workbench 40, it is by the metal jet of liquid to described jeting area；Described container 10, described nozzle 50 and described workbench 40 may be contained within vacuum chamber 60.
The injection of described electron beam metal increases material manufacture device 100 and utilizes the electron beam that electron gun 20 is launched to add heat container 10, the metal wire material in container 10 is made to be fused into liquid, when liquid metal is full of container 10, the metal wire material that container 10 top is sent into plays the effect of piston, liquid metal pressurized is made to be sprayed by nozzle 50, nozzle 50 or workbench 40 are walked according to the hierarchy slicing path planning path of part to be processed, the final part obtaining wanted molding, thus can reduce metal and increase the material manufacture requirement to material, precision is no longer directly related with the physical size of material, formed precision depends primarily on the size and dimension of nozzle 50, stock utilization can reach 100%；Being additionally, since beam power can very greatly (as reached tens kilowatts) such that it is able to realize the high efficiency of forming of part.Simultaneously as the superheating phenomenon of liquid metal is less serious, various Volatile Elements scaling loss are few, and the performance of the final part obtained can be close with raw material.Additionally, described container 10, described nozzle 50 and described workbench 40 may be contained within vacuum chamber 60, i.e. part to be processed molding in vacuum environment, it is not necessary to any protective gas, Forming Quality is reliable.
In the present embodiment, described container 10 is made by refractory metal material, certainly, it is not limited thereto, can also be made by high temperature ceramic material, as long as can not be melted under the heat effect of great-power electronic bundle, and can make to be placed in metal wire material melted by heat therein and become liquid.
In the present embodiment, described electron gun 20 has the electromagnetic deflection system 25 controlling deflection of a beam of electrons, described electromagnetic deflection system 25 and described deflection control system 30 electrically connect, and described deflection control system 30 is according to different waveform distribution fusing metal wire materials and melted or region to be sprayed, preheating liquid metals Energy distribution.Specifically, described electromagnetic deflection system 25 is under the control of described deflection control system 30, the electron beam that described electron gun 20 is launched is made to produce deflection at a high speed by electromagnetic action, the most of energy realizing electron beam makes metal wire material melt for adding heat container 10, separate portion of energy heating jeting area simultaneously, described jeting area is made to reach micro-molten state, so that the liquid metal of described nozzle 50 injection and successively stacking underlying metal reach metallurgical binding.
It is understood that for realizing connecting of described container 10 and described nozzle 50, described nozzle 50 and described container 10 can be directly connected to through or realize being mutually communicated by middleware (such as conduit).Meanwhile, the outlet size of described nozzle 50 can also be designed according to actual needs.
In the present embodiment, the injection of described electron beam metal increases material manufacture device 100 and also includes high voltage power supply 28, parameter control system 70, wire tray 15, wire feeder 18, kinetic control system 80 and man machine interface 90.Wherein, described high voltage power supply 28 provides the high voltage needed for work for described electron gun 20, and it is electrically connected to described electron gun 20.Described parameter control system 70 is electrically connected to described electron gun 20 and described high voltage power supply 28, and it controls described electron gun 20 and described high voltage power supply 28；Specifically, for realizing controlling the parameters of the electron beam that described electron gun 20 is launched, such as high pressure, line, focus current etc., thus ensureing the input power of energy and controlling the input form of electron beam.Described wire tray 15 bearing metal silk material, described metal wire material extremely described container 10 carried by described wire feeder 18；Specifically, described wire feeder 18 includes two opposed wheels (figure does not indicate), and described metal wire material is arranged among two wheels, and moves towards described container 10 with the rotation of two wheels, thus realizing conveying.Described kinetic control system 80 is electrically connected to described wire feeder 15 and described workbench 40; for controlling described wire feeder 15 and described workbench 40; namely the coordination exercise between described workbench 40 and described wire feeder 15 is controlled, it is ensured that obtain required parts shape；Specifically, control described wire feeder 15 and metal wire material is carried towards described container 10, or the processing needs according to part to be processed, control described workbench 40 and move.Described man machine interface 90 is for man-machine interaction, it is electrically connected to described deflection control system 30, described parameter control system 70 and described kinetic control system 80, it is understandable that, it is mutual that operator are responsible in described man machine interface 90 and the injection of described electron beam metal increases that material manufactures between device 100, and operator complete the injection of described electron beam metal by described man machine interface 90 and increase all operations action of material manufacture device 100.
Referring to Fig. 2, second embodiment of the invention provides a kind of electron beam metal injection to increase material manufacture method, and it comprises the steps:
S101, utilize deflection control system 30 control electron gun 20 divergent bundle deflection heating be arranged in vacuum chamber 60 container 10, the metal wire material being delivered in described container 10 is made to be fused into liquid, and heat jeting area, make described jeting area reach micro-molten state.
It is understood that described deflection control system 30 is according to different waveform distribution fusing metal wire materials and melted or region to be sprayed, preheating liquid metals Energy distribution.Specifically, described deflection control system 30 controls described electromagnetic deflection system 25, the electron beam that described electron gun 20 is launched is made to produce deflection at a high speed by electromagnetic action, the most of energy realizing electron beam makes metal wire material melt for adding heat container 10, separate portion of energy heating jeting area simultaneously, described jeting area is made to reach micro-molten state, so that the liquid metal of described nozzle 50 injection and successively stacking underlying metal reach metallurgical binding.
S103, utilize kinetic control system 80 control be arranged in vacuum chamber 60 workbench 40 move according to the hierarchy slicing path planning of part to be processed.
In the present embodiment, described workbench 40 is three-dimensional working platform, and namely it can move in tri-directions of X, Y, Z, further, it is also possible to rotate rotating around X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis.
S105, control to be arranged in vacuum chamber 60, connect described container 10 and towards the nozzle 50 of described workbench 40 by the metal jet of liquid to described jeting area.
In the present embodiment, in the course of processing of part to be processed, described kinetic control system 80 controls described workbench 40 and moves, nozzle 50 then transfixion, it is understandable that, being not limited thereto, described kinetic control system 80 can also control described nozzle 50 and move, and described workbench 40 transfixion；Or described kinetic control system 80 controls described workbench 40 and described nozzle 50 all moves, as long as the hierarchy slicing path planning molding according to part to be processed of part to be processed can effectively be realized.
In the present embodiment, described kinetic control system 80 determines the speed carried in described metal wire material extremely described container 10 according to the hierarchy slicing thickness of part to be processed.Meanwhile, described deflection control system 30 determines the parameter of electron beam that described electron gun 20 launches according to the transporting velocity of described metal wire material and the shaping speed of part to be processed.
Refer to Fig. 3, for adopting the injection of described electron beam metal to increase the course of processing schematic diagram of material manufacture method.Specifically, part model to be processed design is complete, is output as the form (such as STL etc.) of hierarchy slicing and path planning software support, then carries out hierarchy slicing；According to technological requirement path planning after section, and generate corresponding document；The injection of described electron beam metal increases material and manufactures device 100 read path planning file, moves according to path walking driven by program workbench 40, simultaneously drives wire feeder 15 transferring metal silk material, also opens electron gun 20 simultaneously；Nozzle 50 successively sprays the metal of liquid, successively carries out forming parts to be processed, and after completing injection, namely deposition obtains the part to obtain；After part deposition, taking out part and carry out post processing, these post processings include heat treatment, supplement machining, polishing etc., the part that final acquisition is qualified.
It is understood that the injection of described electron beam metal increases the realization simple, easily operated of material manufacture method step, be suitable to popularization and application.
Embodiment described above only have expressed the several embodiments of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to making some deformation and improvement, these broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (11)
1. an electron beam metal injection increases material manufacture device, it is characterised in that including:
The container of accommodating metal wire material, it is made up of materials with high melting point；
The electron gun of divergent bundle；
With the deflection control system that described electron gun electrically connects, its deflection of a beam of electrons controlling the transmitting of described electron gun heats described container makes metal wire material be fused into liquid or heating jeting area, makes described jeting area reach micro-molten state；And
Connecting described container and the nozzle towards workbench, it is by the metal jet of liquid to described jeting area；
Described container, described nozzle and described workbench may be contained within vacuum chamber.
2. electron beam metal injection as claimed in claim 1 increases material manufacture device, it is characterised in that described electron gun has the electromagnetic deflection system controlling deflection of a beam of electrons, described electromagnetic deflection system and the electrical connection of described deflection control system.
3. electron beam metal injection as claimed in claim 1 increases material manufacture device, it is characterised in that also including providing high-tension high voltage power supply for described electron gun, described high voltage power supply is electrically connected to described electron gun.
4. electron beam metal injection as claimed in claim 3 increases material manufacture device, it is characterised in that also including the parameter control system controlling described electron gun and described high voltage power supply, described parameter control system is electrically connected to described electron gun and described high voltage power supply.
5. electron beam metal injection increases material manufacture device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described parameter control system controls the high pressure of electron beam of described electron gun transmitting, line, focus current.
6. electron beam metal injection as claimed in claim 4 increases material manufacture device, it is characterised in that also include the wire tray carrying described metal wire material and the wire feeder carrying described metal wire material extremely described container.
7. electron beam metal injection as claimed in claim 6 increases material manufacture device, it is characterised in that also including the kinetic control system controlling described wire feeder and described workbench, described kinetic control system is electrically connected to described wire feeder and described workbench.
8. electron beam metal injection as claimed in claim 7 increases material manufacture device, it is characterised in that also including the man machine interface for man-machine interaction, described man machine interface is electrically connected to described deflection control system, described parameter control system and described kinetic control system.
9. an electron beam metal injection increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
S101, utilize deflection control system control electron gun divergent bundle deflection heating be arranged in vacuum chamber container, make the metal wire material being delivered in described container be fused into liquid, and heat jeting area, make described jeting area reach micro-molten state；
S103, utilize kinetic control system control be arranged in vacuum chamber workbench move according to the hierarchy slicing path planning of part to be processed；
S105, control in being arranged at vacuum chamber, connect described container and towards the nozzle of described workbench by the metal jet of liquid to described jeting area.
10. electron beam metal injection as claimed in claim 9 increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that described kinetic control system determines the speed carried in described metal wire material extremely described container according to the hierarchy slicing thickness of part to be processed.
11. electron beam metal injection as claimed in claim 9 increases material manufacture method, it is characterised in that described deflection control system determines the parameter of electron beam that described electron gun launches according to the transporting velocity of described metal wire material and the shaping speed of part to be processed.
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| CN106563804A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-04-19 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Laser-targeting multi-metal fused deposition additive manufacturing process and device |
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