CN106818215B - Industrialized cultivation method of morchella esculenta - Google Patents
Industrialized cultivation method of morchella esculenta Download PDFInfo
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- 241000221638 Morchella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008057 potassium phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001061906 Caragana Species 0.000 description 1
- DBPRUZCKPFOVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clorprenaline hydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl.CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl DBPRUZCKPFOVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000576755 Sclerotia Species 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides an industrial cultivation method of morchella ladder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a culture medium; (2) preparing liquid strains; (3) culturing hyphae; (4) and (3) fruiting management: and (4) transferring the mycelium in the step (3) to a fruiting chamber for fruiting management, wherein the management is divided into primordium formation promoting period, mushroom bud formation period, growth period and maturation period management. The method adopts crop waste as raw materials to prepare the culture medium, adopts liquid strains to sow, completely realizes the industrial cultivation of the morchella indoors, has simple operation, low cost, short period and controllable quality, can be industrially produced throughout the year, and obtains a green product which has no pollution, faint scent, pleasant taste and delicious taste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to an indoor or industrial cultivation method of morchella ladder.
Technical Field
Morchella (Morchella), also known as Morchella esculenta, and Morchella caragana, belonging to the class of Lactaria, order of Lactariles, family of Morchellacaceae, was discovered in 1818, and was named because its mushroom cap surface was uneven and its shape was exactly like Morchella esculenta. The morchella is a rare edible and medicinal fungus, has delicious taste and rich nutrition, has extremely high nutritional and medicinal values, is a treasure at a banquet, is a long-standing food product, and has the effects of enhancing the immunity of the organism, resisting fatigue, viruses, tonifying the kidney, strengthening yang and the like. Wild collection is a traditional method for obtaining morchella, is influenced by environment and climate change, reduces wild resources year by year, has short supply and short demand in the market and is expensive, so that artificial cultivation becomes necessary.
In the long exploration process of the artificial cultivation technology of the morchella, the problem of stability of yield and quality is always a difficult problem which cannot be overcome. At abroad, only the DNP company in the United states preliminarily realizes the industrial cultivation of the morchella in the world at present. The 2005 DNP company built a large edible mushroom production plant in michigan, producing 3000 pounds of morchella weekly. In 2008, the production of morchella esculenta of DNP company encounters the technical problem of unstable yield, and the production is stopped because of no solution. Therefore, no breakthrough result has been achieved for commercial production of morchella sporocarp.
In China, large-scale and commercial planting of morchella esculenta in field cultivation is realized, but the field cultivation is influenced by natural conditions and regional climate limitation, so that failure and low yield are caused. At present, a plurality of research institutions successfully realize field artificial commercial cultivation of morchella esculenta, the outdoor cultivation period is as long as nearly 6 months, only one season in one year, natural conditions are unstable, uncertainty factors are numerous, and the fact that some years of cultivation are less harvested or over harvested is often caused, so that huge economic losses of growers are caused. The indoor industrial cultivation becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently. The invention patents (patent application No. 200610076953.1) and the invention patents (patent application No. 201410029430.9) of professor Zhudouxi only mention high yield, but do not relate to specific yield, and the latter mentions that the process is complicated and time-consuming when holes are punched on the material surface for seed sowing. At present, no real breakthrough exists for indoor cultivation and fruiting of morchella in China, and one key reason is fruiting management.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the inventor researches and develops an indoor cultivation process of morchella terraced, on the basis of summarizing the prior outdoor planting success experience, takes nature as a research object, successfully realizes indoor cultivation fruiting of morchella terraced through bionic regulation and control of various indexes of an indoor cultivation environment and strict control of morchella terraced fruiting management, obtains good yield, is manually controllable in indoor cultivation environment conditions, can stably operate for a long time for production, is beneficial to scale factory amplification, and has the characteristics of low investment, high yield, good quality, rich raw material sources and the like.
The invention provides an industrial or indoor cultivation method of morchella terraced, which adopts crop waste as raw material to prepare a cultivation medium, adopts liquid spawn to sow, completely realizes industrial cultivation of morchella in the room, has simple operation, low cost, short period and controllable quality, can be industrially produced all the year around, and obtains a green product which has no pollution, faint scent and delicious taste.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an industrial cultivation method of morchella ladder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture medium: the material mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of peat soil, 5-10 parts of humus soil, 3-5 parts of cow dung, 3-5 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of moss, 5-10 parts of rice husk, 5-8 parts of corn straw, 3-5 parts of peanut shell and 3-5 parts of soybean husk;
(2) preparing liquid strains: inoculating the activated slant cultured mother strain into liquid culture medium in sterile environment, and shake culturing for 3-5 days to obtain cultivated strain;
(3) hypha culture: uniformly scattering the cultivated species obtained in the step (2) on the cultivation substrate obtained in the step (1), then covering the cultivation substrate of 2-3cm, and culturing in a dark place for 25-35 days in a culture room;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: and (4) transferring the mycelium in the step (3) to a fruiting chamber for fruiting management, wherein the management comprises the steps of primordium formation promoting period, mushroom bud formation period, growth period and maturation period:
promoting the period of primordium formation: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 70-80%, illuminating for 6-8h each day with illumination intensity of 100-2001 x, and controlling the temperature at 10-22 deg.C;
and (3) forming buds of the mushrooms: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 60-70%, illuminating for 8-12h each day with illumination intensity of 200-500lx, and controlling the temperature at 4-18 deg.C;
growth period and mature period: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 80-90%, the illumination intensity at 500-800lx for 12-20h every day, and keeping the constant temperature at 22 ℃;
and (4) keeping the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting chamber to be 0.3-0.4% in fruiting management, and harvesting mature morchella sporocarp in 35-45 days in fruiting management.
In some embodiments, the raw material composition in the step (1) is mixed, after being uniformly stirred, a potassium phosphate buffer solution containing Thermoactinomyces fusca and Bacillus subtilis and having a pH value of 7.5-8.0 is sprayed and added to enable the water content in the mixture to reach 50-60%, and after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is stacked for 3-4 days to obtain the culture medium.
In some embodiments, the liquid medium described in step (2) consists essentially of: 30-40g/L of glucose, 20-30g/L of yeast extract, 20-30g/L of peptone, 3-5g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 3-5g/L of magnesium sulfate.
In some embodiments, the shake culture conditions in step (2) are: inoculating the mother seeds into the liquid culture medium according to the amount of the mother seeds and the weight percentage of the liquid culture medium of 2-3%, and then placing on a constant temperature shaking table for culturing, wherein the temperature of the shaking table is 22-24 ℃, and the rotating speed of the shaking table is 100-120 r/min.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the culture room in the step (3) is 10-16 ℃, and the humidity of the culture substrate is 50-65%.
In some embodiments, in step (4):
the temperature during the period of promoting the formation of primordia is controlled as follows: controlling the temperature at 16-22 ℃ for 10-16h every day, and controlling the temperature at 10-15 ℃ for 8-14 h;
the temperature in the formation period of the mushroom buds is controlled as follows: the temperature is controlled to be 11-18 ℃ for 14-18h every day, and the temperature is controlled to be 4-10 ℃ for 6-10 h.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises a harvesting step, when the diameter of the pileus is 3.5-6.5cm and the length of the stipe is 4-6cm, the pileus is ready to be harvested, the humidity of the culture medium is controlled to be 60-70% 3-5 days before harvesting, the harvesting period is controlled to be 5-10 days, and the fruiting chamber is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected in time after harvesting.
The mother strains of the morchella esculenta adopted by the method are obtained by separating from wild morchella esculenta by using a conventional technical means in the field, and the inoculated morchella esculenta strains can be obtained by culturing by using a conventional method in the field.
The artificial illumination used in the method of the invention may be obtained from a fluorescent or LED light source.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the liquid strain provided by the invention is simple to prepare, and the preparation of the solid strain needs about 3 months from mother strains to stock strains to cultivated strains, and the culture medium needs to be replaced. The liquid strain generally only needs about 3-5 days, and the inoculation is convenient, the hypha can rapidly develop after the inoculation, and the mycelium pellets are large in quantity and uniform in distribution.
(2) According to the fruiting management technology provided by the invention, by means of modern engineering technology and advanced equipment, conditions such as stepped temperature, humidity and illumination intensity required by growth and development of morchella esculenta and constant carbon dioxide concentration are set, nutrient substances, temperature and illumination required by the morchella esculenta in each stage of primordium formation promoting period, mushroom bud period, growth period and maturation period are ensured, temperature difference stimulation, illumination stimulation and warm-wet stimulation are properly given, and then morchella esculenta primordium formation and rapid development of morchella esculenta sporocarp in later period are promoted.
(3) The indoor cultivation method of the morchella esculenta provided by the invention completely realizes the all-year rolling production, overcomes the limitation that the traditional cultivation method is used for cultivating one to two seasons in one year, is not limited by natural environment in the production process, greatly improves the labor productivity, is qualified in product quality, less in pollution and low in cost, greatly promotes the high and stable yield of the morchella esculenta, and can ensure that the annual yield of the morchella esculenta per square meter reaches 1.5-1.8 kg.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the following examples are given by way of illustration and should not be construed to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that any variations and modifications made on the basis of the invention herein provided will be within the scope of the invention as those skilled in the art will be able to commercially obtain all of the materials in the examples. In order to further understand the present invention, the following will explain the present invention in detail with reference to the examples.
Example 1
An indoor cultivation or industrial cultivation method of morchella terrana comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a matrix: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of humus soil, 3 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of moss, 5 parts of chaff, 5 parts of corn straw, 3 parts of peanut shell and 3 parts of soybean shell; mixing, stirring uniformly, adding a potassium phosphate buffer solution containing thermophilic actinomyces brown and bacillus subtilis and having the pH value of 7.5, spraying the mixture to ensure that the water content of the mixture reaches 50%, mixing uniformly, stacking for 3 days, and turning over once a day to obtain a culture medium;
2) preparing liquid strains: inoculating the activated mother strain cultured on the slant into a liquid culture medium under sterile environment according to the mother strain amount and the weight percentage of the liquid culture medium of 2%, and then placing on a constant temperature shaking table for culturing, wherein the temperature of the shaking table is controlled to be 22-24 ℃, the rotating speed of the shaking table is 100r/min, and the shaking table is cultured for 3 days. Wherein the liquid culture medium is prepared from the following components: 30g/L of glucose, 20g/L of yeast extract, 20g/L of peptone, 3g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 3g/L of magnesium sulfate;
3) hypha culture: uniformly scattering the liquid culture strain obtained in the step (2) on the culture medium obtained in the step (1), then covering 2-3cm of culture medium, starting to culture, controlling the temperature of a culture room to be 10 ℃ and the humidity of the culture medium to be 50%, and culturing for 35 days in a dark place;
4) and (3) fruiting management: and (4) transferring the mycelium in the step (3) to a fruiting chamber at the temperature of 16 ℃, keeping the carbon dioxide concentration of the fruiting chamber at 0.3%, and managing fruiting for 35 days. Wherein, the fruiting management of the mycelium in the fruiting chamber comprises primordium forming period, mushroom bud forming period, growth period and maturation period. Promoting the period of primordium formation: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 70%, illuminating for 6h every day with illumination intensity of 2001 x, controlling the temperature at 16 ℃ for 10h every day, and controlling the temperature at 10 ℃ for 14 h; and (3) forming buds of the mushrooms: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 60%, illuminating for 8h every day with illumination intensity of 500lx, controlling the temperature at 11 ℃ for 14h every day, and controlling the temperature at 4 ℃ for 10 h; growth period and maturation period: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 80%, illuminating for 12h every day with the illumination intensity of 800lx, and keeping the constant temperature at 22 ℃;
5) harvesting: when the diameter of the pileus is 3.5-6.5cm and the length of the stipe is 4-6cm, harvesting is prepared, the humidity of the culture medium is controlled to be 60% 3 days before harvesting, the harvesting period is controlled to be 5 days, and the fruiting chamber is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected in time after harvesting. The harvest result data shows that the yield per square meter per year reaches about 1.6 kg.
Example 2
An indoor cultivation or industrial cultivation method of morchella terrana comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a matrix: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of peat soil, 7 parts of humus soil, 4 parts of cow dung, 4 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of moss, 7 parts of chaff, 7 parts of corn straw, 4 parts of peanut shell and 4 parts of soybean shell; mixing, stirring uniformly, adding a potassium phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 7.7 and containing the brown thermophilic actinomyces and the bacillus subtilis, spraying the mixture to ensure that the water content of the mixture reaches 55 percent, mixing uniformly, stacking for 4 days, and turning over once a day to obtain a culture medium;
2) preparing liquid strains: the stock seeds cultured by the activated slant in advance are cultured under the sterile environment according to the stock seed quantity: the liquid culture medium with a weight percentage of 2.5% is inoculated into the liquid culture medium, and then the liquid culture medium is placed on a constant temperature shaking table for culture, the temperature of the shaking table is controlled to be 22-24 ℃, the rotating speed of the shaking table is 110r/min, and the shaking table is cultured for 4 days. Wherein the liquid culture medium is prepared from the following components: 35g/L glucose, 25g/L yeast extract, 25g/L peptone, 4g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 4g/L magnesium sulfate;
3) hypha culture: uniformly scattering the liquid culture strain obtained in the step (2) on the culture medium obtained in the step (1), then covering 2-3cm of culture medium, and starting to culture, controlling the temperature of a culture room to be 14 ℃, the humidity of the culture medium to be 58%, and culturing for 30 days in a dark place;
4) and (3) fruiting management: and (5) transferring the mycelium in the step (4) to a fruiting chamber at the temperature of 19 ℃, keeping the carbon dioxide concentration of the fruiting chamber at 0.35%, and managing fruiting for 40 days. Wherein, the fruiting management of the mycelium in the fruiting chamber comprises primordium forming period, mushroom bud forming period, growth period and maturation period. Promoting the period of primordium formation: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 75%, illuminating for 7h every day with illumination intensity of 1501 x, controlling the temperature at 19 ℃ for 14h every day, and controlling the temperature at 12 ℃ for 10 h; and (3) forming buds of the mushrooms: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 65%, illuminating for 10h every day with illumination intensity of 600lx, controlling the temperature at 15 ℃ for 16h every day, and controlling the temperature at 7 ℃ for 8 h; growth period and maturation period: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 85%, illuminating for 16h every day with illumination intensity of 600lx, and keeping the temperature at 22 deg.C.
5) Harvesting: when the diameter of the pileus is 3.5-6.5cm and the length of the stipe is 4-6cm, harvesting is prepared, 4 days before harvesting, the humidity of the culture medium is controlled to be 65%, the harvesting period is controlled to be 8 days, and the fruiting chamber is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected in time after harvesting. The harvest result data shows that the yield per square meter per year reaches about 1.8 kg.
Example 3
An indoor cultivation or industrial cultivation method of morchella terrana comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a matrix: weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of humus soil, 5 parts of cow dung, 5 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of moss, 10 parts of chaff, 8 parts of corn straw, 5 parts of peanut shell and 5 parts of soybean shell; mixing, stirring uniformly, adding a potassium phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 8 and containing the brown thermophilic actinomyces and the bacillus subtilis, spraying the mixture to ensure that the water content of the mixture reaches 60 percent, mixing uniformly, stacking for 4 days, and turning over once a day to obtain the culture medium;
2) preparing liquid strains: the stock seeds cultured by the activated slant in advance are cultured under the sterile environment according to the stock seed quantity: the liquid culture medium with a weight percentage of 3% is inoculated into the liquid culture medium, and then the liquid culture medium is placed on a constant temperature shaking table for culturing, the temperature of the shaking table is controlled to be 22-24 ℃, the rotating speed of the shaking table is 120r/min, and the shaking table is cultured for 5 days. Wherein the liquid culture medium is prepared from the following components: 40g/L glucose, 30g/L yeast extract, 30g/L peptone, 5g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5g/L magnesium sulfate;
3) hypha culture: uniformly scattering the liquid culture strain obtained in the step (2) on the culture medium obtained in the step (1), then covering 2-3cm of culture medium, and starting to culture, controlling the temperature of a culture room to be 16 ℃ and the humidity of the culture medium to be 65%, and culturing for 25 days in a dark place;
4) and (3) fruiting management: and (5) transferring the mycelium in the step (4) to a fruiting chamber at the temperature of 22 ℃, keeping the carbon dioxide concentration of the fruiting chamber at 0.3%, and managing fruiting for 45 days. Wherein, the fruiting management of the mycelium in the fruiting chamber comprises primordium forming period, mushroom bud forming period, growth period and maturation period. Promoting the period of primordium formation: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 80%, illuminating for 8h every day with illumination intensity of 1001 x, controlling the temperature at 22 ℃ for 16h every day, and controlling the temperature at 15 ℃ for 8 h; and (3) forming buds of the mushrooms: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 70%, illuminating for 12h every day with illumination intensity of 200lx, controlling the temperature at 18 ℃ every day for 18h, and controlling the temperature at 10 ℃ for 6 h; growth period and maturation period: maintaining the humidity of the culture medium at 85%, illuminating for 20h every day with illumination intensity of 500lx, and keeping constant temperature at 22 deg.C;
5) harvesting: when the diameter of the pileus is 3.5-6.5cm and the length of the stipe is 4-6cm, harvesting is prepared, 5 days before harvesting, the humidity of the culture medium is controlled to be 70%, the harvesting period is controlled to be 10 days, and the fruiting chamber is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected in time after harvesting. The harvest result data shows that the yield per square meter per year reaches about 1.5 kg.
Comparative examples
An indoor cultivation or industrial cultivation method of morchella terrana comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of culture medium, (2) preparation of liquid spawn, and (3) conditions for hypha culture are the same as in example 1;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: the conditions for fruiting management refer to comparison document "a Morchella esculenta industrialized post-nutrition supplement" (CN 105009935A): firstly, transferring a mycelium to a fruiting room with the temperature of 16 ℃; temperature difference stimulation: after 20 days, sclerotia begins to form, the temperature is reduced to 8 ℃, the humidity of the culture medium is 50%, the air humidity is 80%, the lamp is turned on at 6 am and turned off at 6 pm, the illumination intensity is 300lx, and the ventilation is 1000m per hour3The ventilation volume is 8 min; ③ stimulating by temperature difference: after 10 days, raising the temperature to 18 ℃, and culturing until a sporocarp begins to be formed under the same condition as temperature difference stimulation (I); fourthly, sporocarp culture: the temperature is 18 deg.C, the air humidity is 80%, the lamp is turned on at 6 am, the lamp is turned off at 6 pm, the off-light intensity is 800lx, and the ventilation is 1000m per hour3Ventilating for 12min, culturing for 20 days, and allowing Morchella esculenta to mature; (5) the harvesting conditions were the same as in example (1). The harvest result data shows that the yield per square meter per year reaches about 0.8 kg.
Claims (6)
1. An industrial cultivation method of morchella ladder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture medium: the material mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of peat soil, 5-10 parts of humus soil, 3-5 parts of cow dung, 3-5 parts of vermiculite, 5-10 parts of moss, 5-10 parts of rice husk, 5-8 parts of corn straw, 3-5 parts of peanut shell and 3-5 parts of soybean husk;
(2) preparing liquid strains: inoculating the activated slant cultured mother strain into liquid culture medium in sterile environment, and shake culturing for 3-5 days to obtain cultivated strain; the liquid culture medium consists of the following components: 30-40g/L of glucose, 20-30g/L of yeast extract, 20-30g/L of peptone, 3-5g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 3-5g/L of magnesium sulfate; inoculating the mother seeds into the liquid culture medium according to the amount of the mother seeds and the weight percentage of the liquid culture medium of 2-3 percent;
(3) hypha culture: uniformly scattering the cultivated species obtained in the step (2) on the cultivation substrate obtained in the step (1), then covering the cultivation substrate of 2-3cm, and culturing in a dark place for 25-35 days in a culture room;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: and (4) transferring the mycelium obtained in the step (3) to a fruiting chamber for fruiting management, wherein the fruiting management comprises the following steps of promoting primordium formation period, mushroom bud formation period, growth period and maturation period management:
promoting the period of primordium formation: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 70-80%, illuminating for 6-8h each day with illumination intensity of 100-2001 x, and controlling the temperature at 10-22 deg.C;
and (3) forming buds of the mushrooms: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 60-70%, illuminating for 8-12h each day with illumination intensity of 200-500lx, and controlling the temperature at 4-18 deg.C;
growth period and mature period: keeping the humidity of the culture medium at 80-90%, the illumination intensity at 500-800lx for 12-20h every day, and keeping the constant temperature at 22 ℃;
and (4) keeping the concentration of carbon dioxide in the fruiting chamber to be 0.3-0.4% in fruiting management, and harvesting mature morchella sporocarp in 35-45 days in fruiting management.
2. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terrae according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw materials in the step (1) are mixed, after being uniformly stirred, potassium phosphate buffer solution containing thermophilic actinomyces brown and bacillus subtilis and having a pH value of 7.5-8.0 is sprayed and added to enable the water content in the mixture to reach 50-60%, and after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is stacked for 3-4 days to obtain the cultivation substrate.
3. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shake cultivation conditions in step (2) are as follows: the temperature of the shaking table is 22-24 ℃, and the rotation speed of the shaking table is 100-120 r/min.
4. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cultivation room in step (3) is 10-16 ℃, and the humidity of the cultivation medium is 50-65%.
5. The industrial cultivation method of morchella terraced as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4):
the temperature during the period of promoting the formation of primordia is controlled as follows: controlling the temperature at 16-22 ℃ for 10-16h every day, and controlling the temperature at 10-15 ℃ for 8-14 h;
the temperature in the formation period of the mushroom buds is controlled as follows: the temperature is controlled to be 11-18 ℃ for 14-18h every day, and the temperature is controlled to be 4-10 ℃ for 6-10 h.
6. The industrial cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, further comprising a harvesting step, wherein harvesting is ready when the diameter of a pileus is 3.5-6.5cm and the length of a stipe is 4-6cm, the humidity of the culture medium is controlled to be 60-70% 3-5 days before harvesting, the harvesting period is controlled to be 5-10 days, and a fruiting chamber is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected in time after harvesting.
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| CN107311719B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-07-20 | 安徽诺亚农业有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse gardening method of hickory chick |
| CN107455145B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-09-03 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | A kind of cultivation management method of ladder rib hickory chick |
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| CN107873389A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-04-06 | 四川三点水生物科技有限公司 | A kind of production method of hickory chick batch production |
| CN108485995A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-04 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | A kind of complex micro organism fungicide and biological organic fertilizer promoting hickory chick growth |
| CN108782011A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-13 | 山东省科创食用菌产业技术研究院 | A kind of hickory chick breeding method based on Internet of Things |
| CN114946527A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-08-30 | 成都农业科技职业学院 | Method for industrially cultivating morchella |
| CN114946526A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-08-30 | 成都农业科技职业学院 | Formula and cultivation method of morchella culture material |
| CN114303791B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2023-05-02 | 红河学院 | Nutrient-bag-free morchella industrial cultivation method |
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| CN100369542C (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2008-02-20 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Seed bed for culturing ectotrophic mycorrhiza type edible fungus and herbal fungus root |
| CN103782802A (en) * | 2014-01-18 | 2014-05-14 | 朱斗锡 | Method for conducting industrialized production on Morchella esculenta |
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| CN106305131A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-11 | 定西市源顺生物科技有限责任公司 | Morchella sunlight greenhouse bionic environment high-yield cultivation method |
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Denomination of invention: Industrialized cultivation method of terraced morel mushroom Granted publication date: 20201124 Pledgee: Agricultural Bank of China Limited Dongguan Chang'an sub branch Pledgor: DONGGUAN DONGYANGGUANG HEALTH PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980024070 |