CN106665419B - Zinc-rich catfish culture method - Google Patents
Zinc-rich catfish culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106665419B CN106665419B CN201611056787.9A CN201611056787A CN106665419B CN 106665419 B CN106665419 B CN 106665419B CN 201611056787 A CN201611056787 A CN 201611056787A CN 106665419 B CN106665419 B CN 106665419B
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 241001233037 catfish Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 241000186673 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001466864 Clarias fuscus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000005132 reproductive cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention mainly relates to the field of culture, and discloses a method for culturing zinc-rich catfish, which comprises the following steps: parent fish culture, artificial insemination, fry management and adult fish management; the method is simple, the fertilization rate of the catfish is 93 percent, the hatchability is 91 percent, the survival rate is 72 percent, the content of organic zinc reaches 8.14mg/100g, and the economic income is improved by 13.2 percent; the male and female parent fish are fed with different feeds to promote absorption, improve the content of organic zinc in germ cells and enhance the reproductive capacity of the parent fish; after fertilization, zinc sulfate solution is added, so that the fertilization rate is improved, the activity is enhanced, and the hatching rate is obviously improved; the fry is fed according to different stages, so that the growth is accelerated, the resistance is enhanced, and the survival rate is improved; the adult fish only feeds artificial feed, so that the nutrition is balanced, the zinc content is high, and the organic zinc content in the adult fish is increased; all the feeds are fermented by lactobacillus delbrueckii to promote digestion and absorption of the catfish and enhance the stress resistance of the catfish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of culture, in particular to a method for culturing zinc-rich catfish.
Background
Catfish (catfish), also called clarias fuscus, sticky fish, clarias fuscus, and fry. The fish milk is rich in nutrition, is treasure on the whole body, is rich in protein and mineral elements, is a treasure in fish, and can promote lactation, remove edema, strengthen muscles and bones and prolong life. Zinc is one of essential trace elements, and has effects of promoting growth and development, improving intelligence, maintaining normal appetite, enhancing immunity, promoting wound healing, promoting vitamin A absorption, protecting vision, caring skin.
In the existing culture of catfish, the conventional culture is mainly carried out, the catfish meat contains less zinc and can not meet the nutrition and health care requirements of consumers, so a zinc-rich catfish culture method is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for culturing zinc-rich catfish.
A method for culturing zinc-rich catfish comprises the following steps:
(1) parent fish culture: selecting individual and well-proportioned parent catfish to respectively breed in a male fish pond and a female fish pond 40-50 days before artificial propagation, and respectively feeding the male fish feed and the female fish feed to promote absorption, improve the content of organic zinc in reproductive cells and enhance the reproductive capacity of the parent catfish;
(2) artificial insemination: during artificial insemination, after egg cells are taken out, adding semen, stirring the mixture gently and uniformly, and after 20 to 25 minutes, adding zinc sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 0.06 to 0.08 percent, wherein the addition amount is 1/3 of the volume of the semen, so that separation of fertilized eggs is promoted, the fertilization rate is improved, the vitality is enhanced, the incubation rate is obviously improved, and the fertilized eggs are uniformly mixed to obtain fertilized eggs;
(3) fry management: transferring the fry from the hatching pond to a fry breeding pond, adding fry feed for 1-6 days, wherein the adding amount is 9.6-9.8% of the weight of the fry, the adding amount is 7-18 days, the adding amount is 9.2-9.4% of the weight of the fry, the adding amount is 19-30 days, the adding amount per day is 8.7-8.9% of the weight of the fry, and the fry is added at fixed points and fixed time for 4-5 times every day, so that the growth of the fry is accelerated, the resistance is enhanced, and the survival rate is obviously improved;
(4) adult fish management: and (3) transferring the fry into an adult fish culture pond in 31 days, wherein the mass fraction of zinc sulfate in the pond water is 0.02-0.03%, the adult fish feed is added for 3-4 times every day, the addition amount is 8.7-8.9% of the weight of the adult fish, the nutrition is balanced, the zinc content is high, the digestion and absorption are promoted, the organic zinc content in the adult fish is increased, and the water is kept clear.
The female fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64-66 parts of corn flour, 32-34 parts of wheat bran, 27-29 parts of soybean cakes, 21-23 parts of chicken livers, 17-19 parts of chicken intestines, 14-16 parts of feather meal, 5-7 parts of zinc-rich yeast and 5-7 parts of lactobacillus delbrueckii, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cakes, the chicken livers and the chicken intestines to obtain a mixture with a particle size of 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding the lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 36-38 ℃ for 5-6 hours, adding the feather meal and the zinc-rich yeast, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for female fish.
The male fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 72-74 parts of corn flour, 32-34 parts of wheat bran, 27-29 parts of peanut cake, 24-26 parts of pork liver, 15-17 parts of fish and shrimp leftovers, 14-16 parts of feather meal, 0.5-0.7 part of zinc sulfate and 5-7 parts of lactobacillus delbrueckii, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cake, the pork liver and the fish and shrimp leftovers until the particle size is 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding the lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 36-38 ℃ for 6-7 hours, adding the feather meal and the zinc sulfate, uniformly mixing and granulating to obtain the male fish feed.
The fry feed in the step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 61-63 parts of corn flour, 42-44 parts of wheat bran, 27-29 parts of peanut cake, 21-23 parts of chicken liver, 14-16 parts of shrimp meal, 7-9 parts of egg yolk, 0.3-0.4 part of animal multivitamin, 0.12-0.14 part of animal polymineral and 5-7 parts of lactobacillus delbrueckii, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cake, the chicken liver and the shrimp meal until the particle size is 1-3 mm, adding water until the water content is 66-68%, uniformly mixing, adding lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 36-38 ℃ for 4-5 hours, adding the egg yolk, the animal multivitamin and the animal polymineral, uniformly stirring and granulating to obtain the fry feed.
The adult fish feed in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 74-76 parts of corn flour, 31-33 parts of wheat bran, 27-29 parts of soybean cake, 22-24 parts of pork liver, 17-19 parts of edible fungus dreg, 12-14 parts of slaughter leftovers, 0.5-0.7 part of zinc sulfate and 6-8 parts of lactobacillus delbrueckii, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cake, the pork liver, the edible fungus dreg and the slaughter leftovers until the particle size is 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 36-38 ℃ for 7-8 hours, adding zinc sulfate, uniformly stirring and granulating to obtain the adult fish feed.
The invention has the advantages that: the method for culturing the zinc-rich catfish is simple, the fertilization rate of the catfish is 93%, the hatching rate is 91%, the survival rate is 72%, the content of organic zinc reaches 8.14mg/100g, and the economic income is improved by 13.2%; the male and female parent fish are fed with different feeds to promote absorption, improve the content of organic zinc in germ cells and enhance the reproductive capacity of the parent fish; after fertilization, zinc sulfate solution is added, so that the fertilization rate is improved, the activity is enhanced, and the hatching rate is obviously improved; the fry is fed according to different stages, so that the growth is accelerated, the resistance is enhanced, and the survival rate is improved; the adult fish only feeds artificial feed, so that the nutrition is balanced, the zinc content is high, and the organic zinc content in the adult fish is increased; all the feeds are fermented by lactobacillus delbrueckii to promote digestion and absorption of the catfish and enhance the stress resistance of the catfish.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A method for culturing zinc-rich catfish comprises the following steps:
(1) parent fish culture: selecting individual and well-proportioned catfish parent fishes to respectively breed in a male and female fish pond 40-50 days before artificial propagation, and respectively feeding female fish feed and male fish feed;
(2) artificial insemination: when in artificial insemination, after taking out egg cells, adding semen, stirring the mixture gently and uniformly, after 20 to 25 minutes, adding zinc sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 0.06 percent, wherein the adding amount is 1/3 of the volume of the semen, and uniformly mixing the solution to obtain fertilized eggs;
(3) fry management: transferring the fry from the hatching pool to a fry rearing pool, adding fry feed for 1-6 days, wherein the adding amount is 9.6% of the weight of the fry and 7-18 days, the adding amount is 9.2% of the weight of the fry and 19-30 days, the adding amount is 8.7% of the weight of the fry each day, and the feeding is carried out at fixed points and fixed time for 4 times each day;
(4) adult fish management: and (3) transferring the fry into an adult fish culture pond in 31 days, wherein the mass fraction of zinc sulfate in the pond water is 0.02%, feeding adult fish feed for 3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 8.7% of the weight of the adult fish, and keeping the water body clear.
The female fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 64, wheat bran 32, soybean cake 27, chicken liver 21, chicken intestine 17, feather powder 14, zinc-rich yeast 5 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 5, wherein the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cake, the chicken liver and the chicken intestine are mixed and crushed to have the particle size of 0.2-1.4 cm, water is added until the water content is 68-70%, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the lactobacillus delbrueckii is added, the mixture is fermented for 5 hours at 36 ℃, the feather powder and the zinc-rich yeast are added, the mixture is uniformly stirred and granulated, and the female fish feed is obtained.
The male fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 72, wheat bran 32, peanut cake 27, pork liver 24, fish and shrimp leftovers 15, feather meal 14, zinc sulfate 0.5 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 5, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cake, the pork liver and the fish and shrimp leftovers until the particle size is 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding the lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 36 ℃ for 6 hours, adding the feather meal and the zinc sulfate, uniformly mixing and granulating to obtain the male fish feed.
The fry feed in the step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 61, wheat bran 42, peanut cake 27, chicken liver 21, shrimp meal 14, egg yolk 7, animal multi-vitamin 0.3, animal multi-mineral 0.12 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 5, wherein the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cake, the chicken liver and the shrimp meal are mixed and crushed to obtain particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, water is added until the water content is 66-68%, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the lactobacillus delbrueckii is added, the fermentation is carried out for 4 hours at 36 ℃, the egg yolk, the animal multi-vitamin and the animal multi-mineral are added, the stirring is uniform, and the granulation is carried out to obtain the fry feed.
The adult fish feed in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 74, wheat bran 31, soybean cake 27, pork liver 22, edible fungus dreg 17, slaughter leftovers 12, zinc sulfate 0.5 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 6, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cake, the pork liver, the edible fungus dreg and the slaughter leftovers until the particle size is 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting for 7 hours at 36 ℃, adding zinc sulfate, uniformly stirring and granulating to obtain the adult fish feed.
Example 2
A method for culturing zinc-rich catfish comprises the following steps:
(1) parent fish culture: selecting individual and well-proportioned catfish parent fishes to respectively breed in a male and female fish pond 40-50 days before artificial propagation, and respectively feeding female fish feed and male fish feed;
(2) artificial insemination: when in artificial insemination, after taking out egg cells, adding semen, stirring the mixture gently and uniformly, after 20 to 25 minutes, adding zinc sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 0.07 percent, wherein the adding amount is 1/3 of the volume of the semen, and uniformly mixing the solution to obtain fertilized eggs;
(3) fry management: transferring the fry from the hatching pool to a fry rearing pool, adding fry feed for 1-6 days, wherein the adding amount is 9.7% of the weight of the fry, the adding amount is 7-18 days, the adding amount is 9.3% of the weight of the fry, the adding amount is 19-30 days, the adding amount is 8.8% of the weight of the fry, and the feeding is carried out at fixed time and fixed time for 4 times every day;
(4) adult fish management: and (3) transferring the fry into an adult fish culture pond in 31 days, wherein the mass fraction of zinc sulfate in the pond water is 0.02%, feeding adult fish feed for 3 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 8.8% of the weight of the adult fish, and keeping the water body clear.
The female fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 65, wheat bran 33, soybean cake 28, chicken liver 22, chicken intestine 18, feather powder 15, zinc-rich yeast 6 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 6, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cake, the chicken liver and the chicken intestine, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding the lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting for 5 hours at 37 ℃, adding the feather powder and the zinc-rich yeast, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for the female fish.
The male fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 73, wheat bran 33, peanut cakes 28, pork liver 25, fish and shrimp leftovers 16, feather meal 15, zinc sulfate 0.6 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 6, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cakes, the pork liver and the fish and shrimp leftovers until the particle size is 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 69%, uniformly mixing, adding the lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 37 ℃ for 6 hours, adding the feather meal and the zinc sulfate, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the male fish feed.
The fry feed in the step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 62, wheat bran 43, peanut cake 28, chicken liver 22, shrimp meal 15, egg yolk 8, animal multi-vitamin 0.3, animal multi-mineral 0.13 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 6, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cake, the chicken liver and the shrimp meal, adding water until the water content is 66-68%, uniformly mixing, adding the lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting for 4 hours at 37 ℃, adding the egg yolk, the animal multi-vitamin and the animal multi-mineral, uniformly stirring and granulating to obtain the fry feed.
The adult fish feed in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 75, wheat bran 32, soybean cake 28, pork liver 23, edible fungus dreg 18, slaughter leftover 13, zinc sulfate 0.6 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 7, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cake, the pork liver, the edible fungus dreg and the slaughter leftover, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting for 7 hours at 37 ℃, adding zinc sulfate, uniformly stirring and granulating to obtain the adult fish feed.
Example 3
A method for culturing zinc-rich catfish comprises the following steps:
(1) parent fish culture: selecting individual and well-proportioned catfish parent fishes to respectively breed in a male and female fish pond 40-50 days before artificial propagation, and respectively feeding female fish feed and male fish feed;
(2) artificial insemination: when in artificial insemination, after taking out egg cells, adding semen, stirring the mixture gently and uniformly, after 20 to 25 minutes, adding zinc sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 0.08 percent, wherein the adding amount is 1/3 of the volume of the semen, and uniformly mixing the solution to obtain fertilized eggs;
(3) fry management: transferring the fry from the hatching pool to a fry rearing pool, adding fry feed for 1-6 days, wherein the adding amount is 9.8 percent of the weight of the fry, the adding amount is 7-18 days, the adding amount is 9.4 percent of the weight of the fry, the adding amount is 19-30 days, the adding amount is 8.9 percent of the weight of the fry, and the adding amount is fixed at fixed points and timed for 5 times every day;
(4) adult fish management: and (3) transferring the fry into an adult fish culture pond in 31 days, wherein the mass fraction of zinc sulfate in the pond water is 0.03%, feeding adult fish feed for 4 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 8.9% of the weight of the adult fish, and keeping the water body clear.
The female fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 66, wheat bran 34, soybean cake 29, chicken liver 23, chicken intestine 19, feather powder 16, zinc-rich yeast 7 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 7, wherein the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cake, the chicken liver and the chicken intestine are mixed and crushed to have the particle size of 0.2-1.4 cm, water is added until the water content is 70%, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the lactobacillus delbrueckii is added, the mixture is fermented for 6 hours at 38 ℃, the feather powder and the zinc-rich yeast are added, the mixture is uniformly stirred and granulated, and the female fish feed is obtained.
The male fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 74, wheat bran 34, peanut cakes 29, pork liver 26, fish and shrimp leftovers 17, feather meal 16, zinc sulfate 0.7 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 7, wherein the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cakes, the pork liver and the fish and shrimp leftovers are mixed and crushed to obtain particles with the particle size of 0.2-1.4 cm, water is added until the water content is 68-70%, the particles are uniformly mixed, the lactobacillus delbrueckii is added, the fermentation is carried out for 7 hours at 38 ℃, the feather meal and the zinc sulfate are added, the mixture is uniformly mixed and granulated, and the male fish feed is obtained.
The fry feed in the step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 63, wheat bran 44, peanut cake 29, chicken liver 23, shrimp meal 16, egg yolk 9, animal multi-vitamin 0.4, animal multi-mineral 0.14 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 7, wherein the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cake, the chicken liver and the shrimp meal are mixed and crushed to obtain particles with the particle size of 1-3 mm, water is added until the water content is 66-68%, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the lactobacillus delbrueckii is added, the fermentation is carried out for 5 hours at 38 ℃, the egg yolk, the animal multi-vitamin and the animal multi-mineral are added, the stirring is uniform, and the granulation is carried out to obtain the fry feed.
The adult fish feed in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn flour 76, wheat bran 33, soybean cake 29, pork liver 24, edible fungus dreg 19, slaughter leftovers 14, zinc sulfate 0.7 and lactobacillus delbrueckii 8, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cake, the pork liver, the edible fungus dreg and the slaughter leftovers until the particle size is 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting for 8 hours at 38 ℃, adding zinc sulfate, uniformly stirring and granulating to obtain the adult fish feed.
Comparative example 1
Step (1) catfish fed the same diet, and the rest of the procedure is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that no zinc sulfate solution was added in step (2).
Comparative example 3
The daily input amount of the fry feed in the step (3) is 8.9 percent of the weight of the fry, and the rest method is the same as the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that zinc sulfate was not added to the pond water in the step (4).
Comparative example 5
All the feeds in step (4) were not fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
The prior traditional culture method of common catfish.
The embodiment and the comparative example have the following culture effects:
in the same region, 2700 catfish parent fishes of the same batch, the size is equivalent, and the catfish parent fishes have vitality are randomly selected and are randomly divided into 9 groups, each group has 300 catfish, the ratio of male to female is 1:2, the catfish of the group is cultured by the methods of the embodiment and the comparative example respectively, other management methods are the same, and the culture effects of the catfish culture methods of the embodiment and the comparative example are shown in the table 1.
Table 1: EXAMPLES AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES culture Effect of catfish culture method
| Item | Fertilization Rate/(%) | Hatchability/(%) | Survival rate/(%) | Organic zinc/(mg/100 g) |
| Example 1 | 93 | 91 | 72 | 8.14 |
| Example 2 | 91 | 89 | 69 | 8.03 |
| Example 3 | 92 | 90 | 71 | 8.11 |
| Comparative example 1 | 88 | 87 | 64 | 6.32 |
| Comparative example 2 | 87 | 84 | 62 | 6.17 |
| Comparative example 3 | 89 | 86 | 63 | 6.43 |
| Comparative example 4 | 86 | 89 | 65 | 6.51 |
| Comparative example 5 | 88 | 87 | 62 | 6.35 |
| Comparative example 6 | 90 | 86 | 57 | 0.64 |
The results in table 1 show that the fertilization rate, hatchability, survival rate and organic zinc content of the zinc-rich catfish culture method are obviously higher than those of the comparative example, and the zinc-rich catfish culture method provided by the invention has a good culture effect.
Claims (1)
1. The method for culturing the zinc-rich catfish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) parent fish culture: selecting individual and well-proportioned catfish parent fishes to respectively breed in a male and female fish pond 40-50 days before artificial propagation, and respectively feeding female fish feed and male fish feed;
(2) artificial insemination: when in artificial insemination, after taking out egg cells, adding semen, gently stirring uniformly, after 20-25 minutes, adding zinc sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 0.06-0.08%, wherein the adding amount is 1/3 of the volume of the semen, and uniformly mixing to obtain fertilized eggs;
(3) fry management: transferring the fry from the hatching pond to a fry breeding pond, and adding fry feed for 1-6 days, wherein the adding amount is 9.6-9.8% of the weight of the fry and 7-18 days, the adding amount is 9.2-9.4% of the weight of the fry and 19-30 days, the adding amount is 8.7-8.9% of the weight of the fry each day, and the fry is added at fixed points for 4-5 times each day;
(4) adult fish management: transferring the fry into an adult fish culture pond when 31 days are elapsed, wherein the mass fraction of zinc sulfate in the pond water is 0.02-0.03%, feeding adult fish feed for 3-4 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 8.7-8.9% of the weight of adult fish, and keeping the water body clear;
the female fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 64-66 parts of corn flour, 32-34 parts of wheat bran, 27-29 parts of soybean cakes, 21-23 parts of chicken livers, 17-19 parts of chicken intestines, 14-16 parts of feather meal, 5-7 parts of zinc-rich yeast and 5-7 parts of lactobacillus delbrueckii, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cakes, the chicken livers and the chicken intestines to obtain a mixture with a particle size of 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding the lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 36-38 ℃ for 5-6 hours, adding the feather meal and the zinc-rich yeast, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for female fish;
the male fish feed in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 72-74 parts of corn flour, 32-34 parts of wheat bran, 27-29 parts of peanut cake, 24-26 parts of pork liver, 15-17 parts of fish and shrimp leftovers, 14-16 parts of feather meal, 0.5-0.7 part of zinc sulfate and 5-7 parts of lactobacillus delbrueckii, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cake, the pork liver and the fish and shrimp leftovers until the particle size is 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding the lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 36-38 ℃ for 6-7 hours, adding the feather meal and the zinc sulfate, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a male fish feed;
the fry feed in the step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 61-63 parts of corn flour, 42-44 parts of wheat bran, 27-29 parts of peanut cake, 21-23 parts of chicken liver, 14-16 parts of shrimp meal, 7-9 parts of egg yolk, 0.3-0.4 part of animal multivitamin, 0.12-0.14 part of animal polymineral and 5-7 parts of lactobacillus delbrueckii, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the peanut cake, the chicken liver and the shrimp meal to obtain a mixture with a particle size of 1-3 mm, adding water until the water content is 66-68%, uniformly mixing, adding lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 36-38 ℃ for 4-5 hours, adding the egg yolk, the animal multivitamin and the animal polymineral, uniformly stirring and granulating to obtain a fry feed;
the adult fish feed in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 74-76 parts of corn flour, 31-33 parts of wheat bran, 27-29 parts of soybean cake, 22-24 parts of pork liver, 17-19 parts of edible fungus dreg, 12-14 parts of slaughter leftovers, 0.5-0.7 part of zinc sulfate and 6-8 parts of lactobacillus delbrueckii, mixing and crushing the corn flour, the wheat bran, the soybean cake, the pork liver, the edible fungus dreg and the slaughter leftovers until the particle size is 0.2-1.4 cm, adding water until the water content is 68-70%, uniformly mixing, adding lactobacillus delbrueckii, fermenting at 36-38 ℃ for 7-8 hours, adding zinc sulfate, uniformly stirring and granulating to obtain the adult fish feed.
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