CN101049130A - Feedstuff for breeding grass carp and preparation method - Google Patents

Feedstuff for breeding grass carp and preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101049130A
CN101049130A CNA200710052236XA CN200710052236A CN101049130A CN 101049130 A CN101049130 A CN 101049130A CN A200710052236X A CNA200710052236X A CN A200710052236XA CN 200710052236 A CN200710052236 A CN 200710052236A CN 101049130 A CN101049130 A CN 101049130A
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dregs
vitamin
grass carp
rice
fish
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CN100569100C (en
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刘天骥
李洪琴
万新生
陈正玲
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NANFANG XIWANG IND CO Ltd SICHUAN
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NANFANG XIWANG IND CO Ltd SICHUAN
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

A feed for culturing the fry of grass carp to improve the ability to resist against stress and disease is prepared from fish powder, bean dregs, cotton seed dregs, rape seed dregs, DDGS, starch, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, fish fat, rapeseed oil, VC, choline chloride, vitamins, minerals and bacillus through respective puffing and superfine pulverizing, proportional mixing, high-temp treating, granulating, cooling and quantitative packing.

Description

Feedstuff for breeding grass carp and preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the freshwater fish breeding feed, more specifically relate to a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp, also relate to the preparation method of this feed simultaneously, this feed is particularly useful for the raising of the survival rate of grass carp kind breed.
Technical background
Grass carp is liked by the consumer deeply as one of " four large Chinese carps ", extensively culture in the whole nation, accounts for more than 20% of aquaculture total amount, accounts for more than 70% in Sichuan.Owing to be subjected to all multifactor influences, the survival rate of grass carp is very low always, grass carp kind particularly, survival rate generally has only 40%-60%, cause serious threat therefore for the grass carp aquaculture, become the bottleneck that grass carp is cultured, therefore how to strengthen grass carp physique, the resistance against diseases that improves grass carp is a urgent problem.For improving the economic benefit that grass carp is cultured, theoretical circles and actual production person have carried out a large amount of research and exploration.In the face of the baptism and the challenge of present aquatic feeds industry competition excitation, new Hope Group also drops into a large amount of human and material resources, works as one man and sets about the research of this respect, in the hope of the new breakthrough mouth is arranged.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp, prescription is reasonable, and easy to use, comprehensive nutrition has improved the survival rate of grass carp.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of feedstuff for breeding grass carp, and method is easy, and is easy to operate.
In order to reach above purpose, the present invention takes following technical measures:
This product has used high-quality imported fish meal 5-15%, high protein bean pulp 15-30%, high protein cotton dregs 10-25%, 200 type dish dregs of rice 10-25%, DDGS (corn distiller's dried grain) 5-15%, inferior powder 15-30%, bentonite 2-8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5-3.0%, fish oil 0.5-1.5%, rape oil 1-2.0%, high steady western VC0.04-0.08%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.5%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.08-0.12%, mineral element additive 0.5-1.0%, allicin 0.01-0.03%, bacillus 0.1-0.4%.Reduced the toxic action of venomous injurant confrontation grass carp kind, made the grass carp of feeding have good physique.
A kind of step for preparing feedstuff for breeding grass carp is as follows:
A, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice are carried out expanded, temperature is controlled at 115-125 ℃;
B, pulverizing are carried out ultramicro grinding with fish meal, dregs of beans, expanded cotton dregs, the expanded dish dregs of rice, DDGS, inferior powder, and grinding particle size is 80% by 60 mesh sieves; Wherein the expanded cotton dregs in the B step, the expanded dish dregs of rice are the expanded product of A step.
C, with fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice, DDGS (corn distiller's dried grain), inferior powder is matched with component by weight, charging sequence is: inferior powder, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, fish meal, bentonite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the phosphatization vitamin C, Choline Chloride, compound vitamin additive 1500-1# (belongs to and newly wishes internal product, contain vitamin A, cholecalciferol, vitamin E, prokeyvit, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, cobalamin, biotin (H), inositol, folic acid, the D-calcium pantothenate), complex mineral element additive 872# (belongs to and newly wishes internal product, sulfur acid copper, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite), allicin, bacillus, fish oil, rape oil, cotton dregs, DDGS.
D, mixing mix the raw material that crushes in raw material in the C step and the B step, and mixture homogeneity is CV%≤10%;
E, the material that mixes in the D step is modulated, temperature is controlled at 90-95 ℃, modulating time 55-65 second;
F, granulation (routine techniques);
G, cooling, the cooling of pellet composition, temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃;
H, metering packing
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
1) adopting quality raw materials, fully is to guarantee product quality.
This product has used high-quality imported fish meal, high protein bean pulp, high protein cotton dregs, the 200 type dish dregs of rice etc., has reduced the toxic action of venomous injurant confrontation grass carp kind, makes the grass carp of feeding have good physique.
2) add grease (fish oil 0.5-1.5%, rape oil 1-2.5%) in the ratio of vegetable oil (rape oil)/fish oil=2/1, guarantee the demand of the essential fat of grass carp.
3) (the bacillus addition is 0.1-0.4% to probiotics.) application regulate the intestinal microecology balance, strengthen the immunocompetence of grass carp kind.
Probiotics has following effect: 1. suppress harmful microorganism, with harmful organism competition for nutrients and attachment area; 2. pass through to improve and reduce enzymatic activity, improve the beneficial microbe metabolism, produce organic acid, reduce the pH value, suppress some pathogenic bacteria, reduce the generation of interior ammonia of intestines and amine simultaneously; 3. stimulating immune system improves not phagocyte activity and antibody horizontal, improves immunocompetence.By the interpolation of probiotics, effectively improved the intestinal microecology balance, strengthened resistance against diseases.
4) add vitamin C and Choline Chloride (high steady western VC0.04-0.08%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.5%), strengthen the resistance against diseases and the anti-stress ability of grass carp kind.
In recent years, along with improving constantly of aquaculture intensification degree, be faced with the influence of more and more stress factor, improper or the like as the invasion and attack of malnutritive, cold and hot, scaring, transportation, harmful substance and feeding and management, stress directly influence growing of animal.Owing to the deterioration of breeding environment, fish disease is serious day by day simultaneously, and VC, VE and choline also can increase anti-stress ability and resistance against diseases except the normal physiological function that satisfies the grass carp fingerling, effectively improve survival rate.
5) raw material is carried out expanded, improve the digestibility of feed.
Carry out expanded to raw materials such as cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice, effective kill pathogenic bacteria, destroy ANFs, and gelatinization starch, make that the grass carp fingerling is easier to be digested and assimilated, thereby improve the utilization rate of feed, reduce feed waste, reduce water pollution, so also avoided feed is carried out all expanded, reduced loss, avoided expanded harmful effect high-quality protein source such as fish meal to sensitive stocks such as vitamins.This technical merit maintains the leading position in the industry.
6) take ultramicro grinding technology, increase the digestibility of feed
Because the aquatic livestock food ration is little, alimentary canal is short, digestion power is poor, usually require aquatic feeds to pulverize to such an extent that the livestock and poultry material is thinner relatively, the unsound fingerling of digestive function is even more important, because particle is thin more, its surface area is big more, then contact area is just big more with it for the digestive juice of aquatic livestock, thereby has improved the digestibility of feed, increases its nutrition remuneration.Therefore, pulverizing occupies extremely important status in whole production technology.This products material is through ultramicro grinding, and 80% by 60 orders, have significantly improved the bait utilization of grass carp fingerling, reduce feed waste, reduce water pollution, improve the speed of growth and survival rate.
7) strict control breeding water body water quality guarantees that product quality is embodied.
By the regulating and controlling water quality technology of science, guarantee that dissolved oxygen requires greater than 5mg/l, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.02mg/l, nitrite less than 0.1mg/l.
Since product of the present invention be by the nutritionist of group through meticulously configuration, comprehensive nutrition, and part material carried out expandedly, strengthened the digestibility of feed, reduced feed waste, reduces environmental pollution, helps the raising of ecological benefits.Simultaneously,, strengthen fingerling physique, reduce fish disease and take place by the use of probiotics etc., reduced antibiotic etc abuse, not only environmental protection but also economy are the nuisance free feeds of highly effective and safe.By a series of evidences: culture the grass carp kind more than 2 gram/tail to the 50 gram/tails, 50 ages in days of feeding, grass carp kind survival rate is by traditional bringing up to more than 90% less than 70%.In the feed coefficient 1.3.Effectively control improves grass carp kind survival rate, increases culture benefit.
The specific embodiment
1, the proportioning of feedstuff for breeding grass carp is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 feedstuff for breeding grass carp formula table (unit: percentage)
Raw material Test recipe
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Fish meal 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15
Dregs of beans 22 25 24 18 17 16 15 15 15 15
Cotton dregs 10 12 15 15 13 14 10 20 17 10
The dish dregs of rice 20 16.6 15 20 21 20 24 10 10 18
DDGS 6 8 7 8 9 10 10 9 9 5
Inferior powder 28.35 23.9 20.1 19.6 20 20.8 20.55 21.7 23.3 29.75
Bentonite 4 3 5 4 4 3 3.7 6 6 2
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2 2.1 2.7 3 3 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.5
Fish oil 0.5 0.75 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.85 0.5
Rape oil 1 1.5 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 1.7 1
Mineral element additive 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 1 1 0.6
Vitamin(e) supplement 0.1 0.12 0.12 0.1 0.11 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
High steady western VC 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.07
Choline Chloride 0.25 0.32 0.4 0.5 0.45 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3
Allicin 0.025 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.03
Bacillus 0.125 0.15 0.1 0.2 0.24 0.21 0.25 0.2 0.3 0.15
Gross weight 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2, a kind of preparation method of feedstuff for breeding grass carp the steps include:
A, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice are carried out expanded, temperature is controlled at 115-125 ℃;
B, pulverizing are carried out ultramicro grinding with fish meal, dregs of beans, expanded cotton dregs, the expanded dish dregs of rice, DDGS, inferior powder, and grinding particle size is 80% by 60 mesh sieves; Wherein the expanded cotton dregs in the B step, the expanded dish dregs of rice are the expanded product of A step.
C, with fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice, DDGS (corn distiller's dried grain), inferior powder is matched with component by weight, charging sequence is: inferior powder, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, fish meal, bentonite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the phosphatization vitamin C, Choline Chloride, compound vitamin additive 1500-1# (belongs to and newly wishes internal product, contain vitamin A, cholecalciferol, vitamin E, prokeyvit, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, cobalamin, biotin (H), inositol, folic acid, the D-calcium pantothenate), complex mineral element additive 872# (belongs to and newly wishes internal product, sulfur acid copper, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite), allicin, bacillus, fish oil, rape oil, cotton dregs, DDGS.
D, mixing mix the raw material that crushes in raw material in the C step and the B step, and mixture homogeneity is CV%≤10%;
E, the material that mixes in the D step is modulated, temperature is controlled at 90-95 ℃, modulating time 55-65 second;
F, granulation (routine techniques);
G, cooling, the cooling of pellet composition, temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃;
H, metering packing
3, to the requirement of breeding water body:
As the saying goes: " breed fish and support water earlier ", therefore the quality of breeding water body is extremely important to fish, therefore require strict control water quality in the breeding process of grass carp fingerling, require during the whole breed dissolved oxygen requirement greater than 5mg/l, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.02mg/l, nitrite less than 0.1mg/l
4, the nutritive index of the male board high-survival rate of state breeding grass carp material new product
The process of feed is strict carries out (company standard, numbering Q/QS by " the operability file is wished in south ".SH-2006), after state's male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material production comes out, be the feed yellowish-brown of nature, particle diameter is even, and glossiness is good, and mouthfeel is good.Our sampling is sent the company laboratory to carry out comprehensive physical and chemical index and is detected, and send Sichuan Province inspection center of feed master station to detect simultaneously, its result all adhere to specification (seeing Table 2):
Table 2 state male board high-survival rate feedstuff for breeding grass carp nutritive index
The feed title The scope of application Digestible energy, MCal/kg The thick lipid of crude protein, % fat, % Crude fibre, % Coarse ash, % Available phosphorus, % Lysine, % Moisture, %
State's male board high-survival rate feedstuff for breeding grass carp The grass carp kind that 100g is following ≥2.95 ≥30≥5 ≤8 ≤13 ≥0.8 ≥1.5 ≤13
Annotate: every nutritional labeling is all based on 87% dry.
5, animal experiment:
The animal experiment stage comprises lab scale and pilot scale.The lab scale test is carried out in new Hope Group research and development base, from April, 05, has successively carried out 9 tests, comprises test grass carp kind 3520 tails; Pilot plant test is also newly being wished what carried out in the aquatic products base, comprises test grass carp kind 24000 tails, and the lab scale achievement has been carried out further checking and demonstration popularization.The proving ground, the test fishing ground water condition that carry out lab scale and pilot scale are good, and test responsible person and enforcement personnel all are the professional and technical personnel with rich experiences, the experimental design scientific and precise, and result of the test is true and reliable.
Lab scale and pilot plant test result show (seeing annex 6, annex 7, annex 8 for details), state's male board high-survival rate feedstuff for breeding grass carp is raised the grass carp kind, can strengthen grass carp disease resistivity and anti-stress ability, improve the survival rate of grass carp kind, the grass carp survival rate is from traditional bringing up to more than 90% less than 70%.
Embodiment 1
Described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 5%, dregs of beans 22%, cotton dregs 10%, the dish dregs of rice 20%, DDGS6%, inferior powder 28.35%, bentonite 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, fish oil 0.5%, rape oil 1%, mineral element additive 0.6%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.25%, allicin 0.025%, bacillus 0.125%
The preparation process of state of the present invention male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material is as follows:
A, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice are carried out expanded, temperature is controlled at 115 or 117 or 119 or 121 or 123 or 125 ℃;
B, pulverizing with fish meal, dregs of beans, expanded cotton dregs, the expanded dish dregs of rice, DDGS, inferior powder, are carried out ultramicro grinding, and grinding particle size is 80% by 60 mesh sieves; Wherein the expanded cotton dregs in the B step, the expanded dish dregs of rice are the expanded product of A step.
C, with fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice, DDGS (corn distiller's dried grain), inferior powder is matched with component by weight, charging sequence is: inferior powder, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, fish meal, bentonite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the phosphatization vitamin C, Choline Chloride, compound vitamin additive 1500-1# (belongs to and newly wishes internal product, contain vitamin A, cholecalciferol, vitamin E, prokeyvit, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, cobalamin, biotin (H), inositol, folic acid, the D-calcium pantothenate), complex mineral element additive 872# (belongs to and newly wishes internal product, sulfur acid copper, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite), allicin, bacillus, fish oil, rape oil, cotton dregs, DDGS.
D, mixing mix the raw material that crushes in raw material in the C step and the B step, and mixture homogeneity is CV%≤10%;
E, the material that mixes in the D step is modulated, temperature is controlled at 90 or 91 or 92 or 93 or 94 or 95 ℃, modulating time 55-65 second;
F, granulation (routine techniques);
G, cooling, the cooling of pellet composition, temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃;
H, metering packing
Embodiment 2: described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 6%, dregs of beans 25%, cotton dregs 12%, the dish dregs of rice 16.6%, DDGS8%, inferior powder 23.9%, bentonite 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.1%, fish oil 0.75%, rape oil 1.5%, mineral element additive 0.5%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.12%, high steady western VC0.04%, Choline Chloride 0.32%, allicin 0.02%, bacillus 0.15%
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 7%, dregs of beans 24%, cotton dregs 15%, the dish dregs of rice 15%, DDGS7%, inferior powder 20.1%, bentonite 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.7%, fish oil 1%, rape oil 2%, mineral element additive 0.5%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.12%, high steady western VC0.06%, Choline Chloride 0.4%, allicin 0.02%, bacillus 0.1%
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 8%, dregs of beans 18%, cotton dregs 15%, the dish dregs of rice 20%, DDGS8%, inferior powder 19.6%, bentonite 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3%, fish oil 0.9%, rape oil 1.8%, mineral element additive 0.8%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.07%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, allicin 0.03%, bacillus 0.2%
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5: described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 9%, dregs of beans 17%, cotton dregs 13%, the dish dregs of rice 21%, DDGS9%, inferior powder 20%, bentonite 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3%, fish oil 0.8%, rape oil 1.6%, mineral element additive 0.7%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.11%, high steady western VC0.07%, Choline Chloride 0.45%, allicin 0.03%, bacillus 0.24%.
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6: described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 10%, dregs of beans 16%, cotton dregs 14%, the dish dregs of rice 20%, DDGS10%, inferior powder 20.8%, bentonite 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8%, fish oil 0.7%, rape oil 1.4%, mineral element additive 0.7%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.08%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, allicin 0.01%, bacillus 0.21%.
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7: described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 11%, dregs of beans 15%, cotton dregs 10%, the dish dregs of rice 24%, DDGS10%, inferior powder 20.55%, bentonite 3.7%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.6%, fish oil 0.6%, rape oil 1.2%, mineral element additive 0.7%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.08%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, allicin 0.02%, bacillus 0.25%.
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8: described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 12%, dregs of beans 15%, cotton dregs 20%, the dish dregs of rice 10%, DDGS9%, inferior powder 21.7%, bentonite 6%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.9%, fish oil 0.5%, rape oil 1.0%, mineral element additive 1%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.07%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, allicin 0.03%, bacillus 0.2%.
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 9: described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 13%, dregs of beans 15%, cotton dregs 17%, the dish dregs of rice 10%, DDGS9%, inferior powder 23.3%, bentonite 6%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3%, fish oil 0.85%, rape oil 1.7%, mineral element additive 1%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.04%, Choline Chloride 0.4%, allicin 0.01%, bacillus 0.3%.
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 10: described prescription is prepared by following raw material weight percentage:
Fish meal 15%, dregs of beans 15%, cotton dregs 10%, the dish dregs of rice 18%, DDGS5%, inferior powder 29.75%, bentonite 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5%, fish oil 0.5%, rape oil 1.0%, mineral element additive 0.6%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.07%, Choline Chloride 0.3%, allicin 0.03%, bacillus 0.15%.
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
Test case:
3.6 mu of the test pond waters surface, depth of water 1-1.5 rice, play July 4 from May 15th, 2006, cultivate the breeding grass carp that initial body weight is 2g with state's male board high-survival rate feedstuff for breeding grass carp, whole end counterpoise is 50g, and rate of body weight gain is 2400%, feed coefficient 1.16, survival rate 91% obtains good economic benefit.Attached: high-survival rate grass carp fingerling material is to the test report of grass carp growth performance and resistance against diseases influence
1, test objective
The breeding grass carp material of the male board high-survival rate of exploitation state.
2, materials and methods
2.1 experimental design
Handle A: control group (wishing 122 breeding grass carp material)
Treatments B: logical prestige 122 breeding grass carp material
Handle C: state's male board high-survival rate feedstuff for breeding grass carp, test recipe is asked for an interview following table 3:
Table 1 breeding grass carp material test recipe
Material name Main nutritive index Price unit/kg A consumption (kg) C consumption (kg) Main nutritive index
Fish meal 64 6.80 50 50 The fish digestible energy kcal/kg 2.95 2.92
Dregs of beans 43 2.30 240 0 Thick protein ％ 30.06 30.48
Dregs of beans 46 2.40 220 Crude fat ％ 4.63 5.08
The dish dregs of rice 36 1.30 200 0 Coarse ash ％ 9.74 11.43
The expanded dish dregs of rice 38 1.40 200 Crude fibre ％ 6.06 5.73
Cotton dregs 40 1.55 100 0 Calcium ％ 0.74 0.78
Expanded cotton dregs 42 1.65 100 Total phosphorus ％ 1.17 1.21
DDGS 28 1.25 50 60 Available phosphorus ％ 0.76 0.80
Inferior powder 13 1.55 260 283 Lysine ％ 1.52 1.52
Wheat bran 14 1.30 40 0 Can digest Lys ％ 1.24 1.23
Bentonite 0 0.17 20 40 Methionine ％ 0.56 0.56
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0 2.60 17 20 Can digest Met ％ 0.47 0.47
Fish oil 0 6.00 10 5 Cystine ％ 0.57 0.56
Rape oil 5.50 10 Egg+Guang ％ 1.08 1.10
General headquarters' additive 4.1 6 6
General headquarters' vitamin 110 1 1
High steady western Vc 60 0.3 0.5
Adhesive 6.63 2
Salt 0.823 2
Choline Chloride 4.01 2.0 3
Allicin 20 0.2
Bacillus 18 1.25
Amount to 1000.8 999.45
Formulation cost (unit/ton) 2,109.61 2,176.54
2.2 experimental animal
Selecting body weight is grass carp 360 tails of 10.71 ± 0.25g, is divided at random handling A, B, three repetitions of C.Each repeats 30 tails, and initial body weight group difference is remarkable (P＞0.05) not.
2.3 feeding and management
Test is carried out along the fishing ground, river in technology department of new Hope Group, all adopts the cage rearing of 1m * 1m * 1.5m, feed intake every day 4 times, promptly the mornings 7 point, 11 points, afternoons 3, point was respectively thrown 1 time for 7.Inventory increases by 10% week about.Configuration oxygenation facility in the net cage pond, and time opening are to guarantee oxygen abundance in the fishpond.Weekly with thermometer and fast water quality analyzer measure water quality water temperature, middle dissolved oxygen amount, content of nitrite, and perform record, require in the whole breeding process breeding water body dissolved oxygen greater than 5mg/l, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.02mg/l, nitrite less than 0.1mg/l.
2.3 testing index
Weightening finish (g/ tail)=W-W 0
Rate of body weight gain (WGR) (%)=100 * (W-W 0)/W 0
Moment growth rate (SGR)=(lnW_lnW 0) * 100/t;
Feed coefficient (FCR)=F/ (W-W 0);
The initial mantissa of the dead fish number of the death rate=100 * duration of test/test fish;
Anti-stress ability: represent with hypoxia-resistant capacity
Attack poison back survival rate: attack poison with Aeromonas hydrophila, calculate the survival rate after 7 days
Wherein, t: test fate;
W: the average weight of each treatment of fish (g) during off-test;
W 0: the average weight of each treatment of fish (g) during on-test;
F: the tail in the whole test phase is on average taken the photograph bait amount (g/ tail).
2.4 test period: amounted to 58 days from June 15th, 2005 to August 10.
3. data are handled
With SPSS11.0 test data is carried out variance analysis and multiple ratio.
4. result and analysis
4.1 the long speed of test sashimi (raw fish)
The results are shown in Table 1.
As seen from Table 1, initial body weight is respectively handled group difference all not significantly (P＞0.05), shows that test divides combination to accord with the requirement of scientific experimentation fully.
By 58 days feeding experiment, the whole opisthosoma of handling C is heavy, rate of body weight gain and moment growth rate all be significantly higher than and handle A and treatments B (P＜0.05), and handle A and treatments B difference not significantly (P＞0.05).This result shows: state's male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material has significantly improved the speed of growth of grass carp fingerling.
The initial body weight of table 1, whole opisthosoma weight, weightening finish, rate of body weight gain and moment growth rate
Handle number Initial body weight (g/ tail) Whole opisthosoma heavy (g/ tail) Weightening finish (g/ tail) Rate of body weight gain (%) Moment growth rate
Handle A 10.80±.18 a 80.12±4.20 b 69.32±4.31 b 642.31±46.95 b 3.58±.12 b
Treatments B 10.75±.24 a 83.93±6.67 b 73.18±6.66 b 680.96±62.99 b 3.67±.15 b
Handle C 10.50±0.41 a 93.04±2.22 a 82.54±2.11 a 786.93±34.88 a 3.90±0.07 a
Notes: mark the whole differences of capitalization between the interior processed group of same row and represent to reach 0.01 the remarkable standard of putting down, the whole differences of lowercase represent to reach 0.05 the remarkable standard of putting down, later on all together.
4.2 feed coefficient
The results are shown in Table 2
Table 2 feed coefficient
Project Feed coefficient
Handle A 1.40±0.07 a
Treatments B 1.42±0.25 a
Handle C 1.19±0.03b c
As known from Table 2: the feed coefficient of handling C extremely significantly is lower than handles A and treatments B (P＜0.05), and handles A and treatments B differences not significantly (P＞0.05).This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, state's male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material has significantly improved the bait utilization of test grass carp fingerling.
4.3 the death rate
The results are shown in Table 3
Table 3 death rate
Project Death toll The death rate
Handle A 2.50±0.58 a 8.33±1.92 a
Treatments B 2.25±1.26 a 7.50±4.19 a
Handle C 0.25±0.50 b 0.83±1.66 b
As can be seen from Table 3, the death rate of handling C significantly is lower than handles A and treatments B (P＜0.05), and handles A and treatments B difference not significantly (P＞0.05).This result of the test shows: under this experimental condition, state's male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material has significantly improved the survival rate of grass carp fingerling.
4.4 anti-stress ability
The results are shown in Table 4.
The ability of table 4 test grass carp lower oxygen concentration resistance
Project Begin dead fish time (hour) Whole death times of 20 tail fishes (hour) MDT (hour)
Handle A 2.55 5.00 4.25
Treatments B 2.50 5.10 4.15
Handle C 2.90 6.05 5.09
As can be seen from Table 4, compare with treatments B with handling A, the hypoxia-resistant capacity of handling C obviously strengthens, and the MDT of 20 tails test fish prolongs 50 minutes respectively and 56 minutes than handling A and treatments B.This result shows: state's male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material has significantly improved the anti-stress ability (representing with hypoxia-resistant capacity) of grass carp fingerling.
4.5 attack poison back survival rate
The results are shown in Table 5
Table 5 test grass carp is attacked the survival rate behind the poison
Project Attack malicious fish tail number That attacks a back week of poison survives the fish tail number Aeromonas hydrophila is attacked the survival rate (%) behind the poison
Handle A 20 5 25
Treatments B 20 6 30
Handle C 20 13 65
As known from Table 5: compare with treatments B with handling A, the survival rate of attacking behind the poison of handling the C group obviously improves, and this result shows, feeds with state's male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material and puies forward the obvious ability that improves the grass carp resist the disease behind the grass carp.
4.5 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
The results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Project Feed price (formulation cost) (unit/kg) Feed coefficient Net gain feed cost (unit/kg fish)
Handle A 2.11 1.40 2.95
Treatments B 1.42
Handle C 2.18 1.19 2.59
As known from Table 6: compare with handling A, the net gain feed cost of handling C has reduced by 0.36 yuan/kg, has obviously improved economic benefit, so state's male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material is worthy to be popularized.Simultaneously, it can also be seen that, feed with state's male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material and put forward the ability of obvious raising grass carp resist the disease behind the grass carp, when having the explosive disease of fish to attack, can reduce the generation of fish disease, thereby increase economic benefit from table 5.
5, conclusion
By this experimental study, reach a conclusion: under this experimental condition, compare with domestic and international common breeding grass carp material, state's male board high-survival rate breeding grass carp material design meets the nutritional need of grass carp growth, the speed of growth, bait utilization, anti-stress ability and the premunition of grass carp fingerling have significantly been improved, thereby increase economic efficiency, therefore strong innovation is worthy to be popularized.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp, it is made by following percentage raw material:
Fish meal 5-15%, high protein bean pulp 15-30%, high protein cotton dregs 10-25%, 200 type dish dregs of rice 10-25%, DDGS 5-15%, inferior powder 15-30%, bentonite 2-8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5-3.0%, fish oil 0.5-1.5%, rape oil 1-2.0%, high steady western VC0.04-0.08%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.5%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.08-0.12%, mineral element additive 0.5-1.0%, allicin 0.01-0.03%, bacillus 0.1-0.4%.
2, a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is made by following percentage raw material:
Fish meal 5%, dregs of beans 22%, cotton dregs 10%, the dish dregs of rice 20%, DDGS6%, inferior powder 28.35%, bentonite 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, fish oil 0.5%, rape oil 1%, mineral element additive 0.6%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.25%, allicin 0.025%, bacillus 0.125%.
3, a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is made by following percentage raw material:
Fish meal 6%, dregs of beans 25%, cotton dregs 12%, the dish dregs of rice 16.6%, DDGS8%, inferior powder 23.9%, bentonite 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.1%, fish oil 0.75%, rape oil 1.5%, mineral element additive 0.5%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.12%, high steady western VC0.04%, Choline Chloride 0.32%, allicin 0.02%, bacillus 0.15%.
4, a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is made by following percentage raw material:
Fish meal 7%, dregs of beans 24%, cotton dregs 15%, the dish dregs of rice 15%, DDGS7%, inferior powder 20.1%, bentonite 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.7%, fish oil 1%, rape oil 2%, mineral element additive 0.5%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.12%, high steady western VC0.06%, Choline Chloride 0.4%, allicin 0.02%, bacillus 0.1%.
5, a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is made by following percentage raw material:
Fish meal 8%, dregs of beans 18%, cotton dregs 15%, the dish dregs of rice 20%, DDGS8%, inferior powder 19.6%, bentonite 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3%, fish oil 0.9%, rape oil 1.8%, mineral element additive 0.8%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.07%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, allicin 0.03%, bacillus 0.2%.
6, a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is made by following percentage raw material:
Fish meal 9%, dregs of beans 17%, cotton dregs 13%, the dish dregs of rice 21%, DDGS9%, inferior powder 20%, bentonite 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3%, fish oil 0.8%, rape oil 1.6%, mineral element additive 0.7%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.11%, high steady western VC0.07%, Choline Chloride 0.45%, allicin 0.03%, bacillus 0.24%.
7, a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is made by following percentage raw material:
Fish meal 10%, dregs of beans 16%, cotton dregs 14%, the dish dregs of rice 20%, DDGS10%, inferior powder 20.8%, bentonite 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8%, fish oil 0.7%, rape oil 1.4%, mineral element additive 0.7%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.08%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, allicin 0.01%, bacillus 0.21%.
8, a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is made by following percentage raw material:
Fish meal 11%, dregs of beans 15%, cotton dregs 10%, the dish dregs of rice 24%, DDGS10%, inferior powder 20.55%, bentonite 3.7%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.6%, fish oil 0.6%, rape oil 1.2%, mineral element additive 0.7%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.08%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, allicin 0.02%, bacillus 0.25%.
9, a kind of feedstuff for breeding grass carp according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is made by following percentage raw material:
Fish meal 12%, dregs of beans 15%, cotton dregs 20%, the dish dregs of rice 10%, DDGS9%, inferior powder 21.7%, bentonite 6%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.9%, fish oil 0.5%, rape oil 1.0%, mineral element additive 1%, vitamin(e) supplement 0.1%, high steady western VC0.07%, Choline Chloride 0.5%, allicin 0.03%, bacillus 0.2%.
10, a kind of method that is used to prepare the described feedstuff for breeding grass carp of claim 1 the steps include:
A, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice are carried out expanded, temperature is controlled at 115-125 ℃;
B, pulverizing are carried out ultramicro grinding with fish meal, dregs of beans, expanded cotton dregs, the expanded dish dregs of rice, DDGS, inferior powder, and grinding particle size is 80% by 60 mesh sieves;
C, charging sequence are: inferior powder, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, fish meal, bentonite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphatization vitamin C, Choline Chloride, compound vitamin additive 1500-1#, complex mineral element additive 872#, allicin, bacillus, fish oil, rape oil, cotton dregs, DDGS.
D, mixing mix the raw material that crushes in raw material in the C step and the B step, and mixture homogeneity is CV%≤10%;
E, the material that mixes in the D step is modulated, temperature is controlled at 90-95 ℃, modulating time 55-65 second;
F, granulation;
G, cooling, the cooling of pellet composition, temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃;
H, metering packing;
Contain vitamin A, cholecalciferol, vitamin E, prokeyvit, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, cobalamin, biotin (H), inositol, folic acid, D-calcium pantothenate among the described compound vitamin additive 1500-1#;
Sulfur acid copper, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, KI, cobalt chloride, sodium selenite among the described complex mineral element additive 872#.
CNB200710052236XA 2007-05-24 2007-05-24 Feedstuff for breeding grass carp and preparation method Expired - Fee Related CN100569100C (en)

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