CN106630155A - Construction method of riparian buffer strips for reducing non-point source pollution of broken farmland landscape - Google Patents
Construction method of riparian buffer strips for reducing non-point source pollution of broken farmland landscape Download PDFInfo
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- CN106630155A CN106630155A CN201610840588.0A CN201610840588A CN106630155A CN 106630155 A CN106630155 A CN 106630155A CN 201610840588 A CN201610840588 A CN 201610840588A CN 106630155 A CN106630155 A CN 106630155A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/70—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in livestock or poultry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of riparian buffer strips for reducing non-point source pollution of broken farmland landscape. The method comprises following steps: (1), a suitable construction area on the riverside is constructed; (2), land is levelled and terrain modification is completed preliminarily for planting of fast-growing pasture vegetation; (3), runoff catchment and distribution systems such as water storage ditches, overflow ditches and the like are constructed; (4), fast-growing pasture seedlings with row spacing being 0.5 m and line spacing being 1 m are uniformly planted in the construction area, average plant height of pasture after growing 3 months can reach about 1 m, and dominant communities are formed; (5), a guide flow path is formed by agricultural waste water and rainfall runoff through the runoff catchment and distribution systems, and the agricultural waste water and the rainfall runoff uniformly and slowly flow into the buffer strips and slowly flow into a river after purified by a soil vegetation system. The riparian buffer strips are constructed through planting of the fast-growing pasture grass hybridized pennisetum americanum and simple distribution and catchment engineering measures, so that concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants of effluent runoff of the buffer strips and water yield are remarkably reduced, and ecological benefits of river water are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of riparian buffer strips construction method of broken Farmland Landscape pollution of area source abatement, belongs to environmental protection
With Agro-ecology recovery technique field.
Background technology
With the growth and expanding economy of population, water pollution is increasingly serious, and widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is to cause river
The one of the main reasons of pollution.Widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is primarily referred to as in agricultural production process, excessive contaminants, such as nutrition in farmland
Element, agricultural chemicals, soil particle and animal waste and house refuse etc., under condition of raining, by rainwash and ground dive
A large amount of polluters that stream etc. is brought enter the water body systems such as neighbouring river, lake and reservoir, cause the severe contamination of water body.
The features such as widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area possesses randomness, uncertainty, popularity, dispersiveness and disguise determines its difficulty of governance phase
When big.In China, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area very severe shows according to related data, China's surface water about half be subject to agriculture face
Source pollution effect.
Riparian vegetation buffer zone can effectively reduce rainwash and underground as water body and the intermediate zone on neighbouring highland
The nutrient concentrations such as undercurrent nitrogen, phosphorus and input quantity, reduce the nutriments such as farmland nitrogen, phosphorus and enter and close on water body.Riverbank vegetation
The structure of buffer strip, retain and go the efficiency of depollution that there is the features such as obvious zonality, regionality and biocompatibility, no
Can not directly transplanting with eco-environment technology approach.Fill with regard to mountain watershed Riparian Zone layout and constructing technology more options before
Grass or tall grass vegetation combination, vegetation is planted and maintenance cost is of a relatively high, and more stresses to realize landscape effect and ecological benefits, phase
Economic benefit to ignoring buffer strip.And China southeast Hills basin Land_use change is very nervous, riverfront Regional field face
Product is narrow but its agriculture condition is relatively preferable, therefore when selecting Riparian Zone to build vegetation, should preferentially from purification efficiency it is high and
The vegetation kind of efficiency of cycling economy can be realized, the doulbe-sides' victory of agricultural production and ecological benefits is realized.The present invention is proposed using plantation
The Riparian Zone structure of hybrid Chinese pennisetum (Pennisetum americanum x P.purpureum) this typical fast-growing herbage vegetation
Construction method, builds the riparian vegetation buffer zone of near-nature forest low-maintenance cost, for river ecosystem restoration and water quality control by transformation
Fixture has important promotion and application value.
The content of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of near-nature forest Riparian Zone construction method based on Planting Fast-growing herbage (hybrid Chinese pennisetum),
Realize lifting the ability of mountain watershed Riparian Zone abatement nitrogen phosphorus pollution of area source concentration and the runoff water yield.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by carrying out following steps：
(1) choose parallel with river course, the Riparian Zone soil of about 25m is used as structure region between farmland and river；
(2) more gentle landform of the ground line gradient less than 5% is formed by preliminary transformation selection area of leveling land, with
Make preparations for sowing plant hybrid Chinese pennisetum；
(3) agricultural area source runoff charge for remittance water distribution system is built：Build between region and farmland with concrete and brick in buffer strip
It is rectangle water storage ditch that block builds by laying a cross section parallel with river course, in overflowing for communicating with water storage ditch perpendicular to the excavation of river course direction
Stream ditch；
The water storage furrow width, deep respectively 0.4m, and build by laying higher than horizontal earth's surface in the nearly buffer strip cell side of water storage ditch
The zigzag downflow weir of face 0.2m, makes to cross buffer strip from the uniform overflow stream of gap after water storage ditch is full；
The overflow ditch, import inner cross-sectional lays the high overflow walls of 30cm, and when upstream, irrigation canals and ditches moderate rain water exceedes
During 30cm, upstream ditch water in a canal overflows to river course from this irrigation canals and ditches；
(4) fast-growing pasture growing and management：Building with spacing in the rows 0.5m in region, line-spacing 1m is the uniform plantation width in interval
20m fast-growing herbage seedling (plant heights<10cm), without the need for excessive labor management after plantation, herbage grew average plant height through 3 months can
Up to 1m or so, advantage group can be formed；
The fast-growing herbage is hybrid Chinese pennisetum；
(5) agricultural area source runoff purification process：By charge for remittance irrigation canals and ditches by the agriculture in the agriculture drainage ditch for adjoining buffer strip
Industry water-break and the rainfall runoff for confluxing are drained in buffer strip water storage ditch, and by overfall buffer strip is uniformly slowly flowed into,
Flow slowly into river Jing after soil diagnostic horizons purification.
Major effect of the present invention and advantage：
1st, the present invention constructs river by using Planting Fast-growing herbage hybrid Chinese pennisetum and simple water distribution charge for remittance engineering measure
Bank buffer strip, significantly reduces nitrogen and phosphorus pollutantses concentration and the water yield that buffering takes flow path stream out of, improves river ecological benefit；
2nd, the fast-growing herbage variety selected by the present invention is Pennisetum, with well developed root system, the dense spy of cauline leaf
Point, can effective consolidated soil, intercept rainwash, possess good water and soil conservation ability, and water-fast, resistance to fertilizer, can repeatedly cut
Cut yield big, can link to form Mode of Circular with related industry, while the vegetation planting technology is simple, survival rate is high, dimension
Shield is with low cost；
3rd, compared with existing mountain stream basin controlling area-source pollution technology, the present invention is convenient with operation maintenance, Jing
The features such as Ji and ecological benefits are good, near-nature forest Condition Construction is with low cost, can not only significantly reduce nitrogen phosphorus area source pollutants
Concentration, while also there is significant abatement effect to the water yield of farmland rainfall runoff.
Description of the drawings
In figure：1st, farmland 2, overflow wall 3, hybrid Chinese pennisetum.
Fig. 1 riparian buffer strips water distribution floor map；
Fig. 2 rectangle water storage ditch profiles；
Fig. 3 rectangle water storage ditch side views；(carrying zigzag downflow weir)
Fig. 4 different in width combines average reduction rate of the buffer strip to rainwash different shape nitrogen；
Fig. 5 different in width combines average reduction rate of the buffer strip to rainwash Paddy soil；
Different in width combines buffer strip always to rainwash different shape under Fig. 6 difference pollution concentrations；The reduction rate of nitrogen；
Different in width combines buffer strip always to the reduction rate of rainwash Paddy soil under Fig. 7 difference pollution concentrations；
Different in width combines buffer strip always to the reduction rate of rainwash Paddy soil under Fig. 8 difference pollution concentrations；
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described further below by embodiment, the present embodiment is with the technology of the present invention side
Implemented under premised on method, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited only to following examples.
Embodiment 1
A kind of mountain area riparian buffer strips construction method of utilization fast-growing herbage, comprises the following steps：
(1) choose parallel with river course, the Riparian Zone soil of about 20m is used as structure region between farmland 1 and river；
(2) more gentle landform of the ground line gradient less than 5% is formed by preliminary transformation selection area of leveling land, with
Standby Planting Fast-growing herbage；
(3) agricultural area source runoff charge for remittance water distribution system is built：Build between region and farmland 1 with concrete and brick in buffer strip
Block builds by laying a cross section parallel with river course for square water storage ditch, wide, deep to be respectively 0.4m, by excavate drainage irrigation canals and ditches with
The rainfall runoff that farmland water-break and farmland are confluxed is collected by farmland drainage ditch UNICOM, and repaiies in the nearly buffer strip cell side of water storage ditch
The zigzag downflow weir higher than horizontal ground surface 0.2m is built, makes to cross buffer strip from the uniform overflow stream of gap after water storage ditch is full；
(4) fast-growing pasture growing and management：Building with spacing in the rows 0.5m in region, line-spacing 1m is the uniform plantation width in interval
Seedling (the plant height of 20m hybrid Chinese pennisetums 3<10cm), without the need for excessive labor management after plantation, herbage grew average strain through 3 months
High reachable 1m or so, can form advantage group；
(5) agricultural area source runoff purification process：By charge for remittance irrigation canals and ditches by the agriculture in the agriculture drainage ditch for adjoining buffer strip
Industry water-break and the rainfall runoff for confluxing are drained in buffer strip water storage ditch, and by overfall buffer strip is uniformly slowly flowed into,
Flow slowly into river Jing after soil diagnostic horizons purification.
The present embodiment is located at Longyan Xinluo District Kowloon north of the Changjiang River Catchment Riparian Zone, and the region is typical mountain stream paddy
Bottom Agriculture Production Modes, along the river two sides be dispersed with more intensive farmland, rainy season is long, and rainfall is more, and intensity is big, mean annual drop
Rainfall easily forms significant agricultural area source runoff pollution more than 1700mm, and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutantses peak concentration can exceed earth's surface water ring
Border quality V class water quality standard.The long est and pilot project of one agreement that contracts a film or TV play to an actor or actress 50m is built up using above-mentioned riparian buffer strips construction method, can conflux face
Product about 1hm2Farmland water-break, Jing after building 1 year, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total in rainy season monitors the riparian buffer strips to rainwash
The concentration cut rate of phosphorus goes out to flow concentration and meets the class water quality standard of surface water III up to 70%, 50% and more than 60%.
Embodiment 2
Method as described in Example 1, it is the Riparian Zone of assessment different in width combined hybrid Chinese pennisetum 3 that difference is
Buffering subtract dirty effect, hybrid Chinese pennisetum plantation width arranges altogether 5 process cells in step (4), each to process cell and river
Bank vertical runs, each process is provided with 2 repetitions, and 10 long × wide experimental plots for being 20m × 2.5m are divided into altogether.It is different
Process subregion hybrid Chinese pennisetum cropping pattern to be respectively 0m (W20), 15m let a piece of farmland go to waste weeds ground+5m hybrid Chinese pennisetums with letting a piece of farmland go to waste weeds
(W15+Pe5), 10m let a piece of farmland go to waste weeds ground+10m hybrid Chinese pennisetums (W10+Pe10), 5m let a piece of farmland go to waste weeds ground+15m hybrid Chinese pennisetum (W5
+ Pe15) and 20m hybrid Chinese pennisetums (Pe20).
Jing after building 1 year, in rainy season total nitrogen, ammonia during different hybrid Chinese pennisetums plant width buffer strip to rainwash is monitored
As shown in Fig. 4 Fig. 5, plantation more than 10m hybrid Chinese pennisetums can produce more significant nitrogen phosphorus to the concentration cut rate of nitrogen and total phosphorus
Pollution concentration subtractive effect.
Embodiment 3
Method as described in Example 2, it is assessment different in width combined hybrid Chinese pennisetum Riparian Zone pair that difference is
The abatement responding ability of extreme pollution of area source risk conditions, in step (5) using local habits fertilization amount as reference standard to
Apply inorganic composite fertilizer (N in farmland:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15,45%) 1500kghm-2(high concentration) and 750kghm-2(low concentration) simulation forms two kinds of concentration outrophication risk situations, is discharged into river as runoff simulation water after fertilising
In farmland, and simultaneously cross flow to buffer strip, detects flow path stream runoff water is entered in buffer strip water storage ditch along agricultural drain channel
The concentration of different shape nitrogen phosphorus and go out flow path stream changes in flow rate feature.
Detect different shape nitrogen and phosphorus pollutantses concentration cut rate in stream as shown in Fig. 6 Fig. 7, to simulate different concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus
Experiment show, raises with concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus that different in width combination buffer strip nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphate and total phosphorus are average
Reduction rate shows as high concentration experiment>Low concentration is tested.In high concentration simulated experiment, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphoric acid
The optimum width combination of salt and total phosphorus is respectively Pe20, W15+Pe5, W15+Pe5, W10+Pe10 and W10+Pe10, average to cut down
Rate is respectively 14.4%, 97.1%, 95.5%, 96.1% and 95.9%；It is nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total in low concentration simulated experiment
The optimum width combination of nitrogen, phosphate and total phosphorus is respectively W20, W10+Pe10, W20, W15+Pe5 and W15+Pe5, average to cut down
Rate is respectively 12.0%, 81.6%, 58.6%, 93.3% and 92.9%.Buffer strip cuts down rainwash water yield effect such as Fig. 8,
It is higher than other buffer strips that W10+Pe10 cuts down effect is significant to earth's surface runoff water amount, be 96.93%, W10+Pe10 to nitrogen pool and
The reduction of total phosphorus content is significantly higher than other width combination buffer strip, and respectively 99.15% and 99.90%.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
Understanding can carry out various changes, modification, replacement to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention
And modification, the scope of the present invention be defined by the appended.
Claims (4)
1. the riparian buffer strips construction method that a kind of broken Farmland Landscape pollution of area source is cut down, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(1) choose it is parallel with river course, in farmland (1) and river between about 25m Riparian Zone soil as structure region；
(2) more gentle landform of the ground line gradient less than 5% is formed by preliminary transformation selection area of leveling land, to make preparations for sowing
Plant fast-growing herbage；
(3) agricultural area source runoff charge for remittance water distribution system is built：Build between region and farmland (1) with concrete and fragment of brick in buffer strip
It is rectangle water storage ditch to build by laying a cross section parallel with river course, in the overflow communicated with water storage ditch perpendicular to the excavation of river course direction
Ditch；
(4) fast-growing pasture growing and management：Building with spacing in the rows 0.5m in region, line-spacing 1m is the uniform plantation width 20m in interval
Fast-growing herbage seedling (plant height<10cm), without the need for excessive labor management after plantation, it is reachable that herbage grew average plant height through 3 months
1m or so, can form advantage group；
(5) agricultural area source runoff guiding stream：The agricultural in the agriculture drainage ditch for adjoining buffer strip is moved back by charge for remittance irrigation canals and ditches
Water and the rainfall runoff for confluxing are drained in buffer strip water storage ditch, and by overfall buffer strip is uniformly slowly flowed into, and Jing is native
Flow slowly into river after the purification of earth vegetation system.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that water storage furrow width in the step (3), it is deep be respectively 0.4m, and
The zigzag downflow weir higher than horizontal ground surface 0.2m is built by laying in the nearly buffer strip cell side of water storage ditch, from slitting after making water storage ditch full
The uniform overflow stream of mouth crosses buffer strip.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that overflow ditch import inner cross-sectional is laid in the step (3)
30cm high overflow wall (2), when upstream irrigation canals and ditches moderate rain water is more than 30cm, upstream ditch water in a canal overflows to river from this irrigation canals and ditches
Road.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that fast-growing herbage is hybrid Chinese pennisetum (3) in the step (4).
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107548597A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-01-09 | 北京中科乾和环保科技服务有限公司 | A kind of gentle slope type ecological riparian zone restorative procedure |
| CN109160611A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-08 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | A kind of multi-stage eco-ponds system for collecting processing suitable for small watershed in mountain non-point pollution |
| CN109796078A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-05-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | It is a kind of for improving the reservoir denitrogenation method of reservoir ecological environment |
| CN112062280A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-12-11 | 桂林理工大学 | Combined trapezoidal ecological ditch |
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| CN101555071A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2009-10-14 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | Method for utilizing buffer strip to control agricultural non-point source pollution of tidal river network area of plain |
| CN202157299U (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-03-07 | 吉林省环境科学研究院 | Phytodegradation system configuring system for agricultural plane source pollutant |
| CN104160847A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-11-26 | 普定县远山林下养鸡场 | Three-dimensional planting and cultivating method for rock desert mountain land |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1823564A (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2006-08-30 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Ecological intercepting method of vegetable field soil nitrogen phosphorus runoff control |
| CN101555071A (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2009-10-14 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | Method for utilizing buffer strip to control agricultural non-point source pollution of tidal river network area of plain |
| CN202157299U (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-03-07 | 吉林省环境科学研究院 | Phytodegradation system configuring system for agricultural plane source pollutant |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107548597A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-01-09 | 北京中科乾和环保科技服务有限公司 | A kind of gentle slope type ecological riparian zone restorative procedure |
| CN109160611A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-08 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | A kind of multi-stage eco-ponds system for collecting processing suitable for small watershed in mountain non-point pollution |
| CN109160611B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2024-01-30 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Multistage ecological pond system suitable for mountain area small-river basin non-point source pollution collection treatment |
| CN109796078A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-05-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | It is a kind of for improving the reservoir denitrogenation method of reservoir ecological environment |
| CN112062280A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-12-11 | 桂林理工大学 | Combined trapezoidal ecological ditch |
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