CN111039410A - Method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by local deep water ecological ditch - Google Patents
Method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by local deep water ecological ditch Download PDFInfo
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- CN111039410A CN111039410A CN201911394819.XA CN201911394819A CN111039410A CN 111039410 A CN111039410 A CN 111039410A CN 201911394819 A CN201911394819 A CN 201911394819A CN 111039410 A CN111039410 A CN 111039410A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water by local deep water ecological ditches, which comprises the following steps: (1) constructing a local deep-water ecological ditch in the ecological ditch, wherein the ecological ditch is provided with a shallow water section and a deep water section; the shallow water section is provided with a mud-blocking water-retaining short dike; the middle part of the deep water section is provided with a plurality of water treatment units; (2) planting small-sized developed aquatic plants in the lower water-passing prevention planting groove, planting middle-sized developed aquatic plants in the upper water-passing prevention planting groove, and planting high-sized emergent aquatic plants between the lower water-passing prevention planting groove and the upper water-passing prevention planting groove; (3) the farmland non-point source polluted water body forms a continuous bent water flow path in the process of flowing through the local deep water ecological ditch, so that nitrogen and phosphorus are removed, and the farmland non-point source polluted water body treatment is completed. The method can maintain the lowest water level of the shallow water section of the ditch, is beneficial to the growth of aquatic plants, and can enhance the capacity of removing and purifying the surface-source polluted nitrogen and phosphorus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water by local deep-water ecological ditches.
Background
1. Overview of ecological ditches
The ditch is an important component of a farmland system and is a channel for converging farmland surface runoff into lakes and rivers. A farmland drainage ditch having bottom mud and in which aquatic plants grow is generally called a farmland ecological ditch. The ecological ditch is provided with a plant-sediment-microorganism system, so that the ditch can play a similar function as the ecological wetland in the base flow period of slow water flow.
In the ecological ditch, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus carried in runoff can be effectively reduced through the actions of silt interception, plant absorption, microbial decomposition and the like, and the effects of 'three-removal' (removal of garbage, silt and weeds) and 'three-interception' (interception of sewage, silt and floating materials) are achieved.
China is one of the countries with the largest fertilizer application amount in the world, but the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in farmlands is not high all the time, and is about 30-35% and 10-20% by statistics of related researches. The nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers applied to the farmland can enter surface water and underground water due to rainfall, seepage and other ways to cause pollution to the parts which are not absorbed and utilized by crops. The control measures of agricultural non-point source pollution are mainly divided into source control and tail end treatment, wherein the source control is the most effective. In source control, plant buffer zones, artificial wetlands, ecological ditches and the like are the most common methods. The ecological ditch is more suitable for popularization and application in rural areas due to low construction cost and high pollution removal efficiency.
2. General method for ecological ditches
The ecological ditch is mainly used for collecting the runoff with non-point source pollution and pre-treating the collected runoff, and is a typical interception form of the non-point source pollution. The excavation of ecological ditch is should be according to local conditions, equal altitude ditching, and the purpose is to guarantee that there is certain depth of water in the ditch to guarantee that rivers are mild, prolong the detention time, improve the interception effect. In order to enable aquatic plants in the ecological interception ditch to have basic planting soil, the bottom of the ditch is tamped by plain soil, and the planting soil with the thickness of 100-200 mm is laid above a tamped layer. The two side walls of the ditch with irrigation or rain and flood drainage functions are ecological bricks to pile up the retaining walls, and the other side walls are stepped. Water stopping ridges are arranged at the bottom of the channel at certain intervals, so that the water depth at the starting end of the channel is more than 0.1 m, and the water for plant growth in crop areas is met. The wide section of the ecological ditch is generally in an inverted trapezoid shape, the upper bottom of the ecological ditch is generally 2-3m wide, the lower bottom of the ecological ditch is generally 1-2 m wide, the depth of the ecological ditch is generally 0.9-1.2 m, and water plants with strong adsorption capacity are planted in the ditch to strengthen the interception and purification capacity of the ecological ditch on farmland non-point source pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like.
3. Problems existing in ecological ditches of farmland areas
Generally, in order to maintain a certain depth of water in an ecological ditch and ensure smooth water flow, the ditch needs to be dug at the same height. Because the farmland, especially plain area are large-scale farmland, generally all through many years's reclamation, the relief is comparatively flat, and the discrepancy in elevation is less, and the whole slope of escape canal can be smaller. In the excavation construction of the ecological ditch, the design and construction are carried out in an equal-height excavation mode, so that although the water flow in the ecological ditch is smooth, the water quantity in the ecological ditch is generally not large and can only be maintained at a daily water depth of 10-20 cm, and the shallow water depth and the slow water flow can settle impurities in the water flow in a base flow period to form bottom mud; however, in the flood season, the depth of the sediment is greatly reduced because the sediment is washed by the larger water flow in the ditch. The shallow water depth and the shallow bottom sediment depth can not maintain the growth of a large amount of aquatic plants, particularly aquatic plants with developed root systems, so that the types of plants in the ecological ditch are few, the plants are plant varieties with shallow root systems and small root systems, and the absorption capacity of the plants on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the water body of the ditch is general; meanwhile, in a farmland ecosystem, the ecological ditches are important habitats of farmland aquatic animals and plants and migration galleries of various small animals in the farmland ecosystem, but due to the characteristics of high-altitude excavation of the farmland ecological ditches, the ecological ditches are extremely easy to dry in a dry period, and large drainage runoff is easy to form in rainy and waterlogged seasons, so that the phenomenon of alternation of drought and waterlogging is not beneficial to the stable existence of the farmland ecosystem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water by using a local deep-water ecological ditch, which aims to solve the problem of insufficient non-point source polluted nitrogen and phosphorus removal and purification capacity caused by the fact that large, medium and small aquatic plants cannot be planted in a combined manner due to shallow water flow in an ecological ditch of a farmland region with a relatively flat topography.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water by local deep water ecological ditches comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a local deep-water ecological ditch in the ecological ditch, wherein the local deep-water ecological ditch is provided with a shallow water section and a deep water section connected with the shallow water section; the joints of the front end and the rear end of the deep water section and the shallow water section are respectively provided with a mud-blocking water-retaining short dike; the middle part of the deep water section is provided with a plurality of water treatment units, and each water treatment unit is sequentially provided with a lower water-passing blocking planting groove and an upper water-passing blocking planting groove along the water flow direction;
(2) planting small-sized developed aquatic plants in the lower water-passing prevention planting groove, planting middle-sized developed aquatic plants in the upper water-passing prevention planting groove, and planting high-sized emergent aquatic plants between the lower water-passing prevention planting groove and the upper water-passing prevention planting groove;
(3) and a continuous bent water flow path is formed in the process that the farmland non-point source polluted water flows through the local deep water ecological ditch and is fully contacted with plant plants, plant roots and planting bases, so that nitrogen and phosphorus are removed, and the farmland non-point source polluted water treatment is completed.
In the invention, the bottom of the lower water-passing blocking planting groove is a base, the middle part is provided with a water-passing culvert, and the top is provided with a planting groove; through holes are formed in the side wall and the bottom of the planting groove, and the planting groove is communicated with the water passing culvert through the through hole in the bottom of the planting groove.
In the invention, the total height of the lower water-passing blocking planting groove is the sum of the depth of the deep water section and the height of the mud-blocking water-retaining short dike.
Furthermore, the width of the lower water blocking planting groove is 30-50 cm, the height of the base is 20-30 cm, and the depth of the planting groove in the lower water blocking planting groove is 30-40 cm.
In the invention, the height of the mud-blocking water-retaining short dike is the sum of the thickness of bottom mud at a shallow water section and the required normal accumulated water height.
According to the invention, the bottom of the upper water-passing blocking planting groove is a base, the top of the upper water-passing blocking planting groove is a planting groove, and the side wall of the planting groove is provided with a through hole.
In the invention, the total height of the upper water blocking planting groove is consistent with the depth of the deep water section.
Furthermore, the width of the upper water blocking planting groove is 30-50 cm, the height of the base is 20-30 cm, and the depth of the planting groove in the upper water blocking planting groove is 30-40 cm.
In the invention, the length of the deep water section is 20-30 meters.
In the invention, the distance between the middle lower part water blocking planting groove and the upper part water blocking planting groove of each water treatment unit is about 0.5-1 m.
Furthermore, the distance between the first water treatment unit and the mud-blocking water-retaining short dike at the front end of the deep water section is 1-2 meters.
The invention can be improved in that the rear end of the deep water section is also provided with a lower water blocking planting groove behind all the water treatment units.
Furthermore, the last lower part of the deep water section is provided with a water blocking planting groove which is 1-2 meters away from the mud-blocking water-retaining low dike at the rear end of the deep water section.
In the invention, the aquatic plants with developed small-size root systems comprise wild ginger flowers, pennisetum hydridum, coix lacryma-jobi, allium mongolicum regel and acorus calamus.
In the invention, the aquatic plants with developed medium-sized root systems comprise cattail, rhizoma alismatis, water celery, thalictrum floribundum and canna.
In the invention, the high-body emergent aquatic plants comprise reed, calabash and cyperus alternifolius.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the mud-blocking and water-retaining short dike arranged in the local deep-water ecological ditch constructed in the method can keep the lowest water level of the shallow water section of the ditch, so that the ditch can keep the depth of bottom mud, and the method is favorable for the growth of aquatic plants; lower part water-passing barrier plants the groove, upper portion water-passing barrier plants this two kinds of planting grooves of groove and puts in proper order of deep water section, not only can slow down the rivers velocity of flow, extension rivers flow path, rivers can also be forced and flow the in-process at the deep water section and form the rivers route of buckling, reduce the phenomenon of the common non-point source pollution nitrogen phosphorus layering in deep water region, can strengthen and get rid of the purifying power to non-point source pollution nitrogen phosphorus, effectively increase the nitrogen phosphorus of irrigation canals and ditches and inhale and the reducing power, can not be to other functions of ecological irrigation canals and ditches in farmland simultaneously, like rainfall flood period drainage etc., produce the influence.
(2) According to the invention, the thickness of the bottom mud laid at the bottom of the deep water section of the local deep water ecological ditch can maintain the growth of large-size aquatic plants, the middle-size and small-size aquatic plants with developed roots can be planted on the lower water blocking planting groove and the upper water blocking planting groove, and the water root growing holes of the wall plates arranged on the lower water blocking planting groove and the upper water blocking planting groove can enable the plant roots to be directly lifted into the water body, so that a plurality of base layers suitable for the growth and the life of aquatic plants with different sizes are created, and the absorption effect of the combined aquatic plants on the surface source pollutants nitrogen and phosphorus is fully exerted.
(3) According to the invention, the deep water section has larger water depth, the plant has better shielding effect on the upper water flow, the sediment of the deep water section cannot be stirred by the upper water flow, and the problem that the water body is polluted again due to the release of solidified phosphorus in the sediment caused by stirring the sediment of the ecological ditch common in the rain flood period is avoided; in the dry season, the basic flow in the ecological ditch can ensure that a water body with a certain depth can be maintained in the deep water section in the ditch, water taking and living places are created for protozoa, and the phenomenon of large-area death caused by water shortage of the protozoa in the ecological ditch in dry seasons can be avoided. Meanwhile, as the deep water section of the ecological ditch is also used as a migration channel for protozoa, particularly migration type organisms in non-dry seasons, the deep water section can provide a certain spawning or rest place for the migration organisms, and the stability of an ecological system is kept.
(4) The local deep-water ecological ditch can be transformed by utilizing the existing ecological ditch, is simple in construction, is beneficial to large-scale implementation, and reduces the construction cost of the ditch.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a local deep ecological ditch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a local deep ecological ditch for planting aquatic plants according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a water flow path in a base flow state of a local deep water ecological ditch according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the flow path of the water flow in the flood stage of the local deep ecological ditch according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a view B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a view C-C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a water blocking planting groove at the lower part of a local deep water ecological ditch according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a front view of a water blocking planting trough at the lower part of a local deep water ecological ditch according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a top view of a water blocking planting trough at the lower part of a local deep water ecological ditch according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a water blocking implant at the lower part of a partial deep water ecological trench according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the upper water blocking planting groove of the local deep water ecological ditch according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a front view of an upper water blocking planting trough of a local deep water ecological trench according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 14 is a top view of the upper water blocking planting groove of the local deep water ecological trench according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a partial deep water ecological trench with an upper water blocking implant according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are as follows: 1-local deep water ecological ditch; 2-shallow water section; 3-a deep water section; 4-stopping mud and water and stopping short dike; 5-passing water in the lower part to block the planting groove; 6-passing water in the upper part to block the planting groove; 7-passing the water root growing holes on the wall plate; 8-passing the water root system growth hole on the bottom plate; 9-passing through a water culvert; 10-tall emerging plants; 11-small-sized developed aquatic plants of the root system; 12-middle-sized developed aquatic plants of root system; 13-trench bottom mud.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present invention for those skilled in the art.
A method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water by local deep water ecological ditches comprises the following steps:
(1) a local deep water ecological ditch 1 as shown in figures 1-15 is constructed in the ecological ditch, and comprises a shallow water section 2 and a deep water section 3.
The shallow water section 2 of the ecological ditch is the same as the ordinary farmland ditch in section and is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the upper surface of the shallow water section is about 2-3 meters wide, the lower bottom of the shallow water section is about 1-2 meters wide, and the depth of the shallow water section is about 1.5 meters. In longer ecological ditches (typically a straight section exceeding 50 meters), 2 deep water sections 3 of about 20-30 meters in length are provided every about 25 meters. The upper half section of the deep water section 3 is the same as the shallow water section 2, the slope protection is shared, the deep water section 3 is excavated downwards from the bottom of the ditch to a depth of about 1 meter, and the four walls and the section bottom are designed and constructed according to the long-term underwater environment.
And a mud-blocking and water-retaining short dike 4 is arranged at the tail end of the shallow water section 2 at the joint of the shallow water section 2 and the deep water section 3, and the height of the mud-blocking and water-retaining short dike 4 is the sum of the thickness of bottom mud of the shallow water section 2 and the height of accumulated water required to be normal. The function of the mud-blocking and water-retaining short dike 4 is to ensure that bottom mud in the shallow water section 2 of the ecological ditch cannot flow into the deep water section 3 of the ecological ditch along water flow and ensure that the shallow water section 2 can keep a certain water depth in a low water period foundation flow state.
A lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5 and an upper water-passing blocking planting groove 6 are arranged in the deep water section 3. The setting sequence is as follows: and arranging a lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5 at a position about 1 meter away from the mud-blocking and water-retaining short dam 4, arranging the planting grooves according to the sequence of an upper water-passing blocking planting groove 6 and a lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5, controlling the distance between the upper water-passing blocking planting groove and the lower water-passing blocking planting groove to be about 0.5 meter, and finally arranging a lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5 at a position about 1 meter away from the mud-blocking and water-retaining short dam 4 of the lower shallow water section 2.
The lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5 crosses the deep water section 3 and part of the shallow water section 2, the total height is the sum of the depth of the deep water section 3 and the height of the mud-blocking water-retaining short embankment 4, the width is about 30 cm, and the material is concrete. The top of the lower water-passing prevention planting groove 5 is a planting groove with the depth of about 30 cm, the front wall plate and the rear wall plate of the planting groove are provided with water-passing root growing holes 7 on the wall plates of the lower water-passing prevention planting groove 5, and the bottom plate of the planting groove is provided with water-passing root growing holes 8 on the bottom plate of the lower water-passing prevention planting groove 5; the bottom of the lower water blocking planting groove 5 is a base with the height of about 25 cm; a lower water-passing culvert 9 is arranged between the base and the planting groove and below the lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5.
The upper water blocking planting groove 6 crosses the deep water section 3, the total height is the same as the depth of the deep water section 3, the width is about 30 cm, and the material is concrete. The top of the upper water-passing blocking planting groove 6 is provided with a planting groove with the depth of about 40 cm, and the front wall plate and the rear wall plate of the planting groove are provided with water-passing root growing holes 7 of the wall plates of the lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5; the bottom of the upper water blocking planting groove 6 is a base with the height of about 40 cm.
(2) And backfilling planting soil in the lower water-blocking planting groove 5, and planting small aquatic plants 11 with developed root systems, such as wild ginger flower, pennisetum hydridum, coix lacryma-jobi, allium mongolicum regel, calamus, and the like. And backfilling planting soil in the upper water blocking planting groove 6, and planting aquatic plants 12 with developed middle body type root systems, such as cattail, rhizoma alismatis, water cress, thalictrum odoratum, canna and the like. Planting soil with the thickness of 20 cm is backfilled between the lower water blocking planting groove 5 and the upper water blocking planting groove 6, and tall emergent aquatic plants 10, such as reed, calabash, cyperus alternifolius and the like, are planted.
(3) The farmland non-point source polluted water flows through the local deep-water ecological ditch 1 to form a continuous bent water flow path, and is fully contacted with plant plants, plant roots and planting bases, so that nitrogen and phosphorus are removed, namely, the farmland non-point source polluted water treatment is completed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
under the base flow state, the water quantity in the ecological ditch is small, and the mud-blocking water-retaining short dike 4 can effectively maintain the water flow depth of the shallow water section 2; whereas the deepwater section 3 can maintain a water depth of about 1 meter as long as the most basic current is available in the trench. The water flow flowing into the deep water section 3 from the shallow water section 2 through the mud-blocking and water-blocking short dike 4 is high in the upper end face of the lower water-blocking planting groove 5 and the water flow in a base flow state, so that two ways are provided for the water flow to flow towards the downstream, one way is to pass through a water-passing culvert 9 at the lower bottom of the lower water-blocking planting groove 5, the path comprises a water-passing root growth hole 7 on a lower wall plate of the lower water-blocking planting groove 5 on the lower water-blocking planting groove 5, a water-passing root growth hole 7 on a lower wall plate of the upper water-blocking planting groove 6 is arranged behind the water-passing culvert 9 at the lower bottom of the lower water-blocking planting groove 5, and roots of various aquatic plants planted in the planting grooves can pass through the growth holes, so that the water flow passing through the path can be in full contact with the roots, and a good nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect is generated; and the other path is that the water flowing through the wall plates of the lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5 on the two wall plates of the lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5 passes through the water-passing root growing hole 7, and the water flowing through the path not only can be fully contacted with the plant root system in the planting groove, but also can be fully contacted with the planting base in the planting groove, and can also generate better nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect.
After water flows through the lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5, because the height of the upper water-passing blocking planting groove 6 is about 20 cm lower than the water surface, water flows from the water-passing culvert 9 at the lower bottom of the lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5 and the water-passing root growing holes 7 on the wall plates of the lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5 are forced to turn, one part of the water flows upwards, passes through the upper end of the 2.2 upper water-passing blocking planting groove 6 and continues to flow downwards, and the other part of the water flows through the water-passing root growing holes 7 on the wall plates of the lower water-passing blocking planting groove 5. Similar to the above, the water flow flowing in this way can obtain a good nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect.
After passing through the first lower water-passing arresting planting groove 5, the water flow will meet the second upper water-passing arresting planting groove 6, and the process is repeated until the water flow passes through the last upper water-passing arresting planting groove 6, and the water flow flows into the shallow water section 2 through the mud-blocking water-retaining short dike 4 at the lower end. In the flowing process, because the lower water-passing stopping planting groove 5, the upper water-passing stopping planting groove 6, various aquatic plants planted in the deep water section 3, plant roots and the like are blocked, the water flow speed is extremely low, in the process, the water flow can be fully contacted with the plant roots, plant growth substrates and plant plants, and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect can be better than that of a common shallow ecological ditch.
In the rain flood period, the water quantity in the ecological ditch is large, and the flow speed is high. And because the depth of water of deep water section 3 is darker, the aquatic plant that the lower part water blocking planting groove 5 that sets up in deep water section 3, the aquatic plant that the upper portion water blocking planting groove 6 inslot was planted and the aquatic plant that plants at the bottom of the canal between two kinds of planting grooves can effectively block the erodeing of rivers to the bed mud, reduce the bed mud by rivers stir and lead to the phosphorus of consolidation in the bed mud to be released again in the rivers thereby cause secondary pollution's probability.
In the invention, when the water depth is increased, the water velocity of the bottom mud is slowed down due to the deepening of the water depth, and the phosphorus deposition effect can be improved by about 20-30% compared with that of shallow water, but the final removal of phosphorus still needs to depend on manual bottom mud excavation; the upper water-passing blocking planting groove and the lower water-passing blocking planting groove of the deep water section enable the deep water section to form an artificial surface flow wetland and an artificial subsurface flow wetland, the runoff passing distance is lengthened, different pollution concentrations, water flow speeds, temperatures, plant species, planting groove sizes, substrate in the groove and the like have influence on the removal efficiency, and in general, the removal rate of nitrogen in the runoff can be improved by 20-60%. Therefore, the removal rate of nitrogen in runoff can be improved by about 20-50% and the removal rate of phosphorus can be improved by about 30-50% by the local deep-water ecological ditch node.
The above embodiments illustrate various embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can achieve the objectives of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention, and any modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water by local deep water ecological ditches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a local deep-water ecological ditch in the ecological ditch, wherein the local deep-water ecological ditch is provided with a shallow water section and a deep water section connected with the shallow water section; the joints of the front end and the rear end of the deep water section and the shallow water section are respectively provided with a mud-blocking water-retaining short dike; the middle part of the deep water section is provided with a plurality of water treatment units, and each water treatment unit is sequentially provided with a lower water-passing blocking planting groove and an upper water-passing blocking planting groove along the water flow direction;
(2) planting small-sized developed aquatic plants in the lower water-passing prevention planting groove, planting middle-sized developed aquatic plants in the upper water-passing prevention planting groove, and planting high-sized emergent aquatic plants between the lower water-passing prevention planting groove and the upper water-passing prevention planting groove;
(3) and a continuous bent water flow path is formed in the process that the farmland non-point source polluted water flows through the local deep water ecological ditch and is fully contacted with plant plants, plant roots and planting bases, so that nitrogen and phosphorus are removed, and the farmland non-point source polluted water treatment is completed.
2. The method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by using the local deepwater ecological ditch according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the lower water-passing blocking planting groove is a base, the middle is provided with a water-passing culvert, and the top is provided with a planting groove; through holes are formed in the side wall and the bottom of the planting groove, and the planting groove is communicated with the water passing culvert through the through hole in the bottom of the planting groove.
3. The method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by using the local deepwater ecological ditch according to claim 2, wherein the total height of the lower water blocking planting groove is the sum of the depth of the deepwater section and the height of the mud-blocking low dam.
4. The method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by the local deepwater ecological ditch according to claim 3, wherein the height of the mud-blocking short dike is the sum of the thickness of bottom mud at the shallow water section and the required normal water accumulation height.
5. The method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by using the local deepwater ecological ditch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper water-blocking planting groove is provided with a base at the bottom and a planting groove at the top, and the side wall of the planting groove is provided with a through hole.
6. The method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by using the local deepwater ecological ditch according to claim 5, wherein the overall height of the upper water blocking planting groove is consistent with the depth of the deepwater section.
7. The method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water by using the local deep water ecological ditch according to claim 5, wherein the rear end of the deep water section is further provided with a lower water blocking planting groove behind all water treatment units.
8. The method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by using the local deep water ecological ditch according to claim 7, wherein the small-size root-system developed aquatic plants comprise wild ginger flowers, pennisetum hydridum, coix lachryma-jobi, allium mongolicum regel and acorus calamus.
9. The method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by using the local deepwater ecological ditch according to claim 8, wherein the aquatic plants with developed medium-sized root systems comprise cattail, rhizoma alismatis, cress, thaliana and canna.
10. The method for treating farmland non-point source polluted water body by using the local deep water ecological ditch according to claim 9, wherein the tall emergent aquatic plants comprise reed, calabash and cyperus alternifolius.
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| CN111635008A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-08 | 湖南惟创环境科技有限公司 | Ecological repair system of step degree of depth that pollutes farmland tail water treatment |
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| US20090255862A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-15 | Mark Harrison | Eco-treament system |
| CN105401552A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-03-16 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for transforming saline-alkali wasteland into low-pollution water-wet land deep treatment system |
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| US20090255862A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-15 | Mark Harrison | Eco-treament system |
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