CN106518101A - 一种抗冲击耐火砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗冲击耐火砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106518101A
CN106518101A CN201610884568.3A CN201610884568A CN106518101A CN 106518101 A CN106518101 A CN 106518101A CN 201610884568 A CN201610884568 A CN 201610884568A CN 106518101 A CN106518101 A CN 106518101A
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晋元龙
陈德全
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗冲击耐火砖及其制备方法，其由以下重量份的原料制成：玄武岩碎石16‑27、黄河泥沙21‑29、赤泥17‑26、棉浆粕12‑19、陶瓷抛光废渣19‑31、红柱石15‑25、雾化球形镁粉5‑10、水溶性脲醛树脂16‑22、废弃铝硅酸盐玻璃20‑30、沸腾炉渣16‑24、碳晶须8‑14、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠7‑13、铝铬渣10‑20、氟石膏35‑45。本发明采用玄武岩碎石、黄河泥沙与棉浆粕、雾化球形镁粉、碳晶须配合使用，可以在保持耐火砖较高耐火度的基础上，大大提高耐火砖的抗冲击性能，延长其使用寿命。本发明制得的耐火砖具有耐火度高，热膨胀系数低，抗冲击性优异，耐腐蚀性好，摩擦系数低等优点。

Description

一种抗冲击耐火砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗冲击耐火砖及其制备方法，属于耐火材料领域。
背景技术
凡具有抵抗高温以及在高温下所产生的物理化学作用的材料统称耐火材料。耐火材料广泛用于冶金、化工、石油、机械制造、硅酸盐、动力、锅炉、轻工、电力、军工等国民经济的各个领域，是保证上述产业生产运行和技术发展必不可少的基本材料，在高温工业生产发展中起着不可替代的重要作用。耐火材料一般分为两种，即不定型耐火材料和定型耐火材料。其中定型耐火材料一般指耐火砖，其形状有标准规则，也可以根据需要筑切时临时加工。
近年来，国内耐火砖生产工艺发展迅速，市场上出现了种类繁多、性能各异的耐火砖。中国专利号为：200710062457.5的发明专利公开了一种硅质隔热耐火砖，本发明耐火砖由硅石细粉81-85％，珍珠岩15-19％，外加占上述主原料总重的下列辅料：铁鳞粉0.45-0.55％，水泥0.9-1.1％，石灰乳6.5-7.5％，纸浆1.95-2.2％组成，制备工艺为：将硅石细粉、珍珠岩按比例加入湿碾内，然后加入铁鳞粉、水泥干碾1-2分钟后，加入占主原料总重的1.8-2.2％的水，然后加入石灰乳，碾压10-15分钟，最后加入纸浆，碾压10-15分钟，出碾，成型制坯。采用上述原料和工艺制得的耐火砖虽然解决了现有粘土质隔热耐火砖存在荷重变形温度低、高温下易收缩、导热率较大、保温效果不好等缺陷，但是其耐火性和抗冲击性与国外耐火砖相比较，仍存在较大的差距，无法满足出口市场的需求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种抗冲击耐火砖及其制备方法，以解决现有的耐火砖抗冲击强度低和耐火度低的问题。
为了解决上述问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种抗冲击耐火砖，由以下重量份的原料制成：玄武岩碎石16-27、黄河泥沙21-29、赤泥17-26、棉浆粕12-19、陶瓷抛光废渣19-31、红柱石15-25、雾化球形镁粉5-10、水溶性脲醛树脂16-22、废弃铝硅酸盐玻璃20-30、沸腾炉渣16-24、碳晶须8-14、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠7-13、铝铬渣10-20、氟石膏35-45。
一种抗冲击耐火砖的制备方法，由下列步骤组成：
(1)将赤泥、陶瓷抛光废渣、红柱石、废弃铝硅酸盐玻璃、沸腾炉渣、铝铬渣混合均匀，粉碎，过80-120目筛，830-870℃煅烧1.5-2h，冷却至室温，400-600r/min干法球磨30-50min，然后按照固液比1：5-6将球磨后的粉末加入到质量分数为35％的盐酸溶液中，水浴加热至80-90℃，保温浸泡1-2h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤渣留用，滤液加摩尔浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH为12-14，过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8.5-9.5时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化2-3h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，740-780℃温煅烧3-5h，冷却至室温，待用；
(2)按照固液比1：6-7将步骤(1)留用的滤渣加入到质量分数为15％的氢氧化钠溶液中，加热至75-85℃，保温浸泡1-2h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8-9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化3-4h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，680-720℃温煅烧1-2h，冷却至室温，待用；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的原料与步骤(2)制得的原料混合均匀，然后加入相当于混合物质量50-60％的硫酸钠和40-50％的碳酸钠，600-800r/min干法球磨5-10min，1120-1180℃煅烧2-4h，冷却至室温，加入到适量的蒸馏水中，水浴加热至60-70℃，搅拌7-12min，过滤，滤渣洗涤，干净，烘干，得到耐火料；
(4)将玄武岩碎石、黄河泥沙、棉浆粕、碳晶须混合均匀，粉碎，过50-100目筛后与步骤(3)制得的耐火料进行干混，混合6-9min，然后加入适量的水，并加入余下原料进行湿混，混合5-8min；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的混合料加入成型模具中压制成型，成型压力为28-34MPa，将成型后的坯体静置2-4h，然后蒸压养护，蒸压养护制度为升温3-4h，恒温7-8h，降温4-5h，蒸压温度为200-220℃，然后自然环养护即可。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明通过从赤泥、陶瓷抛光废渣、红柱石、废弃铝硅酸盐玻璃、沸腾炉渣、铝铬渣等原料中提取氧化铝和二氧化硅，然后在硫酸钠和碳酸钠的熔盐中煅烧，可以得到以莫来石为主要成分的耐火料，该耐火料加入到砖中，可以大大提高耐火砖的耐火性，使得耐火砖在高温下仍能保持优异的综合性能，同时实现了赤泥、陶瓷抛光废渣、红柱石、废弃铝硅酸盐玻璃、沸腾炉渣、铝铬渣等固体废渣的再资源化利用，具有重要的经济效益和社会效益；
(2)本发明采用玄武岩碎石、黄河泥沙与棉浆粕、雾化球形镁粉、碳晶须配合使用，可以在保持耐火砖较高耐火度的基础上，大大提高耐火砖的抗冲击性能，延长其使用寿命。本发明制得的耐火砖具有耐火度高，热膨胀系数低，抗冲击性优异，耐腐蚀性好，摩擦系数低等优点。
具体实施方式
一种抗冲击耐火砖，由以下重量(kg)的原料制成：玄武岩碎石22、黄河泥沙25、赤泥21、棉浆粕16、陶瓷抛光废渣25、红柱石20、雾化球形镁粉8、水溶性脲醛树脂19、废弃铝硅酸盐玻璃25、沸腾炉渣20、碳晶须11、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠10、铝铬渣15、氟石膏40。
一种抗冲击耐火砖的制备方法，由下列步骤组成：
(1)将赤泥、陶瓷抛光废渣、红柱石、废弃铝硅酸盐玻璃、沸腾炉渣、铝铬渣混合均匀，粉碎，过100目筛，850℃煅烧1.5h，冷却至室温，500r/min干法球磨40min，然后按照固液比1：5将球磨后的粉末加入到质量分数为35％的盐酸溶液中，水浴加热至85℃，保温浸泡1.5h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤渣留用，滤液加摩尔浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH为13，过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化2.5h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，760℃温煅烧4h，冷却至室温，待用；
(2)按照固液比1：6将步骤(1)留用的滤渣加入到质量分数为15％的氢氧化钠溶液中，加热至80℃，保温浸泡1.5h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8.5时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化3h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，690℃温煅烧1.5h，冷却至室温，待用；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的原料与步骤(2)制得的原料混合均匀，然后加入相当于混合物质量55％的硫酸钠和45％的碳酸钠，700r/min干法球磨8min，1150℃煅烧3h，冷却至室温，加入到适量的蒸馏水中，水浴加热至65℃，搅拌10min，过滤，滤渣洗涤，干净，烘干，得到耐火料；
(4)将玄武岩碎石、黄河泥沙、棉浆粕、碳晶须混合均匀，粉碎，过80目筛后与步骤(3)制得的耐火料进行干混，混合7min，然后加入适量的水，并加入余下原料进行湿混，混合6min；
(5)将步骤(4)制得的混合料加入成型模具中压制成型，成型压力为30MPa，将成型后的坯体静置3h，然后蒸压养护，蒸压养护制度为升温4h，恒温7h，降温5h，蒸压温度为210℃，然后自然环养护即可。
上述实施例制得的耐火砖的的性能检测结果与国外耐火砖性能参数相比较如下表所示：
国外耐火砖 上述实施例生产的耐火砖
耐火度，℃ 1840 1880
抗冲击强度，cm·kg/cm2 7.6 10.8

Claims (2)

1.一种抗冲击耐火砖，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：玄武岩碎石16-27、黄河泥沙21-29、赤泥17-26、棉浆粕12-19、陶瓷抛光废渣19-31、红柱石15-25、雾化球形镁粉5-10、水溶性脲醛树脂16-22、废弃铝硅酸盐玻璃20-30、沸腾炉渣16-24、碳晶须8-14、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠7-13、铝铬渣10-20、氟石膏35-45。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的抗冲击耐火砖的制备方法，其特征在于，由下列步骤组成：
（1）将赤泥、陶瓷抛光废渣、红柱石、废弃铝硅酸盐玻璃、沸腾炉渣、铝铬渣混合均匀，粉碎，过80-120目筛，830-870℃煅烧1.5-2h，冷却至室温，400-600r/min干法球磨30-50min，然后按照固液比1：5-6将球磨后的粉末加入到质量分数为35%的盐酸溶液中，水浴加热至80-90℃，保温浸泡1-2h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤渣留用，滤液加摩尔浓度为5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液至pH为12-14，过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8.5-9.5时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化2-3h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，740-780℃温煅烧3-5h，冷却至室温，待用；
（2）按照固液比1：6-7将步骤（1）留用的滤渣加入到质量分数为15%的氢氧化钠溶液中，加热至75-85℃，保温浸泡1-2h，自然冷却至50℃以下时过滤，滤液通入二氧化碳气体至pH为8-9时，关闭二氧化碳，静置陈化3-4h，过滤，滤渣洗涤干净，烘干，680-720℃温煅烧1-2h，冷却至室温，待用；
（3）将步骤（1）制得的原料与步骤（2）制得的原料混合均匀，然后加入相当于混合物质量50-60%的硫酸钠和40-50%的碳酸钠，600-800r/min干法球磨5-10min，1120-1180℃煅烧2-4h，冷却至室温，加入到适量的蒸馏水中，水浴加热至60-70℃，搅拌7-12min，过滤，滤渣洗涤，干净，烘干，得到耐火料；
（4）将玄武岩碎石、黄河泥沙、棉浆粕、碳晶须混合均匀，粉碎，过50-100目筛后与步骤（3）制得的耐火料进行干混，混合6-9min，然后加入适量的水，并加入余下原料进行湿混，混合5-8min；
（5）将步骤（4）制得的混合料加入成型模具中压制成型，成型压力为28-34MPa，将成型后的坯体静置2-4h，然后蒸压养护，蒸压养护制度为升温3-4h，恒温7-8h，降温4-5h，蒸压温度为200-220℃，然后自然环养护即可。
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