CN106515712B - 与滑移扭矩相关的改进 - Google Patents

与滑移扭矩相关的改进 Download PDF

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CN106515712B
CN106515712B CN201610806911.2A CN201610806911A CN106515712B CN 106515712 B CN106515712 B CN 106515712B CN 201610806911 A CN201610806911 A CN 201610806911A CN 106515712 B CN106515712 B CN 106515712B
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controller
vehicle
electric
driver
pedal
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CN106515712A (zh
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克里斯·爱德华·派勒
大卫·赫斯科斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于在手动变速器车辆中提供电动滑移的***。车辆包含加速器踏板、制动踏板以及在正常操作下作为单独动力源的内燃发动机。用于提供电动滑移的***包含用于为车辆提供低速推动力的电动马达、配置为当电动滑移功能被激活时关闭内燃发动机的控制器；其中控制器还配置为仅基于制动踏板下压程度调整车辆的速度；以及其中控制器还配置为在加速器踏板或离合器踏板激活的情况下取消电动滑移功能。

Description

与滑移扭矩相关的改进
技术领域
本发明涉及与提供且控制滑移扭矩有关的改进，以及更具体地，涉及手动变速器车辆中滑移扭矩的配置。
背景技术
自动变速器的一个重要有益效果是具有在交通拥堵中简单地通过释放脚制动器向前滑移的能力。相反地，手动变速器车辆不得不在加速器踏板、制动踏板和离合器踏板的控制下向前缓慢地移动，这对于驾驶员很快会变得厌烦且从燃油经济性的观点也不是有效的。
这种情况下的燃油经济性问题已经由引入发动机起动-停止技术解决，发动机起动-停止技术通常需要发动机为了发动机停止处于空挡。因此，在具有起动-停止技术的手动变速器车辆中，用户不仅不得不用加速器、制动器和离合器控制前进运动，而且当车辆停止时不得不转换到空挡。从空挡到第一挡重复的转换、发动机的重复停止和起动以及操作加速器、制动器和离合器结合的要求造成了对于令驾驶员不满的体验。
此外，混合动力电动车辆(HEV)通常具有多种动力源，即内燃发动机和电动马达。电动马达的作用取决于混合动力车辆的类型而不同。
发明内容
针对此背景技术出现了本发明。
根据本发明，提供一种用于在包含加速器踏板和制动踏板的手动变速器车辆中提供电动滑移的***，车辆同样设置有正常操作下作为单一动力源的内燃发动机，该***包含：用于为车辆提供低速推动力的电动马达、配置为当电动滑移功能被激活时关闭内燃发动机的控制器；其中控制器还配置为仅基于制动踏板的下压程度调整车辆速度；以及其中控制器还配置为在加速器踏板和离合器踏板的激活的情况下取消电动滑移功能。
***还包含配置为起动电动滑移的控制按钮。在挡位选择由变速杆控制的手动变速器车辆中，电动滑移控制按钮可以设置在变速杆上。
用于起动电动滑移的简单专用按钮的配置确保了驾驶员在所有时间保持控制推进方式。所以，电动滑移不会被自动地起动。变速器杆上的按钮的配置对于驾驶员是直观的，这是由于在将会使用电动滑移功能的拥堵、停止/起动交通状况中将会需要变换挡位并且因此驾驶员的手无论如何将必然放在变速杆上。
控制器可以还配置为基于进一步用户动作取消电动滑移功能，该用户动作可以单独或组合地包含一个或多个下面的动作：驾驶员安全带的解开、驾驶员车门的打开和压下变速杆上的专用按钮。
控制器还可以配置为如果电池的电量水平到达预定阈值水平则取消电动滑移功能，即电池电量足够低到电动功能使用的持续会导致可能包括起动马达的电机的功能丧失。
在有些情况下，对于驾驶员来说通过加速器或离合器的下压来取消电动滑移是不方便的。例如，如果驾驶员需要离开车辆或者照顾后座乘客，重要的是车辆不会仅因为制动器没有被压下而意外地继续滑移。作为故障安全操作方案的一部分，电动滑移设备可以配置为基于其他关键指示而取消，其他关键指示是驾驶员从驾驶位置离开的指示。
电动马达配置为提供前进和后退方向的低速推动力。控制按钮可配置为使驾驶员能够选择前进或后退滑移。这个附加功能允许当停车的时候电动滑移的使用。
电动马达可以连接到变速器输出轴。
此外，根据本发明，提供一种在手动变速器混合动力车辆中用于提供电动滑移的控制器，该手动变速器混合动力车辆包含内燃发动机和电动马达/发电机且配置为由加速器踏板、制动踏板和离合器踏板控制，控制器配置为：当电动滑移功能被激活时关闭内燃发动机，仅基于制动踏板下压的程度调整车辆速度，在加速器踏板激活的情况下取消滑移功能，以及基于一个或多个进一步动作取消滑移功能。
进一步动作可以是离合器踏板的下压、驾驶员的安全带的解开、驾驶员车门的打开或专用按钮的激活。
手动变速器车辆上电动滑移的配置旨在提供一种具有自动车辆的优势而没有在燃油经济性上伴随减少和成本上增加的车辆。由用于起动-停止交通状况的制动器调节来简单地控制的低速车辆推进配置是自动变速器的一个主要有益效果。
电动滑移提供一种用于车辆的低速电动推进的手段且当变速器处于空挡且发动机自动停止时电动滑移可以被激活。车辆的移动仅由制动踏板的调整控制。
电动滑移功能可以通过压下位于变速杆上的控制按钮起动。这是一个用于这样按钮的可行位置，这是由于为了电动滑移功能被激活车辆必须被设置为空挡且因此驾驶员的手必然在变速杆上且因此能够容易地压下按钮。
压下加速器踏板或离合器踏板将会取消电动滑移功能且根据车载的起动-停止***来重新起动发动机且因此能够使车辆能够常规的驾驶。
在某些情况下，尽管存在退出电动滑移模式的需要，加速器踏板或离合器踏板不会被压下。如果驾驶员离开车辆或者至少离开驾驶位置，这种情况可能出现。因此，电动滑移功能可以设置有包括变速杆上电动滑移按钮的进一步下压、驾驶员安全带的解开或驾驶员车门的打开的进一步取消途径。
此外，提供电动滑移的马达可以配置为提供车辆向前或向后移动。这意味着，除了在需要车辆做出大量较小、低速移动以赶上交通的向前滑移的拥堵交通中***的主要使用，***可以同样被部署用以帮助车辆停车。向前或向后运动的配置可以完全在电动马达的动力下而不用来自车辆发动机的任何帮助下使车辆停车。当车辆停在例如车库的建筑物内部时这是非常有益的，因此发动机烟不会弥漫进建筑物。
为了帮助向前或后退运动的选择，变速杆上的按钮可以具有摇杆或滑动功能以使用户能够选择向前或后退运动。这个开关应该设置为默认向前运动，因为这是***的主要用途。
用于提供电动滑移的电机或马达会具有10KW范围内的额定功率且连接到变速器输出轴。电机可以是轻度混合动力设备的部分，同样提供能量回收、负载转移和发动辅助。
附图说明
以下仅通过举例的方式并结合附图现进一步且更具体地说明本发明；
图1图示地显示了本发明实施例的组成部分；
图2显示了电动滑移进入情况；
图3显示了电动滑移退出情况；以及
图4A-4F图示地显示了本发明可以实施的六个不同手动变速器配置。
具体实施方式
图1显示了构成本发明的***10的部分的组件。***10实施在动力传动***控制模块40中。动力传动***控制模块40配置为接收来自位于车辆周围不同位置的若干传感器的数据。接收自一些传感器的数据可以由动力传动***控制模块40使用，以实施电动滑移功能。
加速器踏板位置传感器21、制动踏板位置传感器22和离合器踏板或离合器位置传感器23提供各踏板下压程度的指示数据。尽管传感器提供的数据将包括指示各踏板下压程度的数据，电动滑移***10仅需要显示是否有踏板的任何下压的数据的子集。
变速箱位置传感器24提供关于变速杆位置的数据，尤其是变速杆是否处于空挡位置。
提供一种eCreep(electric creep，电动滑移)驾驶员控制开关25。其可以是含“打开”和“关闭”位置的二元开关。或者，可以是含“向前”、“倒退”和“关闭”位置的摇杆式开关。
而且，传感器26核对指示驾驶员可能离开车辆的数据。这些传感器指示可以包括监测驾驶员安全带的接合的传感器和监测驾驶员车门的打开的传感器。
应当认识到加速器踏板传感器21、制动踏板传感器22和离合器踏板传感器23配置为为了模块正常功能提供数据到动力传动***控制模块40。而且，通常提供安全带接合传感器26，以提供驾驶员试图驾驶车辆却没扣住安全带的警告。在这些位置的附加传感器对于电动滑移***部署不是必须的。然而，动力传动***控制模块40必须配置为适当地接收和解译数据以用于电动滑移功能部署。
电动滑移功能的部署可以通过集成进车辆推进***的电动马达60完成。
动力传动***控制模块40还提供数据到eCreep驾驶员界面62。该界面62可以被实施为组合仪表板内的灯、指示器或信息。
此外，动力传动系控制模块40提供数据到配置为控制倒车灯的模块64。这确保当eCreep***部署在倒退方向时，车辆的倒车灯被部署为如同车辆在内燃发动机动力下倒退时的那样。
图2总结了eCreep***10的进入情况。变速杆34必须处于空挡位置，加速器踏板31和离合器踏板33必须完全被释放，即不再下压。这种配置导致自动停止功能39的起动。一旦内燃发动机已经自动停止，然后如果制动踏板32被压下且eCreep控制开关25被激活，车辆会进入eCreep模式。在此模式中，eCreep扭矩仅通过制动踏板的调整来控制。如果eCreep控制开关25包括向前和后退选项，然后滑移扭矩会根据开关25的位置移动车辆向前或后退。
图3总结了用于eCreep***10的退出情况。如果任何一个下述情况发生，***10会被取消：移动变速杆34离开空挡位置、加速器踏板31或离合器踏板33被压下、或者eCreep控制开关25被压下。如果控制开关25是具有三个位置(“向前”、“后退”和“关闭”)的滑动器或非锁住按钮，然后***10当按钮或滑动器移动到“关闭”位置时被取消。
图4A-4F显示可以实施本发明***10的六种不同手动变速器配置。在这些图示的每个中，内燃发动机被描述为一列的四个圆圈，实际提供具有活塞的气缸体的俯视图。其他组件是电机E/M、电池B、差速器或主减速器D、变速器T和起动马达S。
图4A显示了具有通过离合器从变速器和内燃发动机分离的电机E/M的双离合器配置。图4B显示了具有单独起动马达和电机E/M的单个离合器配置。
图4C显示了具有小型电机E/M的单个离合器配置。此配置优选地具有部分集成进变速器的电机。
图4D显示具有以行星齿轮或直接传动***的形式的第二变速器的配置。在这些***中，电机E/M配置为不需要独立起动马达。
图4E显示了安全带驱动集成起动发电机配置和图4F显示了曲轴集成起动发电机。
尽管本发明已经参照一个或多个实施例举例说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解本发明并不局限于所公开的实施例，在不背离由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的保护范围的条件下，可以构建替换实施例。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于在包含加速器踏板和制动踏板的手动变速器车辆中提供电动滑移的***，所述车辆还配置有在正常操作下作为单独动力源的内燃发动机，所述***包含：
电动马达，所述电动马达用于为所述车辆提供低速推动力，
控制器，所述控制器配置为当所述电动滑移模式被激活时关闭所述内燃发动机；
其中所述控制器还配置为仅基于所述制动踏板下压程度来调整所述车辆的速度；以及
其中所述控制器还配置为在离合器踏板下压的情况下取消所述电动滑移模式。
2.如权利要求1所述的***，还包含配置为起动所述电动滑移的控制按钮。
3.如权利要求2所述的***，其中所述手动变速器车辆内的挡位选择由变速杆控制，以及所述电动滑移控制按钮配置在所述变速杆上。
4.如权利要求1所述的***，其中所述控制器还配置为基于进一步用户动作取消所述电动滑移功能。
5.如权利要求4所述的***，其中所述进一步用户动作是驾驶员安全带的解开。
6.如权利要求4所述的***，其中所述进一步用户动作是驾驶员车门的打开。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的***，其中所述电动马达配置为提供在前进或后退方向上的低速推动力。
8.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的***，其中所述控制按钮配置为使驾驶员能够选择前进或后退滑移。
9.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的***，其中所述电动马达连接到变速器输出轴。
10.一种用于在手动变速器混合动力车辆中提供电动滑移的控制器，所述手动变速器混合动力车辆包含内燃发动机和电动马达/发电机且配置为由加速器踏板、制动踏板和离合器踏板控制，所述控制器配置为：
当所述电动滑移功能被激活时关闭所述内燃发动机；
仅基于所述制动踏板下压程度调整所述车辆的速度；
以及
基于所述离合器踏板的下压取消所述滑移功能。
11.如权利要求10所述的控制器，其中，所述控制器还配置为基于进一步用户动作取消所述滑移功能。
12.如权利要求11所述的控制器，其中所述进一步动作是驾驶员安全带的解开。
13.如权利要求11所述的控制器，其中所述进一步动作是驾驶员车门的打开。
14.如权利要求11所述的控制器，其中所述进一步动作是专用按钮的激活。
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US10293673B2 (en) 2019-05-21
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