CN106379874B - g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere - Google Patents

g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere Download PDF

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CN106379874B
CN106379874B CN201610856731.5A CN201610856731A CN106379874B CN 106379874 B CN106379874 B CN 106379874B CN 201610856731 A CN201610856731 A CN 201610856731A CN 106379874 B CN106379874 B CN 106379874B
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particle
nanosphere
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ground
acid solution
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CN106379874A (en
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申乾宏
王辉
杨辉
尤增宇
秦天
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/06Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
    • C01B21/0605Binary compounds of nitrogen with carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24Nitrogen compounds
    • B01J35/39
    • B01J35/51
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/04Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/30Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
    • C01P2004/32Spheres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12Surface area

Abstract

The present invention relates to field of semiconductor materials, it is desirable to provide a kind of g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere.Include: rich nitrogen presoma after heat treatment, product is ground to powdered granule, obtains g-C3N4Particle;It is redispersed in acid solution, ultrasonic treatment, which is placed in dark surrounds, to be stood;Washing, drying, are ground to powdered granule, obtain loose g-C after light yellow precipitate filtering3N4Particle;Ultrasonic disperse in its enriching ammonium hydroxide is obtained into dispersion, hydrothermal reaction kettle is transferred to and carries out hydro-thermal reaction;It is freeze-dried after hydro-thermal reaction, finally obtains g-C3N4Nanosphere.The present invention solves g-C3N4Be not easy compound problem with other materials, product dispersibility be made very well, can be made into after dispersion liquid carried out with other semiconductor materials it is compound;The g-C of preparation3N4Nanosphere has bigger serface and high-quantum efficiency, increases surface-active site, reduces g-C3N4The compound probability of light induced electron and hole, improves light-catalyzed reaction efficiency.

Description

g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of semiconductor materials, in particular to g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere.
Background technique
With the development of the social economy, energy shortage and environmental pollution are increasingly prominent, Photocatalitic Technique of Semiconductor is as solution Certainly the technological means of the great development prospect of the energy and environmental issue is paid attention to extensively by all circles.Class graphitic carbon nitride (g- C3N4) because of its special physicochemical properties, Solar use, in terms of show good application before Scape.However, bulk g-C3N4Due to higher electron-hole pair recombination rate, lower quantum efficiency, less absorption site and Active site causes photocatalysis efficiency not high, limits its extensive use.
In recent years, g-C3N4Nanosizing has become the important channel for improving its photocatalysis quantum efficiency.There is research to use double cyanogen Amine is successfully prepared the g-C that diameter is about 1 μm as presoma, by electrochemical method3N4Hollow sphere, this structure can make Multiple reflections occur in ball for light, its utilization rate to luminous energy is greatly improved.There is research using NaCl as template, passes through heat treatment Dicyandiamide successfully prepares the g-C of nanometer band structure3N4.The g-C for thering is research to prepare solid phase method3N4It is carried out at reflux with methanol Reason successfully prepares a length of 0.5~3 μm, the g-C that diameter is 100~150nm3N4Nanometer rods;Since photo-generated carrier can be Fast transfer in this structure, with original g-C3N4It compares, 1.5 and 2.0 have been respectively increased in photocatalytic activity and photocurrent response Times.There is research to improve solid phase method technique, continuous quickly shake is carried out to the crucible boat equipped with melamine using oscillator It swings, is successfully prepared the g-C with nano tube structure3N4.This method is not only simple and easy, but also can be avoided introducing impurity. It is tested and is found by Methyl blueness (MB), the g-C of nano tube structure3N4With excellent photocatalysis performance.Visible Under light irradiation, photocatalytic activity is than original g-C3N4Distinguish with P25 1.4 and 2.6 times high.There is research also by g-C3N4Water The ultrasonic treatment such as solution, acetone soln, ethanol solution, discovery g-C under the action of ultrasonic wave3N4Particle can effectively reduce, and Degraded formation of nanostructured.Especially under the action of alcoholic solution, ultra-thin g-C can be prepared3N4Nanometer chip architecture.Although super Photoresponse weakens after sound, and forbidden bandwidth becomes larger, but since nanometer sheet is conducive to the separation and transfer of photo-generated carrier, makes it Hydrogen generation efficiency is than initial g-C3N4About improve 10 times.In addition, researcher also passes through selection SiO2Core-shell structure copolymer nanosphere, illiteracy are de- Soil, anodised aluminium etc. are used as hard mould agent, have synthesized g-C3N4Hollow sphere, g-C3N4Nanometer sheet, g-C3N4The nanometers such as nanometer rods Structure;Wherein, the g-C of synthesis3N4Hollow sphere has loose surface topography, and catalysis produces hydrogen under the irradiation of monochromatic 420nm light Efficiency is up to 7.5%, and after 7 circulations, can still keep higher production hydrogen activity.
As it can be seen that being directed to current block g-C3N4The technical problem that existing quantum efficiency is low, photocatalytic activity is not high, passes through Morphological control preparation has the g-C of certain nanostructure3N4It is to solve the problems, such as this important means, and continue to develop new g- C3N4Morphological control method has become the hot spot of the current field technological innovation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome deficiency in the prior art, provide a kind of g-C3N4The system of nanosphere Preparation Method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, solution of the invention is:
A kind of g-C is provided3N4The preparation method of nanosphere, includes the following steps:
Step A: rich nitrogen presoma is placed in corundum boat, is heat-treated in tube furnace;After cooled to room temperature, Yellow polymerizate is ground to powdered granule, obtains g-C3N4Particle;
Wherein, the rich nitrogen presoma is one of cyanamide, dicyandiamide, melamine or a variety of;
Step B: by g-C3N4Particle is scattered in acid solution, is ultrasonically treated 3~5h;It is subsequently placed in dark surrounds and stands 1 ~6h, gets a yellowish precipitate object;After filtering, distilled water and dehydrated alcohol washing precipitate are successively used;Finally in 60 DEG C of dryings For 24 hours, light yellow precipitate is ground to powdered granule, obtains loose g-C3N4Particle;
Wherein, by the concentrated sulfuric acid, 1:3~3:1 is formulated acid solution by volume with concentrated nitric acid, g-C3N4Particle divides in acid solution Scattered mass percent concentration is 10~50%;
Step C: by loose g-C3N4Particle is added in the concentrated ammonia liquor that mass fraction is 28%, makes solid content 0.01wt%-0.2wt%;After ultrasonic disperse obtains dispersion, it is transferred to hydrothermal reaction kettle and carries out hydro-thermal reaction;Hydro-thermal reaction After will contain g-C3N4Ammonia spirit be freeze-dried, finally obtain g-C3N4Nanosphere.
In the present invention, in the step A, atmosphere is air when heat treatment, and control heating rate is 1.5~4 DEG C/min, guarantor Temperature is 450 DEG C~600 DEG C, and soaking time is 2~6h;
In the present invention, in the step A, grinding is using ball-milling technology, control condition are as follows: ratio of grinding media to material 70: 1, ball milling speed Rate 500 turns/min, Ball-milling Time 4h.
In the present invention, in the step C, hydrothermal temperature is 120 DEG C~200 DEG C, and the reaction time is 6h~for 24 hours;It is cold Being lyophilized dry is realized using freeze drier, and controlling its shelf temperature is -30 DEG C~-60 DEG C, vacuum degree 1Pa, freeze-drying Time is 18~36h.
Realization principle of the invention:
The present invention is by sulfuric acid and nitric acid to g-C3N4Block particle is protonated, and loose g-C is obtained3N4Particle;So Afterwards under hydrothermal conditions, using high concentration ammonium hydroxide to g-C3N4The dissociation of particle network structure, and utilize Freeze Drying Technique By dissociating product fast and stable and ammonium hydroxide is removed, obtains required g-C3N4Nanosphere.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, g-C is solved3N4It is not easy compound problem with other materials, is prepared for the good g-C of dispersibility3N4Nanosphere, It can be made into certain density dispersion liquid, it is compound convenient for being carried out with other semiconductor materials;
2, the g-C prepared3N4Nanosphere has bigger serface and high-quantum efficiency, increases surface-active site, reduces G-C3N4The compound probability of light induced electron and hole, improves light-catalyzed reaction efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is g-C3N4The transmission electron microscope photo of nanosphere.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail With reference to embodiment:
g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere, includes the following steps:
Step A: a certain amount of rich nitrogen presoma is placed in corundum boat, is heat-treated in tube furnace.Natural cooling To room temperature, yellow polymerizate is ground to powdered granule, obtains g-C3N4Particle.
Wherein, heating rate when heat treatment is 1.5~4 DEG C/min, and holding temperature is 450 DEG C~600 DEG C, soaking time For 2~6h, heat-treating atmosphere is air.
Step B: the g-C that will be obtained3N4It is scattered in prepared acid solution, and ultrasonic certain time, then places it in black Object is got a yellowish precipitate after standing a period of time in dark situation;Sediment is filtered, and successively uses distilled water and dehydrated alcohol Washing is finally dried for 24 hours at 60 DEG C, light yellow precipitate is ground to powdered granule, obtains loose g-C3N4Particle.
Wherein, it is 1:3~3:1, g-C that the ingredient of acid solution and proportion, which are the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid,3N4In acid solution The mass percent concentration of dispersion is 10~50%;Ultrasonic time is 3~5h;Time of repose is 1~6h in dark surrounds.
Step C: by loose g-C3N4Dispersion is obtained in the concentrated ammonia liquor that particle ultrasonic disperse is 28% to mass fraction And ultrasound;It is then transferred to hydrothermal reaction kettle and carries out hydro-thermal reaction;G-C will be contained after hydro-thermal reaction3N4Ammonia spirit into Row freeze-drying, finally obtains g-C3N4Nanosphere.
Wherein, loose g-C3N4Solid content of the particle in concentrated ammonia liquor system is 0.01wt%-0.2wt%;Hydro-thermal reaction temperature Degree is 120 DEG C~200 DEG C, and the reaction time is 6h~for 24 hours;Shelf temperature is -30 DEG C~-60 DEG C in freeze drier, vacuum degree For 1Pa, sublimation drying is 18~36h.
The following examples can make the professional technician of this profession that the present invention be more fully understood, but not with any side The formula limitation present invention.
G-C is successfully made by 8 embodiments respectively3N4The preparation method of nanosphere, the test data in each embodiment are shown in The following table 1.
1 embodiment tables of data of table
Finally, it should also be noted that the above enumerated are only specific embodiments of the present invention son.Obviously, the present invention is not It is limited to above embodiment, acceptable there are many deformations.Those skilled in the art can be straight from present disclosure All deformations for connecing export or associating, are considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere, which comprises the steps of:
Step A: rich nitrogen presoma is placed in corundum boat, is heat-treated in tube furnace;It, will be yellow after cooled to room temperature Color polymerizate is ground to powdered granule, obtains g-C3N4Particle;
Wherein, the rich nitrogen presoma is one of cyanamide, dicyandiamide, melamine or a variety of;
Step B: by g-C3N4Particle is scattered in acid solution, is ultrasonically treated 3 ~ 5h;It is subsequently placed in 1 ~ 6h of standing in dark surrounds, is obtained To light yellow precipitate;After filtering, distilled water and dehydrated alcohol washing precipitate are successively used;It, will finally in 60 DEG C of dry 24 h Light yellow precipitate is ground to powdered granule, obtains loose g-C3N4Particle;
Wherein, by the concentrated sulfuric acid, 1:3 ~ 3:1 is formulated acid solution by volume with concentrated nitric acid, g-C3N4What particle dispersed in acid solution Mass percent concentration is 10 ~ 50%;
Step C: by loose g-C3N4Particle is added in the concentrated ammonia liquor that mass fraction is 28%, makes solid content 0.01wt%- 0.2wt%;After ultrasonic disperse obtains dispersion, it is transferred to hydrothermal reaction kettle and carries out hydro-thermal reaction;G- will be contained after hydro-thermal reaction C3N4Ammonia spirit be freeze-dried, finally obtain g-C3N4Nanosphere;
Atmosphere is air when heat treatment, and control heating rate is 1.5 ~ 4 DEG C/min, and holding temperature is 450 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C, when heat preservation Between be 2 ~ 6h;
In the step C, hydrothermal temperature is 120 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C, and the reaction time is 6h ~ for 24 hours;Freeze-drying is to utilize freezing Drying machine realizes that controlling its shelf temperature is -30 DEG C ~ -60 DEG C, and vacuum degree is 1 Pa, and sublimation drying is 18 ~ 36 h.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein grinding is using ball-milling technology, control in the step A Condition are as follows: ratio of grinding media to material 70: 1, ball milling speed 500 turns/min, Ball-milling Time 4h.
CN201610856731.5A 2016-09-27 2016-09-27 g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere Active CN106379874B (en)

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CN107876074B (en) * 2017-10-20 2020-02-18 浙江大学 g-C3N4Preparation method of nanoparticle/flower-shaped BiOI composite material
CN107954405A (en) * 2017-11-22 2018-04-24 浙江大学 g-C3N4The preparation method of colloidal sol
CN108190849B (en) * 2017-12-28 2021-09-14 四川大学 Graphite phase carbon nitride nano particle and preparation method thereof
CN110148713B (en) * 2018-02-12 2021-02-05 澳门大学 Carbon-coated nitrogen-rich g-C3N4And anode material and preparation method thereof
CN109205580A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-15 青岛科技大学 A kind of method of ball milling removing graphite phase carbon nitride
CN109622013B (en) * 2018-12-07 2021-06-01 陕西科技大学 Graphite-like carbon nitride- (110) crystal face bismuth vanadate Z-type heterojunction photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN109734060B (en) * 2019-02-18 2020-12-25 东南大学 Carbon nitride nano material and preparation method and application thereof
CN110233271A (en) * 2019-05-24 2019-09-13 南京杰科丰环保技术装备研究院有限公司 A kind of carbon-based formic acid catalyst for preparing hydrogen of layered nitride and preparation method thereof
CN110813375B (en) * 2019-10-31 2022-08-05 湘潭大学 Preparation method and application of ultralong hollow chain spherical carbon nitride photocatalytic material
CN111203258A (en) * 2020-02-24 2020-05-29 上海电力大学 Photocatalyst S-C3N4Preparation method and application of

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