CN106379874A - Preparation method of g-C3N4 nanosphere - Google Patents

Preparation method of g-C3N4 nanosphere Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106379874A
CN106379874A CN201610856731.5A CN201610856731A CN106379874A CN 106379874 A CN106379874 A CN 106379874A CN 201610856731 A CN201610856731 A CN 201610856731A CN 106379874 A CN106379874 A CN 106379874A
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granule
nanosphere
particles
carrying
loose
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CN106379874B (en
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申乾宏
王辉
杨辉
尤增宇
秦天
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/06Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
    • C01B21/0605Binary compounds of nitrogen with carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24Nitrogen compounds
    • B01J35/39
    • B01J35/51
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/04Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/30Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
    • C01P2004/32Spheres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12Surface area

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of semiconductor materials and aims to provide a preparation method of a g-C3N4 nanosphere. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out heat treatment on a nitrogen-rich precursor, and grinding a product into powder particles so as to obtain g-C3N4 particles; dispersing the g-C3N4 particles in acid liquor, carrying out ultrasonic processing, and then standing in a dark environment; filtering faint yellow precipitates, then washing and drying, and grinding into powder particles so as to obtain loose g-C3N4 particles; adding the loose g-C3N4 particles into concentrated ammonia water, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion system, and then transferring to a hydrothermal reaction kettle to carry out hydrothermal reaction; and after hydrothermal reaction, carrying out freeze-drying to finally obtain the g-C3N4 nanosphere. The method provided by the invention solves the problem that g-C3N4 and other materials can not be easily compounded, and a prepared product has good dispersibility and can be prepared into dispersion liquid to be compounded with other semiconductor materials; the prepared g-C3N4 nanosphere has a large specific surface area and high quantum efficiency; surface active sites are increased; the compounding probability of g-C3N4 photo-induced electrons and holes is reduced; and the photocatalytic reaction efficiency is increased.

Description

g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of semiconductor materials, particularly to g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere.
Background technology
With the development of social economy, energy shortage and environmental pollution increasingly highlight, and Photocatalitic Technique of Semiconductor is as solution Certainly the technological means of the great development prospect of the energy and environmental issue are extensively paid attention to by all circles.Class graphitic carbon nitride (g- C3N4) because of its special physicochemical properties, before the aspects such as Solar use, environmental pollution improvement show good application Scape.However, block g-C3N4Due to higher electron-hole pair recombination rate, relatively low quantum efficiency, less absorption site and Avtive spot, leads to photocatalysis efficiency not high, limits it and extensively applies.
In recent years, g-C3N4Nanorize has become the important channel improving its photocatalysis quantum efficiency.There is research using double cyanogen Amine, as presoma, is successfully prepared, by electrochemical method, the g-C that diameter is about 1 μm3N4Hollow ball, this structure can make There are multiple reflections in light in ball, its utilization rate to luminous energy is greatly improved.There is research with NaCl as template, by heat treatment The g-C of nanometer band structure successfully prepared by dicyandiamide3N4.There is the g-C studying to solid phase method preparation3N4Carried out at backflow with methanol Reason, successfully prepares a length of 0.5~3 μm, the g-C of a diameter of 100~150nm3N4Nanometer rods;Because photo-generated carrier can be Fast transfer in this structure, with original g-C3N4Compare, its photocatalytic activity and photocurrent response have been respectively increased 1.5 and 2.0 Times.There is research that solid phase method technique is improved, using agitator, the crucible boat equipped with tripolycyanamide is continuously quickly shaken Swing, be successfully prepared the g-C with nano tube structure3N4.This method is not only simple, and it can be avoided that introduces impurity. Tested by Methyl blueness (MB) and find, the g-C of nano tube structure3N4There is excellent photocatalysis performance.Visible Under light irradiation, its photocatalytic activity is than original g-C3N4High 1.4 and 2.6 times respectively with P25.There is research also by g-C3N4Water The supersound process such as solution, acetone soln, ethanol solution, find g-C in the presence of ultrasound wave3N4Granule can effectively reduce, and Degraded formation of nanostructured.Especially in the presence of alcoholic solution, ultra-thin g-C can be prepared3N4Nanometer chip architecture.Although it is super After sound, photoresponse weakens, and energy gap becomes big, but due to nanometer sheet be conducive to the separation of photo-generated carrier with transfer so as to Hydrogen generation efficiency is than initial g-C3N4About improve 10 times.Additionally, research worker is also by selection SiO2Core-shell structure copolymer nanosphere, illiteracy are de- Soil, anodised aluminium etc., as hard mould agent, have synthesized g-C3N4Hollow ball, g-C3N4Nanometer sheet, g-C3N4The nanometers such as nanometer rods Structure;Wherein, the g-C of synthesis3N4Hollow ball has loose surface topography, and it is catalyzed product hydrogen effect under monochromatic 420nm light irradiation Rate is up to 7.5%, and after 7 circulations, still can keep higher product hydrogen activity.
It can be seen that, for current block g-C3N4The technical problem that quantum efficiency is low, photocatalytic activity is not high existing, passes through Morphological control preparation has the g-C of certain nanostructured3N4It is the important means solving this problem, and constantly develop new g- C3N4Morphological control method has become the focus of current this art innovation.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, provides a kind of g-C3N4The system of nanosphere Preparation Method.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the solution of the present invention is:
A kind of g-C is provided3N4The preparation method of nanosphere, comprises the steps:
Step A:Rich nitrogen presoma is placed in corundum boat, tube furnace carries out heat treatment;After naturally cooling to room temperature, Yellow polymerizate is ground to powdered granule, obtains g-C3N4Granule;
Wherein, described richness nitrogen presoma is one or more of cyanamide, dicyandiamide, tripolycyanamide;
Step B:By g-C3N4Granule is scattered in acid solution, supersound process 3~5h;Be subsequently placed in dark surrounds standing 1~ 6h, obtains light yellow precipitate;After filtration, use distilled water and absolute ethanol washing precipitate successively;Finally in 60 DEG C of dryings 24h, light yellow precipitate is ground to powdered granule, obtains loose g-C3N4Granule;
Wherein, acid solution is by concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid by volume 1:3~3:1 is formulated, g-C3N4Granule divides in acid solution Scattered mass percent concentration is 10~50%;
Step C:By loose g-C3N4It is in 28% strong aqua ammonia that granule adds mass fraction, makes the solid content be 0.01wt%-0.2wt%;After ultrasonic disperse obtains dispersion, it is transferred to hydrothermal reaction kettle and carries out hydro-thermal reaction;Hydro-thermal reaction After will contain g-C3N4Ammonia spirit carry out lyophilization, finally obtain g-C3N4Nanosphere.
In the present invention, in described step A, during heat treatment, atmosphere is air, and control heating rate is 1.5~4 DEG C/min, protects Temperature is 450 DEG C~600 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 2~6h;
In the present invention, in described step A, grinding is to adopt ball-milling technology, and control condition is:Ratio of grinding media to material 70: 1, ball milling speed 500 turns/min of rate, Ball-milling Time 4h.
In the present invention, in described step C, hydrothermal temperature is 120 DEG C~200 DEG C, and the response time is 6h~24h;Cold Lyophilizing is dry to be to be realized using freezer dryer, controls its shelf temperature to be -30 DEG C~-60 DEG C, and vacuum is 1Pa, lyophilization Time is 18~36h.
The present invention realizes principle:
The present invention passes through sulphuric acid and nitric acid to g-C3N4Block particle is protonated, and obtains loose g-C3N4Granule;So Afterwards under hydrothermal conditions, using high concentration ammonia to g-C3N4The dissociation of particle network structure, and utilize Freeze Drying Technique By dissociating product fast and stable and remove ammonia, obtain required g-C3N4Nanosphere.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1st, solve g-C3N4It is difficult compound problem with other materials, be prepared for the good g-C of dispersibility3N4Nanosphere, Can be made into and be there is certain density dispersion liquid, be easy to be combined with other semi-conducting materials;
2nd, the g-C of preparation3N4Nanosphere has bigger serface and high-quantum efficiency, increased surface activity site, reduces G-C3N4Light induced electron and the compound probability in hole, improve light-catalyzed reaction efficiency.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is g-C3N4The transmission electron microscope photo of nanosphere.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere, comprises the steps:
Step A:A certain amount of richness nitrogen presoma is placed in corundum boat, tube furnace carries out heat treatment.Natural cooling To room temperature, yellow polymerizate is ground to powdered granule, obtains g-C3N4Granule.
Wherein, heating rate during heat treatment is 1.5~4 DEG C/min, and holding temperature is 450 DEG C~600 DEG C, temperature retention time For 2~6h, heat-treating atmosphere is air.
Step B:By the g-C obtaining3N4It is scattered in the acid solution preparing, and ultrasonic certain time, then it is placed on black In dark situation, standing obtains light yellow precipitate after a period of time;Precipitate is filtered, and uses distilled water and dehydrated alcohol successively Washing, is finally dried 24h at 60 DEG C, and light yellow precipitate is ground to powdered granule, obtains loose g-C3N4Granule.
Wherein, the composition of acid solution and proportioning are 1 for the volume ratio of concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid:3~3:1, g-C3N4In acid solution Scattered mass percent concentration is 10~50%;Ultrasonic time is 3~5h;In dark surrounds, time of repose is 1~6h.
Step C:By loose g-C3N4Granule ultrasonic disperse to mass fraction be 28% strong aqua ammonia in obtain dispersion And it is ultrasonic;It is then transferred to hydrothermal reaction kettle and carry out hydro-thermal reaction;G-C will be contained after hydro-thermal reaction3N4Ammonia spirit enter Row lyophilization, finally obtains g-C3N4Nanosphere.
Wherein, loose g-C3N4Solid content in strong aqua ammonia system for the granule is 0.01wt%-0.2wt%;Hydro-thermal reaction temperature Spend for 120 DEG C~200 DEG C, the response time is 6h~24h;In freezer dryer, shelf temperature is -30 DEG C~-60 DEG C, vacuum For 1Pa, sublimation drying is 18~36h.
The following examples can make this professional professional and technical personnel that the present invention is more fully understood, but not with any side Formula limits the present invention.
G-C is successfully obtained by 8 embodiments respectively3N4The preparation method of nanosphere, the test data in each embodiment is shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1 embodiment tables of data
Last in addition it is also necessary to it is noted that listed above be only the present invention be embodied as example.Obviously, the present invention is not It is limited to above example, can also have many deformation.Those of ordinary skill in the art can be straight from present disclosure Connect all deformation derived or associate, be all considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of g-C3N4The preparation method of nanosphere is it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Step A:Rich nitrogen presoma is placed in corundum boat, tube furnace carries out heat treatment;After naturally cooling to room temperature, by Huang Color polymerizate is ground to powdered granule, obtains g-C3N4Granule;
Wherein, described richness nitrogen presoma is one or more of cyanamide, dicyandiamide, tripolycyanamide;
Step B:By g-C3N4Granule is scattered in acid solution, supersound process 3~5h;It is subsequently placed in standing 1~6h in dark surrounds, Obtain light yellow precipitate;After filtration, use distilled water and absolute ethanol washing precipitate successively;Finally 24h is dried at 60 DEG C, will Light yellow precipitate is ground to powdered granule, obtains loose g-C3N4Granule;
Wherein, acid solution is by concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated nitric acid by volume 1:3~3:1 is formulated, g-C3N4Granule is scattered in acid solution Mass percent concentration is 10~50%;
Step C:By loose g-C3N4It is in 28% strong aqua ammonia that granule adds mass fraction, makes solid content be 0.01wt%- 0.2wt%;After ultrasonic disperse obtains dispersion, it is transferred to hydrothermal reaction kettle and carries out hydro-thermal reaction;To contain after hydro-thermal reaction g-C3N4Ammonia spirit carry out lyophilization, finally obtain g-C3N4Nanosphere.
2. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in described step A, during heat treatment, atmosphere is air, controls Heating rate is 1.5~4 DEG C/min, and holding temperature is 450 DEG C~600 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 2~6h.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step A, grinding is to adopt ball-milling technology, controls Condition is:Ratio of grinding media to material 70: 1,500 turns/min of ball milling speed, Ball-milling Time 4h.
4. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in described step C, hydrothermal temperature is 120 DEG C~200 DEG C, the response time is 6h~24h;Lyophilization is to be realized using freezer dryer, controls its shelf temperature to be -30 DEG C~-60 DEG C, vacuum is 1Pa, and sublimation drying is 18~36h.
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107876074A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-04-06 浙江大学 g‑C3N4The preparation method of nano particle/flower-shaped BiOI composites
CN107954405A (en) * 2017-11-22 2018-04-24 浙江大学 g-C3N4The preparation method of colloidal sol
CN108190849A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-22 四川大学 A kind of graphite phase carbon nitride nanoparticle and preparation method thereof
CN109205580A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-15 青岛科技大学 A kind of method of ball milling removing graphite phase carbon nitride
CN109622013A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-16 陕西科技大学 One type graphite phase carbon nitride-(110) crystal face pucherite Z-type heterojunction photocatalyst and its preparation method and application
CN109734060A (en) * 2019-02-18 2019-05-10 东南大学 Azotized carbon nano material and its preparation method and application
CN110148713A (en) * 2018-02-12 2019-08-20 澳门大学 A kind of carbon-coated richness nitrogen g-C3N4 and negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN110233271A (en) * 2019-05-24 2019-09-13 南京杰科丰环保技术装备研究院有限公司 A kind of carbon-based formic acid catalyst for preparing hydrogen of layered nitride and preparation method thereof
CN110813375A (en) * 2019-10-31 2020-02-21 湘潭大学 Preparation method and application of ultralong hollow chain spherical carbon nitride photocatalytic material
CN111203258A (en) * 2020-02-24 2020-05-29 上海电力大学 Photocatalyst S-C3N4Preparation method and application of

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107876074B (en) * 2017-10-20 2020-02-18 浙江大学 g-C3N4Preparation method of nanoparticle/flower-shaped BiOI composite material
CN107876074A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-04-06 浙江大学 g‑C3N4The preparation method of nano particle/flower-shaped BiOI composites
CN107954405A (en) * 2017-11-22 2018-04-24 浙江大学 g-C3N4The preparation method of colloidal sol
CN108190849A (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-22 四川大学 A kind of graphite phase carbon nitride nanoparticle and preparation method thereof
CN108190849B (en) * 2017-12-28 2021-09-14 四川大学 Graphite phase carbon nitride nano particle and preparation method thereof
CN110148713B (en) * 2018-02-12 2021-02-05 澳门大学 Carbon-coated nitrogen-rich g-C3N4And anode material and preparation method thereof
CN110148713A (en) * 2018-02-12 2019-08-20 澳门大学 A kind of carbon-coated richness nitrogen g-C3N4 and negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN109205580A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-15 青岛科技大学 A kind of method of ball milling removing graphite phase carbon nitride
CN109622013A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-16 陕西科技大学 One type graphite phase carbon nitride-(110) crystal face pucherite Z-type heterojunction photocatalyst and its preparation method and application
CN109622013B (en) * 2018-12-07 2021-06-01 陕西科技大学 Graphite-like carbon nitride- (110) crystal face bismuth vanadate Z-type heterojunction photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN109734060A (en) * 2019-02-18 2019-05-10 东南大学 Azotized carbon nano material and its preparation method and application
CN109734060B (en) * 2019-02-18 2020-12-25 东南大学 Carbon nitride nano material and preparation method and application thereof
CN110233271A (en) * 2019-05-24 2019-09-13 南京杰科丰环保技术装备研究院有限公司 A kind of carbon-based formic acid catalyst for preparing hydrogen of layered nitride and preparation method thereof
CN110813375A (en) * 2019-10-31 2020-02-21 湘潭大学 Preparation method and application of ultralong hollow chain spherical carbon nitride photocatalytic material
CN110813375B (en) * 2019-10-31 2022-08-05 湘潭大学 Preparation method and application of ultralong hollow chain spherical carbon nitride photocatalytic material
CN111203258A (en) * 2020-02-24 2020-05-29 上海电力大学 Photocatalyst S-C3N4Preparation method and application of

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