CN106305517A - 一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，具体方法如下：（1）养殖池的选择和处理；（2）鱼种的投放和处理；（3）饵料投喂。本发明在鱼种投放前使用沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷和五味子提取物的混合物对养殖池进行杀菌消毒，能够有效杀灭养殖池中含有的病菌和微生物，降低鱼体的病菌感染率；在鱼种投放前，用本发明的浸泡液对鱼体进行浸泡，使得草鱼赤皮病病害率降低至2.4%~2.9%、相对普通养殖方法降低12.3%~12.8%；使用本发明的饵料对草鱼进行投喂，其中草药的有效成分海藻粉、碱木质素和马尾藻粉复配作用，使得鲫鱼肠炎病病害率降低至1.9%~2.4%、相对普通养殖方法降低11.2%~11.7%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，尤其是一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法。
背景技术
草鱼，肉质肥嫩、肉味鲜美、骨刺少，含有维生素B1、B2、烟酸、不饱和脂肪酸以及钙、磷、铁、锌、硒等；草鱼味甘性温，有平肝、祛风、泊痹、暖胃、中平肝、祛风等功能，是温中补虚的养生食品；草鱼有抗衰老、养颜的功效，可以防治肿瘤；草鱼含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸，对血液循环有利，是心血管病人的良好食物；草鱼含有丰富的硒元素，经常食用有抗衰老、养颜的功效，而且对肿瘤也有一定的防治作用。
营养价值如此丰富的草鱼广受欢迎，但是在草鱼的生长过程中会发生赤皮病和绿肝病，不但导致鱼的肉质和口感受到极大的影响，而且极大提高了草鱼的死亡率；因此，发明一种能够有效降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，能够有效降低草鱼赤皮病病害率和绿肝病病害率，赤皮病病害率降低至2.4%~2.9%、相对普通养殖方法降低12.3%~12.8%，绿肝病病害率降低至1.9%~2.4%、相对普通养殖方法降低11.2%~11.7%。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，具体方法如下：
（1）养殖池的选择和处理
5月下旬，选择面积为7~8亩、池深为3.0~3.2m、淤泥厚度为0.16~0.18m的池塘作为养殖池，用抽泵机抽去养殖池的水至水深为0.06~0.08m，每亩水面均匀撒入沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷和五味子提取物的混合物290~310g深翻淤泥0.16~0.18m，在阳光下暴晒6~8天，注入水使养殖池水深为2.5~2.7m；
（2）鱼种的投放和处理
将重量为170~190g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的草鱼鱼种，重量为45~50g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲫鱼鱼种，重量为130~140g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲢鱼鱼种投放到养殖池，草鱼鱼种的投放量为400~450尾/亩、鲫鱼鱼种的投放量为90~110尾/亩、鲢鱼鱼种的投放量为20~30尾/亩；所述的草鱼鱼种，在投放到养殖池之前先用无菌水清洗2次，然后用浸泡液浸泡24~26min；
所述的浸泡液，按以下步骤进行制备：将重量份为0.4~0.6份的小茴香提取物、重量份为1.5~1.7份的榆绣线菊提取物和重量份为1.9~2.1份的胶东卫矛提取物投入到重量份为6700~6900份的水中煎煮，室温自然冷却至温度为44~46℃，加入重量份为2.6~2.8份的大环内酯类抗生素混合搅拌均匀，得浸泡液；
（3）饵料投喂
向养殖池中投放饵料，在鱼种投放6天内，饵料的日投放量为草鱼体重的2.1%~2.3%，每日投放5次；在鱼种投放6天后，饵料的投放量为草鱼体重的1.7%~1.9%，每日投放3次，直至捕获。
作为发明进一步的方案：步骤（1）所述的沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷、五味子提取物的重量比为（0.6~0.8）：（1.4~1.6）：（2.1~2.3）。
作为发明进一步的方案：步骤（3）所述的饵料，由以下重量份的原料制成：骨粉18~20份、花生粕40~45份、新鲜竹叶22~24份、海藻粉7~9份、碱木质素2~3份、马尾藻粉4~5份、红三七0.34~0.36份、扯根菜0.23~0.25份、赶黄草0.16~0.18份、葛花0.41~0.43份、肺形草0.27~0.29份。
作为发明进一步的方案：本发明所使用的红三七、扯根菜、赶黄草、葛花和肺形草的含量均以干重重量计。
本发明的有益效果：本发明提供的一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，在鱼种投放前使用沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷和五味子提取物的混合物对养殖池进行杀菌消毒，能够有效杀灭养殖池中含有的病菌和微生物，降低鱼体的病菌感染率；在鱼种投放前，用本发明的浸泡液对鱼体进行浸泡，使得草鱼赤皮病病害率降低至2.4%~2.9%、相对普通养殖方法降低12.3%~12.8%；使用本发明的饵料对草鱼进行投喂，其中草药的有效成分海藻粉、碱木质素和马尾藻粉复配作用，使得鲫鱼肠炎病病害率降低至1.9%~2.4%、相对普通养殖方法降低11.2%~11.7%。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明，但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明实施例中，一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，具体方法如下：
（1）养殖池的选择和处理
5月下旬，选择面积为7亩、池深为3.0m、淤泥厚度为0.16m的池塘作为养殖池，用抽泵机抽去养殖池的水至水深为0.06m，每亩水面均匀撒入沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷和五味子提取物的混合物290g深翻淤泥0.16m，在阳光下暴晒6天，注入水使养殖池水深为2.5m；
（2）鱼种的投放和处理
将重量为170g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的草鱼鱼种，重量为45g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲫鱼鱼种，重量为130g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲢鱼鱼种投放到养殖池，草鱼鱼种的投放量为400尾/亩、鲫鱼鱼种的投放量为90尾/亩、鲢鱼鱼种的投放量为20尾/亩；所述的草鱼鱼种，在投放到养殖池之前先用无菌水清洗2次，然后用浸泡液浸泡24min；
所述的浸泡液，按以下步骤进行制备：将重量份为0.4份的小茴香提取物、重量份为1.5份的榆绣线菊提取物和重量份为1.9份的胶东卫矛提取物投入到重量份为6700份的水中煎煮，室温自然冷却至温度为44℃，加入重量份为2.6份的大环内酯类抗生素混合搅拌均匀，得浸泡液；
（3）饵料投喂
向养殖池中投放饵料，在鱼种投放6天内，饵料的日投放量为草鱼体重的2.1%，每日投放5次；在鱼种投放6天后，饵料的投放量为草鱼体重的1.7%，每日投放3次，直至捕获。
作为发明进一步的方案：步骤（1）所述的沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷、五味子提取物的重量比为0.6：1.4：2.1。
作为发明进一步的方案：步骤（3）所述的饵料，由以下重量份的原料制成：骨粉18份、花生粕40份、新鲜竹叶22份、海藻粉7份、碱木质素2份、马尾藻粉4份、红三七0.34份、扯根菜0.23份、赶黄草0.16份、葛花0.41份、肺形草0.27份。
实施例2
本发明实施例中，一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，具体方法如下：
（1）养殖池的选择和处理
5月下旬，选择面积为7.5亩、池深为3.1m、淤泥厚度为0.17m的池塘作为养殖池，用抽泵机抽去养殖池的水至水深为0.07m，每亩水面均匀撒入沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷和五味子提取物的混合物300g深翻淤泥0.17m，在阳光下暴晒7天，注入水使养殖池水深为2.6m；
（2）鱼种的投放和处理
将重量为180g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的草鱼鱼种，重量为48g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲫鱼鱼种，重量为135g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲢鱼鱼种投放到养殖池，草鱼鱼种的投放量为430尾/亩、鲫鱼鱼种的投放量为100尾/亩、鲢鱼鱼种的投放量为25尾/亩；所述的草鱼鱼种，在投放到养殖池之前先用无菌水清洗2次，然后用浸泡液浸泡25min；
所述的浸泡液，按以下步骤进行制备：将重量份为0.5份的小茴香提取物、重量份为1.6份的榆绣线菊提取物和重量份为2.0份的胶东卫矛提取物投入到重量份为6800份的水中煎煮，室温自然冷却至温度为45℃，加入重量份为2.7份的大环内酯类抗生素混合搅拌均匀，得浸泡液；
（3）饵料投喂
向养殖池中投放饵料，在鱼种投放6天内，饵料的日投放量为草鱼体重的2.2%，每日投放5次；在鱼种投放6天后，饵料的投放量为草鱼体重的1.8%，每日投放3次，直至捕获。
作为发明进一步的方案：步骤（1）所述的沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷、五味子提取物的重量比为0.7：1.5：2.2。
作为发明进一步的方案：步骤（3）所述的饵料，由以下重量份的原料制成：骨粉19份、花生粕43份、新鲜竹叶23份、海藻粉8份、碱木质素2.5份、马尾藻粉4.5份、红三七0.35份、扯根菜0.24份、赶黄草0.17份、葛花0.42份、肺形草0.28份。
实施例3
本发明实施例中，一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，具体方法如下：
（1）养殖池的选择和处理
5月下旬，选择面积为8亩、池深为3.2m、淤泥厚度为0.18m的池塘作为养殖池，用抽泵机抽去养殖池的水至水深为0.08m，每亩水面均匀撒入沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷和五味子提取物的混合物310g深翻淤泥0.18m，在阳光下暴晒8天，注入水使养殖池水深为2.7m；
（2）鱼种的投放和处理
将重量为190g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的草鱼鱼种，重量为50g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲫鱼鱼种，重量为140g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲢鱼鱼种投放到养殖池，草鱼鱼种的投放量为450尾/亩、鲫鱼鱼种的投放量为110尾/亩、鲢鱼鱼种的投放量为30尾/亩；所述的草鱼鱼种，在投放到养殖池之前先用无菌水清洗2次，然后用浸泡液浸泡26min；
所述的浸泡液，按以下步骤进行制备：将重量份为0.6份的小茴香提取物、重量份为1.7份的榆绣线菊提取物和重量份为2.1份的胶东卫矛提取物投入到重量份为6700份的水中煎煮，室温自然冷却至温度为46℃，加入重量份为2.8份的大环内酯类抗生素混合搅拌均匀，得浸泡液；
（3）饵料投喂
向养殖池中投放饵料，在鱼种投放6天内，饵料的日投放量为草鱼体重的2.3%，每日投放5次；在鱼种投放6天后，饵料的投放量为草鱼体重1.9%，每日投放3次，直至捕获。
作为发明进一步的方案：步骤（1）所述的沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷、五味子提取物的重量比为0.8：1.6：2.3。
作为发明进一步的方案：步骤（3）所述的饵料，由以下重量份的原料制成：骨粉20份、花生粕45份、新鲜竹叶24份、海藻粉9份、碱木质素3份、马尾藻粉5份、红三七0.36份、扯根菜0.25份、赶黄草0.18份、葛花0.43份、肺形草0.29份。
使用本实施例降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法与对比例的草鱼普通养殖方法对草鱼进行养殖，统计其赤皮病病害率和绿肝病病害率，实验对比结果如下表：
表1 实施例和对比例的对比结果
| 实施例组1 | 实施例组2 | 实施例组3 | 对比例组 | |
| 赤皮病病害率（%） | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 15.2 |
| 绿肝病病害率（%） | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 13.6 |
从表1可以看出，本发明的草鱼养殖方法能够有效降低草鱼赤皮病病害率和绿肝病病害率，赤皮病病害率为2.4%~2.9%、相对普通养殖方法降低12.3%~12.8%，绿肝病病害率为1.9%~2.4%、相对普通养殖方法降低11.2%~11.7%。
Claims (3)
1.一种降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，其特征在于，具体方法如下：
（1）养殖池的选择和处理
5月下旬，选择面积为7~8亩、池深为3.0~3.2m、淤泥厚度为0.16~0.18m的池塘作为养殖池，用抽泵机抽去养殖池的水至水深为0.06~0.08m，每亩水面均匀撒入沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷和五味子提取物的混合物290~310g深翻淤泥0.16~0.18m，在阳光下暴晒6~8天，注入水使养殖池水深为2.5~2.7m；
（2）鱼种的投放和处理
将重量为170~190g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的草鱼鱼种，重量为45~50g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲫鱼鱼种，重量为130~140g/尾、无损伤、无病害、生长健壮的鲢鱼鱼种投放到养殖池，草鱼鱼种的投放量为400~450尾/亩、鲫鱼鱼种的投放量为90~110尾/亩、鲢鱼鱼种的投放量为20~30尾/亩；所述的草鱼鱼种，在投放到养殖池之前先用无菌水清洗2次，然后用浸泡液浸泡24~26min；
所述的浸泡液，按以下步骤进行制备：将重量份为0.4~0.6份的小茴香提取物、重量份为1.5~1.7份的榆绣线菊提取物和重量份为1.9~2.1份的胶东卫矛提取物投入到重量份为6700~6900份的水中煎煮，室温自然冷却至温度为44~46℃，加入重量份为2.6~2.8份的大环内酯类抗生素混合搅拌均匀，得浸泡液；
（3）饵料投喂
向养殖池中投放饵料，在鱼种投放6天内，饵料的日投放量为草鱼体重的2.1%~2.3%，每日投放5次；在鱼种投放6天后，饵料的投放量为草鱼体重的1.7%~1.9%，每日投放3次，直至捕获。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）所述的沙棘黄酮、金丝桃苷、五味子提取物的重量比为（0.6~0.8）：（1.4~1.6）：（2.1~2.3）。
3.根据权利要求 1 所述的降低草鱼赤皮病和绿肝病的养殖方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）所述的饵料，由以下重量份的原料制成：骨粉18~20份、花生粕40~45份、新鲜竹叶22~24份、海藻粉7~9份、碱木质素2~3份、马尾藻粉4~5份、红三七0.34~0.36份、扯根菜0.23~0.25份、赶黄草0.16~0.18份、葛花0.41~0.43份、肺形草0.27~0.29份。
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Application publication date: 20170111 |