CN105922572B

CN105922572B - A kind of plasma 3D printing device and method

Info

Publication number: CN105922572B
Application number: CN201510788880.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 华云峰
Original assignee: Sinoadditive Manufacturing Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: BICHENG (BEIJING) TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
Priority date: 2015-11-17
Filing date: 2015-11-17
Publication date: 2018-05-11
Anticipated expiration: 2035-11-17
Also published as: CN105922572A

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of plasma 3D printing device and method, which is made of monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and print platform；Plasma beam system of processing is made of plasma generator, printing distance adjusting means, feeder and the powder feeder that distance between spray outlet and horizontal stamp pad is adjusted for being provided with nozzle；Monitoring system includes position adjustment controller, temperature detecting unit, distance detection unit and printing and forms temperature control device apart from adjustment control device with printing apart from adjustment control device, temperature detecting unit；The method comprising the steps of：First, workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be printed obtains and hierarchy slicing is handled；2nd, scanning pattern is filled；3rd, printing path obtains；4th, successively print from the bottom to top.Reasonable, the easy to operate and shaping efficiency of present invention design is high, using effect is good, without closed molding room, and protective atmosphere or vacuum environment is not required, workpiece shaping process directly carries out under atmospheric environment.

Description

A kind of plasma 3D printing device and method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rapid shaping technique field, more particularly, to a kind of plasma 3D printing device and method.

Background technology

At present, domestic and international metal parts rapid shaping technique is mainly precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology (Selective laser melting, SLM).Such as United States Patent (USP) " the PROCESS AND of Patent No. US7047098 One is described in detail in DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A SHAPED BODY BY SELECTIVE LASER MELTING " Kind manufactures the precinct laser fusion manufacturing process and its equipment of fine and close part using three-dimensional digital model.Publication No. CN The Chinese invention patent " the directly precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of manufacture heavy parts " of 102266942A discloses one Kind directly manufactures the precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment of large compact part, which mainly includes laser array, light Learn systems array, moulding cylinder, the three-dimensional heat stepwise insulation construction of moulding cylinder, moulding cylinder weight balancing system, substrate leveling dress Put, double recovery tanks, double storage powder casees, double quantitative powder feedings and powder discharging device, power spreading device, protective atmosphere cover, gas purge system, control System processed etc..A kind of Chinese invention patent " Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting rapid shaping side of Publication No. CN1603031A Method and its device " discloses a kind of Metal Part by Selective Laser Melting quick molding method and its device, which includes partly leading Body LD pumped YAG lasers or optical fiber laser, light beam focusing system, molded part cylinder and powder cylinder, semiconductor pumped YAG laser Or optical fiber laser is connected with light beam focusing system, and focus on scanning in molded part cylinder, molded part cylinder by powdering roller with Powder cylinder is connected, and powdering roller is connected with driving motor, and driving motor is connected with computer.Publication No. The Chinese invention patent " mobile galvanometer selective laser melting SLM formers " of CN103071795A discloses a kind of movement and shakes Mirror selective laser melting SLM formers, the equipment are included by communication line with the X-axis straight-line electric for carrying cross slide way group The digital control system that machine is connected with the Y-axis linear motor of longitudinal rail group, X-axis linear motor and Y-axis linear motor are constituted and swept Driving structure is retouched, which is drivingly connected with laser bundle-enlarging collimation microscope group, and laser bundle-enlarging collimation microscope group bottom is caught in Galvanometer unit, is provided with shaping work package below galvanometer unit, is provided between shaping work package and galvanometer unit Inert gas gas curtain.

The basic functional principle of precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment is：First on computers using Pro/e, UG, The 3D sculpting softwares such as CATIA design the three-dimensional entity model (i.e. three-dimensional stereo model) of part, then pass through Slice Software Hierarchy slicing is carried out to the threedimensional model, obtains the outline data in each section, filling scanning pattern is generated by outline data, in work Make the certain thickness powder of tiling in cylinder, according to the control of computer, laser beam is by way of vibration mirror scanning according to three-dimensional zero The slicing treatment result of component figure optionally melts fore-put powder layer；Then, working cylinder declines certain distance and spreads again Powder, laser beam complete the manufacture of next layer of parts under the drive of galvanometer again according to the 3-D graphic of parts；So weight The processes such as multiple powdering, scanning and working cylinder decline, so as to fulfill the manufacture of three-dimensional parts.

Nowadays, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology is primarily present following three aspects problem：

Firstth, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, to avoid in forming process The oxidation of metal parts.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding device structure complicated, and forming part size is restricted, energy Source laser device system price is high, and former is expensive.

Secondth, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs the moulding cylinder system of powdering.This makes precinct laser fusion fast Rapid-result type device structure is complicated, and not only forming part size is restricted, and shaping efficiency is relatively low.

3rd, in order to ensure part mechanical property, precinct laser fusion rapid molding technology needs the spherical of good fluidity Metal dust.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment operating cost very high.

In addition, there is electron beam rapid shaping technique in metal parts rapid shaping technique.Such as Publication No. The Chinese invention patent " electron beam electroforming rapid prototyping method and its equipment " of CN101545121A discloses a kind of electron beam electricity Cast quick molding method and its equipment, the equipment mainly include electron gun, metal plating material, XY worktable, Z axis lifting platform, Electroforming solution, computer and power supply etc., are obtained by the use of electron beam as electroforming cathode, the positive metal ion of electroforming solution by electron beam Electronics carries out lining deposition, and the threedimensional model of part is first generated by computer CAD system, then asks for part with hierarchy slicing software The cross sectional shape of CAD model, electron beam are scanned according to cross section information in electroforming solution, and electroforming solution carries out electricity at electron beam scanning Casting obtains part.A kind of Chinese invention patent " electron beam of no-welding-seam metal beehive component of Publication No. CN103273065A Selective melting forming method " discloses a kind of no-welding-seam metal beehive component electron beam selective melting forming method, this method bag Include following steps:First, the three-dimensional entity model of no-welding-seam metal beehive component is established；2nd, carry out cutting layer processing, obtain each layer and cut The cross section information of piece, each layer section are respectively 1# sections, 2# sections ..., n# sections；3rd, substrate and metal dust are put into electricity In beamlet rapidform machine；4th, pre- hot substrate；5th, 1# entity lamellas are prepared；6th, i# entity lamellas, i 2,3 ..., n are prepared； 7th, judge that scanning process terminates during i=n；8th, unformed powder is removed, obtains no-welding-seam metal beehive component.

But at present, Selected area electron beam rapid shaping technique is primarily present following three aspects problem：

Firstth, electron beam rapid shaping technique needs vacuum environment, to form energy source electron beam and avoid forming process The oxidation of middle metal parts.This makes electron beam rapid forming equipment complicated, and forming part size is restricted, former It is expensive.

Secondth, electron beam rapid shaping technique needs powdering system or moulding material feed system.This makes electron beam quick Former is complicated, and not only forming part size is restricted, and shaping efficiency is relatively low.

3rd, in order to ensure part mechanical property, electron beam rapid shaping technique needs the spherical metal powder of good fluidity End.This makes precinct laser fusion rapid molding equipment operating cost very high.

The content of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that provide a kind of plasma 3D Printing device, its is simple in structure, design is reasonable and it is easy to use, shaping efficiency is high, using effect is good, without closed shaping Room, and protective atmosphere or vacuum environment is not required, workpiece shaping process directly carries out under atmospheric environment.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of plasma 3D printing equipment, its feature It is：It is made of monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and print platform, the print platform includes supplying workpiece to be printed The horizontal stamp pad placed and the stamp pad position regulator being adjusted to the position of horizontal stamp pad, the horizontal printing Platform is installed on the stamp pad position regulator；

The plasma beam system of processing by be provided with nozzle and for produce beam-plasma plasma generator, Printing distance adjusting means that outlet to the nozzle is adjusted with the distance between horizontal stamp pad, be the plasma Body generator provides the feeder of working gas and for being continuously sent into printed material into the plasma generator Powder feeder forms, and the plasma generator is located above horizontal stamp pad and it is installed on the printing distance adjusting means On；The feeder is connected by air supply pipe with the air inlet opened on the plasma generator；The plasma The powder flow paths for printed material circulation, the powder flow paths and the plasma are provided with generator Communicated inside arc chamber in generator and it is connected with the air inlet, the external port of the powder flow paths is into powder Mouthful, the powder feeding mouth of the powder feeder is connected by powder feeding pipe with powder inlet；

The monitoring system include the stamp pad position regulator is controlled position adjustment controller, treat Between temperature detecting unit, the outlet to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad that printing workpiece surface temperature is detected in real time The distance detection unit that is detected in real time of distance and printing distance that the printing distance adjusting means are controlled adjust Controller is saved, the position adjustment controller is connected with the stamp pad position regulator, and the printing is apart from adjustment control Device is connected with the printing distance adjusting means, and the temperature detecting unit and distance detection unit are adjusted with printing distance and controlled Device connection processed；The temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing apart from adjustment control device.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The monitoring system, which further includes, sends out the plasma The detection of gas flow rate list that plasma generator controller that raw device is controlled, the gas flow to air supply pipe are detected in real time Member and the gas flow controller that is controlled of the flow control valve to being installed on air supply pipe, the plasma generator controller with The plasma generator connection, the detection of gas flow rate unit are connected with gas flow controller.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The plasma generator includes plasma gun, described Nozzle is the anode nozzle of plasma gun front end；The plasma gun include be provided with the air inlet gun body, positioned at gun body just The anode nozzle in front and the cathode being plugged in gun body, the anode nozzle are located on front side of cathode, and the arc chamber is positioned at the moon On front side of pole and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle, and the front inner of the anode nozzle is spout.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The anode nozzle, cathode and arc chamber are in gun body It is coaxial to lay；The powder flow paths are stretched in spout with the inclined laying of gun body and its front end, and the powder stream is all Road for straight channel and it include being laid in back side walkway in gun body and the front side channel being laid in anode nozzle.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The air inlet is located on rear side of gun body, the spout and rifle Body is laid in coaxial laying or with powder flow paths in coaxial.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The stamp pad position regulator is three-axis numerical control machine Bed；

Angle between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator produces is not more than 45°；The printing distance adjusting means are that the upper of adjustment up and down is carried out to the nozzle along the central axis of the beam-plasma Lower adjusting apparatus, the distance detection unit are to export to level from the nozzle to the central axis along the beam-plasma The distance detection device that the distance between stamp pad is detected in real time.

A kind of above-mentioned plasma 3D printing equipment, it is characterized in that：The powder feeder includes the shell that top is provided with feed inlet With the powder feeding wheel in the shell, the powder feeding wheel is driven by driving motor；The powder feeding mouth is positioned at described outer Shell lower part；

The monitoring system further include the powder mass flow detection unit that the powder feeding flow to powder feeding pipe detected in real time and The powder feeding flow controller being controlled to driving motor, the powder mass flow detection unit are connected with powder feeding flow controller.

Meanwhile invention additionally discloses a kind of method and step is simple, design rationally and realize convenient, using effect it is good etc. from Sub- 3D printing method, it is characterised in that：This method comprises the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be printed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and tune The three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece to be printed is obtained with image processing module, recalls hierarchy slicing module to the three of workpiece to be printed Tie up three-dimensional model and carry out hierarchy slicing, and obtain multiple layering cross-sectional images；

Multiple layering cross-sectional images are that acquisition is more after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece to be printed The image in a layering section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scanning pattern is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, in step 1 Multiple layering cross-sectional images are respectively processed, and complete the scanning pattern filling process in multiple layering sections, are obtained Obtain the scanning patterns in multiple layering sections；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is cut according to the multiple layerings obtained in step 2 The scanning pattern in face, obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with this The scanning pattern for being layered section is identical；

Step 4: successively print from the bottom to top：According to obtained in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths, Successively workpiece to be printed is printed from the bottom to top, obtains the finished workpart stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers； The quantity of the shape layer is identical with the quantity that section is layered described in step 1, the installation position difference of multiple shape layers With it is multiple it is described layering sections installation positions correspond and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer with it is two neighboring Layering the distance between the section is identical, in step 3 the printing path in multiple layering sections be respectively it is multiple it is described into The printing path of type layer；When being printed to workpiece to be printed, process is as follows：

Step 401, bottom printing：The position adjustment controller is according to current institute's printing shaping acquired in step 3 The printing path of layer, is controlled the stamp pad position regulator and drives horizontal stamp pad to move in the horizontal plane It is dynamic；In the horizontal stamp pad moving process, the plasma beam system of processing is by the interior plasma beam with molten melt drop Continuously it is sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad；After sprayed molten melt drop solidifies, the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed；

In this step, current institute's printing shaping layer is the shape layer for being located at bottommost in multiple shape layers；

Step 402, last layer printing, comprise the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：The position adjustment controller is by controlling the stamp pad position adjustment Device, the horizontal stamp pad in the vertical direction of drive are once moved down and move down height and the layer of the shape layer It is thick identical；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The position adjustment controller is according to current institute acquired in step 3 The printing path of printing shaping layer, is controlled the stamp pad position regulator and drives horizontal stamp pad in horizontal plane On moved；In the horizontal stamp pad moving process, the plasma beam system of processing by it is interior with molten melt drop etc. Ion beam current is continuously sprayed onto on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；Wait that sprayed molten melt drop solidifies Afterwards, the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed；

In this step, in the horizontal stamp pad moving process, by temperature detecting unit under currently printed The upper surface temperature of one shape layer carries out detection in real time and institute's detection temperature synchronizing information is sent to printing distance tune Controller is saved, while is examined in real time by the distance between outlet of the distance detection unit to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad Survey and by the range information synchronous driving detected to printing apart from adjustment control device；It is described printing apart from adjustment control device according to Temperature information that temperature detecting unit is detected and by control outlet of the printing distance adjusting means to the nozzle with The distance between horizontal stamp pad is adjusted, and makes the upper surface temperature of current printed next shape layer not high In 0.6 times of the material fusing point of workpiece to be printed；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal stamp pad moving process, the powder feeder is by the printed material Continuously send to the plasma generator, and be sent under the action of the working gas in the plasma generator Printed material be sent in the beam-plasma produced in the plasma generator and be molten into molten melt drop, the melting Drop is uniformly distributed in the beam-plasma, and forms the interior plasma beam with molten melt drop；

Step 403, be repeated several times step 402, until completing the print procedure of all shape layers of workpiece to be printed.

The above method, it is characterized in that：Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, data processing described in step 1 is set The material fusing point that basis pre-establishes standby first and printing range data storehouse, and combine and treated by what parameter input unit pre-entered The Material Name of workpiece is printed, the basis printing distance of workpiece to be printed is determined；The parameter input unit with it is described Data processing equipment connects；

The material fusing point and printing range information of various material are stored with the material fusing point and printing range data storehouse, The material fusing point and printing range information of every kind of material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material； The basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is nearer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is examined apart from adjustment control device according to distance detection unit The range information of survey and by control it is described printing distance adjusting means by the nozzle outlet horizontal stamp pad between Distance is adjusted to the basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad The distance between for it is described basis print distance；

Printed in step 4022 and synchronous temperature control before, the printing is single according to distance detection apart from adjustment control device The range information and the number that moves down of the horizontal stamp pad of combination that member is detected move down height with each, and pass through control The distance adjusting means that print are by the outlet of the nozzle and the upper surface of current printed next shape layer The distance between be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；To between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad in step 4022 When distance is adjusted, it is described print the temperature information that is detected apart from adjustment control device according to temperature detecting unit and combine away from It is adjusted from the distance between outlet of the range information that detection unit is detected to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad, makes to work as The upper surface temperature control of preceding printed next shape layer 0.1 times of material fusing point of workpiece to be printed~ Between 0.6 times；Also, when the distance between the outlet to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad are adjusted, amplitude of accommodation 5mm ~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

The above method, it is characterized in that：The powder feeder is provided with the shell of feed inlet and installed in the shell including top Interior powder feeding wheel, the powder feeding wheel are driven by driving motor；The powder feeding mouth is located at the outer casing underpart；The monitoring system System further includes the plasma generator controller being controlled to the plasma generator, the gas flow progress to air supply pipe The detection of gas flow rate unit detected in real time, the gas flow control being controlled to the flow control valve installed on air supply pipe The powder mass flow detection unit and the powder feeding being controlled to driving motor that device, the powder feeding flow to powder feeding pipe are detected in real time Flow controller, the plasma generator controller are connected with the plasma generator, the detection of gas flow rate unit It is connected with gas flow controller；The powder mass flow detection unit is connected with powder feeding flow controller；The distance detection is single Member is connected with gas flow controller；

Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the first basis of data processing equipment described in step 1 pre-establishes Gas and powder mass flow database, and with reference to the thickness of the shape layer set in advance, to the base gas flow of air supply pipe It is determined with the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe；

Gas and the powder mass flow databases contain powder feeding flow needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness and Base gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe is bigger, described Base gas flow is bigger；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal stamp pad moving process, the powder mass flow detection unit is to sending The powder feeding flow of tube cell carries out detection in real time and by institute's detection information synchronous driving to powder feeding flow controller, the powder feeding flow Controller is according to the powder feeding flow and combining powder flow detection unit institute's detection information of predetermined powder feeding pipe to driving electricity Machine is controlled, and makes the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe identical with predetermined powder feeding flow；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller is examined according to detection of gas flow rate unit Measurement information and by controlling flow control valve that the gas flow of air supply pipe is adjusted to the base gas flow；In step 401 In bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe is the base gas flow；

Printed in step 4022 and synchronous temperature control process in, the gas flow controller is according to detection of gas flow rate Unit institute's detection information simultaneously combines distance detection unit institute detecting distance information, and by controlling flow control valve to air supply pipe Gas flow carries out increase and decrease adjustment；Also, the outlet of the nozzle and the distance between horizontal stamp pad are bigger, the air supply pipe Gas flow it is bigger.

The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art：

1st, used plasma 3D printing device structure is simple, design rationally and input cost is relatively low, processing and fabricating and Installation is laid convenient.

2nd, used plasma 3D printing equipment is without closed molding room, and protective atmosphere or vacuum ring is not required Border, workpiece shaping process directly carry out under atmospheric environment.Thus, structure is very simple, and forming part size is unrestricted System, equipment price are relatively low.

3rd, the printed material of plasma 3D printing equipment supplies (the drop beam-plasma of material in energy source beam-plasma Stream), it is not necessary to powdering system is not required in the moulding cylinder system of powdering, it is only necessary to which a powder feeder, structure significantly simplify.

4th, used plasma 3D printing equipment is easy to use, intelligence degree and shaping efficiency are high, uses effect Fruit is good, and the quality of institute's shaping workpiece is high.Used monitoring system includes the position being controlled to stamp pad position regulator Put adjustment controller, the temperature detecting unit detected in real time to workpiece surface temperature to be printed, the outlet to nozzle and Distance detection unit that the distance between horizontal stamp pad is detected in real time and printing distance adjusting means are controlled Printing is connected apart from adjustment control device, position adjustment controller with stamp pad position regulator, is printed apart from adjustment control device It is connected with printing distance adjusting means, temperature detecting unit and distance detection unit are connected with printing apart from adjustment control device； Temperature detecting unit forms temperature control device with printing apart from adjustment control device.In actual use, temperature regulation system In printing apart from adjustment control device according to temperature detecting unit institute's detection information to printing distance adjusting means be controlled, make Distance energy automatic adjusument must be printed, the shape layer that can so prevent from having printed completion caused by printing hypotelorism occurs again The problem of fusing, and can also prevent caused by printing hypertelorism formed precision is relatively low, molten melt drop be sprayed onto it is next The problems such as being solidified before printable layer upper surface so that forming process is easily controllable, and realizes conveniently, can effectively prevent at the same time Workpiece surface aoxidizes, because without setting closed vacuum environment.In addition, used monitoring system further includes gas stream Automatic adjusument and powder mass flow automatic adjusument function are measured, intelligence degree is high.

5th, the energy source that plasma 3D printing equipment uses is beam-plasma, and beam-plasma power is up to tens of kilowatt, energy Molten ceramic material, realizes the 3D printing of metal, cermet and ceramic part.Produce the plasma generator of beam-plasma (being specifically plasma gun) is simple in structure, and operation expense is low, and plasma 3D printing equipment cost is low.

6th, for the drop of plasma 3D printing equipment institute printed material in plasma beam, beam-plasma has protection in itself Effect, along with the effect of working gas, can effectively prevent the oxidation of printed material, which is not required protective atmosphere or vacuum Environment, directly uses under atmospheric environment, has device structure is simple, operating cost is low, forming part size is unrestricted etc. Advantage.

7th, plasma 3D printing equipment drives the rotation of powder wheel using direct current generator and aids in sending in powder by working gas Into beam-plasma, a powder or prilling powder can be used, it is not necessary to spherical powder.The equipment printed material cost is low.

8th, materials behavior is simplified, reduced into solid-state, technical process by settable liquid when plasma 3D printing equipment prints The technology difficulty and cost of 3D printing.Meanwhile under the action of working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) Powder enters in beam-plasma, and accelerates, heats and be fused into molten condition in the beam-plasma and form small drop, The drop sprays in the lump with beam-plasma, forms the interior plasma beam with molten melt drop；The melting that powder is formed after fusing After drop is sprayed with beam-plasma, form the microstream of the molten melt drop by being evenly distributed with printed material, formed casting type into Type, avoids rounded constrictions phenomenon caused by the shaping of molten drop cooled and solidified, part high mechanical properties, surface is smooth, reduces The technology difficulty of rapid shaping.

9th, used plasma 3D printing method and step is simple, design is reasonable and realizes that convenient, using effect is good, passes through Plasma gun structure, which is improved powder being sent directly into beam-plasma, melts powder, forms the drop of institute's printed material Plasma beam.Beam-plasma has protective effect, it is not necessary to which protective atmosphere or vacuum environment, directly carry out under atmospheric environment Printing.Also, printed material supply in energy source beam-plasma (the drop plasma beam of material), it is not necessary to powdering into Type cylinder system.In addition, the rotation of powder wheel is driven using direct current generator and aids in giving powder into beam-plasma by working gas, A powder or prilling powder can be used, it is not necessary to spherical powder.During printing, materials behavior is by settable liquid into solid-state, technique Process simplification, reduces the technology difficulty and cost of 3D printing, and it is no longer size-limited to print part.Can by the above Know, the present invention substantially improves traditional plasma surfacing method, and existing plasma surfacing method is generally respectively provided with There is a plasma arc voltage Height-adjusting device, the distance of plasma gun and workpiece surface is not more than 15mm, and the scope of application is limited.It is and of the invention In, printing distance can be adjusted interior on a large scale, adapt to unlike material printing demand, and workpiece shaping matter can be effectively ensured Amount.

Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of plasma 3D printing equipment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 3 is the schematic block circuit diagram of monitoring system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is structure diagram of the present invention into compression ring.

Fig. 5 is the structure diagram of air inlet ring body of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the FB(flow block) of plasma 3D printing method of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of plasma gun in the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Description of reference numerals:

1-feeder；2-powder feeder；3-workpiece to be printed；

4-horizontal stamp pad；5-air supply pipe；6-powder feeding pipe；

7-plasma generator controller；8-distance detection unit；9-temperature detecting unit；

10-printing is apart from adjustment control device；11-detection of gas flow rate unit；

12-gas flow controller；13-plasma gun；13-1-gun body；

13-2-anode nozzle；13-3-cathode；13-4-arc chamber；

13-5-spout；13-6-insulating layer；14-powder flow paths；

15-position adjustment controller；16-three axis numerically controlled machine；17-upper and lower adjusting apparatus；

18-powder mass flow detection unit；19-driving motor；20-powder feeding flow controller；

21-into compression ring；21-1-air inlet ring body；21-2-annular sealing cover；

21-3-annular air inlet duct；21-4-outside air admission hole；21-5-inner side air admission hole；

22-powder inlet；23-PC machine；24-flow control valve.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of plasma 3D printing equipment as shown in Figure 1, it is flat by monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and printing Platform forms, the print platform include the horizontal stamp pad 4 placed for workpiece 3 to be printed and to the position of horizontal stamp pad 4 into The stamp pad position regulator of row adjustment, the horizontal stamp pad 4 are installed on the stamp pad position regulator.

The plasma beam system of processing by be provided with nozzle and for produce beam-plasma plasma generator, Printing distance adjusting means that outlet to the nozzle is adjusted with the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4, for it is described etc. from Daughter generator provides the feeder 1 of working gas and for being continuously sent into printed material into the plasma generator Powder feeder 2 form, the plasma generator positioned at the top of horizontal stamp pad 4 and its be installed on the printing distance and adjust On device.The feeder 1 is connected by air supply pipe 5 with the air inlet opened on the plasma generator.With reference to figure 2, the powder flow paths 14 for printed material circulation are provided with the plasma generator, the powder stream is all Road 14 inside the arc chamber 13-4 in the plasma generator with communicating and it is connected with the air inlet, the powder stream The external port of circulation passage is powder inlet 22, and the powder feeding mouth of the powder feeder 2 is connected by powder feeding pipe 6 with powder inlet 22.It is described to beat Print material is powder.

As shown in figure 3, the monitoring system includes the position adjustment being controlled to the stamp pad position regulator Controller 15, the temperature detecting unit 9 detected in real time to 3 upper surface temperature of workpiece to be printed, the outlet to the nozzle Distance detection unit 8 that the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 is detected in real time and to the printing distance adjusting means into The printing of row control connects apart from adjustment control device 10, the position adjustment controller 15 with the stamp pad position regulator Connect, the printing is connected apart from adjustment control device 10 with the printing distance adjusting means, the temperature detecting unit 9 and distance Detection unit 8 is connected with printing apart from adjustment control device 10；The temperature detecting unit 9 is with printing apart from adjustment control device 10 Form temperature control device.The temperature detecting unit 9 be to the plasma beam system of processing on workpiece 3 to be printed The infrared temperature sensor that temperature is detected in real time at print position.The distance detection unit 8 is laser range sensor.

In the present embodiment, the monitoring system further includes the plasma being controlled to the plasma generator and occurs Detection of gas flow rate unit 11 that controller 7, the gas flow to air supply pipe 5 are detected in real time and to being installed on air supply pipe 5 The gas flow controller 12 that is controlled of flow control valve 24, the plasma generator controller 7 and the plasma Generator connects, and the detection of gas flow rate unit 11 is connected with gas flow controller 12.

As shown in Fig. 2, the plasma generator includes plasma gun 13, the nozzle is 13 front end of plasma gun Anode nozzle 13-2.The plasma gun 13 includes being provided with the gun body 13-1 of the air inlet, immediately ahead of gun body 13-1 Anode nozzle 13-2 and the cathode 13-3, the anode nozzle 13-2 that are plugged in gun body 13-1 are located at cathode 13-3 front sides, institute State that arc chamber 13-4 is located on front side of cathode 13-3 and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle 13-2, the anode nozzle 13-2's Front inner is spout 13-5.

In actual use, the plasma gun 13 is installed in the printing distance adjusting means.

In the present embodiment, the anode nozzle 13-2, cathode 13-3 and arc chamber 13-4 are in coaxial cloth with gun body 13-1 If；The powder flow paths 14 are stretched in spout 13-5 with the inclined layings of gun body 13-1 and its front end, the powder stream Circulation passage 14 is straight channel and its back side walkway for including being laid in gun body 13-1 and is laid in anode nozzle 13-2 Front side channel.

Also, the air inlet is located on rear side of gun body 13-1, the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 in it is coaxial lay or with Powder flow paths 14 are laid in coaxial.

In the present embodiment, insulating layer 13-6 is provided between the anode nozzle 13-2 and gun body 13-1.

In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the spout 13-5 and gun body 13-1 is laid in coaxial.

In the present embodiment, the air supply pipe 5 is by into the air inlet opened on compression ring 21 and the plasma generator Connection.Also, by uniformly being supplied into the plasma generator into compression ring 21.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, it is described into compression ring 21 is circular ring shape and it includes air inlet ring body 21-1 and lid is mounted in air inlet Annular sealing cover 21-2, the air inlet ring body 21-1 on ring body 21-1 are to be provided with a ring on circular ring shape and its madial wall Be provided with shape air inlet duct 21-3, the air inlet ring body 21-1 outside to connect with air supply pipe 5 an air admission hole 21-4 and its in Side is provided with multiple inner side air admission hole 21-5, and multiple inner side air admission hole 21-5 are along the circumferential direction uniformly distributed and it is respectively positioned on ring On the inside of shape air inlet duct 21-3, the outside air admission hole 21-4 is located on the outside of annular air inlet duct 21-3, the outside air admission hole 21-4 Communicated with multiple inner side air admission hole 21-5 with inside annular air inlet duct 21-3.

Also, along the circumferential direction it is provided with and multiple is communicated respectively with multiple inner side air admission hole 21-5 on the gun body 13-1 Gun body air admission hole.

In actual use, the powder flow paths 14 can also be with the inlet channel of the working gas using same logical Road.

In the present embodiment, the meal outlet of the powder flow paths 14 is located on front side of arc chamber 13-4 and it is located at spout The inner back side of 13-5.

During 13 use of plasma gun as shown in Figure 2, plasma is produced in the arc chamber 13-4, it is caused Plasma forms beam-plasma and is sprayed through spout 13-5；At the same time, the powder is tilted by powder flow paths 14 To entrance spout 13-5, and the powder enters in the beam-plasma under the action of the working gas, and described Accelerate in beam-plasma, heat and be fused into molten condition and form small drop, which sprays in the lump with beam-plasma, shape Into the interior plasma beam with molten melt drop；After the molten melt drop that powder is formed after fusing is sprayed with beam-plasma, formed by It is evenly distributed with the microstream of the molten melt drop of printed material.Thus, the powder (is beaten for 3 material therefor of workpiece to be printed Print material) powder, to the shape of powder without particular/special requirement.

In the present embodiment, the working gas is inert gas or H₂Gas.

Wherein, inert gas is Ar gas, He gas and N₂Gas.

In the present embodiment, the stamp pad position regulator is three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

Thus, the position adjustment controller 15 is the controller of three axis numerically controlled machine 16.

In actual use, the stamp pad position regulator can also can complete X, Y and three directions of Z axis using other The device of movement.

In actual use, between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator produces Angle be not more than 45 °；The printing distance adjusting means are that the nozzle is carried out along the central axis of the beam-plasma Adjusting apparatus 17 up and down adjusted up and down, the distance detection unit 8 are from described to the central axis along the beam-plasma The distance detection device for exporting to the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 and being detected in real time of nozzle.

In the present embodiment, the adjusting apparatus 17 up and down is Z-direction adjusting apparatus.

Also, the adjusting apparatus 17 up and down is telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

In the present embodiment, the central axis for the beam-plasma that the plasma generator produces is in vertically to laying.It is real Border is in use, can according to specific needs, to the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma of plasma generator generation Between angle adjust accordingly.

In the present embodiment, the powder feeder 2 is provided with the shell of feed inlet and sending in the shell including top Powder wheel, the powder feeding wheel are driven by driving motor 19；The powder feeding mouth is located at the outer casing underpart.

As shown in figure 3, the monitoring system further includes the powder mass flow that the powder feeding flow to powder feeding pipe 6 is detected in real time Detection unit 18 and the powder feeding flow controller 20 being controlled to driving motor 19, the powder mass flow detection unit 18 is with sending Powder flow controller 20 connects.

In the present embodiment, the driving motor 19 is direct current generator.In actual use, by varying the direct current The rotating speed of machine, the powder feeding flow to powder feeding pipe 6 carry out easy, quick adjustment.

In the present embodiment, the monitoring system is further included respectively to horizontal stamp pad 4 in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction The first displacement detecting unit, second displacement detection unit and the triple motion detection unit that displacement is detected in real time, described One displacement detecting unit, second displacement detection unit and triple motion detection unit are connected with position adjustment controller 15.

In the present embodiment, the plasma generator controller 7, gas flow controller 12, position adjustment controller 15, beat Print connects apart from adjustment control device 10 and powder feeding flow controller 20 with the data processing equipment, the data processing equipment For PC machine 23.The feeder 1 carries out start-up and shut-down control by PC machine 23.

A kind of plasma 3D printing method as shown in Figure 6, comprises the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be printed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and tune The three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece 3 to be printed is obtained with image processing module, recalls hierarchy slicing module to workpiece 3 to be printed Three-dimensional stereo model carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering cross-sectional images；

Multiple layering cross-sectional images are that acquisition is more after carrying out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece 3 to be printed The image in a layering section, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；The data processing equipment and position adjustment Controller 15 connects；

Step 4: successively print from the bottom to top：According to obtained in step 3 it is multiple it is described layering sections printing paths, Successively workpiece 3 to be printed is printed from the bottom to top, obtains the finished workpart stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers； The quantity of the shape layer is identical with the quantity that section is layered described in step 1, the installation position difference of multiple shape layers With it is multiple it is described layering sections installation positions correspond and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer with it is two neighboring Layering the distance between the section is identical, in step 3 the printing path in multiple layering sections be respectively it is multiple it is described into The printing path of type layer；The Method of printing all same of multiple shape layers；When being printed to workpiece 3 to be printed, process is such as Under：

Step 401, bottom printing：The position adjustment controller 15 is currently printed as according to acquired in step 3 The printing path of type layer, the stamp pad position regulator is controlled and drive horizontal stamp pad 4 in the horizontal plane into Row movement；In 4 moving process of horizontal stamp pad, the plasma beam system of processing is by the interior plasma with molten melt drop Line is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad 4；After sprayed molten melt drop solidifies, the printing of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed Journey；

Step 402, last layer printing, comprise the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：The position adjustment controller 15 is by controlling stamp pad position tune Engagement positions, horizontal 4 in the vertical direction of stamp pad of drive are once moved down and move down height and the shape layer Thickness it is identical；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The position adjustment controller 15 is current according to acquired in step 3 The printing path of institute's printing shaping layer, is controlled the stamp pad position regulator and drives horizontal stamp pad 4 in water Moved in plane；In 4 moving process of horizontal stamp pad, the plasma beam system of processing is by interior band molten melt drop Plasma beam be continuously sprayed onto on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；Wait that sprayed molten melt drop is equal After solidification, the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed；

In this step, in horizontal 4 moving process of stamp pad, by temperature detecting unit 9 to currently printed The upper surface temperature of next shape layer detect in real time and institute's detection temperature synchronizing information is sent to printing distance Adjustment control device 10, while carried out by the distance between outlet of the distance detection unit 8 to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 Detection in real time simultaneously extremely prints the range information synchronous driving detected apart from adjustment control device 10；The printing distance adjusts control Temperature information that device 10 processed is detected according to temperature detecting unit 9 and by controlling the printing distance adjusting means to the spray The distance between outlet and horizontal stamp pad 4 of head are adjusted, and make the upper of currently printed next shape layer 0.6 times of surface temperature not higher than the material fusing point of workpiece 3 to be printed；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal 4 moving process of stamp pad, the powder feeder 2 is by the printing material Material is continuously sent to the plasma generator, and the plasma generator is sent under the action of the working gas Interior printed material is sent in the beam-plasma produced in the plasma generator and is molten into molten melt drop, described molten Melt drop to be uniformly distributed in the beam-plasma, and form the interior plasma beam with molten melt drop.Also, the molten liquid Drop under the action of the working gas (beam-plasma includes unionized working gas) along the central shaft of the beam-plasma Line moves；The printed material is dusty material (i.e. powder)；

Step 403, be repeated several times step 402, until completing the print procedure of 3 all shape layers of workpiece to be printed.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the root of data processing equipment elder generation described in step 1 According to the material fusing point and printing range data storehouse pre-established, and combine the work to be printed pre-entered by parameter input unit The Material Name of part 3, is determined the basis printing distance of workpiece 3 to be printed；The parameter input unit and the data Processing equipment connects；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is apart from adjustment control device 10 according to the institute of distance detection unit 8 The range information of detection and by control it is described printing distance adjusting means by between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 Distance be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle is printed with horizontal The distance between platform 4 prints distance for the basis；

Printed in step 4022 and synchronous temperature control before, the printing is detected apart from adjustment control device 10 according to distance The range information and the number that moves down of the horizontal stamp pad 4 of combination that unit 8 is detected move down height with each, and pass through Control the printing distance adjusting means that exporting for the nozzle is upper with current printed next shape layer The distance between surface is adjusted to the basis printing distance；Outlet and horizontal stamp pad 4 in step 4022 to the nozzle The distance between when being adjusted, the printing is believed apart from the temperature that adjustment control device 10 is detected according to temperature detecting unit 9 Cease and with reference to the distance between outlet of the range information that distance detection unit 8 is detected to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 It is adjusted, makes the upper surface temperature control of current printed next shape layer in the material of workpiece 3 to be printed Between 0.1 times of fusing point~0.6 times；Also, the distance between the outlet to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad 4 are adjusted When, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.

In the present embodiment, before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, the root of data processing equipment elder generation described in step 1 According to the gas and powder mass flow database pre-established, and with reference to the thickness of the shape layer set in advance, to air supply pipe 5 Base gas flow and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 6 are determined；

Gas and the powder mass flow databases contain powder feeding flow needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness and Base gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 6 is bigger, institute It is bigger to state base gas flow；The powder feeding flow of the powder feeding pipe 6 is 2g/min~200g/min；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal 4 moving process of stamp pad, the powder mass flow detection unit 18 is right The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 6 carries out detection in real time and by institute's detection information synchronous driving to powder feeding flow controller 20, described to send Powder flow controller 20 detects letter according to the powder feeding flow and combining powder flow detection unit 18 of predetermined powder feeding pipe 6 Breath is controlled driving motor 19, makes the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe 6 identical with predetermined powder feeding flow；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller 12 is according to detection of gas flow rate unit 11 Institute's detection information and by controlling flow control valve 24 that the gas flow of air supply pipe 5 is adjusted to the base gas flow；Step In rapid 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe 5 is the base gas flow；

Printed in step 4022 and synchronous temperature control process in, the gas flow controller 12 is examined according to gas flow Survey 11 detection informations of unit and combine 8 detecting distance information of distance detection unit, and by controlling flow control valve 24 right The gas flow of air supply pipe 5 carries out increase and decrease adjustment；Also, the outlet of the nozzle and the distance between horizontal stamp pad 4 are bigger, The gas flow of the air supply pipe 5 is bigger.

In the present embodiment, when obtaining the three-dimensional stereo model of the workpiece 3 to be printed, pro/e, UG, CATIA etc. three is utilized Dimension graphics software designs the three-dimensional stereo model (i.e. three-dimensional entity model) of workpiece 3 to be printed, then passes through the hierarchy slicing Module carries out hierarchy slicing to the three-dimensional stereo model, and obtains the outline data in each section, is swept by outline data generation filling Path is retouched, the corresponding printing path (printing path in i.e. each layering section) for obtaining three axis numerically controlled machine 16.Thus, step 1 and Method employed in step 2, the method phase used with the shaping of conventional laser selective melting or electron beam selective melting shaping Together.Afterwards, the three axis numerically controlled machine 16 carries out X in the horizontal plane according to the printing path obtained and Y direction is moved through Cheng Zhong, the plasma beam system of processing the interior plasma beam with molten melt drop is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad 4 or On the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；After sprayed molten melt drop solidifies, a shaping is completed The print procedure of layer；Then, the three axis numerically controlled machine 16 declines in the Z-axis direction, successively prints, so as to complete 3 d part Print procedure.

Embodiment 2

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, used plasma 3D printing equipment is as different from Example 1：The spray Mouth 13-5 and powder flow paths 14 are laid in coaxial.

In this way, after being changed by spout 13-5 to the direction of the beam-plasma, plasma jet can be effectively reduced The thermic load that anode nozzle 13-2 is produced is impacted, improves anode ablation situation.Simultaneously as spout 13-5 circulates with powder Passage 14 is laid in coaxial, thus does not interfere with the acceleration, heating and fusion process of powder, and using effect is very good.

In the present embodiment, use the remainder structure, connection relation and operation principle of plasma 3D printing equipment equal It is same as Example 1.

In the present embodiment, used plasma 3D printing method is same as Example 1.

The above, is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, it is every according to the present invention Any simple modification, change and the equivalent structure change that technical spirit makees above example, still fall within skill of the present invention In the protection domain of art scheme.

Claims

A kind of 1. plasma 3D printing equipment, it is characterised in that：By monitoring system, plasma beam system of processing and print platform Composition, the print platform include the horizontal stamp pad (4) placed for workpiece to be printed (3) and the position to horizontal stamp pad (4) The stamp pad position regulator being adjusted is put, the horizontal stamp pad (4) is installed on the stamp pad position regulator On；

The plasma beam system of processing is by being provided with nozzle and for producing the plasma generator of beam-plasma, to institute State printing distance adjusting means that the distance between outlet and horizontal stamp pad (4) of nozzle be adjusted, be the plasma Body generator provides the feeder (1) of working gas and for being continuously sent into printed material into the plasma generator Powder feeder (2) composition, the plasma generator be located at horizontal stamp pad (4) top and its be installed on the printing distance In regulating device；The feeder (1) is connected by the air inlet opened on air supply pipe (5) and the plasma generator Connect；The powder flow paths (14) for printed material circulation, the powder stream are provided with the plasma generator Circulation passage (14) is communicated with arc chamber (13-4) inside in the plasma generator and it is connected with the air inlet, institute The external port for stating powder flow paths is powder inlet (22), and the powder feeding mouth of the powder feeder (2) passes through powder feeding pipe (6) and powder inlet (22) connect；

The monitoring system include the stamp pad position regulator is controlled position adjustment controller (15), treat Temperature detecting unit (9), the outlet to the nozzle and the horizontal printing that printing workpiece (3) upper surface temperature is detected in real time The distance detection unit (8) and the printing distance adjusting means are controlled that the distance between platform (4) is detected in real time Printing be connected apart from adjustment control device (10), the position adjustment controller (15) with the stamp pad position regulator, It is described printing apart from adjustment control device (10) with it is described print distance adjusting means be connected, the temperature detecting unit (9) and away from It is connected from detection unit (8) with adjustment control device (10) with a distance from printing；The temperature detecting unit (9) is adjusted with printing distance Controller (10) forms temperature control device；

Angle between the central axis and vertical plane of the beam-plasma that the plasma generator produces is not more than 45 °；Institute It is to carry out the adjustment up and down of adjustment up and down to the nozzle along the central axis of the beam-plasma to state printing distance adjusting means Device (17), the distance detection unit (8) are to export to water from the nozzle to the central axis along the beam-plasma The distance detection device that the distance between flat stamp pad (4) is detected in real time.
A kind of 2. plasma 3D printing equipment described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that：The monitoring system further includes pair Plasma generator controller (7) that the plasma generator is controlled, the gas flow to air supply pipe (5) carry out real-time The gas stream that the detection of gas flow rate unit (11) of detection and the flow control valve (24) to being installed on air supply pipe (5) are controlled Amount controller (12), the plasma generator controller (7) are connected with the plasma generator, the detection of gas flow rate Unit (11) is connected with gas flow controller (12).
3. according to a kind of plasma 3D printing equipment described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The plasma occurs Device includes plasma gun (13), and the nozzle is the anode nozzle (13-2) of plasma gun (13) front end；The plasma gun (13) include being provided with the gun body (13-1) of the air inlet, the anode nozzle (13-2) immediately ahead of gun body (13-1) and inserting In the cathode (13-3) in gun body (13-1), the anode nozzle (13-2) is located on front side of cathode (13-3), the arc chamber (13-4) is located on front side of cathode (13-3) and it is located at the posterior medial of anode nozzle (13-2), the anode nozzle (13-2) Front inner is spout (13-5).
A kind of 4. plasma 3D printing equipment described in accordance with the claim 3, it is characterised in that：The anode nozzle (13-2), Cathode (13-3) and arc chamber (13-4) are laid with gun body (13-1) in coaxial；The powder flow paths (14) and gun body (13-1) inclined laying and its front end is stretched in spout (13-5), the powder flow paths (14) for straight channel and Its back side walkway for including being laid in gun body (13-1) and the front side channel being laid in anode nozzle (13-2).
5. according to a kind of plasma 3D printing equipment described in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The air inlet is located at gun body On rear side of (13-1), the spout (13-5) is in coaxial laying with gun body (13-1) or is in coaxial cloth with powder flow paths (14) If.
6. according to a kind of plasma 3D printing equipment described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Stamp pad position tune It is self-contained to be set to three axis numerically controlled machine (16).
7. according to a kind of plasma 3D printing equipment described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The powder feeder (2) includes Top is provided with the shell of feed inlet and the powder feeding wheel in the shell, and the powder feeding wheel is driven by driving motor (19) It is dynamic；The powder feeding mouth is located at the outer casing underpart；

The monitoring system further includes the powder mass flow detection unit (18) detected in real time to the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (6) With the powder feeding flow controller (20) being controlled to driving motor (19), the powder mass flow detection unit (18) and powder feeding stream Amount controller (20) connects.
8. a kind of method for carrying out 3D printing to workpiece to be printed using plasma 3D printing equipment as claimed in claim 1, its It is characterized in that：This method comprises the following steps：

Step 1: workpiece three-dimensional stereo model to be printed obtains and hierarchy slicing processing：Using data processing equipment and calling figure As the three-dimensional stereo model of processing module acquisition workpiece (3) to be printed, hierarchy slicing module is recalled to workpiece to be printed (3) Three-dimensional stereo model carries out hierarchy slicing, and obtains multiple layering cross-sectional images；

Multiple layering cross-sectional images are multiple to being obtained after the three-dimensional stereo model of workpiece to be printed (3) progress hierarchy slicing The image in section is layered, multiple layering sections are uniformly distributed from the bottom to top；

Step 2: scanning pattern is filled：Using data processing equipment and described image processing module is called, to multiple in step 1 The layering cross-sectional image is respectively processed, and completes the scanning pattern filling process in multiple layering sections, is obtained more The scanning pattern in a layering section；

Step 3: printing path obtains：The data processing equipment is according to the multiple layering sections obtained in step 2 Scanning pattern, obtains the printing path in multiple layering sections；The printing path in each layering section with the layering The scanning pattern in section is identical；

Step 4: successively print from the bottom to top：According to the printing path in the multiple layering sections obtained in step 3, under It is supreme that successively workpiece to be printed (3) is printed, obtain the finished workpart stacked from the bottom to top by multiple shape layers；Institute It is identical with the quantity that section is layered described in step 1 to state the quantity of shape layer, the installation positions of multiple shape layers respectively with The installation position in multiple layering sections corresponds and its thickness all same, the thickness of the shape layer and two neighboring institute It is identical to state the distance between layering section, multiple printing paths for being layered sections are respectively multiple shapings in step 3 The printing path of layer；When being printed to workpiece to be printed (3), process is as follows：

Step 401, bottom printing：The position adjustment controller (15) is according to current institute's printing shaping acquired in step 3 Layer printing path, the stamp pad position regulator is controlled and drive horizontal stamp pad (4) in the horizontal plane into Row movement；In horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process, the plasma beam system of processing by the interior grade with molten melt drop from Beamlet stream is continuously sprayed onto on horizontal stamp pad (4)；After sprayed molten melt drop solidifies, beating for current institute's printing shaping layer is completed Print process；

In this step, current institute's printing shaping layer is the shape layer for being located at bottommost in multiple shape layers；

Step 402, last layer printing, comprise the following steps：

Step 4021, horizontal stamp pad move down：The position adjustment controller (15) is by controlling the stamp pad position adjustment Device, drives horizontal stamp pad (4) in the vertical direction once to be moved down and moves down height and the shape layer Thickness it is identical；

Step 4022, printing and synchronous temperature control：The position adjustment controller (15) is according to current institute acquired in step 3 The printing path of printing shaping layer, is controlled the stamp pad position regulator and drives horizontal stamp pad (4) in water Moved in plane；In horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process, the plasma beam system of processing is by interior band molten liquid The plasma beam of drop is continuously sprayed onto on the upper surface of current printed next shape layer；Wait sprayed molten melt drop After solidifying, the print procedure of current institute's printing shaping layer is completed；

In this step, in horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process, by temperature detecting unit (9) to currently printed The upper surface temperature of next shape layer detect in real time and institute's detection temperature synchronizing information is sent to printing distance Adjustment control device (10), at the same by between outlet of the distance detection unit (8) to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) away from Adjustment control device (10) with a distance from extremely being printed from progress detection in real time and by the range information synchronous driving detected；It is described printing away from Adjusted from the temperature information that adjustment control device (10) is detected according to temperature detecting unit (9) and by controlling with a distance from the printing The distance between outlet of the device to the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) are adjusted, and make current printed next 0.6 times of the upper surface temperature of the shape layer not higher than the material fusing point of workpiece to be printed (3)；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process, the powder feeder (2) is by the printing material Material is continuously sent to the plasma generator, and the plasma generator is sent under the action of the working gas Interior printed material is sent in the beam-plasma produced in the plasma generator and is molten into molten melt drop, described molten Melt drop to be uniformly distributed in the beam-plasma, and form the interior plasma beam with molten melt drop；The printed material is Dusty material；

Step 403, be repeated several times step 402, until completing the print procedure of all shape layers of workpiece (3) to be printed.
9. according to the method that 3D printing is carried out to workpiece to be printed described in claim 8, it is characterised in that：In step 4 under Before supreme successively printing, data processing equipment described in step 1 is first according to the material fusing point and printing pre-established apart from number According to storehouse, and the Material Name of the workpiece to be printed (3) pre-entered by parameter input unit is combined, to workpiece to be printed (3) Basis printing distance be determined；The parameter input unit connects with the data processing equipment；

The material fusing point and printing range information of various material are stored with the material fusing point and printing range data storehouse, it is every kind of The material fusing point and printing range information of the material include title, fusing point and the basis printing distance of this kind of material；It is described Basis printing distance is 5mm~1000mm, and material fusing point is higher, and basis printing distance is nearer；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the printing is apart from adjustment control device (10) according to distance detection unit (8) institute The range information of detection and by control the printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) it Between distance be adjusted to it is described basis printing distance；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the outlet of the nozzle is beaten with horizontal The distance between ink pad (4) prints distance for the basis；

Printed in step 4022 and synchronous temperature control before, the printing is single according to distance detection apart from adjustment control device (10) The range information and the number that moves down of the horizontal stamp pad of combination (4) that first (8) are detected move down height with each, and logical Cross and control the printing distance adjusting means by the outlet of the nozzle and current printed next shape layer The distance between upper surface is adjusted to the basis printing distance；Outlet and horizontal stamp pad in step 4022 to the nozzle The distance between (4) it is described to print what is detected apart from adjustment control device (10) according to temperature detecting unit (9) when being adjusted Outlet and horizontal stamp pad (4) of the range information that temperature information and combination distance detection unit (8) are detected to the nozzle The distance between be adjusted, make the upper surface temperature control of current printed next shape layer in work to be printed Between 0.1 times of the material fusing point of part (3)~0.6 times；Also, between the outlet and horizontal stamp pad (4) to the nozzle When distance is adjusted, the amplitude of accommodation is 5mm~60mm, and material fusing point is higher, and the amplitude of accommodation is smaller.
10. according to the method that 3D printing is carried out to workpiece to be printed described in claim 8 or 9, it is characterised in that：The powder feeding Device (2) is provided with the shell of feed inlet and the powder feeding wheel in the shell including top, and the powder feeding wheel is by driving motor (19) it is driven；The powder feeding mouth is located at the outer casing underpart；The monitoring system, which further includes, occurs the plasma The gas flow that plasma generator controller (7) that device is controlled, the gas flow to air supply pipe (5) are detected in real time is examined Survey unit (11), the flow control valve (24) installed on air supply pipe (5) is controlled gas flow controller (12), to giving Powder mass flow detection unit (18) that the powder feeding flow of tube cell (6) is detected in real time and driving motor (19) is controlled Powder feeding flow controller (20), the plasma generator controller (7) are connected with the plasma generator, the gas stream Amount detection unit (11) is connected with gas flow controller (12)；The powder mass flow detection unit (18) and powder feeding flow control Device (20) connects；The distance detection unit (8) is connected with gas flow controller (12)；

Before successively being printed from the bottom to top in step 4, data processing equipment described in step 1 is first according to the gas pre-established And powder mass flow database, and with reference to the thickness of the shape layer set in advance, base gas flow to air supply pipe (5) and The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (6) is determined；

Gas and the powder mass flow databases contain the powder feeding flow and basis needed for the shape layer of a variety of different thickness Gas flow；The base gas flow is 5ml/min~500ml/min, and the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (6) is bigger, described Base gas flow is bigger；

Described in step 401 and step 4022 in horizontal stamp pad (4) moving process, the powder mass flow detection unit (18) is right The powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (6) carries out detection in real time and by institute's detection information synchronous driving to powder feeding flow controller (20), institute State powder feeding flow and combining powder flow detection unit of the powder feeding flow controller (20) according to predetermined powder feeding pipe (6) (18) institute's detection information is controlled driving motor (19), make the powder feeding flow of powder feeding pipe (6) with predetermined powder feeding Flow is identical；

Before carrying out bottom printing in step 401, the gas flow controller (12) is according to detection of gas flow rate unit (11) Institute's detection information and by controlling flow control valve (24) that the gas flow of air supply pipe (5) is adjusted to the base gas stream Amount；In step 401 in bottom print procedure, the gas flow of the air supply pipe (5) is the base gas flow；

Printed in step 4022 and synchronous temperature control process in, the gas flow controller (12) is according to detection of gas flow rate Unit (11) institute's detection information simultaneously combines distance detection unit (8) institute detecting distance information, and by controlling flow control valve (24) increase and decrease adjustment is carried out to the gas flow of air supply pipe (5)；Also, between the outlet of the nozzle and horizontal stamp pad (4) Distance it is bigger, the gas flow of the air supply pipe (5) is bigger.