CN105875335A - Pruning and trimming method for multi-branch dwarf-round-head type strawberry tree body structure - Google Patents
Pruning and trimming method for multi-branch dwarf-round-head type strawberry tree body structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN105875335A CN105875335A CN201610330092.9A CN201610330092A CN105875335A CN 105875335 A CN105875335 A CN 105875335A CN 201610330092 A CN201610330092 A CN 201610330092A CN 105875335 A CN105875335 A CN 105875335A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pruning and trimming method for a multi-branch dwarf-round-head type strawberry tree body structure. The pruning and trimming method includes: after field planting of 4-year seedlings, subjecting main branches of the seedlings after field planting to branch holding and drawing in the first and second year to control horizontal basal angles of the branches; cultivating secondary branches and large lateral branches; after the third year, for spring twigs and early autumn twigs retracting by one third, removing the weak and keeping the strong, appropriately thinning stems, strengthening vigorous twigs, fully pruning away late autumn twigs, timely removing and retracting the lateral branches which are over-crowded, intersected and away from backbone branches, and keeping the crown with ventilation and penetrating light inside; after the fifth year and entering the full productive age, controlling the height of the tree to be from 2.5m to 3.0m and the crown to be 3.0m to 3.5m, and maintaining the obtained multi-branch dwarf-round-head type strawberry tree body structure. The pruning and trimming method has the advantages that through field planting, trimming and pruning of the 4-year seedlings, the height of the tree body is effectively reduced, the tree body is dwarfed, picking difficulty and management cost are reduced, high and stable yield of strawberries is promoted, and quality of the strawberries is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree shaping technical field, downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame particularly to the many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae.
Background technology
Fructus Myricae rubrae is China's local product fruits, and Ningbo City is one of original producton location of Fructus Myricae rubrae, according to statistics bureau of Ningbo City data in 2015, Fructus Myricae rubrae garden, the whole city of the whole city in 2014 area 26.5 ten thousand mu, accounts for the 34.8% of whole city's orchard area, is the types of fruits of cultivated area maximum.City's Fructus Myricae rubrae cultivation history is long, current still based on tradition extensive management pattern, it is big that Fructus Myricae rubrae sets height mostly, high person is up to more than 10m, tree height causes greatly Fructus Myricae rubrae to begin really, and the phase is slow, yield and quality is unstable, modern production technology is difficult to application, cost is plucked in increase and plucks difficulty, and the Fructus Myricae rubrae period of maturation happens rainy season, sets body wet and slippery, cause potential safety hazard, the most all have to pluck because of Fructus Myricae rubrae and cause injury to personnel event to occur.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is for prior art present situation, provide the many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae and downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame, it is according to Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) bulk-growth characteristic, pass through pruning, build many major branches and downgrade brachycephalic tree body frame, make tree low body, promote Fructus Myricae rubrae early fruiting and high yield, simultaneously facilitate Fructus Myricae rubrae and pluck and daily management.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem used:
The many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame, comprise the following steps:
Step one, chooses raw seedling field planting in 4 years, and the requirement of field planting seedling is: seedling well developed root system, fibrous root is many;Trunk is sturdy, trunk diameter 3 cm to 4 cm, trunk high 15 cm to 20 cm, and the healing of grafting mouth is good, anvil fringe strong bonded;Branch top is healthy and strong, and without pest and disease damage, mechanical damage, tree-like completely the height of tree reaches 1m, and crown diameter reaches 1.2m;Utilizing 4 to 6, the major branch that strong prosperous branch is cultivated, major branch is evenly distributed, and horizontal base angle is 35 ° to 55 °;
Step 2, the 1st year after seedling field planting was to the 2nd year, and to the equally distributed major branch selected and remain, by supportting branch, drawing branch, making major branch and horizontal base angle is 30 ° to 45 °;After suitably bouncing back major branch at 50 cm to 60 cm, utilizing the raw enriching shoot in preferable side, position to cultivate secondary major branch, after remaining Johnson & Johnson's branch interval about 30cm cutting back 2/3, cultivation is big side shoot, and unnecessary and back Johnson & Johnson branch is deleted;
Step 3, after the 3rd year, autumn growth morning after the spring tip, retraction 1/3 goes weak to stay strong, suitably dredges and deletes, and the strong prosperous tip, Winter hardness are all wiped out, overstocked, intersect and side shoot away from skeleton branch removes in time and bounces back, and keeps inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light;
Step 4, after the 5th year, enters the best fruiting period, repeats step 3, make the height of tree control at 2.5 m to 3.0 m, and hat width controls at 3.0 m to 3.5 m, maintains the many major branches obtained to downgrade brachycephalic tree body frame.
For optimizing technique scheme, the concrete measure taked also includes:
In above-mentioned step 2 to major branch by support branch, draw time, make the spreading angle spreading angle more than top major branch of lower section major branch.
In above-mentioned step 2, each major branch is equipped with 2 to 3 secondary major branches, and the spreading angle of secondary major branch is horizontal base angle 15 ° to 30 °, less than the spreading angle of major branch at the same level, and forms the horizontal sextant angle of 30 ° to 45 ° with major branch at the same level.
In above-mentioned step 2, each secondary major branch stays 3 to 5 big side shoots.
In above-mentioned step 3, the fail branch of excessive growth on side shoot and descending branch, early autumn growth make innovation shoot, suitably bounce back.
In above-mentioned step 3, overstocked branch, intersection branch, sick branch cut off from base portion.
Above-mentioned step 2 to the pruning of branch in step 4, is cut the autumn and winter with November with the spring pruning in April, the summer in July and is cut to main.
Above-mentioned many major branches downgrade brachycephalic tree body frame, its trunk high 20 cm to 25 cm, 4 to 6, major branch, are distributed in 55 cm to 65cm width shaping strip, major branch and horizontal base angle be 30 ° to 45 °, be uniformly distributed, non-overlapping copies;Secondary 2 to 3, major branch, horizontal base angle 15 ° to 30 ° it is equipped with on each major branch;Major branch or secondary major branch utilize gap and space uniform distribution big side shoot 3 to 5;Skeleton branch length at different levels are suitable, and membership relation is obvious.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by the field planting of 4 years raw seedlings, pruning, shaping, thus effectively reduces tree height, make the Altitude control of bearing tree body at 2.5m to 3m, by tree low body, reduce and pluck difficulty and management cost, promote Fructus Myricae rubrae high and stable yield, improve the quality of Fructus Myricae rubrae.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is 4 years raw field planting seedling tree body frame schematic diagrams in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that in the present invention, many major branches downgrade brachycephalic bearing tree body frame schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae of the present invention downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame, comprise the following steps:
Step one, chooses raw seedling (Fig. 1) field planting in 4 years, and the requirement of field planting seedling is: seedling well developed root system, fibrous root is many;Trunk is sturdy, and trunk diameter reaches 3 cm to 4 cm, trunk high 15 cm to 20 cm, and the healing of grafting mouth is good, anvil fringe strong bonded;Branch top is healthy and strong, and without pest and disease damage, mechanical damage, tree-like completely the height of tree reaches 1m, and crown diameter reaches 1.2m;Utilizing 4 to 6, the major branch that strong prosperous branch is cultivated, major branch is evenly distributed, and horizontal base angle is 35 ° to 55 °;
Step 2, the 1st year after seedling field planting was to the 2nd year, and to the equally distributed major branch selected and remain, by supportting branch, drawing branch, making major branch and horizontal base angle is 30 ° to 45 °, and makes the major branch spreading angle major branch more than top of lower section;After major branch is suitably bounced back at 50 cm to 60 cm, the raw enriching shoot in preferable side, position is utilized to cultivate secondary major branch, each major branch is equipped with 2 to 3 secondary major branches, the spreading angle of secondary major branch is horizontal base angle 15 ° to 30 °, and less than the spreading angle of major branch at the same level, and form the horizontal sextant angle of 30 ° to 45 ° with major branch at the same level;Cultivating after remaining Johnson & Johnson's branch interval about 30cm cutting back 2/3 is big side shoot, and each secondary major branch stays 3 to 5 big side shoots, unnecessary and back Johnson & Johnson branch to delete;
Step 3, after the 3rd year, autumn growth morning after the spring tip, retraction 1/3 goes weak to stay strong, suitably dredges and deletes, and the strong prosperous tip, Winter hardness are all wiped out, overstocked, intersect and side shoot away from skeleton branch removes in time and bounces back, and keeps inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light;The branch of excessive growth on decline side shoot and descending branch, early autumn growth make innovation shoot, suitably bounce back, and overstocked branch, intersect branch, sick branch and cut off from base portion;
Step 4, after the 5th year, enters the best fruiting period, repeats step 3, make the height of tree control at 2.5 m to 3.0 m, and hat width controls at 3.0 m to 3.5 m, maintains the many major branches obtained to downgrade brachycephalic tree body frame.
Shaping and trimming method: trophophase was pruned in April~October, dormant pruning, in March November to next year, is cut the autumn and winter with November with the spring pruning in April, the summer in July and is cut to main.
Above-mentioned many major branches downgrade brachycephalic tree body frame (Fig. 2), its trunk high 20 cm to 25 cm, 4 to 6, major branch, it is distributed in the wide shaping strip of 55 cm to 65cm (about 60cm), major branch and horizontal base angle be 30 ° to 45 °, be uniformly distributed, non-overlapping copies;Secondary 2 to 3, major branch, horizontal base angle 15 ° to 30 ° it is equipped with on each major branch;Major branch or secondary major branch utilize gap and space uniform distribution big side shoot 3 to 5;Skeleton branch length at different levels are suitable, and membership relation is obvious.
Embodiment one:
4 years raw field planting seedlings: trunk diameter 4cm, trunk height 20cm, plant height 1.1m, crown diameter 1.2m, 5, major branch, horizontal base angle is respectively 40 °, 42 °, 42 °, 50 °, 53 °;In time downgrading after pruning to 10 years raw: trunk diameter 13.2cm, trunk height 22cm, plant height 2.5m, crown diameter 2.6m, 4, major branch, horizontal base angle is respectively 35 °, 40 °, 40 °, 44 °, and the secondary major branch on every major branch is respectively 3,4,3,3.
Embodiment two:
4 years raw field planting seedlings: trunk diameter 3.5cm, trunk height 18cm, plant height 1m, crown diameter 1.2m, 6, major branch, horizontal base angle is 42 °, 45 °, 43 °, 50 °, 52 °, 54 °: time raw to 10 years after dwarfing pruning: trunk diameter 12.6cm, trunk height 23cm, height of tree 2.6m, crown diameter 2.6m, 5, major branch, horizontal base angle 30 °, 32 °, 35 °, 35 °, 41 °, 44 °, 4 respectively, the secondary major branch on every major branch, 3,4,3,5,3.
Highly preferred embodiment of the present invention is elucidated with, those of ordinary skill in the art the various changes made or remodeling are all without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the many major branches of Fructus Myricae rubrae downgrade a shaping and trimming method for brachycephalic tree body frame, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step one, chooses raw seedling field planting in 4 years, and the requirement of field planting seedling is: seedling well developed root system, fibrous root is many;Trunk is sturdy, and trunk diameter reaches 3
Cm to 4 cm, trunk high 15 cm to 20 cm, the healing of grafting mouth is good, anvil fringe strong bonded;Branch top is healthy and strong, and without pest and disease damage, mechanical damage, tree-like completely the height of tree reaches 1m, and crown diameter reaches 1.2m;Utilizing 4 to 6, the major branch that strong prosperous branch is cultivated, major branch is evenly distributed, and horizontal base angle is 35 ° to 55 °;
Step 2, the 1st year after seedling field planting was to the 2nd year, and to the equally distributed major branch selected and remain, by supportting branch, drawing branch, making major branch and horizontal base angle is 30 ° to 45 °;After suitably bouncing back major branch at 50 cm to 60 cm, utilizing the raw enriching shoot in preferable side, position to cultivate secondary major branch, after remaining Johnson & Johnson's branch interval about 30cm cutting back 2/3, cultivation is big side shoot, and unnecessary and back Johnson & Johnson branch is deleted;
Step 3, after the 3rd year, autumn growth morning after the spring tip, retraction 1/3 goes weak to stay strong, suitably dredges and deletes, and the strong prosperous tip, Winter hardness are all wiped out, overstocked, intersect and side shoot away from skeleton branch removes in time and bounces back, and keeps inner canopy ventilation and penetrating light;
Step 4, after the 5th year, enters the best fruiting period, repeats step 3, make the height of tree control at 2.5 m to 3.0 m, and hat width controls at 3.0 m to 3.5 m, maintains the many major branches obtained to downgrade brachycephalic tree body frame.
The many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae the most according to claim 1 downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame, it is characterized in that: in described step 2 to major branch by support branch, draw time, make the major branch spreading angle of lower section be more than the major branch of top.
The many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae the most according to claim 2 downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, each major branch is equipped with 2 to 3 secondary major branches, the spreading angle of secondary major branch is horizontal base angle 15 ° to 30 °, and less than the spreading angle of major branch at the same level, and form the horizontal sextant angle of 30 ° to 45 ° with major branch at the same level.
The many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae the most according to claim 3 downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, and each secondary major branch stays 3 to 5 big side shoots.
The many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae the most according to claim 4 downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, and the fail branch of excessive growth on side shoot and descending branch, early autumn growth make innovation shoot, suitably bounce back.
The many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae the most according to claim 5 downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, and overstocked branch, intersection branch, sick branch cut off from base portion.
The many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae the most according to claim 6 downgrade brachycephalic tree body frame shaping and trimming method, it is characterized in that: the pruning of branch in described step 2 to step 4, with the spring pruning in April, the summer in July cut the autumn and winter with November be cut to lead.
The many major branches of a kind of Fructus Myricae rubrae the most according to claim 7 downgrade the shaping and trimming method of brachycephalic tree body frame, it is characterized in that: described many major branches downgrade brachycephalic tree body frame, its trunk high 20 cm to 25 cm, 4 to 6, major branch, it is distributed in 55 cm to 65cm width shaping strip, major branch and horizontal base angle be 30 ° to 45 °, be uniformly distributed, non-overlapping copies;Secondary 2 to 3, major branch, horizontal base angle 15 ° to 30 ° it is equipped with on each major branch;Major branch or secondary major branch utilize gap and space uniform distribution big side shoot 3 to 5;Skeleton branch length at different levels are suitable, and membership relation is obvious.
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CN107466787A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-15 | 无为县雲桃家庭农场 | The pruning method of one planting fruit-trees |
CN108174709A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-19 | 湖北民族学院 | A kind of idesia downgrades tree-like shaping and trimming method |
CN114097458A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | 烟台现代果业发展有限公司 | Apple shaping and trimming method |
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Cited By (4)
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CN106941996A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-14 | 丽江市古城区班美课种养殖有限公司 | The shaping and trimming method that one seed pod Japanese apricot is stingless |
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CN108174709A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-19 | 湖北民族学院 | A kind of idesia downgrades tree-like shaping and trimming method |
CN114097458A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-03-01 | 烟台现代果业发展有限公司 | Apple shaping and trimming method |
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