CN105875166B - A kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko - Google Patents
A kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko Download PDFInfo
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- CN105875166B CN105875166B CN201610322422.XA CN201610322422A CN105875166B CN 105875166 B CN105875166 B CN 105875166B CN 201610322422 A CN201610322422 A CN 201610322422A CN 105875166 B CN105875166 B CN 105875166B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko, pass through the specific steps such as variety selection, seed treatment, the selection of nursery forest land, site preparation, sowing, irrigation, draining, seedling management.The present invention can make full use of forest land resources, be not take up arable land；Easy to operate without taking cool canopy, process is simple, and cost is relatively low；Tsaoko emergence rate improves 10%~20% up to 85%~90%, than the prior art, and is avoided that frost damage, catches an illness few, and adaptation environment is very fast after transplanting, is easier to reach fast-growing, stable and high yields；It is easy to apply and promote in production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine (forest economy) technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko.
Background technique
Tsaoko (Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire) be Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) Amomum plant
A kind of herbaceos perennial in object, the essential oil that tsaoko fruit extracts is for medicine and perfume industry；Tsaoko is that people are favorite
Season one of good merchantable brand and traditional Chinese medicine, wild tsaoko is grown in the rainy backwoods in subtropical zone, be mainly distributed on Yunnan Province of China,
Guangxi and Guizhou some areas San Sheng and some areas of Vietnam, Laos the north.
Tsaoko is one of commodity of food and medicament dual-purpose, with the improvement of people ' s living standards with health demand, the need of tsaoko
The amount of asking is increasing；Tsaoko is also one of the main forest economy crop greatly developed simultaneously, and carries out tsaoko artificial cultivation, first
First to solve the problems, such as tsaoko nursery.But now people carry out the generally existing emergence rate of tsaoko nursery it is low, vulnerable to frost damage and
The defect easily caught an illness.
Bionical nursery refers to the characteristic using hayashishita natural propagation and growth, and seed to be bred is sowed optimum
Hayashishita makes full use of the various advantages such as hayashishita temperature, light, water, gas, soil and beneficial microbe, realizes a kind of skill of nursery
Art means.Bionical nursery can also efficiently use land resource, arable land is not take up, without building shading net.
Chinese invention patent application 201310180080.9 discloses a kind of tsaoko method for culturing seedlings, and this application only relates to tsaoko
General field seedling-raising technique, there is also occupy cultivated land, emergence rate is not high the problems such as.
Summary of the invention
For solve emergence rate it is low, vulnerable to frost damage and easily catch an illness the problems such as, the present invention provides a kind of bionical nursery of tsaoko
Method can not only make full use of forest land resources, be not take up arable land, moreover it is possible to effectively improve emergence rate.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposal: a kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko, by following each step:
(1) variety selection: spindle or ovate tsaoko kind are selected, 6~8 years strain ages of selection, plant shape is compact, grows
Vigorous, no disease and pests harm plant abandons both ends in the fruit ear more than result, stays centre；
(2) it seed treatment: tears pericarp before sowing off and leaves silver gray seed, after soaking in sodium carbonate solution 0.5h, repeatedly
It is wrapped up after the wax coat of rubbing removing the surface of the seed with masking foil, is placed at shady and cool dark, is protected from light its seed 1~2 month；
(3) forest land (such as wax gourd tree or the China fir of evergreen broadleaf forest, coniferous forest or mixed forest the selection in nursery forest land: are selected
Tree etc.), timbered soil fertile soil is deep fertile, no disease and pests harm, and irrigation and drainage are convenient；
(4) canopy density adjust: adjustment forest land canopy density are 0.6~0.75；
(5) site preparation: removing the weeds and undershrub under forest land, and 10~25cm of soil deep tillage goes to cut weeds and root system, makes
Soil is sufficiently fine crushing, and applies the mixed material of organic fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer；Again according to landform do growth 1~
The ridge of 3m, wide 1.2~1.5m, and each ridge intersects anyhow in " product " font, keeps flowing water between each ridge unobstructed, wait sow；
(6) it sows: being 8~10kg by the kind of step (2) with application rate per acre annual December using disseminating or drilling
Son is sowed on the ridge of step (5), after planting 3~4cm of earthing, and is patted with spade with compacting soil；
(7) it irrigates: every ridge being subjected to overlay film, and trickle irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content, controls soil moisture > 50%；
(8) drain: every 20~40cm of ridge interval stays gutter, and the drainage trenching around nursery forest land；
(9) it manages: opening overlay film when tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carry out the seedling managements such as weeding and thinning work,
When tsaoko seedling it is long to > 45cm when, i.e. completion nursery can be transplanted.
The sodium carbonate liquor of the step (2) is that the mass ratio of sodium carbonate and water is the mixed solution of 1:5000.
10 ° of the forest land gradient ﹤ of the step (3), south or southeast slope aspect set high > 3m in forest land, do high > 1.5m, plant
Away from 4 × 5m.
The canopy density adjustment of the step (4) is to carry out layering trimming to the woods of canopy density > 0.75, keeps light uniform
Scattering is come in, and the branches and leaves under trimming to canopy density < 0.6% shade, and finally makes forest land canopy density 0.6~0.75.
The mixed material of the organic fertilizer of the step (5), phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer is by the organic of regular market purchase
Fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer are (90~100) in mass ratio: (4~6): (0.1~0.3) mix resulting mixed
Close object.
The advantages of present invention has and effect: the present invention limits forest land position, slope aspect, the gradient, Tree Species Selection, the closing of standing-crop
The regulation of degree, and ridge arrangement is limited in " product " font, so that flowing water is wriggled trickling to increase air humidity etc..The present invention is educated with tradition
Seedling is compared to having the following advantages: 1. traditional nursery need to build shading net, and when nearlyr generation frost liftoff due to shading net causes tsaoko
Seedling mortality, and forest higher (at white drop height) and leaf layering tsaoko is not vulnerable to frost or relatively light；2. tsaoko is cultivated in crop field
Seedling is gone up a hill when transplanting, and since environmental inadequacies has dead seedling and the longer feature of seedling-slowing stage, hayashishita tsaoko seedling has the death rate lower
It is short with seedling-slowing stage, ahead of time the advantages that fruiting；3. hayashishita sows environment and adapts to seed sprouting, emergence rate is higher；4. traditional field is normal
Year company does, and soil leaves that cause of disease is more, and tsaoko seedling susceptible gene is higher, and nursery rate of catching an illness in forest land is lower；5. hayashishita nursery does not account for
With arable land, it is not required to build shading net and uses material on the spot cost is relatively low.The present invention can make full use of forest land resources, be not take up cultivated
Ground；Easy to operate without taking cool canopy, process is simple, and cost is relatively low；Tsaoko emergence rate is improved up to 85%~90% than the prior art
10%~20%, and it is avoided that frost damage, it catches an illness few, adaptation environment is very fast after transplanting, is easier to reach fast-growing, stable and high yields；
It is easy to apply and promote in production.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below by specific implementation example.
Embodiment 1
Nursery forest land address: Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province Maguan County reaches by number reservoir
(1) variety selection: spindle or ovate tsaoko kind are selected, 6~8 years strain ages of selection, plant shape is compact, grows
Vigorous, no disease and pests harm plant abandons both ends in the fruit ear more than result, stays centre；
(2) it seed treatment: tears pericarp before sowing off and leaves silver gray seed, with the sodium carbonate liquor (matter of sodium carbonate and water
Amount than be 1:5000 mixed solution) impregnate 0.5h after, repeatedly rubbing remove the surface of the seed wax coat after wrapped up with masking foil,
It is placed at shady and cool dark, is protected from light its seed 1~2 month；
(3) selection in nursery forest land: the selection wax gourd woods, 8 ° of the forest land gradient, southern slope aspect set high > 5m, dry in forest land
High > 2m, 4 × 5m of seeding row spacing, canopy density 80%, timbered soil fertile soil is deep fertile, no disease and pests harm, and irrigation and drainage are convenient；
(4) canopy density adjust: layering trimming makes light homogenous diffusion come in, finally makes forest land canopy density 0.65；
(5) site preparation: removing the weeds and undershrub under forest land, and 10~25cm of soil deep tillage goes to cut weeds and root system, makes
Soil is sufficiently fine crushing, and apply organic fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer mixed material (three's mass ratio be 95:4.8:
0.2)；Do the ridge of 1~3m of growth, wide 1.2~1.5m according to landform again, and it is in " product " font that each ridge intersects anyhow, make each ridge it
Between flowing water it is unobstructed, wait sow；
(6) sow: use is disseminated or drilling, is that 8kg broadcasts the seed of step (2) with application rate per acre annual December
It plants on the ridge of step (5), after planting 3~4cm of earthing, and is patted with spade with compacting soil；
(7) it irrigates: every ridge being subjected to overlay film, and trickle irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content, controls soil moisture > 50%；
(8) drain: every 20~40cm of ridge interval stays gutter, and the drainage trenching around nursery forest land；
(9) it manages: opening overlay film when tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carry out the seedling managements such as weeding and thinning work,
When tsaoko seedling it is long to > 45cm when, i.e. completion nursery can be transplanted.
Up to 91%, the frost in the end of the year does not impact tsaoko seedling this example nursery tsaoko emergence rate, and seedling neat and consistent, disease
Insect pest is less.
Embodiment 2
Nursery forest land address: Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province Maguan County Gu Lin Qing Xiang
(1) variety selection: spindle or ovate tsaoko kind are selected, 6~8 years strain ages of selection, plant shape is compact, grows
Vigorous, no disease and pests harm plant abandons both ends in the fruit ear more than result, stays centre；
(2) it seed treatment: tears pericarp before sowing off and leaves silver gray seed, with the sodium carbonate liquor (matter of sodium carbonate and water
Amount than be 1:5000 mixed solution) impregnate 0.5h after, repeatedly rubbing remove the surface of the seed wax coat after wrapped up with masking foil,
It is placed at shady and cool dark, is protected from light its seed 1~2 month；
(3) selection in nursery forest land: selection fir tree forest land, 10 ° of forest land gradient ﹤, southeast slope aspect set high > in forest land
3m, high > 1.5m is done, 4 × 5m of seeding row spacing, timbered soil fertile soil is deep fertile, no disease and pests harm, and irrigation and drainage are convenient；
(4) canopy density adjust: layering trimming is carried out to the woods of canopy density > 0.75, light homogenous diffusion is made to come in, it is right
Branches and leaves under canopy density < 0.6% is trimmed shade, and finally make forest land canopy density 0.6~0.75；
(5) site preparation: removing the weeds and undershrub under forest land, and 10~25cm of soil deep tillage goes to cut weeds and root system, makes
Soil is sufficiently fine crushing, and apply organic fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer mixed material (three's mass ratio be 90:4:
0.1)；Do the ridge of 1~3m of growth, wide 1.2~1.5m according to landform again, and it is in " product " font that each ridge intersects anyhow, make each ridge it
Between flowing water it is unobstructed, wait sow；
(6) sow: use is disseminated or drilling, is that 9kg broadcasts the seed of step (2) with application rate per acre annual December
It plants on the ridge of step (5), after planting 3~4cm of earthing, and is patted with spade with compacting soil；
(7) it irrigates: every ridge being subjected to overlay film, and trickle irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content, controls soil moisture > 50%；
(8) drain: every 20~40cm of ridge interval stays gutter, and the drainage trenching around nursery forest land；
(9) it manages: opening overlay film when tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carry out the seedling managements such as weeding and thinning work,
When tsaoko seedling it is long to > 45cm when, i.e. completion nursery can be transplanted.
Up to 90%, the frost in the end of the year does not impact tsaoko seedling this example nursery tsaoko emergence rate, and seedling neat and consistent, disease
Insect pest is less.
Embodiment 3
Nursery forest land address: Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province Maguan County Gu Lin Qing Xiang
(1) variety selection: spindle or ovate tsaoko kind are selected, 6~8 years strain ages of selection, plant shape is compact, grows
Vigorous, no disease and pests harm plant abandons both ends in the fruit ear more than result, stays centre；
(2) it seed treatment: tears pericarp before sowing off and leaves silver gray seed, with the sodium carbonate liquor (matter of sodium carbonate and water
Amount than be 1:5000 mixed solution) impregnate 0.5h after, repeatedly rubbing remove the surface of the seed wax coat after wrapped up with masking foil,
It is placed at shady and cool dark, is protected from light its seed 1~2 month；
(3) selection in nursery forest land: the mixed forest forest land of selection Anlnus nepalensis and a small amount of pinus yunnanensis, 10 ° of forest land gradient ﹤, east
Southern slope aspect sets high > 3m in forest land, does high > 1.5m, and 4 × 5m of seeding row spacing, timbered soil fertile soil is deep fertile, no disease and pests harm,
Irrigation and drainage are convenient；
(4) canopy density adjust: layering trimming is carried out to the woods of canopy density > 0.75, light homogenous diffusion is made to come in, it is right
Branches and leaves under canopy density < 0.6% is trimmed shade, and finally make forest land canopy density 0.6~0.75；
(5) site preparation: removing the weeds and undershrub under forest land, and 10~25cm of soil deep tillage goes to cut weeds and root system, makes
Soil is sufficiently fine crushing, and apply organic fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer mixed material (three's mass ratio be 100:6:
0.3)；Do the ridge of 1~3m of growth, wide 1.2~1.5m according to landform again, and it is in " product " font that each ridge intersects anyhow, make each ridge it
Between flowing water it is unobstructed, wait sow；
(6) sow: use is disseminated or drilling, is that 10kg broadcasts the seed of step (2) with application rate per acre annual December
It plants on the ridge of step (5), after planting 3~4cm of earthing, and is patted with spade with compacting soil；
(7) it irrigates: every ridge being subjected to overlay film, and trickle irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content, controls soil moisture > 50%；
(8) drain: every 20~40cm of ridge interval stays gutter, and the drainage trenching around nursery forest land；
(9) it manages: opening overlay film when tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carry out the seedling managements such as weeding and thinning work,
When tsaoko seedling it is long to > 45cm when, i.e. completion nursery can be transplanted.
Up to 92%, the frost in the end of the year does not impact tsaoko seedling this example nursery tsaoko emergence rate, and seedling neat and consistent, disease
Insect pest is less.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko, it is characterised in that pass through following each step:
(1) variety selection: spindle or ovate tsaoko kind are selected, 6~8 years strain ages of selection, plant shape is compact, growth is prosperous
It contains, the plant of no disease and pests harm, both ends is abandoned in the fruit ear more than result, stay centre；
(2) seed treatment: tearing pericarp off and leave seed before sowing, after soaking in sodium carbonate solution 0.5h, rubbing removing kind repeatedly
It is wrapped up after the wax coat in sublist face with masking foil, is placed at shady and cool dark, is protected from light its seed 1~2 month；
(3) selection in nursery forest land: selecting the forest land of evergreen broadleaf forest, coniferous forest or mixed forest, and timbered soil fertile soil is deep
Fertile, no disease and pests harm, irrigation and drainage are conveniently；
(4) canopy density adjust: adjustment forest land canopy density are 0.6~0.75；Layering trimming, canopy density < 0.6 are carried out to woods
With trimming under branches and leaves shade, finally make forest land canopy density 0.6~0.75；
(5) site preparation: removing the weeds and undershrub under forest land, and 10~25cm of soil deep tillage goes to cut weeds and root system, makes soil
It is sufficiently fine crushing, and apply the mixed material of organic fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer；1~3m of growth, width are according to landform again
The ridge of 1.2~1.5m, and each ridge intersects anyhow in " product " font, wait sow；
(6) sow: use is disseminated or drilling, is that 8~10kg broadcasts the seed of step (2) with application rate per acre annual December
It plants on the ridge of step (5), after planting 3~4cm of earthing, and pats with compacting soil；
(7) it irrigates: every ridge being subjected to overlay film, and trickle irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content, controls soil moisture > 50%；
(8) drain: every 20~40cm of ridge interval stays gutter, and the drainage trenching around nursery forest land；
(9) it manages: opening overlay film when tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carry out seedling management work, when tsaoko seedling is long to >
When 45cm, i.e. completion nursery.
2. the bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the sodium carbonate liquor of the step (2)
It is the mass ratio of sodium carbonate and water is the mixed solution of 1:5000.
3. the bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the forest land gradient ﹤ of the step (3)
10 °, south or southeast slope aspect, set high > 3m in forest land, do high > 1.5m, 4 × 5m of seeding row spacing.
4. the bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the canopy density of the step (4) adjust
It is to canopy density > 0.75.
5. the bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: organic fertilizer, the phosphorus potassium of the step (5)
The mixed material of fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer is to be in mass ratio by the organic fertilizer of regular market purchase, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer
(90~100): (4~6): (0.1~0.3) carries out mixing resulting mixture.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112021093A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-04 | 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 | Bionic seedling raising method for amomum tsao-ko |
| CN112021092A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-04 | 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 | Amomum tsaoko planting method with high survival rate |
| CN112075272A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-15 | 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 | Green pest and disease damage prevention and control method for standardized planting of amomum tsao-ko |
| CN112136805A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-29 | 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 | Maintenance device for standardized planting of amomum tsao-ko and use method |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103262735A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-08-28 | 黄振忠 | Amomum tsao-ko seedling cultivating method |
| CN104094744A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-15 | 黄振忠 | Amomum tsaoko planting method |
| CN104429816A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-25 | 德宏傣族景颇族自治州*** | Large-scale moisture regulation and control method for promoting growth of amomum tsao-ko |
| CN104718942A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match |
| CN104718943A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving yield of Amomum tsao-ko through flower thinning |
| CN104838762A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Method for promoting germination of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie seed |
-
2016
- 2016-05-16 CN CN201610322422.XA patent/CN105875166B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104094744A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-15 | 黄振忠 | Amomum tsaoko planting method |
| CN103262735A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-08-28 | 黄振忠 | Amomum tsao-ko seedling cultivating method |
| CN104429816A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-25 | 德宏傣族景颇族自治州*** | Large-scale moisture regulation and control method for promoting growth of amomum tsao-ko |
| CN104718942A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match |
| CN104718943A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-24 | 云南农业大学 | Method for improving yield of Amomum tsao-ko through flower thinning |
| CN104838762A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Method for promoting germination of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie seed |
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