CN105123253A - Seedling method for paris polyphylla - Google Patents
Seedling method for paris polyphylla Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105123253A CN105123253A CN201510666303.1A CN201510666303A CN105123253A CN 105123253 A CN105123253 A CN 105123253A CN 201510666303 A CN201510666303 A CN 201510666303A CN 105123253 A CN105123253 A CN 105123253A
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- paris polyphylla
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling method for paris polyphylla. A large number of complete plants can be obtained by breaking dormancy of latent buds at a low temperature and then carrying out shoot-inducing and root-inducing treatment, so that large-scale industrial breeding of the paris polyphylla is achieved. According to the seedling method, the inhibiting effect of various latent buds on a single rootstock of the paris polyphylla is completely avoided; the propagation coefficient is increased to the maximal extent; the hereditary stability of the paris polyphylla variety is fully ensured; and meanwhile, the phenomenon that variation of seeds and tissue culture seedlings is easily generated is avoided. Compared with other propagation methods employing the rootstocks, the seedling method has the advantages that completely separate plants can be formed; and seedlings with a plurality of buds can also be formed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medicinal plant seedling growing process field, specifically a kind of paris polyphylla rapid induction goes out the propagation method of seedling.
Background technology
Paris polyphylla is herbaceos perennial, another name Typhonium divaricatum(L.) Decne, arrow, a careless river car etc.Wild paris polyphylla is distributed in the provinces such as Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, main producing region is the western Hunan in Hunan, the middle regions of the Yunnan Province in Yunnan, the western regions of the Yunnan Province and Northwest Yunnan, growth is 1400 ~ 3100m at height above sea level, average temperature of the whole year is 10 ~ 13 DEG C, the cool and cold climate of annual rainfall 850 ~ 1200mm, is born in evergreen broad-leaved forest, theropencedrymion, dark and damp place, hillside and shrub mountain region more.Paris polyphylla just enters reproductive stage after growing 5 ~ 6 years from seed germination.Paris polyphylla is used as medicine with rhizome, and autumn gathers.Its cold nature bitter, slightly poisonous, return Liver Channel, have clearing heat and detoxicating, swelling and pain relieving, the effects such as cool liver arresting convulsion, cure mainly furunculosis carbuncle and swell, abscess of throat, venomous snake bite, injuries from falls as well, the diseases such as convulsion.Modern pharmacological research proves, paris polyphylla has hemostasis, eliminate the phlegm and antibacterial, sedation and analgesia, Robust speaker feature kill the effect such as sperm, anti-cell poison, clinically be used for the treatment of functional uterine bleeding, neurodermatitis, surgery inflammation and tumour etc., there is significant curative effect.Domesticly with paris polyphylla be that the product of primary raw material has that Yunnan Baiyao series, Gong Xue Ning, heat poison are clear, antiviral granule, jidesheng sheyao tablets, paris polyphylla removing toxic substances tincture etc., the output value 4,000,000,000 yuan.Due to the poor growth of paris polyphylla rhizome, add that pharmacy corporation increases greatly to paris polyphylla raw materials requirement, paris polyphylla wild resource is excessively excavated for a long time disorderly, the supply of natural crude drugs constantly reduces, and can not meet domestic take paris polyphylla as the Production requirement of the pharmacy corporation of raw material.Paris polyphylla needs the time of more than 8 years from being seeded into harvesting utilization, pharmacy corporation is for obtaining more raw materials, and increase substantially paris polyphylla purchasing price, now good product purchasing price has reached 700 yuan/more than kg, is 16 ~ 30 times before 5 years.Purchasing price goes up and stimulates excessive the excavating of peasant again, excavates the speed of speed considerably beyond wild resource flourish, causes paris polyphylla to become scarce resource.The rare bottleneck having become the relevant pharmacy corporation large-scale production of restriction and sustainable development of paris polyphylla.Carry out paris polyphylla artificial cultivation, ensure medicinal material effective supply, meet pharmacy corporation demand, promote the well-being of mankind health, imperative.But there are some key technologies anxious to be captured in artificial cultivation paris polyphylla.
Paris polyphylla seed dormancy degree is high, sprouting is slow, the restriction of emergence rate unicellular lower eukaryote feature, and seed seedling breeding difficulty is large; Propagation of Rhizomes is not only because using vegetative reproduction, and paris polyphylla rhizome demand is large, and wild resource is fallen sharply, and kind of matter can be made to degenerate, and resistance declines; Up to now, the tissue cultures aspect of paris polyphylla is not yet achieved satisfactory results.Lack efficient sapling multiplication technology and perfect seedling breeding standards system, lack the key factor that the supply of paris polyphylla high quality seedling is restriction paris polyphylla cultivation fast development.
Publication number a kind of Yunnan Paris polyphylla fast seedling-cultivating method that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN104686133A, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps: in seed maturity first 30 days preparing nursery bed, select the soil that humus is more, first weed a garden, then plough deeply 20 ~ 25cm, be exposed to the sun more than 10 days, applying the compost or barnyard manure 1500Kg/ mu that become thoroughly decomposed afterwards, being mixed into when beating fine earth block in soil; Build shed with plastic film, shed is wide 3 meters, and high 1.5 meters, plastic film covers 90% sunshade net outward again, then that canopy cloth around shed is real by soil pressure; Respectively stay the passage of wide 30cm in the centre of shed and both sides, manage two high 10cm, the furrow of wide 1.2 meters; Seed full maturity, pericarp splits completely, ability picking fruit when seed coat reddens, and ensures that the embryonic development in seed is ripe, cuts whole for fruit, load in the clean container cleaned, wear sterilized plastic gloves and peel seed, be put in clean vessel after concentrating; Furrow face in booth is ticked the ditch of dark 6cm with hand or bar hoe, ditch is apart from 10cm; Then direct the fresh seeds just stripped out is seeded in ditch, spacing in the rows 5cm, then spreads a little carbendazim or tpn in furrow face; Again by floating for furrow face, the degree of depth keeping seed is 3cm; Last again at the dry and soft pin of furrow cover skim, cover native face with pine needle and be advisable; After building pine needle, with watering can or to have the water pipe of shower nozzle to water once permeable, water water management hydraulic pressure to prevent from going out seed or table soil being hardened, after having watered water, close tight for shed, the humidity of backsight soil watered a water every 10 ~ 15 days, till soil moisture, nursery stage is except base fertilizer, and composite fertilizer of not applying fertilizer or only take a morsel is dissolved in when watering in watering can and sprays; Inspected once every 5 days, weeds are had to pull out as early as possible, in the morning before 10 or at 4 in afternoon with laggard canopy, remain that shed is in sealing state therebetween, generally after planting 15 days seed coats will take off naturally, and namely 30 days seeds start to sprout, the root of 60 days seeds just can grow to 3 ~ 5cm, within 90 days, rear section seed grows acrial part, and the seed of about 80% was emerged before April next year, separately has within 20% three year, emerge.
The method of publication number a kind of Paris polyphylla seed seedling-raising that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN104255216A, it is characterized in that comprising following steps: seedbed of turning over, ploughing depth 10cm ~ about 15cm, and soil block is crushed to 1 ~ 2cm, and pick up de-stone block and weeds, smooth bedding.Furrow face width 110cm, furrow width 25cm, ditch depth 20cm.Seedbed is taken 3 ~ 4 layers of shading screen.Select full, maturation, disease-free, to go mouldy and the thousand kernel weight that damages is the Paris polyphylla seed of 40 ~ 70 grams, it is mixed with weight ratio 2: 1 with clean fine sand, rubbing removing exosper, clean, with mancozeb 80% wetting powder 500 times of liquid (wt/wt), wound disinfection is carried out to seed, rear 70mg/kg rooting powder solution seed soaking 1 hour, imbed in damp sand, after 25 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C process 24h ~ 72h, sow after waiting Paris polyphylla seed to take root, will moisturizing be noted during this period.Process seed is sown into humus soil and fine sand sowing with weight ratio 3:1.Seed covers 1.5 ~ 2cm thin soil layer, then lid layer grass in small, broken bits divides with water conservation.(4) seedling management: keep seedling stage the humidity of nursery room to be 50% ~ 70%, light transmittance 20% ~ 30%, emerge for 15 ~ 30 days.
Publication number a kind of method breaking the Paris polyphylla seed dormancy phase that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN102726144A, belongs to biological technical field.The technical solution adopted in the present invention concrete steps are as follows: (1) first ensures that the environmental temperature of Paris polyphylla seed is at 15-25 DEG C, and humidity is at 60-70%; (2) Paris polyphylla seed is placed in 35 DEG C of warm water to soak 36 hours; (3) by the Paris polyphylla seed after process, culture dish is placed in, in 450,000 volts of hyperbaric environments, every day 5-7 time, each lasting 2 hours; (4) 45 days seeds start to sprout, height of seedling 3-5cm after 60 days, about 90 days, can transplant to brooder and manage.The present invention breaks the resting stage of Paris polyphylla seed more than 1 year under natural conditions, can sprout, shorten the growth cycle of Paris polyphylla, have huge promotion meaning to the Paris polyphylla flourish as country's Wild Medicinal in imminent danger in short two months.
The Multiple Buds propagation method of the publication number long connective rhizoma paris rhizome of a kind of paris plant that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN101084715, is characterized in that: the rhizome getting long connective Paris polyphylla green tape bud for many years, as the propagating materials of inducing clumping bud; Remove the soil on rhizome, after bud, between the 3rd stem trace and the 5th stem trace, rhizome is cut into two sections with cutter, make propagating materials for one section that gets band bud; The whole year all can carry out; Propagating materials after process will be planted in time and be chosen fertile sand, the Seedlings nursery of sandy loam or the Seedlings nursery with vermiculite matrix composition into field; Seedlings nursery environmental requirement is sheltered from heat or light, ventilate, cool, moistening; The transplantation technique of Multiple Buds seedling; After segment process 2 ~ 4 years; Overground part plant turns to be yellow, and is about to seedling or the Miao Houshi that just fallen; Selection humus content is high, and soil is more moistening, and soil is more smooth, or has the sand loam plot of concealment condition to cultivate.
Publication number a kind of rhizoma paris rhizome high power cutting raise seedling method that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN101401523, it is characterized in that selecting stalwartness, anosis Yunnan rhizoma paris rhizome becomes segment by stipes crosscut, then every a bit of rip cutting is become fritter, ensure that each stripping and slicing is with stem trace, after stripping and slicing is put into the seedling bed completing humus soil or sandy soil, cover humus soil or the sandy soil of 3 ~ 5cm, the relative moisture keeping soil is 50 ~ 60%, 2nd year 9 ~ October, the stripping and slicing of band bud is heeled on seedling bed, the relative moisture keeping soil is 60 ~ 70%, degree of shading by 40 ~ 60% shades, land for growing field crops is transplanted after heeling in 1 year.Use the present invention, Yunnan rhizoma paris rhizome germination rate is 85-90%, and rooting rate is 40-50%, and reproduction coefficient improves more than 5 times than conventional Yunnan rhizoma paris rhizome segment seedling method.
The new technology of publication number a kind of fast asexual propagation of sprouting from magnificent rhizoma paris rhizome induced bundle that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN103430838A, it is characterized in that, technical step containing following: the perennial magnificent Paris polyphylla of (1), selection field production is healthy without damage by disease and insect plant, its rhizome fresh weight preferentially to select more than 80 grams, as breeding provenance, i.e. maternal plant; (2), in 7-8 month large Tanaka dug out as the magnificent rhizoma paris rhizome of vegetative propagation provenance, prescind acrial part with the cutter after sterilization, rhizome is for subsequent use; Also after gathering in the crops mature seed then, i.e. the 9-10 month, underground rhizome can be dug out, for subsequent use; (3), after fresh rhizome digs out, dry in the air 3-7 days, and with the cutter after sterilization in rhizome midline incision, incision length, depending on rhizome size, generally should comprise 3-6 joint; (4), after otch by magnificent rhizoma paris rhizome, especially cutting part is in the ABT rooting powder solution of 10-30ppm, or the Gibberellins solution immersion treatment 2-10 hour of 30-50ppm; (5), with ash sterilize magnificent rhizoma paris rhizome otch, to be stained with otch for degree, then after mixing with clean river sand and magnificent rhizoma paris rhizome to be wrapped up in ash and mix process, by spacing in the rows 20cm, line-spacing 25cm transplants plantation, above coated with the fine earth of thick about 5mm; (6), plantation after, at once use 50% carbendazol wettable powder 500-600 times liquid to the disinfecting soil sterilization processing of plant periphery; (7), after rhizome plantation, under the conditioning of humidity and ground temperature, incision after treatment forms Multiple Buds, is the incidence and the growth rate that improve Multiple Buds, should and weeding in real time, apply fertilizer, scaffolding shades; (8), Multiple Buds sprouts from maternal plant, and after the growth of about 1 year time, each magnificent Paris polyphylla maternal plant can produce more than 20 strain plantlets, and its bud, little rhizome, radicula all possess, and plantlet length reaches 2-10cm, and weight average reaches 2g; December, little rhizome is won from maternal plant, after ash process, transplant as magnificent Paris polyphylla seedling; Its transplanting method is undertaken by above-mentioned steps 1 to 7; (9) magnificent Paris polyphylla finished product is gathered in the crops after 3-4.
Publication number to be the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN104584842A a kind of Paris polyphylla bull polygerm volume increase breeding method, grow bud or plant under the steps include: bottom Paris polyphylla stem eye down 0.5-1.5cm place crosscut, before crosscut, cutting knife carries out disinfection; Carry out scraping after the bamboo chip sterilization clean to the rhizome tangent plane stayed in soil, the juice scraped spreads on the edge of tangent plane; On the cortex of tangent plane, scribing goes out one skewed slot, the rhizome in case tangent plane ponding rots; Set up rain shade above otch, in case fog precipitation etch tangent plane, after tangent plane is solid, remove rain shade; Tangent plane, or/and after bearing sprouting around tangent plane, carries out water and fertilizer management until rhizome generates.Individual month of 4-5 after process of the present invention, Paris polyphylla tangent plane and surrounding will grow 3-7 sprouting, and along with the growth and division result of sprouting, rhizome is grown up thereupon, and whole female rhizome just presents radial growth.Paris polyphylla tangent plane is on average sprouted the success rate surviving sprouting and is greater than 98%.It is radial growth that the present invention changes rhizoma paris rhizome simple interest, improves rhizome and seed production, alleviates the demand and supply contraction, for Paris polyphylla plantation provides a new technology.
The Propagation of Rhizomes breeding method of publication number a kind of Yunnan Paris polyphylla that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN104718963A, belongs to agricultural seedling growing process field.This method gets healthy finished product Yunnan Paris polyphylla in the November of last year, be cut into the irregular fritter as broad bean size, put into liquid medicine to soak 20 ~ 30 minutes, after drying moisture, put into insulating box and carry out treatment of wounds, 15 minutes are soaked again with the rooting powder solution of 15%, dry moisture after pulling out to put into and freeze storehouse and carry out dormancy process, dormancy is after 20 days, in 22 degree of insulating boxs, allow it break stop process 3 days, above processing procedure repeats 3 times, the Wen Shazhong that the rhizome that after third time completes, taking-up is handled well puts into 70% humidity carries out vernalization, about 35 days with regard to energy eruption brood cell, then transplant in April.What the present invention improve Yunnan Paris polyphylla effectively breeds speed, greatly reduces seedling cost; Control simultaneously and dynamics is excavated to wild Paris polyphylla, the protection of nature-ecology restriction is played a role.
The publication number quick tillering propagation technology of a kind of Paris polyphylla live body rhizome that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN104620805A.Solution prior art (seed, stripping and slicing, group training) sapling multiplication rate is low, problem that is slow, that consume a large amount of rhizome of emerging.The quick tillering propagation technology of a kind of Paris polyphylla live body rhizome, mainly comprises the following steps: the selection of (1) Paris polyphylla female parent; (2) topdress; (3) growing point is inspired; (4) terminal bud callus is transplanted; (5) transplantation of seedlings is gone out.Paris polyphylla live body rhizome carries out the method for quick tillering propagation, under the condition not destroying live body rhizome, blocks the former growing point of plant by Biological Principles, impel live body rhizoma paris rhizome to produce multiple spot and sprout.
Publication number a kind of magnificent Paris polyphylla seedling that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN102870564A fast, the method for efficient breeding, it is characterized in that, the 3-4 month after the beginning of spring, excavate magnificent rhizoma paris rhizome, select stalwartness, not damaged rots, without the perennial rhizome of damage by disease and insect, after sterilization, with the S 3307 solution-treated top bud point of 10-15mg/L, abolish its apical dominance; Carry out Stratificated treatment induction resting bud after drying to sprout, paving one deck China Paris polyphylla, repaves the humus soil of one deck 10cm, then repaves one deck China Paris polyphylla, repaves one deck humus soil, can spread 4-5 layer; Keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 70% to maintain ground moistening, through 8-9 month Stratificated treatment, take out the rhizome of Stratificated treatment, plant in nursery according in 15 × 15cm set of specifications after the resting bud on each joint is sprouted, resting bud sprouts seedling of being unearthed; Spring next year digs out rhizome, cutting point seedling is carried out according to the resting bud sprouted, with carbendazim 50% wetting powder 800 times of liquid (wt/wt) or with mancozeb 80% wetting powder 500 times of liquid (wt/wt), wound disinfection is carried out to bud seedling, use 60mg/kg rooting powder solution seed soaking seedling 2 hours afterwards, then concentrating according to 5-8cm × 5-8cm is put in seedbed, bud mouth upwards, spreads fertilizer over the fields family's animal manure fertilizer that one deck becomes thoroughly decomposed, is then covered with humus soil above.Shelter from heat or light with sunshade net after emerging spring next year, shade density is 70%.After seedling leaf launches completely, spraying 2-3 concentration is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.8wt%, promotes seedling early growth; 3rd year spring can dig out seedling for field production.
In sum, the cost of the low very difficult extensive development of germination rate and reduction seed seedling during employing paris polyphylla seed seedling-raising, and adopt paris polyphylla to carry out group training, greatly improve the cost of plantlet in vitro, delay paris polyphylla rhizome Time To Market, be difficult to make plantation family connect love, and be difficult to the economic benefit realizing raising peasant.Also be that documents and materials reported that to utilize band bud paris polyphylla rhizome to carry out point numerous, by the paris polyphylla rhizome with bud head separately, and do not have the little rhizome of the paris polyphylla of bud head to be followed by the paris polyphylla rhizome of bud head, cause its seed costs in planting process higher, and do not have the paris polyphylla of bud head little rhizome proportion very large, and it is very possible dead and waste in planting process, and adopt every year and nursery can only be made in this way to improve 6-8 doubly, the waste of paris polyphylla not with bud rhizome can be caused.Therefore, in order to meet the medicinal demand day by day increased, make full use of each little rhizome of paris polyphylla, go out paris polyphylla sprout for each little rhizome rapid induction, effectively improve reproduction coefficient, reduce the price of nursery, avoid and utilize paris polyphylla seminal propagation emergence rate extremely low, cultivating seeds process is loaded down with trivial details, and growth rate is slow, utilize fast breeding technique, realizing artificial cultivation is best solution.
Up to now, at home and abroad there is not yet about the direct report carrying out the multiple independent bud head of drug-induced formation for paris polyphylla rhizome on common seedling bed.We, by lot of experiments, finally finding out the method for a set of maturation, successfully achieve the Fast-propagation of paris polyphylla, can go out a large amount of seedling by quickly breeding, providing possibility for realizing industrialization artificial cultivation paris polyphylla.The successful foundation of paris polyphylla rhizome fast breeding technique method, can provide seedling for extensive artificial cultivation medicinal plant paris polyphylla, for modern science and technology agricultural provides a kind of practicable exploration project.
Summary of the invention
Because paris polyphylla is by problems such as bud head reproduction coefficient are too low, and have high input by existing during tissue culture technology group training cultivation seedling, the problems such as output is not high, therefore the object of this invention is to provide a kind of not high to nurturing an environment, drop into low, that reproduction coefficient is high paris polyphylla method for quickly breeding, reach applicable suitability for industrialized production, formulation efficacy is good, bud ratio is high, and incubation time is short, and plant strain growth is vigorous, workable, using value advantages of higher.
The seedling-cultivating method of paris polyphylla of the present invention, its concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) pretreatment of the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla: the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla selecting excavate annual 1 ~ February, excises former growing point and terminal bud, damages former growing point, excises the rhizome of not long fibrous root part, and cleans with 5 ~ 12% carbendazim solutions.
(2) low temperature treatment of the fresh stem tuber of paris polyphylla: each paris polyphylla bud head is perpendicularly cut into 4 ~ 8 fritters; after mixing with the grain active carbon after sterilization again; at 3 ~ 8 DEG C, relative moisture maintains 70 ~ 85%, carries out low temperature treatment 10 ~ 25 days.
(3) the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla lure bud process: after low temperature treatment terminates, take out each bud head and spray once short bud growth solution at interval of three days, every 100kg paris polyphylla rhizome sprays 7 ~ 15kg/ time, maintain relative moisture 70 ~ 85%, intensity of illumination 300 ~ 600LX, illumination every day 10 ~ 12h, temperature, at 15 ~ 22 DEG C, grows sprout in 25 ~ 35 days.
(4) the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla lure root process: after sprout grows, with educating root solution-treated totally three times, three times process interval time is 3 ~ 5 days, every 100kg paris polyphylla rhizome sprays 10 ~ 35kg/ time, cultivation temperature 15 ~ 22 DEG C, illumination every day 10 ~ 13 hours, intensity of illumination 600 ~ 900LX, relative moisture controls 60 ~ 75%, cultivates 25 ~ 40 days.
(5) the little transplantation of seedlings of paris polyphylla and field management: the paris polyphylla seedling with a large amount of fibrous root is taken out, be transplanted to again in Nutrition Soil, cultivation temperature 18 ~ 25 DEG C, illumination every day 8 ~ 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 1000LX, relative moisture controls 50 ~ 70%, transplants booth and is cultured to overground part and pours in separately seedling and terminate, be grafted directly to large Tanaka again to cultivate, land for growing field crops relative moisture controls 40 ~ 60%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C, and next year covers with two-layer sunshade net for 6 ~ September, adopts conventional paris polyphylla cultivation method to carry out management liquid manure and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
In a specific embodiment, the compound method of 5% carbendazim solution described in step (1) is take the powder of carbendazim 5g bought in market, and the water adding 95g carries out mixing.
In a specific embodiment, described in step (2), grain active carbon size is 1 ~ 10 order; The usage amount kg of grain active carbon is 0.2 ~ 10kg:1kg with paris polyphylla rhizome weight kg ratio.
In a specific embodiment, short bud growth solution described in step (3) refers to the aqueous solution of 6-BA (6-benzyl aminoadenine) containing 0.5 ~ 5g/L, 0.2 ~ 0.5g/LNAA (naa), 0.02 ~ 0.1g/LGA3 (gibberellin), 2% ~ 5% carbendazim.
In a specific embodiment, educate root solution described in step (4) and refer to the aqueous solution containing 0.8 ~ 2g/LNAA (naa), 1% ~ 3% carbendazim.
In a specific embodiment, Nutrition Soil described in step (4), can make by oneself, its formula is garden mould 3 ~ 5 parts, 3 ~ 6 parts, compost (farmers''s compost), river sand 2 ~ 3 parts, ash 1 ~ 2 part, mix, or direct market buys the happy farm fields soil of Lv Zhiyuan Co., Ltd of Zhengjiang City.
In a specific embodiment, conventional paris polyphylla cultivation management described in step (4), water management carries out moisturizing for adopting dropper mode; Fertilizer management is spill the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 of executing and crossing through composting to plantation land for growing field crops, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000kg (the cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200kg containing becoming thoroughly decomposed); From April, every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, every minor tick about 30 days; Diseased plant, for finding that paris polyphylla virus disease occurs, in sick cave with 5% octicin solution aqua, or is extracted by pest management; If find chafer harm 90% crystallization chlorophos, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid, spray in every 5 ~ 7 days 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times.
Technique effect:
(1) by removing main bud and segmentation low temperature treatment, thoroughly solving the problem that each resting bud is suppressed by main bud, can promote that paris polyphylla sprout produces, and greatly reduces seedling cost fast.
(2) the present invention and other utilization Propagation of Rhizomes method difference are, this method can not only form complete independent plants, and can also form the seedling of multiple bud head.
(3) use fast breeding technique provided by the invention to obtain paris polyphylla seedling, carry out artificial cultivation, transplanting survival rate is higher than plantlet in vitro, more can reform of nature environment fast, can shorten paris polyphylla Planting Years.
(4) depression effect on the single stem tuber of paris polyphylla between each potential sprout can be avoided completely by caulome dividing method; farthest increase paris polyphylla reproduction coefficient; fully ensure that the genetic stability of paris polyphylla kind; avoid the phenomenon that making a variation easily appears in seed and plantlet in vitro simultaneously; as far as possible farthest preserve the germ plasm resource of paris polyphylla; be conducive to protection paris polyphylla wild resource simultaneously, reduce the destruction to natural resources.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be further detailed by embodiment, but it is not limited to any one or similar example of these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Select the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla that January 20 excavated, clean with 7% carbendazim solution.Excise former growing point and terminal bud, damage former growing point, excise the rhizome of not long fibrous root part, the rhizome without bud head is used for medicinal.Each paris polyphylla bud head 10kg is perpendicularly cut into 4 ~ 8 fritters, then after mixing with 5 order grain active carbon 15kg after sterilization, at 3 DEG C, relative moisture maintains 75%, carries out low temperature treatment 15 days.After low temperature treatment terminates, short bud growth solution is sprayed once at interval of three days, short bud growth solution is the aqueous solution of 6-BA, 0.2g/LNAA containing 3g/L, 0.05g/LGA3,4% carbendazim, every 100kg paris polyphylla rhizome sprays short bud growth solution 10kg/ time, maintain relative moisture 80%, intensity of illumination 400 ~ 600LX, illumination every day 10h, temperature, at 18 DEG C, grows sprout in 28 days.After sprout grows, with educating root solution-treated totally three times, educating root solution is the aqueous solution containing 0.8g/LNAA, 2% carbendazim, three times process interval time is 5 days, and every 100kg paris polyphylla rhizome sprays 20kg/ time, cultivation temperature 20 DEG C, illumination every day 10 hours, intensity of illumination 700LX, relative moisture controls 70%, cultivates 35 days.Paris polyphylla seedling with a large amount of fibrous root is taken out, be transplanted in Nutrition Soil (nutritive soil preparation is garden mould 4 parts, 6 parts, farmers''s compost, river sand 2 parts, ash 1 part) again, cultivation temperature 23 DEG C, illumination every day 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700LX, relative moisture controls 60%, transplants booth and is cultured to overground part and pours in separately seedling and terminate.Process 500 paris polyphyllas as stated above containing bud head rhizome, obtain 2490 strain seedlings, paris polyphylla overground part pour in separately seedling terminate after (about annual November) start to transplant land for growing field crops, land for growing field crops relative moisture controls 50%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C, and next year covers with two-layer sunshade net for 6 ~ September, and water management carries out moisturizing for adopting dropper mode; Fertilizer management is spill the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 of executing and crossing through composting to plantation land for growing field crops, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000kg (the cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200kg containing becoming thoroughly decomposed); From April, every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, every minor tick about 30 days; Diseased plant, for finding that paris polyphylla virus disease occurs, in sick cave with 5% octicin solution aqua, or is extracted by pest management; If find chafer harm 90% crystallization chlorophos, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid, spray in every 5 ~ 7 days 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times.Obtained seedling has been survived after field planting 2474 strain seedlings, survival rate reaches 99.36%.
Embodiment 2
Select the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla that February 5 excavated, clean with 8% carbendazim solution.Excise former growing point and terminal bud, damage former growing point, excise the rhizome of not long fibrous root part.Each paris polyphylla bud head 10kg is perpendicularly cut into 4 ~ 8 fritters, then after mixing with 4 order grain active carbon 16kg after sterilization, at 4 DEG C, relative moisture maintains 80%, carries out low temperature treatment 18 days.After low temperature treatment terminates, short bud growth solution 1.2kg is sprayed once at interval of three days, short bud growth solution is the aqueous solution of 6-BA, 0.4g/LNAA containing 4g/L, 0.06g/LGA3,5% carbendazim, maintain relative moisture 80%, intensity of illumination 300 ~ 400LX, illumination every day 10h, temperature, at 19 DEG C, grows sprout in 25 days.After sprout grows, with educating root solution-treated totally three times, three times process interval time is 4 days, every 10kg paris polyphylla rhizome sprays and educates root solution 1.8kg/ time, and educating root solution is the aqueous solution containing 1.2g/LNAA, 2% carbendazim, cultivation temperature 19 DEG C, illumination every day 11 hours, intensity of illumination 600 ~ 900LX, relative moisture controls 70%, cultivates 35 days.Paris polyphylla seedling with a large amount of fibrous root is taken out, be transplanted in Nutrition Soil (nutritive soil preparation is garden mould 3 parts, 6 parts, farmers''s compost, river sand 3 parts, ash 1 part) again, cultivation temperature 24 DEG C, illumination every day 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 800LX, relative moisture controls 65%, transplants booth and is cultured to overground part and pours in separately seedling and terminate.As stated above process 400 paris polyphylla rhizomes, obtain 2146 strain seedlings, paris polyphylla overground part pour in separately seedling terminate after (about annual November) start to transplant land for growing field crops, land for growing field crops relative moisture controls 50%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C, and next year covers with two-layer sunshade net for 6 ~ September, and water management carries out moisturizing for adopting dropper mode; Fertilizer management is spill the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 of executing and crossing through composting to plantation land for growing field crops, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000kg (the cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200kg containing becoming thoroughly decomposed); From April, every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, every minor tick about 30 days; Diseased plant, for finding that paris polyphylla virus disease occurs, in sick cave with 5% octicin solution aqua, or is extracted by pest management; If find chafer harm 90% crystallization chlorophos, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid, spray in every 5 ~ 7 days 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times.Obtained seedling has been survived after field planting 2136 strain seedlings, survival rate reaches 99.53%.
Embodiment 3
Select the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla that January 20 excavated, clean with 9% carbendazim solution.Excise former growing point and terminal bud, damage former growing point, excise the rhizome of not long fibrous root part.Each paris polyphylla bud head 10kg is perpendicularly cut into 4 ~ 8 fritters, then after mixing with 3 order grain active carbon 20kg after sterilization, at 6 DEG C, relative moisture maintains 75%, carries out low temperature treatment 20 days.After low temperature treatment terminates, short bud growth solution is sprayed once at interval of three days, short bud growth solution is the aqueous solution of 6-BA, 0.3g/LNAA containing 2.5g/L, 0.07g/LGA3,4% carbendazim, every 100kg paris polyphylla rhizome sprays short bud growth solution 13kg/ time, maintain relative moisture 85%, intensity of illumination 400 ~ 600LX, illumination every day 10h, temperature, at 16 DEG C, grows sprout in 32 days.After sprout grows, with educating root solution-treated totally three times, educating root solution is the aqueous solution containing 1g/LNAA, 2% carbendazim, three times process interval time is 5 days, and every 10kg paris polyphylla rhizome sprays 2.2kg/ time, cultivation temperature 20 DEG C, illumination every day 10 hours, intensity of illumination 700LX, relative moisture controls 75%, cultivates 35 days.Paris polyphylla seedling with a large amount of fibrous root is taken out, be transplanted in Nutrition Soil (nutritive soil preparation is garden mould 1 part, 7 parts, farmers''s compost, river sand 4 parts, ash 1 part) again, cultivation temperature 23 DEG C, illumination every day 8 ~ 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 1000LX, relative moisture controls 65%, transplants booth and is cultured to overground part and pours in separately seedling and terminate.Process 500 paris polyphyllas as stated above containing bud head rhizome, obtain 2612 strain seedlings, paris polyphylla overground part pour in separately seedling terminate after (about annual November) start to transplant land for growing field crops (booth is cultivated and gone to field production), land for growing field crops relative moisture controls 55%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C, and next year covers with two-layer sunshade net for 6 ~ September, and water management carries out moisturizing for adopting dropper mode; Fertilizer management is spill the cake fertilizer (cake-shaped rape seed dregs: tea oil residule 3:1 or 2:1 of executing and crossing through composting to plantation land for growing field crops, admix the pre-insect-pest of the withered energy of tea) mix farmyard manure (through composting or burnt, to kill weed seed, worm's ovum and germ), every mu applies 1000 ~ 2000kg (the cake fertilizer 150 ~ 200kg containing becoming thoroughly decomposed); From April, every mu applies 1:3 people and animals liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg, every minor tick about 30 days; Diseased plant, for finding that paris polyphylla virus disease occurs, in sick cave with 5% octicin solution aqua, or is extracted by pest management; If find chafer harm 90% crystallization chlorophos, 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid, spray in every 5 ~ 7 days 1 time, connects spray 2 ~ 3 times.Obtained seedling has been survived after field planting 2598 strain seedlings, survival rate reaches 99.46%.
Comparative examples 1
The method being CN102870564A according to publication number is carried out: the mid-March after the beginning of spring, excavate magnificent rhizoma paris rhizome, select stalwartness, not damaged rots, without 500, the perennial rhizome of damage by disease and insect, after sterilization, with the S 3307 solution-treated top bud point of 10-15mg/L, abolish its apical dominance; Carry out Stratificated treatment induction resting bud after drying to sprout, paving one deck China Paris polyphylla, repaves the humus soil of one deck 10cm, then repaves one deck China Paris polyphylla, repaves one deck humus soil, can spread 4-5 layer; Keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil 70% to maintain ground moistening, through 8-9 month Stratificated treatment, take out the rhizome of Stratificated treatment, plant in nursery according in 15 × 15cm set of specifications after the resting bud on each joint is sprouted, resting bud sprouts seedling of being unearthed; Spring next year digs out rhizome, cutting point seedling is carried out according to the resting bud sprouted, obtain 1640 paris polyphylla seedlings, with carbendazim 50% wetting powder 800 times of liquid (wt/wt) or with mancozeb 80% wetting powder 500 times of liquid (wt/wt), wound disinfection is carried out to bud seedling, use 60mg/kg rooting powder solution seed soaking seedling 2 hours afterwards, then concentrating according to 5-8cm × 5-8cm is put in seedbed, bud mouth upwards, spread fertilizer over the fields family's animal manure fertilizer that one deck becomes thoroughly decomposed above, be then covered with humus soil.Shelter from heat or light with sunshade net after emerging spring next year, shade density is 70%.After seedling leaf launches completely, spraying 2-3 concentration is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.8wt%, promotes seedling early growth; 3rd year spring dug out and survives seedling 1457 for field production, and individual plant survival rate is to 88.84%.
Comparative examples 2
The method being CN104620805A according to publication number is carried out: select base condition good, field planting more than 5 years, rhizome weight more than 90 grams, the vigorous paris polyphylla of plant strain growth is as female parent.On the basis of Routine Management, from the growth animated period of paris polyphylla in June, the fertilizer being rich in calcium, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen is imposed every 45 days, topdress 3 times, by 135 kilograms every mu fertilisings, keep soil moisture 65%, control to shade rate 75%, for female parent has stored nutrient, sprout tillering propagation for multiple spot in the coming year and accumulate nutrient.Paris polyphylla in December ground plant to seedling, when sprouting is not yet unearthed, pushes earthing aside and find terminal bud, excise former growing point and terminal bud, damage former growing point, impel the growing point that paris polyphylla rhizomatic germination is new.The terminal bud otch of excision carries out callus process, available scar spirit directly smears covering at wound, do callus process 500 directly to transplant afterwards, earthing after transplanting, forbid watering in one week and drench with rain, because live body paris polyphylla rhizome is in hibernation, its water nutrition consumption is little, can supply moisture by radicula.Can sprout to the growing point that next year 3-5 month is new and grow sprouting and emerge.Sprouting is after seedling is fallen in the growth of a year, and carried out by each sprout separately, obtain 1568 seedlings, directly by little transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops, 1354 seedlings survive, and survival rate is to 86.35%.
Claims (5)
1. a seedling-cultivating method for paris polyphylla, its concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) pretreatment of the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla: the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla selecting excavate annual 1 ~ February, excises former growing point and terminal bud, damages former growing point, excises the rhizome of not long fibrous root part, and cleans with 5 ~ 12% carbendazim solutions;
(2) low temperature treatment of the fresh stem tuber of paris polyphylla: each paris polyphylla bud head is perpendicularly cut into 4 ~ 8 fritters, after mixing with the grain active carbon after sterilization again, at 3 ~ 8 DEG C, relative moisture maintains 70 ~ 85%, carries out low temperature treatment 10 ~ 25 days;
(3) the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla lure bud process: after low temperature treatment terminates, take out each bud head and spray once short bud growth solution at interval of three days, every 100kg paris polyphylla rhizome sprays 7 ~ 15kg/ time, maintain relative moisture 70 ~ 85%, intensity of illumination 300 ~ 600LX, illumination every day 10 ~ 12h, temperature, at 15 ~ 22 DEG C, grows sprout in 25 ~ 35 days;
(4) the fresh rhizome of paris polyphylla lure root process: after sprout grows, with educating root solution-treated totally three times, three times process interval time is 3 ~ 5 days, every 100kg paris polyphylla rhizome sprays 10 ~ 35kg/ time, cultivation temperature 15 ~ 22 DEG C, illumination every day 10 ~ 13 hours, intensity of illumination 600 ~ 900LX, relative moisture controls 60 ~ 75%, cultivates 25 ~ 40 days;
(5) the little transplantation of seedlings of paris polyphylla and field management: the paris polyphylla seedling with a large amount of fibrous root is taken out, be transplanted to again in Nutrition Soil, cultivation temperature 18 ~ 25 DEG C, illumination every day 8 ~ 12 hours, intensity of illumination 700 ~ 1000LX, relative moisture controls 50 ~ 70%, transplants booth and is cultured to overground part and pours in separately seedling and terminate, be grafted directly to large Tanaka again to cultivate, land for growing field crops relative moisture controls 40 ~ 60%; Temperature controls at 10 ~ 30 DEG C, and next year covers with two-layer sunshade net for 6 ~ September, adopts conventional paris polyphylla cultivation method to carry out management liquid manure and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
2. method according to claim 1, the compound method of 5% carbendazim solution described in step (1) is take the powder of carbendazim 5g bought in market, and the water adding 95g carries out mixing.
3. method according to claim 1, described in step (2), grain active carbon size is 1 ~ 10 order; The usage amount kg of grain active carbon is 0.2 ~ 10kg:1kg with paris polyphylla rhizome weight kg ratio.
4. method according to claim 1, short bud growth solution described in step (3) refers to the aqueous solution of 6-BA, 0.2 ~ 0.5g/LNAA containing 0.5 ~ 5g/L, 0.02 ~ 0.1g/LGA3,2% ~ 5% carbendazim.
5. method according to claim 1, educates root solution and refers to the aqueous solution containing 0.8 ~ 2g/LNAA, 1% ~ 3% carbendazim described in step (4).
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