CN105848533A - 用于无人机递送的着陆垫 - Google Patents

用于无人机递送的着陆垫 Download PDF

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CN105848533A
CN105848533A CN201480071450.8A CN201480071450A CN105848533A CN 105848533 A CN105848533 A CN 105848533A CN 201480071450 A CN201480071450 A CN 201480071450A CN 105848533 A CN105848533 A CN 105848533A
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bumping
bumping pad
pad
storage room
parcel
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CN105848533B (zh
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雷恩·威尔士
亚历山大·J·菲尔茨
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Waocari Holdings Co ltd
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Blacknight Holdings LLC
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    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
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    • A01M29/16—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using sound waves
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    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G29/00—Supports, holders, or containers for household use, not provided for in groups A47G1/00-A47G27/00 or A47G33/00 
    • A47G29/14—Deposit receptacles for food, e.g. breakfast, milk, or large parcels; Similar receptacles for food or large parcels with appliances for preventing unauthorised removal of the deposited articles, i.e. food or large parcels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G29/00—Supports, holders, or containers for household use, not provided for in groups A47G1/00-A47G27/00 or A47G33/00 
    • A47G29/14—Deposit receptacles for food, e.g. breakfast, milk, or large parcels; Similar receptacles for food or large parcels with appliances for preventing unauthorised removal of the deposited articles, i.e. food or large parcels
    • A47G29/141—Deposit receptacles for food, e.g. breakfast, milk, or large parcels; Similar receptacles for food or large parcels with appliances for preventing unauthorised removal of the deposited articles, i.e. food or large parcels comprising electronically controlled locking means
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F1/00—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
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    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U80/00—Transport or storage specially adapted for UAVs
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    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/0202—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to aircraft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G29/00—Supports, holders, or containers for household use, not provided for in groups A47G1/00-A47G27/00 or A47G33/00 
    • A47G29/14—Deposit receptacles for food, e.g. breakfast, milk, or large parcels; Similar receptacles for food or large parcels with appliances for preventing unauthorised removal of the deposited articles, i.e. food or large parcels
    • A47G29/141—Deposit receptacles for food, e.g. breakfast, milk, or large parcels; Similar receptacles for food or large parcels with appliances for preventing unauthorised removal of the deposited articles, i.e. food or large parcels comprising electronically controlled locking means
    • A47G2029/146—Deposit receptacles for food, e.g. breakfast, milk, or large parcels; Similar receptacles for food or large parcels with appliances for preventing unauthorised removal of the deposited articles, i.e. food or large parcels comprising electronically controlled locking means the receptacle comprising identification means, e.g. a bar code
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G29/00—Supports, holders, or containers for household use, not provided for in groups A47G1/00-A47G27/00 or A47G33/00 
    • A47G29/14—Deposit receptacles for food, e.g. breakfast, milk, or large parcels; Similar receptacles for food or large parcels with appliances for preventing unauthorised removal of the deposited articles, i.e. food or large parcels
    • A47G29/141—Deposit receptacles for food, e.g. breakfast, milk, or large parcels; Similar receptacles for food or large parcels with appliances for preventing unauthorised removal of the deposited articles, i.e. food or large parcels comprising electronically controlled locking means
    • A47G2029/147—Deposit receptacles for food, e.g. breakfast, milk, or large parcels; Similar receptacles for food or large parcels with appliances for preventing unauthorised removal of the deposited articles, i.e. food or large parcels comprising electronically controlled locking means the receptacle comprising heating or cooling means
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    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
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    • B64U2201/10—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
    • B64U2201/104—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS] using satellite radio beacon positioning systems, e.g. GPS
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Abstract

一种接收和储存由无人机递送的包裹的着陆垫正在等待由飞行器拾取。着陆垫可以放置在窗户之外，并且可以包括发射器，所述发射器经由无线电频率发出识别信号以帮助飞行器找到所述着陆垫。着陆垫包括着陆平台以及通向储存室的活板门。活板门可被构造成仅在收到来自授权的飞行器的信号时打开。储存室可经由可包括锁定机构的储存室门而进入。贮藏室可以是气候控制的。着陆垫还可以具有发出声音以防止动物停留在着陆垫上或附近的发射器。着陆垫还可以包括太阳能发电机作为电能来源。

Description

用于无人机递送的着陆垫
本申请涉及2014年1月2日提交的美国临时申请序列号为No.61/923,207的标题为“用于接收来自无人机的包裹的着陆垫(LandingPadForReceivingPackagesFromUnmannedAerialVehicles)”并要求其优先权。该‘207临时申请在此通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及经由无人机——也常常被称为遥控飞机——发送/接收包裹的着陆垫的使用。一个实施例涉及将所述设备安装在窗户中，以便可由居住在高层的住户使用。
背景技术
网上或远程购物在过去十年中已经迅速发展，目前占售出品的8％以上，销售额在2012年高达$2260亿，并预计到2016年攀升至$3270亿。远程购物提供了许多好处，包括：允许客户从世界上几乎任何地方的店购物；消除了从传统零售店位置进行运输、储存和销售的相关成本；并允许制造商和分销商到达更大的目标市场。随着网络星期一(CyberMonday)的发展，网购或远程购物的增长趋势已明确增加。
然而，尽管有这些优点，远程购物并不是没有缺点。这些缺点中最突出的是购买物品和使其送达之间的滞后时间。除了可以在互联网上下载的数字产品外，大部分远程购买的商品需要被递送到用户的家或公司。这通常需要数天，甚至数星期，并承担传统包裹递送的内在成本、危险和障碍。时限和距离的变化是由于当前物流和运输模式的固有缺点。
多家公司正尝试通过在某些城市提供当天送达来使购买和递送之间的延迟减到最小。然而，这成本很高并且效率很低，因为它需要大量的待命人员在商品被购买时出行递送商品。这不仅增加了递送成本，而且还增加了交通拥堵和碳排放量，因为有更多的人出行做递送。
不具有常规当天送达的缺点的改进的递送服务的一个建议是，利用无人驾驶的飞行器/无人机。低飞的无人机，如四轴飞行器和八旋翼飞行器(octocopters)可以被用来自远程操作员的全球定位***技术、遥测、元数据和/或命令来携带中小型包裹并将中小型包裹直接递送到已知位置。一旦购买，这些无人机保证会比人递送更具成本效益，并很可能更快，因为它们能够绕过交通，并且不局限于遵循铺设的道路。
随着消费者对当天送达的需求增加，无人机将迅速成为许多递送服务和企业的可行技术。实施无人机的公司将以更少的开销、更低的成本比使用常规递送方法的公司达到更大的市场。
尽管具有许多优点，使用无人机来递送包裹的潜在问题之一是，它们的使用会增加包裹盗窃。这个问题是由于无人机从地面可见并且通常具有比传统的卡车递送更短的范围。潜在的盗贼将能够跟随无人机到其目的地，并在无人机离开收件人的家门口后盗窃包裹。
当包裹的目的地是具有高密度人口的区域时，使用无人机递送包裹产生了另一问题。在容纳数千住户和繁忙街道的高层建筑区域，包裹根本不能被留在建筑物前方。这不仅鼓励盗窃，还将产生公共安全隐患，因为门和街道会很快被堵塞。目前，处理这个问题是通过为建筑物设一门卫来为该建筑的住户接收包裹。然而，这种当前设置不能使用无人机，因为无人机不能打开门或按门铃。
利用无人机递送包裹的另一个问题是障碍，例如低挂的树枝或有遮盖的门廊，障碍会让递送操作性很低，即使不是不可能将货物递送到地面水平亦是如此，并且将产生诸多不确定性，导致由于无人机上需要更多传感器而使递送更昂贵，或者使特定区域不能够接收递送。这些问题中的许多问题在无人机到达递送位置之前不会知道，使得问题更复杂。
随着亚马逊宣布亚马逊PrimeAir无人机递送的标准形式，其它递送服务将很快开始采用递送的新形式。通过改革递送服务的能力，当务之急是开发适当的基础设施以确保成功实施无人机递送。需要的是一种从无人机接收包裹并安全防盗的设备。
发明内容
具有安全储存室或箱的着陆垫可以用来为无人机提供方便且安全的地方以递送和/或拾取包裹。着陆垫可构造成装配到标准窗户中，使得更容易接近无人机，并且不易被盗。着陆垫也可以构造成独立的，设置在屋顶或在地上。
无人机着陆垫可以类似基于可调窗户的空调装置一样固定到标准尺寸的窗户。在一些实施例中，着陆垫可以具有适当的可调节性以满足更多不同的窗户尺寸。面向建筑内的部分可具有数字界面以及通向可锁定的腔室的门。然后，着陆垫从窗向外伸出；产生用于无人机着陆的平台以及在包裹被递送时和/或被拾取之前固定包裹。
着陆垫被安装到建筑的方法包括但不限于：架；粘合剂；磁铁；或将着陆垫固定到建筑物的其它方法。随着具有关于外部硬件的严格的法规和规章的许多大型建筑和高级公寓/公寓楼的开发，将所述垫安装和固定到窗户的方法可以有上面列出的选择，以允许最大数量的人从这项技术中获益。
在一些实施例中，着陆垫的(多个)外表面可以包括LED或(多个)其它显示面板。这允许着陆垫显示信息如时间、广告和/或装饰特征。在一些实施例中，多个着陆垫可放置在同一建筑上并联网以共同产生视觉设计，非常类似于高层建筑经常被黑掉某些窗户来形成文字和/或设计。
着陆垫的动力可来自太阳能、电池能量、墙壁插座的电能或任何其它输送能量的方法，包括但不限于所列出的动力源的组合。
在一些实施例中，着陆垫可以作为无人机的充电站。可以使用用于改变无人机的各种方法，包括感应充电，和/或直接允许无人机***到着陆垫中。通过允许无人机在着陆垫充电，无人机将能够进行长途行程和/或携带更重的负载。
在一个实施例中，着陆垫包括发射器，其通过无线电频率发射唯一的的ID以帮助无人机识别它。在识别着陆垫后，无人机行进到从窗户伸出的着陆平台，着陆并释放其包裹。收到来自无人机的包裹已送达的信号的着陆垫打开着陆平台上的活板门以使包裹进入储存室。在一个替代实施例中，活板门在包裹实际送达之前打开，以减少包裹被从着陆平台内的安全位置排出或移除的机会。
位于着陆垫上的储存门通向建筑内并允许访问储存室。在一些实施例中，储存门包括一个锁以减少包裹被盗的机会。锁可以通过数字方式例如密码、代码或生物扫描如指纹识别或视网膜扫描来打开；或锁可以通过机械装置如钥匙打开。打开锁定的储存室可以通过设备本身发生，或者可以例如通过智能电话基于可以远程配置、固定或打开所述设备的应用程序来遥控打开。
可包括在所述设备的设计和方法中的一个选择性特征是除了设备自身上的信号或集成到家庭智能***的信号之外还通过短信或电邮通知的方法告知收件人包裹送达。
另一个可选特征是着陆垫可气候控制。可控制的储存室的各种元件包括但不限于温度、湿度和光设置。可以使用传统的气候控制机制，包括空调、电和气体加热器、红外线加热器、除湿器和/或增湿器。在一些实施例中，可以使用各种绝缘材料来使着陆垫更有效。
在至少一个实施例中，着陆垫可配置成基于被投放和/或拾取的物品来改变器储存箱的气候。例如，在一些情况下，如果要投放应保持温暖的物品，如比萨饼，着陆垫可配置成保持所述储存箱温暖以使该物品在收件人到家时是准备好的。同样，当投放应保持低温的物品例如某些药品时，储存箱可以保持低温。在其它或相同的实施例中，储存箱可以从包括但不限于用户、网络和/或无人机的多个来源接收关于待投放的物品的信息。
在一些实施例中，着陆垫可配置成基于用户输入调节气候。例如，在一个实施例中，冷冻食品可在收件人在上班的上午投放。已经收到食物的着陆垫可以保持食物冷藏直到用户到家，或用户通过物理信号和/或电信号告知着陆垫应加热该食物。这样，可以在收件人到家前递送、储存和烹饪冷藏食品。
在一些实施例中，着陆垫可构造成减小风的阻力，以防止它在强风中分离。在其它或相同实施例中，着陆垫可配置成当不使用时折叠在窗户内以减小风的阻力。
着陆垫可以由各种材料制成，包括但不限于铝、不锈钢、碳纤维和其它防锈材料。储存室的内部可以由抗菌材料制成，以防止霉菌生长并保持食品卫生。
附图说明
图1是着陆垫的侧视图。
图2是图1中的着陆垫的后视图。
图3是图1中的着陆垫的俯视图。
图4是图1中的着陆垫的仰视图。
图5A、5B和5C示出了无人机的递送阶段。
图6A和6B示出了包裹实际递送到着陆垫。
图7A、7B和7C示出了着陆垫的使用。
具体实施方式
图1、2、3和4示出了相同的着陆垫1的各种视角。
图1是着陆垫1的侧视图。着陆垫1设计成***到窗户中，很像窗式空调，着陆平台2和储存室3的大部分伸出窗外。这样，无人机可以降落在着陆平台2上并将其包裹投放到储存室3中。然后用户可以通过通向室内的储存门10(见图2)取出包裹。
着陆平台2和储存室3通过支架4支承，该支架可以附接到建筑物的外部。可选的应答器(未示出)可以使用无线电频率来发射对应于着陆垫1的唯一ID以与GPS一起帮助无人机找到着陆垫1。这个应答器可以与其它电子设备被容纳在电子设备外壳5中。
在一些实施例中，储存室3包括传送带(未示出)，该传送带在包裹已送达之后使包裹朝窗户(未示出)移动，和/或当包裹被无人机拾取时使包裹远离窗户移动。在一些实施例中，储存室3具有液压***，该液压***可以使储存室3的地板或整个储存室倾斜，以帮助将任何包裹朝向和/或远离窗户移动。
在一些实施例中，储存室3可以可膨胀以允许更大的包裹，并且在不使用储存室3时减少风的阻力。
图2示出着陆垫1的后视图，如建筑物内的用户可以看到的视图。储存门10通向室内，但是它也可以推入储存室3，并允许访问储存室3。
可选的锁6可施用到储存门10以增加安全性。锁6可以是机械的、电子的或两者兼有，并且可以通过物理物体如钥匙、钥匙卡、指纹(或其它生物标识)，通过例如经由键盘或语音识别器提供密码，或通过物理物体和密码两者的组合而被打开。如果着陆垫1安装在面向共用的房间如公寓的走廊或大厅的窗户时，锁6时特别有用。
可以想象大型的摩天大楼具有专用于无人机递送的楼层，住户在楼层中安装有个人的着陆垫。如果不想着陆垫1挡住私人窗户的风景，或者如果在高楼中对有效的无人机递送而言住得过高或过低，可以选择这种类型的设置。
图3是着陆垫1的俯视图。图3示出了着陆平台2上的活板门8，该活板门在无人机将包裹留在着陆平台1上时通向储存室。活板门8可以弹簧加载并通过重力激活。但是，这可导致问题，因为它会允许动物如鸟类或松鼠激活活板门8并找到方法进入用户家中。此外，轻质的包裹可能重量不足以打开活板门8。最后，假设着陆垫1可以很容易地接近，如果活板门8被允许自由摆动打开，盗贼很容易从储存室3盗窃。
为了解决这些问题，活板门8可以配置成仅通过磁场和/或机械装置被打开。在一个实施例中，递送包裹的无人机发送包裹在着陆平台2上并且可以安全打开活板门8的信号到着陆垫1。该信号由电气设备外壳5中的接收器(未示出)接收，活板门8打开并且一旦包裹处于储存室3内则关闭。
在一些实施例中，在着陆垫和无人机之间发送的信号被加密以防止盗贼破解和复制这些信号。
图3还示出了可选的太阳能板7。虽然着陆垫1可通过多种方式，例如传统的从房屋延伸电线或电池供给动力，太阳能板7由于多种原因而成为高效动力源。其一，太阳能板7在很多情况下可以整天接收太阳光，因为它位于室外。此外，着陆垫1大部分时间——除了无人机接近或被用户接合时从应答器发送唯一的ID——休眠，并且不需要大量的动力。
省去对外接电源的需要允许在附近没有电源插座的区域更方便地安装。
着陆垫1也可包括电气设备外壳5中的设备，其发送驱赶动物离开着陆垫1的频率。这会防止动物停留在着陆垫1上或附近。
图4是着陆垫1的仰视图。其示出电子设备外壳5和储存室3。
图5A、5B和5C示出了无人机递送方法的步骤。图5A示出了中继或储存适当数据的无人机20携带包裹25离开分配设施22(见图6A)。
图5B示出了在行进到收件人位置30时，无人机20将进行着陆垫1的适当识别，并成功交换凭据之后，靠近着陆垫1(见图6A，6B，7A，7B和7C)和递送包裹。图5C显示无人机20返回行进到下一目标40，无论该目标是初始的分配设施22或是其它地点。
图6A和6B示出在无人机20与着陆垫1之间成功交换凭据以及随后的无人机20向着陆垫1靠近时着陆垫1的功能。
图6Aa示出无人机20在着陆平台2上着陆。然后，无人机20释放包裹25，如图6B所示，并继续朝下一目的地40(未示出)行进。包裹留在着陆平台2上直到活板门8打开。
图7A、7B和7C示出了在从无人机20成功递送之后包裹25被留在着陆平台2上的步骤(见图7A)，包裹25经由活板门8进入储存室3(见图7B)，包裹25被用户经由储存门10移除(见图7C)。
无论是否由无人机20通知或是否经由内部传感器感测到包裹，着陆垫1——注意，包裹25在着陆平台2上——打开活板门8，导致包裹25落到储存室3内。在一些实施例中，在包裹25被送达之前，从收件人和/或着陆垫所有者取得签名。此签名可以物理地和/或例如经由电邮授权而电子地取得。这种更高的安全级别允许多个不相关的个人使用单个着陆垫而不惧怕其他人收到贵重的和/或私人的包裹。
在一些实施例中，着陆垫配置成与应用程序一起使用，该应用程序可以在除了其他的之外的智能电话、平板电脑、手提电脑和/或个人计算机上运行。在一些实施例中，应用程序确认包裹送达和/或拾取。该应用程序还可以允许个人为送达和/或拾取签名。在一些实施例中，该应用程序也允许用户修改着陆垫上的各种设置，例如其内部气候。
在一些实施例中，借助于短信、电邮或智能手机应用程序上的通知以及着陆垫1上的LED或数字显示来向收件人发送成功投递的通知。
图7C示出了收件人解锁和打开储存门10并从储存室3移除包裹25。
虽然示出和描述了本发明的特定元件、实施例和应用，但应理解，本发明并不局限于此，因为可在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下做出修改，特别是在前面的教导下。

Claims (19)

1.着陆垫，包括：
(a)着陆平台；和
(b)储存室，
其中，所述着陆平台包括处于常闭位置的活板门，当活板门打开时暴露所述储存室的内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的着陆垫，其中，所述着陆垫配置成放置在住宅的窗户中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的着陆垫，还包括储存室门，其中，所述储存室门连接到所述储存室。
4.根据权利要求3所述的着陆垫，还包括储存门锁，其中，所述储存门锁构造成将所述储存门偏压至关闭位置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的着陆垫，其中，所述储存门锁是电子锁。
6.根据权利要求4所述的着陆垫，其中，所述储存门锁是机械锁。
7.根据权利要求1所述的着陆垫，还包括能够发射可由与所述着陆垫相关联的接收器识别的信号的发射器。
8.根据权利要求2所述的着陆垫，其中，所述识别发射器设置在电子设备外壳中。
9.根据权利要求3所述的着陆垫，其中，所述电子设备外壳位于所述着陆平台下方。
10.根据权利要求9所述的着陆垫，还包括能够连接至电源插座的电源线。
11.根据权利要求9所述的着陆垫，还包括电池。
12.根据权利要求9所述的着陆垫，还包括太阳能发电机。
13.根据权利要求9所述的着陆垫，还包括声音发射器。
14.根据权利要求13所述的着陆垫，其中，来自所述声音发射器的发射物能够阻止野生动物。
15.根据权利要求14所述的着陆垫，其中，所述野生动物是鸟类。
16.根据权利要求3所述的着陆垫，其中，所述储存室是气候控制的。
17.根据权利要求3所述的着陆垫，其中，所述着陆垫基本上由防锈材料制成。
18.根据权利要求3所述的着陆垫，其中，所述储存室具有传送带。
19.一种通过能够发射可由与着陆垫相关联的接收器识别的信号的飞行器递送包裹的方法，该方法包括：
(a)用所述包裹装载所述飞行器；
(b)使用全球定位***设备将所述飞行器导航到包括所述接收器的着陆垫；
(c)当所述接收器收到所述信号时打开与所述着陆垫相关联的常闭活板门，所述活板门在打开时暴露储存室的内部；
(d)致动与所述飞行器可操作地关联的机构以使所述包裹传送到所述储存室。
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