CN105766323A - Planting method of maca in low-lying areas - Google Patents
Planting method of maca in low-lying areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766323A CN105766323A CN201610166856.5A CN201610166856A CN105766323A CN 105766323 A CN105766323 A CN 105766323A CN 201610166856 A CN201610166856 A CN 201610166856A CN 105766323 A CN105766323 A CN 105766323A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of maca in low-lying areas. The method comprises steps as follows: S1, healthy maca seeds are selected and disinfected, and seed dormancy is broken with a method combining soaking in a maca extraction and concentration solution and ultrasonic treatment; S2, maca is sown in a greenhouse in spring, base fertilizer application, pH adjustment and disinfected powder treatment are performed on a planting field before sowing, then, soil preparation and bedding are performed, holes are dug in beds, and sowing is performed; S3, after sowing, irrigation is performed in the principle of little watering and frequent watering, a leaf fertilizer is applied to strengthen seedlings, compound pesticides are applied to control diseases and pests, and the maca seedling culture temperature follows the principle of optimum temperature in the daytime and low temperature at night; S4, after maca seedlings are transplanted to a large field, topdressing is performed regularly and weeding is performed. In order to meet the special growth environment requirements and nutrient requirements of maca, creative treatment measures are adopted in multiple growth stages from sowing to harvesting of the maca, and finally, maca is successfully cultivated in low-lying areas. The planting method has great significance in industrial popularization and economic benefits of the maca.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Maca cultivation field, particularly relate to the implantation methods of a kind of Maca, belong to technical field of agriculture science.
Background technology
Maca is a kind of crucifer originating in High aititude mountain area, South America Andes, and the height above sea level of its distribution is 2500-4450 rice, is the Major Foods of high and cold mountain area American Indian.Being tamed by Yin Jia American Indian before Maca 1300-2000, in the life tradition of American Indian, Maca is for strengthening the libido of people and domestic animal as a kind of aphrodisiac, improves the reproductivity of women and female animal.
Maca subterraneous stem is nutritious, rich in carbohydrate, protein and unsaturated fatty acid.It contain 59% carbohydrate, the protein of 10%-14%, 9% cellulose and 2% lipoid substance, especially contain the mineral nutrient element (such as iodine, ferrum, potassium and calcium) of substantial amounts of primary amino acid and fatty acid and high-load.Additionally, possibly together with multivitamin, such as VB1, VB2, VB12, VE and VC.Modern medicine study shows, it can improve the libido 180%-200% of male subject, and sperm generation amount increases nearly 1 times.It has the effect reduced blood pressure, and heart is free from side effects.Therefore, Maca is referred to as natural " viagra ", " hormone electromotor ".Maca has adjustment hormone secretion, promotes immunity and metabolic function, it is favorably improved memory, antidepressant, the illness such as treatment chronic fatigue syndrome, sexual dysfunction, pulmonary tuberculosis, anemia, leukemia, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer (particularly gastric cancer), fat-reducing and excessive drinking have certain effect.Maca also has significant anti-senescence function, and spirit and the muscle power of old people are had obvious facilitation by it.
Raising along with health of people health care consciousness and the concern to food safety, promote rapidly on the international market such as American-European, Japanese with all kinds of health product that Maca is main material production, obtain the favor of more and more consumer.Within 2011, pueraria root powder is approved as new resource food by No. 13 bulletin of China's Ministry of Public Health, has thus opened the Lepidinm meyenii Walp new page in China.At present, Maca is in China's introducing and planting success, and Cultivated In Yunnan Maca yield accounts for the 80% of whole nation yield, becomes the Maca main product ground in China.In recent years, whole nation cultivated area continues to rise, and the ground such as Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan also launches plantation successively.
Maca plantation is very special, strict to geographical environment, growing environment requirement, nature Maca is only suitable for being grown in mountain area, plateau severe cold areas, require that day and night temperature more than 30 DEG C, rainfall are abundant, around have fresh water lake, the growth conditions of this uniqueness limits its plantation, cause that supply falls short of demand in Maca market, holds at high price.This research team is studied through Maca cultivation technique for many years, obtains important enlightenment.Research finds, it is very special that ecological environment is required by Maca, but most important sensitive period is in nursery period, especially before SANYE one heart stage, and suitable nutritional labeling and cultivation management can be effectively improved the Maca adaptability in low-lying area, improve survival rate of seedling and seedling quality.Therefore, Maca cultivation proceeding further investigation, develops the implantation methods of a kind of low-lying area Maca, marketing and economic interests to Maca have great importance, and are also the themes of this research team research.
Summary of the invention
For solving the technical problem existed in background technology, the present invention proposes the implantation methods of a kind of low-lying area Maca, and results have arrived higher yield.
The implantation methods of a kind of Maca that the present invention proposes, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
S1, initial point selection and sterilization: remove seed of damaging by worms, damaged seed from Maca seed, go mouldy seed and other foreign material, selects the seed of the glossy and abundant maturation of full grains, be first the KH of 60g/L-80g/L by concentration2PO4Solution soaking 10-16h, is then placed in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.1-0.2% concentration and soaks 3-4h, then with 50 times of solution seed soaking 2-3h of 50% sodium chlorate, then use sterile water wash seed 3-4 time；
Seed breaks dormancy: gather Maca stem and leaf, adds the distilled water of stem and leaf dry weight 80 times after grinding, and 28-32 DEG C is soaked 48h, then obtain Maca lixiviating solution by filtered through gauze, is evaporated under reduced pressure by lixiviating solution Rotary Evaporators and is concentrated into the 1/15 of former lixiviating solution；Concentrated solution adds gibberellins and salicylic acid to concentration respectively 30ppm and 25ppm, the Maca seed after sterilization is put in this concentrated solution, is placed in supersound process 6-8h at 5-15 DEG C of temperature of ultrasonic cleaner, then takes out to dry and wait to sow；
Sowing in S2, booth: temperature on average reaches to sow in booth when 12 DEG C Maca when about March in spring, and selection loosing soil is fertile, good permeability, the convenient warmhouse booth of irrigation and drainage, plastic shed soil is executed and spills base manure, and the dose of base manure is 2500-3000kg/667m2；Then regulating the pH of soil in booth is 5.8-6.8, executes and spills disinfectant powder, after the bedding of whole ground, dig the deep cave of 4-6cm every 20-30cm on furrow in planting site；The Maca seed processed in S1 is placed in cave, every bunch planting kind 1-2 grain, cover the nursery soil of thick 2-3cm；
S3, booth seedling management: water the principle that duty waters less and water, emerge after general 8～15 days, after emerging, spray foliage fertilizer 2～3 times according to seedling growth, and spray composite pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests；After Maca seedling length to two leaves is wholeheartedly, it is transplanted into land for growing field crops；
Seedling stage, alternating temperature regulation and control were cultivated: 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock, the temperature in booth controlled as 16-19 DEG C；5 o'clock to 12 o'clock, the temperature in booth controlled as 22-26 DEG C；12 o'clock to 19 o'clock, the temperature in booth controlled as 19-23 DEG C；19 o'clock to 0 o'clock, the temperature in booth controlled as 25-28 DEG C；
S4, field production Maca: after Maca seedling replanting enters land for growing field crops, trophophase topdresses 2-3 time, impose nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-30kg/667m every time2, trophophase carries out 3-4 intertillage and loosens the soil, and manually pulls out weeds in field.
In S2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 30-50 part, peanut cake 10-30 part, sesame-send cake 2-8 part, cotton seed hulls 3-9 part, potassium fulvate 2-5 part, weathered coal 6-12 part, microbial bacterial agent 2-8 part, ammonium nitrate 4-8 part, ammonium sulfate 1-5 part, sweet potato vine 2-8 part, furfural dregs 2-6 part, pine needle powder 1-5 part, macrobrachium shell 4-6 part, dehydrated potato powder 3-8 part, sodium sulfate 1-4 part, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 2-6 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5 part.
In S2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 35-45 part, peanut cake 15-25 part, sesame-send cake 3-7 part, cotton seed hulls 4-8 part, potassium fulvate 3-4 part, weathered coal 8-10 part, microbial bacterial agent 3-7 part, ammonium nitrate 5-7 part, ammonium sulfate 2-4 part, sweet potato vine 3-7 part, furfural dregs 3-5 part, pine needle powder 2-4 part, macrobrachium shell 4.5-5.5 part, dehydrated potato powder 4-7 part, sodium sulfate 2-3 part, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.5-4.5 part.
In S2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 40 parts, 20 parts of peanut cake, sesame-send cake 5 parts, cotton seed hulls 6 parts, potassium fulvate 3.5 parts, weathered coal 9 parts, microbial bacterial agent 5 parts, ammonium nitrate 6 parts, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, sweet potato vine 5 parts, furfural dregs 4 parts, pine needle powder 3 parts, 5 parts of macrobrachium shell, dehydrated potato powder 5.5 parts, 2.5 parts of sodium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts.
In S2, disinfectant powder is ground bacterium spirit, and the consumption of ground bacterium spirit is 25-35kg/667m2。
In S3, the raw material of foliage fertilizer includes by weight: discarded bamboo slag 35-45 part, corn straw powdered carbon 20-25 part, animal wastes 13-18 part, carbamide 3-12 part, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 0.5-1.2 part, calcium superphosphate 2-4 part, zinc sulfate 1.5-3 part, manganese sulfate 1.5-3 part, copper sulfate 1.5-2 part, ammonium molybdate 0.5-0.8 part, Borax 1-3 part, Acidic Bentonite 5-8 part, polyvinyl alcohol 2-5 part, bacillus cereus 2-4 part.
In S3, composite pesticide is mixed by weight 1-3:2-5:1-4:2-6:1-4 by 1.8% avilamycin, 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid, 5000 times of liquid of 21% mite-killing pesticide, 300 times of liquid of 2.5% time cream and 70% methyl mop Tianjin.
In S4, the mass ratio of nitrogen in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus and three kinds of elements of potassium is (2-4): (0.5-1.5): (1-3).
In S4, nitrogen in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus and three kinds of elements of potassium meet N+P2O5+K2O≥60%。
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1., in the present invention, after choosing Maca seed the sterilization of health, designing of the invention adopts the method that Maca extraction concentrated solution soaks and ultrasonic Treatment combines to break Maca seed dormancy, is effectively increased percentage of seedgermination and sprouts quality；
2. sowing Maca in booth in spring, applies fertilizer to planting site in booth, is applied fertilizer as fertilizer, the nutrient substance enriched can be provided for planting site, and effectively improve the environment of soil, after fertilising, planting site is carried out disinfection, effectively ensure that the healthy planting environment in greenhouse gardening ground；
3. when seeding and seedling raising, the thickness of sowing of each kind of plant hole of conservative control, the temperature of each time period of every day in booth is carried out alternating temperature adjustment, builds the growing environment of thermophilic Low Night Temperature on daytime, substantially increase survival rate and the growth potential of Maca seedling；After seedling replanting enters land for growing field crops, for Maca different growth phases, differentiation is applied fertilizer, and meets the Maca different growth phases differentiated demand to nutrient substance, and final results arrive higher Maca yield.
The present invention is directed to the special growing environment of Maca to require and nutritional requirement, multiple links in the plantation of Maca seed take creationary process, finally succeeding at low-lying regional culture Maca, Industry Promotion and the economic interests of Maca are had great importance by the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail; it is understood that; embodiment is served only for the present invention is described, rather than is used for limiting the invention, any make on basis of the present invention amendment, equivalent replacement etc. is all in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The implantation methods of a kind of Maca that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, initial point selection and sterilization: remove seed of damaging by worms, damaged seed from Maca seed, go mouldy seed and other foreign material, selects the seed of the glossy and abundant maturation of full grains, be first the KH of 70g/L by concentration2PO4Solution soaking 13h, is then placed in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.15% concentration and soaks 3.5h, then with 50 times of solution seed soaking 2.5h of 50% sodium chlorate, then use sterile water wash seed 3 times；
Seed breaks dormancy: gather Maca stem and leaf, adds the distilled water of stem and leaf dry weight 80 times after grinding, and 30 DEG C are soaked 48h, then obtain Maca lixiviating solution by filtered through gauze, is evaporated under reduced pressure by lixiviating solution Rotary Evaporators and is concentrated into the 1/15 of former lixiviating solution；Concentrated solution adds gibberellins and salicylic acid to concentration respectively 30ppm and 25ppm, the Maca seed after sterilization is put in this concentrated solution, is placed in supersound process 7h at 10 DEG C of temperature of ultrasonic cleaner, then takes out to dry and wait to sow；
Sowing in S2, booth: temperature on average reaches to sow in booth when 12 DEG C Maca when about March in spring, and selection loosing soil is fertile, good permeability, the convenient warmhouse booth of irrigation and drainage, plastic shed soil is executed and spills base manure, and the dose of base manure is 2750kg/667m2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 40 parts, 20 parts of peanut cake, sesame-send cake 5 parts, cotton seed hulls 6 parts, potassium fulvate 3.5 parts, weathered coal 9 parts, microbial bacterial agent 5 parts, ammonium nitrate 6 parts, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, sweet potato vine 5 parts, furfural dregs 4 parts, pine needle powder 3 parts, 5 parts of macrobrachium shell, dehydrated potato powder 5.5 parts, 2.5 parts of sodium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts；Then regulating the pH of soil in booth is 6.5, executes and spills disinfectant powder, after the bedding of whole ground, dig the deep cave of 5cm every 25cm on furrow in planting site；The Maca seed processed in S1 is placed in cave, every bunch planting kind 1, cover the nursery soil of thick 2.5cm；
S3, booth seedling management: water the principle that duty waters less and water, emerge after general 10 days, after emerging, spraying foliage fertilizer 2 times according to seedling growth, the raw material of foliage fertilizer includes by weight: discarded bamboo slag 40 parts, corn straw powdered carbon 22.5 parts, animal wastes 15.5 parts, 7.5 parts of carbamide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 0.85 part, calcium superphosphate 3 parts, 2.25 parts of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate 2.25 parts, 1.75 parts of copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate 0.65 part, Borax 2 parts, Acidic Bentonite 6.5 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 3.5 parts, bacillus cereus 3 parts；And spraying composite pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests, composite pesticide is mixed by weight 2:3.5:2.5:4:2.5 by 1.8% avilamycin, 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid, 5000 times of liquid of 21% mite-killing pesticide, 300 times of liquid of 2.5% time cream and 70% methyl mop Tianjin；After Maca seedling length to SANYE is wholeheartedly, it is transplanted into land for growing field crops；
Seedling stage, alternating temperature regulation and control were cultivated: 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock, it was 17.5 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；5 o'clock to 12 o'clock, it was 24 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；12 o'clock to 19 o'clock, it was 21 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；19 o'clock to 0 o'clock, it was 26.5 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；
S4, field production Maca: after Maca seedling replanting enters land for growing field crops, trophophase topdresses 2 times, imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 25kg/667m every time2, trophophase carries out 3 intertillages and loosens the soil, and manually pulls out weeds in field.
Embodiment 2
The implantation methods of a kind of Maca that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, initial point selection and sterilization: remove seed of damaging by worms, damaged seed from Maca seed, go mouldy seed and other foreign material, selects the seed of the glossy and abundant maturation of full grains, be first the KH of 60g/L by concentration2PO4Solution soaking 16h, is then placed in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.1% concentration and soaks 4h, then with 50 times of solution seed soaking 2h of 50% sodium chlorate, then use sterile water wash seed 4 times；
Seed breaks dormancy: gather Maca stem and leaf, adds the distilled water of stem and leaf dry weight 80 times after grinding, and 28 DEG C are soaked 48h, then obtain Maca lixiviating solution by filtered through gauze, is evaporated under reduced pressure by lixiviating solution Rotary Evaporators and is concentrated into the 1/15 of former lixiviating solution；Concentrated solution adds gibberellins and salicylic acid to concentration respectively 30ppm and 25ppm, the Maca seed after sterilization is put in this concentrated solution, is placed in supersound process 6h at 15 DEG C of temperature of ultrasonic cleaner, then takes out to dry and wait to sow；
Sowing in S2, booth: temperature on average reaches to sow in booth when 12 DEG C Maca when about March in spring, and selection loosing soil is fertile, good permeability, the convenient warmhouse booth of irrigation and drainage, plastic shed soil is executed and spills base manure, and the dose of base manure is 3000kg/667m2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 30 parts, 30 parts of peanut cake, sesame-send cake 2 parts, cotton seed hulls 9 parts, potassium fulvate 2 parts, weathered coal 12 parts, microbial bacterial agent 2 parts, ammonium nitrate 8 parts, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, sweet potato vine 8 parts, furfural dregs 2 parts, pine needle powder 5 parts, 4 parts of macrobrachium shell, dehydrated potato powder 8 parts, 1 part of sodium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 6 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 parts；Then regulating the pH of soil in booth is 6.8, executes and spills disinfectant powder, after the bedding of whole ground, dig the deep cave of 6cm every 20cm on furrow in planting site；The Maca seed processed in S1 is placed in cave, every bunch planting kind 1, cover the nursery soil of thick 3cm；
S3, booth seedling management: water the principle that duty waters less and water, emerge after general 8 days, after emerging, spraying foliage fertilizer 3 times according to seedling growth, the raw material of foliage fertilizer includes by weight: discarded bamboo slag 35 parts, corn straw powdered carbon 25 parts, animal wastes 13 parts, 12 parts of carbamide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 0.5 part, calcium superphosphate 4 parts, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate 3 parts, 1.5 parts of copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate 0.8 part, Borax 1 part, Acidic Bentonite 8 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 2 parts, bacillus cereus 4 parts；And spraying composite pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests, composite pesticide is mixed by weight 1:5:1:6:1 by 1.8% avilamycin, 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid, 5000 times of liquid of 21% mite-killing pesticide, 300 times of liquid of 2.5% time cream and 70% methyl mop Tianjin；After Maca seedling length to SANYE is wholeheartedly, it is transplanted into land for growing field crops；
Seedling stage, alternating temperature regulation and control were cultivated: 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock, it was 16 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；5 o'clock to 12 o'clock, it was 26 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；12 o'clock to 19 o'clock, it was 19 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；19 o'clock to 0 o'clock, it was 28 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；
S4, field production Maca: after Maca seedling replanting enters land for growing field crops, trophophase topdresses 2 times, imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg/667m every time2, trophophase carries out 3 intertillages and loosens the soil, and manually pulls out weeds in field.
Embodiment 3
The implantation methods of a kind of Maca that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, initial point selection and sterilization: remove seed of damaging by worms, damaged seed from Maca seed, go mouldy seed and other foreign material, selects the seed of the glossy and abundant maturation of full grains, be first the KH of 80g/L by concentration2PO4Solution soaking 10h, is then placed in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.2% concentration and soaks 3h, then with 50 times of solution seed soaking 3h of 50% sodium chlorate, then use sterile water wash seed 3 times；
Seed breaks dormancy: gather Maca stem and leaf, adds the distilled water of stem and leaf dry weight 80 times after grinding, and 32 DEG C are soaked 48h, then obtain Maca lixiviating solution by filtered through gauze, is evaporated under reduced pressure by lixiviating solution Rotary Evaporators and is concentrated into the 1/15 of former lixiviating solution；Concentrated solution adds gibberellins and salicylic acid to concentration respectively 30ppm and 25ppm, the Maca seed after sterilization is put in this concentrated solution, is placed in supersound process 8h at 5 DEG C of temperature of ultrasonic cleaner, then takes out to dry and wait to sow；
Sowing in S2, booth: temperature on average reaches to sow in booth when 12 DEG C Maca when about March in spring, and selection loosing soil is fertile, good permeability, the convenient warmhouse booth of irrigation and drainage, plastic shed soil is executed and spills base manure, and the dose of base manure is 2500kg/667m2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 50 parts, 10 parts of peanut cake, sesame-send cake 8 parts, cotton seed hulls 3 parts, potassium fulvate 5 parts, weathered coal 6 parts, microbial bacterial agent 8 parts, ammonium nitrate 4 parts, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, sweet potato vine 2 parts, furfural dregs 6 parts, pine needle powder 1 part, 6 parts of macrobrachium shell, dehydrated potato powder 3 parts, 4 parts of sodium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 2 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 parts；Then regulating the pH of soil in booth is 5.8, executes and spills disinfectant powder, after the bedding of whole ground, dig the deep cave of 4cm every 30cm on furrow in planting site；The Maca seed processed in S1 is placed in cave, every bunch planting kind 2, cover the nursery soil of thick 2cm；
S3, booth seedling management: water the principle that duty waters less and water, emerge after general 15 days, after emerging, spraying foliage fertilizer 2 times according to seedling growth, the raw material of foliage fertilizer includes by weight: discarded bamboo slag 45 parts, corn straw powdered carbon 20 parts, animal wastes 18 parts, 3 parts of carbamide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 1.2 parts, calcium superphosphate 2 parts, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate 1.5 parts, 2 parts of copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate 0.5 part, Borax 3 parts, Acidic Bentonite 5 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 5 parts, bacillus cereus 2 parts；And spraying composite pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests, composite pesticide is mixed by weight 3:2:4:2:4 by 1.8% avilamycin, 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid, 5000 times of liquid of 21% mite-killing pesticide, 300 times of liquid of 2.5% time cream and 70% methyl mop Tianjin；After Maca seedling length to SANYE is wholeheartedly, it is transplanted into land for growing field crops；
Seedling stage, alternating temperature regulation and control were cultivated: 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock, it was 19 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；5 o'clock to 12 o'clock, it was 22 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；12 o'clock to 19 o'clock, it was 23 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；19 o'clock to 0 o'clock, it was 25 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；
S4, field production Maca: after Maca seedling replanting enters land for growing field crops, trophophase topdresses 3 times, imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20kg/667m every time2, trophophase carries out 4 intertillages and loosens the soil, and manually pulls out weeds in field.
Embodiment 4
The implantation methods of a kind of Maca that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, initial point selection and sterilization: remove seed of damaging by worms, damaged seed from Maca seed, go mouldy seed and other foreign material, selects the seed of the glossy and abundant maturation of full grains, be first the KH of 65g/L by concentration2PO4Solution soaking 12h, is then placed in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.13% concentration and soaks 3.6h, then with 50 times of solution seed soaking 2.3h of 50% sodium chlorate, then use sterile water wash seed 4 times；
Seed breaks dormancy: gather Maca stem and leaf, adds the distilled water of stem and leaf dry weight 80 times after grinding, and 29 DEG C are soaked 48h, then obtain Maca lixiviating solution by filtered through gauze, is evaporated under reduced pressure by lixiviating solution Rotary Evaporators and is concentrated into the 1/15 of former lixiviating solution；Concentrated solution adds gibberellins and salicylic acid to concentration respectively 30ppm and 25ppm, the Maca seed after sterilization is put in this concentrated solution, is placed in supersound process 6.2h at 6 DEG C of temperature of ultrasonic cleaner, then takes out to dry and wait to sow；
Sowing in S2, booth: temperature on average reaches to sow in booth when 12 DEG C Maca when about March in spring, and selection loosing soil is fertile, good permeability, the convenient warmhouse booth of irrigation and drainage, plastic shed soil is executed and spills base manure, and the dose of base manure is 2600kg/667m2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 30 parts, 10 parts of peanut cake, sesame-send cake 2 parts, cotton seed hulls 3 parts, potassium fulvate 2 parts, weathered coal 6 parts, microbial bacterial agent 2 parts, ammonium nitrate 4 parts, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, sweet potato vine 2 parts, furfural dregs 2 parts, pine needle powder 1 part, 4 parts of macrobrachium shell, dehydrated potato powder 3 parts, 1 part of sodium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 2 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 parts；Then regulating the pH of soil in booth is 5.8, executes and spills disinfectant powder, after the bedding of whole ground, dig the deep cave of 4cm every 20cm on furrow in planting site；The Maca seed processed in S1 is placed in cave, every bunch planting kind 1, cover the nursery soil of thick 2cm；
S3, booth seedling management: water the principle that duty waters less and water, emerge after general 8 days, after emerging, spraying foliage fertilizer 2 times according to seedling growth, the raw material of foliage fertilizer includes by weight: discarded bamboo slag 35 parts, corn straw powdered carbon 20 parts, animal wastes 13 parts, 3 parts of carbamide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 0.5 part, calcium superphosphate 2 parts, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate 1.5 parts, 1.5 parts of copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate 0.5 part, Borax 1 part, Acidic Bentonite 5 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 2 parts, bacillus cereus 2 parts；And spraying composite pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests, composite pesticide is mixed by weight 1:2:1:2:1 by 1.8% avilamycin, 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid, 5000 times of liquid of 21% mite-killing pesticide, 300 times of liquid of 2.5% time cream and 70% methyl mop Tianjin；After Maca seedling length to SANYE is wholeheartedly, it is transplanted into land for growing field crops；
Seedling stage, alternating temperature regulation and control were cultivated: 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock, it was 16 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；5 o'clock to 12 o'clock, it was 22 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；12 o'clock to 19 o'clock, it was 19 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；19 o'clock to 0 o'clock, it was 25 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；
S4, field production Maca: after Maca seedling replanting enters land for growing field crops, trophophase topdresses 2 times, imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20kg/667m every time2, trophophase carries out 3 intertillages and loosens the soil, and manually pulls out weeds in field.
Embodiment 5
The implantation methods of a kind of Maca that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, initial point selection and sterilization: remove seed of damaging by worms, damaged seed from Maca seed, go mouldy seed and other foreign material, selects the seed of the glossy and abundant maturation of full grains, be first the KH of 80g/L by concentration2PO4Solution soaking 16h, is then placed in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.2% concentration and soaks 4h, then with 50 times of solution seed soaking 3h of 50% sodium chlorate, then use sterile water wash seed 4 times；
Seed breaks dormancy: gather Maca stem and leaf, adds the distilled water of stem and leaf dry weight 80 times after grinding, and 32 DEG C are soaked 48h, then obtain Maca lixiviating solution by filtered through gauze, is evaporated under reduced pressure by lixiviating solution Rotary Evaporators and is concentrated into the 1/15 of former lixiviating solution；Concentrated solution adds gibberellins and salicylic acid to concentration respectively 30ppm and 25ppm, the Maca seed after sterilization is put in this concentrated solution, is placed in supersound process 8h at 15 DEG C of temperature of ultrasonic cleaner, then takes out to dry and wait to sow；
Sowing in S2, booth: temperature on average reaches to sow in booth when 12 DEG C Maca when about March in spring, and selection loosing soil is fertile, good permeability, the convenient warmhouse booth of irrigation and drainage, plastic shed soil is executed and spills base manure, and the dose of base manure is 3000kg/667m2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 50 parts, 30 parts of peanut cake, sesame-send cake 8 parts, cotton seed hulls 9 parts, potassium fulvate 5 parts, weathered coal 12 parts, microbial bacterial agent 8 parts, ammonium nitrate 8 parts, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, sweet potato vine 8 parts, furfural dregs 6 parts, pine needle powder 5 parts, 6 parts of macrobrachium shell, dehydrated potato powder 8 parts, 4 parts of sodium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 6 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 parts；Then regulating the pH of soil in booth is 6.8, executes and spills disinfectant powder, after the bedding of whole ground, dig the deep cave of 6cm every 30cm on furrow in planting site；The Maca seed processed in S1 is placed in cave, every bunch planting kind 2, cover the nursery soil of thick 3cm；
S3, booth seedling management: water the principle that duty waters less and water, emerge after general 15 days, after emerging, spraying foliage fertilizer 3 times according to seedling growth, the raw material of foliage fertilizer includes by weight: discarded bamboo slag 45 parts, corn straw powdered carbon 25 parts, animal wastes 18 parts, 12 parts of carbamide, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 1.2 parts, calcium superphosphate 4 parts, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate 3 parts, 2 parts of copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate 0.8 part, Borax 3 parts, Acidic Bentonite 8 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 5 parts, bacillus cereus 4 parts；And spraying composite pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests, composite pesticide is mixed by weight 3:5:4:6:4 by 1.8% avilamycin, 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid, 5000 times of liquid of 21% mite-killing pesticide, 300 times of liquid of 2.5% time cream and 70% methyl mop Tianjin；After Maca seedling length to SANYE is wholeheartedly, it is transplanted into land for growing field crops；
Seedling stage, alternating temperature regulation and control were cultivated: 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock, it was 19 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；5 o'clock to 12 o'clock, it was 26 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；12 o'clock to 19 o'clock, it was 23 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；19 o'clock to 0 o'clock, it was 28 DEG C that the temperature in booth controls；
S4, field production Maca: after Maca seedling replanting enters land for growing field crops, trophophase topdresses 3 times, imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg/667m every time2, trophophase carries out 4 intertillages and loosens the soil, and manually pulls out weeds in field.
nullTake the planting site six pieces of equivalent environment and fertility，Number ground of called after、No. two ground、No. three ground、No. four ground、No. five ground and No. six ground，Adopt identical Maca seed，Maca is planted by the implantation methods adopting the above embodiments 1-5，A number ground adopts the method for embodiment 1 that Maca is planted，No. two ground adopt the method for embodiment 2 that Maca is planted，No. three ground adopt the method for embodiment 3 that Maca is planted，No. four ground adopt the method for embodiment 4 that Maca is planted，No. five ground adopt the method for embodiment 5 that Maca is planted，No. six ground adopt common implantation methods that Maca is planted，Wherein No. six ground are conventional cultivation technological means，Late November to early December，Manually gather Maca fleshy tap root，Remove blade，Remove earth and fibrous root，Clean up with water，It is cut into lamellar to be placed under sunlight and dry，Statistics yield，Obtain such as the data of table 1.
The above; it is only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any those familiar with the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses; it is equal to replacement according to technical scheme and inventive concept thereof or is changed, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the implantation methods of a Maca, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
S1, initial point selection and sterilization: remove seed of damaging by worms, damaged seed from Maca seed, go mouldy seed and other foreign material, selects the seed of the glossy and abundant maturation of full grains, be first the KH of 60g/L-80g/L by concentration2PO4Solution soaking 10-16h, is then placed in the potassium permanganate solution of 0.1-0.2% concentration and soaks 3-4h, then with 50 times of solution seed soaking 2-3h of 50% sodium chlorate, then use sterile water wash seed 3-4 time；
Seed breaks dormancy: gather Maca stem and leaf, adds the distilled water of stem and leaf dry weight 80 times after grinding, and 28-32 DEG C is soaked 48h, then obtain Maca lixiviating solution by filtered through gauze, is evaporated under reduced pressure by lixiviating solution Rotary Evaporators and is concentrated into the 1/15 of former lixiviating solution；Concentrated solution adds gibberellins and salicylic acid to concentration respectively 30ppm and 25ppm, the Maca seed after sterilization is put in this concentrated solution, is placed in supersound process 6-8h at 5-15 DEG C of temperature of ultrasonic cleaner, then takes out to dry and wait to sow；
Sowing in S2, booth: temperature on average reaches to sow in booth when 12 DEG C Maca when about March in spring, and selection loosing soil is fertile, good permeability, the convenient warmhouse booth of irrigation and drainage, plastic shed soil is executed and spills base manure, and the dose of base manure is 2500-3000kg/667m2；Then regulating the pH of soil in booth is 5.8-6.8, executes and spills disinfectant powder, after the bedding of whole ground, dig the deep cave of 4-6cm every 20-30cm on furrow in planting site；The Maca seed processed in S1 is placed in cave, every bunch planting kind 1-2 grain, cover the nursery soil of thick 2-3cm；
S3, booth seedling management: water the principle that duty waters less and water, emerge after general 8～15 days, after emerging, spray foliage fertilizer 2～3 times according to seedling growth, and spray composite pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests；After Maca seedling length to two leaves is wholeheartedly, it is transplanted into land for growing field crops；
Seedling stage, alternating temperature regulation and control were cultivated: 0 o'clock to 5 o'clock, the temperature in booth controlled as 16-19 DEG C；5 o'clock to 12 o'clock, the temperature in booth controlled as 22-26 DEG C；12 o'clock to 19 o'clock, the temperature in booth controlled as 19-23 DEG C；19 o'clock to 0 o'clock, the temperature in booth controlled as 25-28 DEG C；
S4, field production Maca: after Maca seedling replanting enters land for growing field crops, trophophase topdresses 2-3 time, impose nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20-30kg/667m every time2, trophophase carries out 3-4 intertillage and loosens the soil, and manually pulls out weeds in field.
2. the implantation methods of Maca according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in S2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 30-50 part, peanut cake 10-30 part, sesame-send cake 2-8 part, cotton seed hulls 3-9 part, potassium fulvate 2-5 part, weathered coal 6-12 part, microbial bacterial agent 2-8 part, ammonium nitrate 4-8 part, ammonium sulfate 1-5 part, sweet potato vine 2-8 part, furfural dregs 2-6 part, pine needle powder 1-5 part, macrobrachium shell 4-6 part, dehydrated potato powder 3-8 part, sodium sulfate 1-4 part, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 2-6 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5 part.
3. the implantation methods of Maca according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, in S2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 35-45 part, peanut cake 15-25 part, sesame-send cake 3-7 part, cotton seed hulls 4-8 part, potassium fulvate 3-4 part, weathered coal 8-10 part, microbial bacterial agent 3-7 part, ammonium nitrate 5-7 part, ammonium sulfate 2-4 part, sweet potato vine 3-7 part, furfural dregs 3-5 part, pine needle powder 2-4 part, macrobrachium shell 4.5-5.5 part, dehydrated potato powder 4-7 part, sodium sulfate 2-3 part, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5 part, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.5-4.5 part.
4. the implantation methods of the Maca according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, in S2, the raw material of base manure includes by weight: pig manure 40 parts, 20 parts of peanut cake, sesame-send cake 5 parts, cotton seed hulls 6 parts, potassium fulvate 3.5 parts, weathered coal 9 parts, microbial bacterial agent 5 parts, ammonium nitrate 6 parts, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, sweet potato vine 5 parts, furfural dregs 4 parts, pine needle powder 3 parts, 5 parts of macrobrachium shell, dehydrated potato powder 5.5 parts, 2.5 parts of sodium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts.
5. the implantation methods of the Maca according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that in S2, disinfectant powder is ground bacterium spirit, and the consumption of ground bacterium spirit is 25-35kg/667m2。
6. the implantation methods of the Maca according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, in S3, the raw material of foliage fertilizer includes by weight: discarded bamboo slag 35-45 part, corn straw powdered carbon 20-25 part, animal wastes 13-18 part, carbamide 3-12 part, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 0.5-1.2 part, calcium superphosphate 2-4 part, zinc sulfate 1.5-3 part, manganese sulfate 1.5-3 part, copper sulfate 1.5-2 part, ammonium molybdate 0.5-0.8 part, Borax 1-3 part, Acidic Bentonite 5-8 part, polyvinyl alcohol 2-5 part, bacillus cereus 2-4 part.
7. the implantation methods of the Maca according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, in S3, composite pesticide is mixed by weight 1-3:2-5:1-4:2-6:1-4 by 1.8% avilamycin, 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid, 5000 times of liquid of 21% mite-killing pesticide, 300 times of liquid of 2.5% time cream and 70% methyl mop Tianjin.
8. the implantation methods of the Maca according to any one of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that in S4, the mass ratio of nitrogen in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus and three kinds of elements of potassium is (2-4): (0.5-1.5): (1-3).
9. the implantation methods of Maca according to claim 8, it is characterised in that in S4, nitrogen in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus and three kinds of elements of potassium meet N+P2O5+K2O≥60%。
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