CN104718951A - Low altitude autumn culture method for Maca - Google Patents
Low altitude autumn culture method for Maca Download PDFInfo
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- CN104718951A CN104718951A CN201510143719.5A CN201510143719A CN104718951A CN 104718951 A CN104718951 A CN 104718951A CN 201510143719 A CN201510143719 A CN 201510143719A CN 104718951 A CN104718951 A CN 104718951A
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- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a low altitude autumn culture method for Maca. The method comprises greenhouse water culture for seedlings of the Maca, low altitude autumn planting, winter field film covering, spring strong root harvesting and other technique processes. According to the low altitude autumn culture method for the Maca, the Maca can be cultured in low altitude mountain and hilly areas which are below 2000 m, the culture area of the Maca all over the country is significantly enlarged, and the total output of the Maca is improved; by means of the method of culturing the Maca in autumn and harvesting the Maca in spring, a great number of vacant fields in winter are utilized, agriculture land utilization ratio and output value are improved, and meanwhile the problems of crop rotation of the Maca culture and spring market supply are solved; winter field management adopts films to cover the field, the temperature, the temperature difference and the photosynthesis which are needed by the growth of the Maca are increased, the output and the quality of the Maca are significantly improved, and good economic benefit is brought. Accordingly, the low altitude autumn culture method for the Maca has wide utilizing and popularizing value for Maca culture in the low altitude mountain and hilly areas which are below 2000 m in our country.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to economic crops planting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method, particularly at the cultivation method of the low altitude area agate coffee of height above sea level less than 2000 meters.
Background technology
Agate coffee (Lepidium meyenii Walp.), English Maca by name, for Cruciferae (Cruciferae) separate row Vegetable spp (Lepidium) life in 1 year or 2 years raw herbaceous plant, the effect that can match in excellence or beauty with ginseng because of it is otherwise known as " Peruvian Ginseng (Peru's ginseng) ".Agate coffee mainly utilizes part to be root, its block root meat, short taper shape, like radish, exocuticle is often in yellow, the multiple colors such as white and purple, not only containing abundant carbohydrate, protein, several amino acids, unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid), several mineral materials (K, Ca, Fe, and multivitamin (VB1 Zn), VB2, VB3, VB6, VB12 and VC) etc. nutriment, also containing unique active ingredient---macamides (Macamide) and agate card alkene (Maceaene), and glucosinolate and benzyl isothiocyanate (Glucosinolates) thereof and sterols isoreactivity material, wherein macamides and Ma Ka alkene are considered to the effect with promotion property function.Modern medicine science proves, agate coffee is nutritious, can eat, can be used as medicine again, have strengthen body immunity, regain one's strength fast, the effect such as dispelling fatigue, there is the function regulating hormone, strengthen fertility and Improving memory power simultaneously, prevention or therapeutic action can also be played to various diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hepatopathy and tumours.
Agate coffee originates in the mountain area, Andean of state of South America Peru height above sea level more than 3500 meters, and China is studied the artificial introducing and planting of agate coffee from calendar year 2001.At present, there has been the cultivation success of certain area in Yunnan, Xinjiang etc., and the cultivation method adopted all is selected at the high altitude localities of height above sea level more than 2500 meters, and are all adopt the mode that spring plants, autumn and winter gathers in the crops.The method Problems existing is: (1) agate coffee can only in the plantation of High aititude (>2500 rice) area, and the land resources of China's high altitude localities suitable planting agate coffee is limited, the expansion of China's agate coffee area under cultivation and the raising of gross yield are had a strong impact on; (2) unresolved agate coffee gathers in the crops supply of material problem in plantation in low altitude area (<2000 rice) autumn, spring, a large amount of soil in winter, low altitude area is idle, land utilization rate and the output value low, be unfavorable for expansion and the output increased of China's agate coffee area under cultivation; (3) unresolved agate coffee cultivation needs the problem of crop rotation.
Chinese patent CN102090245A discloses " cultivation method of plant Maca " (China Patent No. is 201010516199.5), this patent plants agate coffee in Ti Zinapu township of TAXKORGAN county, Xinjiang, At 3200 m Above Sea-level, nursery in March, the 4-5 month plants, and October gathers in the crops.Chinese patent CN103039264A discloses " a kind of Efficient maca cultivation method " (China Patent No. is 201310044434.7), this patent nursery in April, and June plants, and December gathers in the crops.Chinese patent CN102884935A discloses " plant Maca is at the implantation methods compared with low altitude area ", and this patent plantation agate coffee height above sea level is 2600-3600 rice, and May transplants, and December gathers in the crops.Although these patents provide the method for agate coffee in the plantation in spring of High aititude (>2500 rice) area, autumn and winter results, fail to solve agate coffee the plantation in autumn of low altitude area (<2000 rice) area, spring results problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for prior art Problems existing, provide one can plant, gather in the crops spring in low altitude area (<2000 rice) area the efficient cultivation method of agate coffee autumn.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method, comprises the nursery of agate coffee booth water planting, low altitude area plantation in autumn, field film covering in winter and strengthens root spring and gather.
Low altitude area described in said method is lower than 2000 meters.
In said method, agate coffee booth water planting seedling raise period is the 6-8 month, transplant autumn implantation time be August-October, spring, harvest time was March-April.
Agate coffee booth water planting seedling raising process described in said method: agate coffee seedling-cultivating tray has bottom outlet, and sow in rearmounted booth pond, depth of water 2-3cm, adds hydrogen peroxide in water, and hydrogen peroxide concentration is 1-5mmol/L; In booth, day temperature remains on 20-28 DEG C, and night temperatures remains on 18-20 DEG C, and humidity is 75-80%; 7-10 days start to emerge, when seedling leaf grow to 5-6cm long time carry out first time and cut seedling, cut the seedling first 2 days pond depth of water and drop to below 1cm, level cuts off every sheet Miao Ye top 1/3, the no seedling injury heart, cuts seedling and recovers pond depth of water 2-3cm afterwards in 3 days; When seedling leaf grow to 8-10cm long time carry out second time and cut seedling, before cutting seedling, in 2 angel ponds, the depth of water drops to below 1cm, adopts mechanical shear seedling, level cuts off every sheet Miao Ye top 1/3, does not injure the seedling heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recover pond depth of water 2-3cm, keep emerging after 3-5 days, balled transplanting.
Above-mentioned agate coffee booth water planting seedling raising process loads seedling nutritious soil in seedling-cultivating tray, and component is peat: farmyard manure: vermiculite: perlite mass ratio=2:2:1:1, vibration tamp; Then one deck seedling nutritious soil is covered, thickness 0.2-0.5cm.Seedling-cultivating tray length and width 40-50cm × 80-100cm, bottom is porose; Seedling disk point number 100-200, the dark 5-6cm in cave, every bunch planting kind 1-3 grain.
Select height above sea level lower than the area plantation agate coffee of 2000 meters in said method, smooth cultivated land, soil pH value is 5.2-7.5, carry out first time to land for growing field crops before transplanting 1-1.5 month to plough deeply and tan by the sun, carry out second time before transplanting to turn over, second time is turned over first every mu and is applied humic acid former powder 400kg mixing 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure, then carries out soil disinfection after diluting 3000 times with the hydrogen peroxide 100L that concentration is 30%; Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up, hack, rakes, ridging, and face, ridge is trapezoidal, face width 60-80cm on ridge, ridge bottom width 70-90cm, ridge height 20cm, furrow 20cm; Every ridge kind 3-4 is capable, seeding row spacing 15-18cm × 20cm, and every mu of planting density is 0.8-1.2 ten thousand strain; Band soil during transplanting, the seedling heart exposes soil layer, surrounding soil compaction, then irrigates normal root water.
The time that in said method, the field management in winter of agate coffee adopts film to cover is December, January and February, and when the minimum air temperature is lower than 6 DEG C; The mode covered is that white plastic mulching, black film mulching or Small plastic shed film cover.Adopt face, plastic mulching ridge, mulch film draws " cross " edge of a knife in agate coffee plant position, agate coffee plant is taken out from " cross " edge of a knife, on the edge of a knife, then cover a small amount of soil pressure tight, to increase temperature, the temperature difference, promote the growth of agate coffee.
In said method, spring strengthens root results, and before excavating agate coffee, leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days, removes the main heart of agate coffee, destroys the leaf of agate coffee main heart periphery 1/2 number, promotes that block root expands.
Compared with traditional cultivation method, agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method of the present invention, has the following advantages:
1. the present invention is owing at low altitude area (<2000 rice) hilly area cultivation agate coffee, significantly can expand the region that agate coffee is cultivated in the whole nation, providing technical guarantee for national agate coffee gross yield increases substantially;
2. the present invention is owing to adopting autumn culture, gathering in the crops the method for agate coffee spring, make use of the vacant field in a large amount of winter, improves China's the exploitation of agricultural land and the output value, solves agate coffee simultaneously and needs crop rotation and the market supply of material in spring problem;
3. the present invention covers (white mulch film, black mulch film or Small plastic shed plastic sheeting for farm use) due to agate coffee field management in winter film in different ways, adds the temperature of agate coffee growth, the temperature difference and photosynthesis, improves agate coffee yield and quality.
4. the present invention changes common upland nursery in nursery link is water planting nursery, controls seedling dish draft, keeps matrix moistening, cuts seedling through secondary, promotes seedlings root growth, has ensured high-quality strong sprout; 8-10 days before gathering in the crops spring, beats leaf to the pinching of agate coffee, facilitates agate coffee block root and expand, improve effective component in Maka content, reach increasing both production and income object.
5. the present invention is at the low altitude area hilly area plantation agate coffee of height above sea level less than 2000 meters, output is high, product are of fine quality: on average every mu of agate coffee output reaches 467 kilograms, active ingredient---macamide and agate coffee alkene content reach 0.62%, apparently higher than the agate coffee (table 1) of traditional cultivation.Therefore, the present invention China's low altitude area (<2000 rice) regional culture agate coffee have unique and widely utilization and extention be worth.
Table 1. agate coffee traditional cultivation method and the inventive method Contrast on effect
Embodiment
The present invention is at Xiangxi the Tujia and Miao nationalities autonomous prefecture cultivation agate coffee, and this geographical position, state is north latitude 27 ° 44.5 '-29 ° 38 ', east longitude 109 ° 10 '-110 ° 22.5 ', most High aititude 1736.5 meters, minimum height above sea level 97.1 meters, mean sea level 800 meters; This area's weather belongs to middle subtropical zone mountain area monsoon humid climate, and average temperature of the whole year 15-16.9 DEG C has feature cool in summer and warm in winter, soil subacidity.Below in conjunction with embodiment, particular content of the present invention is described, and can not limitation of the present invention be formed.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of agate coffee of the present invention low altitude area autumn culture method, described method comprises the nursery of agate coffee booth water planting, low altitude area transplanting in autumn, field film covering in winter and strengthens the sport technique segments such as root results spring, and each link technical essential is as follows:
1, booth water planting nursery: 6-8 month seed seedling-raising, loads seedling nutritious soil (peat: farmyard manure: vermiculite: perlite mass ratio=2:2:1:1), vibration tamp in seedling dish; Seedling dish length and width 40-50cm × 80-100cm, bottom is porose; Seedling disk point number 100-200, the dark 5-6cm in cave, every bunch planting kind 1-3 grain, then cover one deck seedling nutritious soil, thickness 0.2-0.5cm, is placed on seedling dish in booth pond, pond depth of water 2-3cm; In pond, add the hydrogen peroxide of food-grade, concentration is 1-5mmol/L; In booth, day temperature remains on 20-28 DEG C, and night temperatures remains on 18-20 DEG C, and humidity is 75-80%; 7-10 days start to emerge, and carry out first time when seedling leaf grows to 5-6cm and cut seedling, before cutting seedling, in 2 angel ponds, the depth of water drops to below 1cm, adopt mechanical shear seedling, level cuts off Miao Ye top 1/3rd, does not injure the seedling bud heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recover pond depth of water 2-3cm; Carry out second time when seedling leaf grows to 8-10cm and cut seedling, before cutting seedling, in 2 angel ponds, the depth of water drops to below 1cm, adopts mechanical shear seedling, level cuts off Miao Ye top 1/3rd, does not injure the seedling bud heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recover pond depth of water 2-3cm, keep emerging after 3-5 days, balled transplanting.
2, low altitude area is transplanted autumn: the Hills plantation agate coffee selecting height above sea level 350 meters, and transplanting time is late August; 200 mu, smooth cultivated land, soil pH value is 5.2-7.1, carry out turning over for twice to land for growing field crops before transplanting, early August carries out first time and ploughs deeply and tan by the sun, late August turns over for the second time, second time is turned over first every mu and is applied humic acid former powder 400kg mixing 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure, then carries out soil disinfection after diluting 3000 times with the hydrogen peroxide 100L that concentration is 30%; Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up, hack, rakes, ridging, and face, ridge is trapezoidal, face width 60cm on ridge, ridge bottom width 70cm, ridge height 20cm, furrow 20cm; Every ridge kind 3 row, seeding row spacing 15-18cm × 20cm, every mu of planting density is 0.8-1.2 ten thousand strain; Band soil during transplanting, accomplish that seedling just, the seedling heart exposes soil layer, and then surrounding soil compaction irrigate normal root water.
3, winter, field film covered: December, January and February are when the minimum air temperature is lower than 6 DEG C, adopt face, black film mulching ridge, mulch film draws " cross " edge of a knife according to the size of agate coffee plant line-spacing, the long 4-6 centimetre of the edge of a knife, agate coffee plant is taken out from " cross " edge of a knife, then on the edge of a knife, cover a small amount of soil pressure tight, to increase temperature, the temperature difference, promote the growth of agate coffee.
4, strengthen root results spring: gather in the crops agate coffee March, leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days before excavating agate coffee, removes the main heart of agate coffee, destroys agate coffee periphery leaf 1/2nd, promote that block root expands.Average block root weighs 45 grams, maximum 101 grams, per mu yield 460 kilograms, and effective component in Maka---macamide and agate coffee alkene content are 0.60%, apparently higher than the agate coffee of tradition plantation.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of agate coffee of the present invention low altitude area autumn culture method, described method comprises the nursery of agate coffee booth water planting, low altitude area transplanting in autumn, field film covering in winter and strengthens the sport technique segments such as root results spring, and each link technical essential is as follows:
1, booth water planting nursery: with embodiment 1.
2, low altitude area is transplanted autumn: the Hills plantation agate coffee selecting height above sea level 500 meters, and transplanting time is mid-September; 200 mu, smooth cultivated land, soil pH value is 5.5-7.5, carry out turning over for twice to land for growing field crops before transplanting, early August carries out first time and ploughs deeply and tan by the sun, early September turns over for the second time, second time is turned over first every mu and is applied humic acid former powder 400kg mixing 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure, then carries out soil disinfection after diluting 3000 times with the hydrogen peroxide 100L that concentration is 30%; Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up, hack, rakes, and does furrow, furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 20cm, furrow width 20cm; Every furrow kind 4 row, seeding row spacing 15-18cm × 20cm, every mu of planting density is 0.8-1.2 ten thousand strain; Band soil during transplanting, accomplish that seedling just, the seedling heart exposes soil layer, and then surrounding soil compaction irrigate normal root water.
3, winter, field film covered: December, January and February are when the minimum air temperature is lower than 6 DEG C, adopt white plastic mulching furrow face, mulch film draws " cross " edge of a knife according to the size of agate coffee plant line-spacing, the long 4-6 centimetre of the edge of a knife, agate coffee plant is taken out from " cross " edge of a knife, then on the edge of a knife, cover a small amount of soil pressure tight, to increase temperature, the temperature difference and to add lustre to, promote the growth of agate coffee.
4, strengthen root results spring: gather in the crops agate coffee April, leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days before excavating agate coffee, removes the main heart of agate coffee, destroys agate coffee periphery leaf 1/2nd, promote that block root expands.Average block root weighs 50 grams, maximum 112 grams, per mu yield 510 kilograms, and effective component in Maka---macamide and agate coffee alkene content are 0.64%, is significantly higher than the agate coffee of tradition plantation.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of agate coffee of the present invention low altitude area autumn culture method, described method comprises the nursery of agate coffee booth water planting, low altitude area transplanting in autumn, field film covering in winter and strengthens the sport technique segments such as root results spring, and each link technical essential is as follows:
1, booth water planting nursery: with embodiment 1.
2, low altitude area is transplanted autumn: the Hills plantation agate coffee selecting height above sea level 1200 meters, and transplanting time is mid-October; 100 mu, smooth cultivated land, soil pH value is 5.6-7.2, carry out turning over for twice to land for growing field crops before transplanting, early September carries out first time and ploughs deeply and tan by the sun, mid-October, second time was turned over, second time is turned over first every mu and is applied humic acid former powder 400kg mixing 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure, then carries out soil disinfection after diluting 3000 times with the hydrogen peroxide 100L that concentration is 30%; Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up, hack, rakes, and does furrow, furrow face width 80cm, furrow height 20cm, furrow width 20cm; Every furrow kind 4 row, seeding row spacing 15-18cm × 20cm, every mu of planting density is 0.8-1.2 ten thousand strain; Band soil during transplanting, accomplish that seedling just, the seedling heart exposes soil layer, and then surrounding soil compaction irrigate normal root water.
3, winter, field film covered: December, January and February are when the minimum air temperature is lower than 6 DEG C, furrow face plastic covering Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed take bamboo chip as the dome-shaped skeleton that material curves height 0.8-1.0 rice, dome-shaped skeleton covers agricultural plastic film, plastic sheeting for farm use compresses real by canopy both sides ditch soil, canopy two ends brick or stone, by tight for plastic sheeting for farm use pressure, to increase temperature, the temperature difference, promote the growth of agate coffee.
4, strengthen root results spring: gather in the crops agate coffee April, leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days before excavating agate coffee, removes the main heart of agate coffee, destroys agate coffee periphery leaf 1/2nd, promote that block root expands.Average block root weighs 43 grams, maximum 84 grams, per mu yield 430 kilograms, and effective component in Maka---macamide and agate coffee alkene content are 0.63%, apparently higher than the agate coffee of tradition plantation.
Claims (10)
1. an agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method, is characterized in that, comprises the nursery of agate coffee booth water planting, low altitude area plantation in autumn, field film covering in winter and strengthen root spring gathering.
2. agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described low altitude area is lower than 2000 meters.
3. agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, agate coffee booth water planting seedling raise period is the 6-8 month, transplant autumn implantation time be August-October, spring, harvest time was March-April.
4. the agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that, described agate coffee booth water planting seedling raising process: agate coffee seedling-cultivating tray has bottom outlet, sow in rearmounted booth pond, depth of water 2-3cm, adds hydrogen peroxide in water, and hydrogen peroxide concentration is 1-5mmol/L; In booth, day temperature remains on 20-28 DEG C, and night temperatures remains on 18-20 DEG C, and humidity is 75-80%; 7-10 days start to emerge, when seedling leaf grow to 5-6cm long time carry out first time and cut seedling, cut the seedling first 2 days pond depth of water and drop to below 1cm, level cuts off every sheet Miao Ye top 1/3, the no seedling injury heart, cuts seedling and recovers pond depth of water 2-3cm afterwards in 3 days; When seedling leaf grow to 8-10cm long time carry out second time and cut seedling, before cutting seedling, in 2 angel ponds, the depth of water drops to below 1cm, adopts mechanical shear seedling, level cuts off every sheet Miao Ye top 1/3, does not injure the seedling heart, to cut after seedling 3 days, recover pond depth of water 2-3cm, keep emerging after 3-5 days, balled transplanting.
5. agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in seedling-cultivating tray, load seedling nutritious soil, component is peat: farmyard manure: vermiculite: perlite mass ratio=2:2:1:1, vibration tamp; Then one deck seedling nutritious soil is covered, thickness 0.2-0.5cm.
6. agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, seedling-cultivating tray length and width 40-50cm × 80-100cm, bottom is porose; Seedling disk point number 100-200, the dark 5-6cm in cave, every bunch planting kind 1-3 grain.
7. the agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, selection height above sea level plants agate coffee lower than the area of 2000 meters, smooth cultivated land, soil pH value is 5.2-7.5, carries out first time and ploughs deeply and tan by the sun, carry out second time and turn over before transplanting before transplanting 1-1.5 month to land for growing field crops, second time is turned over first every mu and is applied humic acid former powder 400kg mixing 2000kg well-rotted farmyard manure, then carries out soil disinfection after diluting 3000 times with the hydrogen peroxide 100L that concentration is 30%; Then sun the earth which has been ploughed up, hack, rakes, ridging, and face, ridge is trapezoidal, face width 60-80cm on ridge, ridge bottom width 70-90cm, ridge height 20cm, furrow 20cm; Every ridge kind 3-4 is capable, seeding row spacing 15-18cm × 20cm, and every mu of planting density is 0.8-1.2 ten thousand strain; Band soil during transplanting, the seedling heart exposes soil layer, surrounding soil compaction, then irrigates normal root water.
8. the agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, the time that the field management in winter of agate coffee adopts film to cover is December, January and February, and when the minimum air temperature is lower than 6 DEG C; The mode covered is that white plastic mulching, black film mulching or Small plastic shed film cover.
9. agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, adopt face, plastic mulching ridge, mulch film draws " cross " edge of a knife in agate coffee plant position, agate coffee plant is taken out from " cross " edge of a knife, then on the edge of a knife, cover a small amount of soil pressure tight, to increase temperature, the temperature difference, promote the growth of agate coffee.
10. the agate coffee low altitude area autumn culture method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, strengthen root results spring, before excavating agate coffee, leaf is beaten in pinching in 8-10 days, removes the main heart of agate coffee, destroys the leaf of agate coffee main heart periphery 1/2 number, promotes that block root expands.
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