CN105754299A - 一种新型复合板材 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型复合板材，其包括保温层以及设置在保温层两侧的刨花板。所述保温层包括如下重量组分的原料：秸秆，20~30重量份；双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，50~60重量份；磷石膏，10~20重量份；乙二胺，8~12重量份。本发明的复合板材节约环保、保温效果好。本发明同时提供了制备该复合板材的方法，其对设备要求低，步骤简单，生产周期短，成品质量高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适用于建筑物隔热保温使用的新型复合板材以及它的制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国城乡建筑迅速发展和人口的不断增加，社会对建筑材料的需求量大幅增长，建筑材料市场对传统的采用黏土烧结的实心砖墙体材料的需求量大增从而使乡镇黏土砖厂得到了前所未有的发展，我国每年因生产实心粘土砖大约需耗用土地75万亩。我国目前还是发展中国家，人口基数大，可利用耕地面积有限，人均耕地资源匮乏，为了实现经济社会的可持续发展，减少建筑行业对土地资源的损耗，推行建筑新材料以替代传统实心砖墙体材料势在必行。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种节约环保、保温效果好的新型复合板材同时提供了制备该复合板材的方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种新型复合板材，其包括保温层以及设置在保温层两侧的刨花板。
进一步的，所述保温层包括如下重量组分的原料：
秸秆，20~30重量份；
双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，50~60重量份；
磷石膏，10~20重量份；
乙二胺，8~12重量份。
进一步的，所述保温层包括如下重量组分的原料：
秸秆，25重量份；
双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，53重量份；
磷石膏，15重量份；
乙二胺，9重量份。
一种制备所述新型复合板材的方法，其包括如下步骤：
①将秸秆在切割机中切成8mm~10mm长的短料，再经锤碎机将其锤成宽度为1~2mm，厚度为0.5~1.0mm的细料，堆放在遮雨棚内，自然风干；磷石膏用粉碎机碎成50~80目的细粉；
②将粉碎后的秸秆以及磷石膏加入搅拌机中，搅拌2~2.5min，再加入双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，搅拌均匀，得到干料；
③将乙二胺加入搅拌好的干料中，搅拌均匀，并倒入模具中；其中模具的上下两侧放置有刨花板；
④模具置于70℃~80℃，保温1~2小时，保温过程中，上下两侧的刨花板进行挤压，压强为1~2MPa，得到新型复合板材。
制备方法中，所述步骤①中的细料厚度为0.8mm。
制备方法中，所述步骤④中保温温度为75℃，时间为1.5小时。
制备方法中，所述步骤④中保压压强为1.5MPa。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1.采用秸秆作为保温层主体，不但减轻了保温层的重量，同时回收再利用废弃资源，节能环保。
2.将生产高浓度磷复肥产生的磷石膏进行了回收利用，减少对天然石膏的开采量，消除了磷石膏带来的环境污染，同时提高板材的保温性能且节约成本。
3.使用双酚A型环氧树脂作为粘合剂，乙二胺为固化剂，增加各组分的粘合性能，使保温层更加密实，提高保温效果。
4.本发明的制备方法对双酚A型环氧树脂的固化过程进行了优化，使得保温层均一稳定，同时利用双酚A型环氧树脂对刨花板进行一次性粘合，具有设备要求低，步骤简单，生产周期短，成品质量高等优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本发明保护范围不限于实施例，本领域技术人员在权利要求限定的范围内做出任何改动也属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例中，所述秸秆为农业秸秆，包括但不限于玉米、小麦和水稻等农作物秸秆。
以下实施例中，所述乙二胺的质量以纯乙二胺的质量计。
实施例1
原料组成：玉米秸秆，20kg；双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒（国产型号为E-03(609)），50kg；磷石膏，10kg；乙二胺，8kg。
采用以下步骤制备：
①将秸秆在切割机中切成8mm~10mm长的短料，再经锤碎机将其锤成宽度为1~2mm，厚度为0.5mm的细料，堆放在遮雨棚内，自然风干；磷石膏用粉碎机碎成50目的细粉；
②将粉碎后的秸秆以及磷石膏加入搅拌机中，搅拌2~2.5min，再加入双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，搅拌均匀，得到干料；
③将乙二胺加入搅拌好的干料中，搅拌均匀，并倒入模具中；其中模具的上下两侧放置有刨花板；
④模具置于70℃，保温1小时，保温过程中，上下两侧的刨花板进行挤压，压强为1MPa，得到新型复合板材。
墙板的性能检测：
墙板厚度为30mm；抗弯破坏载荷1.3倍（0.75倍即合格），干缩值0.7mm/m（小于0.8mm/m即合格）；抗冲击性10次（5次即合格），悬挂力1100N（800N即合格），隔音性75dB（40dB即合格），吸水率7%左右；外墙体传热系数为0.7W/(m2K)。
实施例2
原料组成：小麦秸秆，30kg；双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒（国产型号为E-06(607)），60kg；磷石膏，20kg；乙二胺，12kg。
采用以下步骤制备：
①将秸秆在切割机中切成8mm~10mm长的短料，再经锤碎机将其锤成宽度为1~2mm，厚度为1.0mm的细料，堆放在遮雨棚内，自然风干；磷石膏用粉碎机碎成80目的细粉；
②将粉碎后的秸秆以及磷石膏加入搅拌机中，搅拌2~2.5min，再加入双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，搅拌均匀，得到干料；
③将乙二胺加入搅拌好的干料中，搅拌均匀，并倒入模具中；其中模具的上下两侧放置有刨花板；
④模具置于80℃，保温2小时，保温过程中，上下两侧的刨花板进行挤压，压强为2MPa，得到新型复合板材。
墙板的性能检测：
墙板厚度为30mm；抗弯破坏载荷1.5倍（0.75倍即合格），干缩值0.7m/m（小于0.8mm/m即合格）；抗冲击性12次（5次即合格），悬挂力1260N（800N即合格），隔音性82dB（40dB即合格），吸水率7%左右；外墙体传热系数为0.6W/(m2K)。
实施例3
原料组成：玉米秸秆，10kg；小麦秸秆，10kg；水稻秸秆，5kg；双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒（国产型号为E-12(604)），55kg；磷石膏，15kg；乙二胺，9kg。
采用以下步骤制备：
①将秸秆在切割机中切成8mm~10mm长的短料，再经锤碎机将其锤成宽度为1~2mm，厚度为0.8mm的细料，堆放在遮雨棚内，自然风干；磷石膏用粉碎机碎成70目的细粉；
②将粉碎后的秸秆以及磷石膏加入搅拌机中，搅拌2~2.5min，再加入双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，搅拌均匀，得到干料；
③将乙二胺加入搅拌好的干料中，搅拌均匀，并倒入模具中；其中模具的上下两侧放置有刨花板；
④模具置于75℃，保温1.5小时，保温过程中，上下两侧的刨花板进行挤压，压强为1.5MPa，得到新型复合板材。
墙板的性能检测：
墙板厚度为30mm；抗弯破坏载荷1.6倍（0.75倍即合格），干缩值0.4mm/m（小于0.8mm/m即合格）；抗冲击性15次（5次即合格），悬挂力1420N（800N即合格），隔音性86dB（40dB即合格），吸水率5%左右；外墙体传热系数为0.5W/(m2K)。
根据上述的实施例对本发明作了详细描述。需说明的是，以上的实施例仅仅为了举例说明发明而已。在不偏离本发明的精神和实质的前提下，本领域技术人员可以设计出本发明的多种替换方案和改进方案，其均应被理解为在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种新型复合板材，其特征在于，其包括保温层以及设置在保温层两侧的刨花板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型复合板材，其特征在于，所述保温层包括如下重量组分的原料：
秸秆，20~30重量份；
双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，50~60重量份；
磷石膏，10~20重量份；
乙二胺，8~12重量份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种新型复合板材，其特征在于，所述保温层包括如下重量组分的原料：
秸秆，25重量份；
双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，55重量份；
磷石膏，15重量份；
乙二胺，9重量份。
4.一种权利要求1~3任一项所述的新型复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括如下步骤：
①将秸秆在切割机中切成8mm~10mm长的短料，再经锤碎机将其锤成宽度为1~2mm，厚度为0.5~1.0mm的细料，堆放在遮雨棚内，自然风干；磷石膏用粉碎机碎成50~80目的细粉；
②将粉碎后的秸秆以及磷石膏加入搅拌机中，搅拌2~2.5min，再加入双酚A型环氧树脂颗粒，搅拌均匀，得到干料；
③将乙二胺加入搅拌好的干料中，搅拌均匀，并倒入模具中；其中模具的上下两侧放置有刨花板；
④模具置于70℃~80℃，保温1~2小时，保温过程中，上下两侧的刨花板进行挤压，压强为1~2MPa，得到新型复合板材。
5.根据权利要求4所述的新型复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤①中的细料厚度为0.8mm。
6.根据权利要求4所述的新型复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤④中保温温度为75℃，时间为1.5小时。
7.根据权利要求4所述的新型复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤④中保压压强为1.5MPa。
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