CN105688969A - Preparation method of catalyst for photo-catalytically splitting water to produce hydrogen - Google Patents

Preparation method of catalyst for photo-catalytically splitting water to produce hydrogen Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105688969A
CN105688969A CN201610093818.1A CN201610093818A CN105688969A CN 105688969 A CN105688969 A CN 105688969A CN 201610093818 A CN201610093818 A CN 201610093818A CN 105688969 A CN105688969 A CN 105688969A
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preparation
hydrogen production
production catalyst
catalyst
lithium metal
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邓顺柳
宋雪欢
谢素原
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Xiamen University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24Nitrogen compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39Photocatalytic properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/61Surface area
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042Decomposition of water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1094Promotors or activators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a catalyst for photo-catalytically splitting water to produce hydrogen and relates to nano materials. The preparation method includes: placing urea into a ceramic crucible with a cover, and calcining in a muffle furnace to obtain yellow g-C3N4 polymer material; under nitrogen protection, ultrasonically dispersing the g-C3N4 polymer material into tetrahydrofuran solution, using lithium metal as the electron donor and naphthalene as the first electron acceptor, performing solution-phase stripping in the presence of halogenated hydrocarbon, adding ethanol into the reaction product after reaction to remove unreacted lithium metal, centrifuging, washing the obtained solid product, and drying to obtain g-C3N4 nano-plates; ultrasonically dispersing the g-C3N4 nano-plates into water, adding graphene oxide, continuing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, rising temperature to 140-200 DEG C, keeping the temperature for 2-12 hours, then cooling to room temperature, performing suction filtration to obtain solid product, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the catalyst for photo-catalytically splitting water to produce hydrogen.

Description

A kind of preparation method of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst
Technical field
The present invention relates to nano material, the preparation method especially relating to a kind of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst。
Background technology
Hydrogen Energy be a kind of pollution-free, calorific value is high, apply wide desirable secondary energy sources, utilize decomposing water with solar energy hydrogen manufacturing to solve the problem such as energy shortage and environmental pollution have great importance。But existing solar photolysis water hydrogen catalyst is it is generally required to expensive, rare metal material for promoter, and visible light-responded weak, and hydrogen production efficiency is low。How to prepare good stability, visible light-responded photolytic hydrogen production catalyst strong, that hydrogen production efficiency is high and cheap becomes problem demanding prompt solution in hydrogen preparation field。
Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) it is a kind of only by the polymer semiconducting material that C, N are two kinds elementary composition, owing to its good chemical stability, unique semiconductor energy band structure, nontoxic and raw material are easy to get, it is taken as a kind of getting more and more people's extensive concerning in photolysis water hydrogen field without metal ingredient novel photocatalyst。But, by g-C3N4There is also some problems as photolytic hydrogen production catalyst, as serious in photo-generate electron-hole compound, visible light-responded weak, electric transmission efficiency is low。For these problems, people are to g-C3N4Photocatalyst carries out physics compound or chemical doping modifiies, thus realizing the adjustment to quasiconductor band structure and optical absorption property。Wherein physics is composite modified is improve g-C3N4A kind of short-cut method of photocatalysis performance。By g-C3N4With other Material cladding form heterojunction structure, it is possible to promote exciton fission, accelerating the separation of photo-generate electron-hole, thus suppressing the compound of photo-generated carrier, improving its photocatalysis performance。With the c-based nanomaterial that Graphene and CNT are representative, there is excellent electron transport ability and relatively low fermi level, it is possible to catch light induced electron and suppress the compound of photo-generated carrier, being effectively increased the photocatalysis performance of catalyst。Such as g-C3N4Can with carbon point (Liu etc., Science2015,347:970-974.), CNT (Chen etc., Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.2014,16:8106-8113), the Graphene (AcsNano2015 such as Duan, 9 (1): 931-940) compound of c-based nanomaterial such as, is used for the composite obtained the field such as photolysis water hydrogen, photocatalysis degradation organic contaminant and obtains remarkable effect。
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to existing photolytic hydrogen production catalyst photo-generate electron-hole compound serious, visible light-responded weak, hydrogen production efficiency is low, high in cost of production problem, it is provided that the preparation method of a kind of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst。
The present invention comprises the following steps:
1) carbamide is placed in ceramic crucible with cover, calcines in Muffle furnace, obtain the g-C of yellow3N4Polymeric material;
2) when nitrogen protection, by g-C3N4Polymeric material ultrasonic disperse is in tetrahydrofuran solution, with lithium metal for electron donor, naphthalene is the first electron acceptor, under halogenated alkane exists, carry out solution peel off mutually, in reactant, add ethanol after reaction remove unreacted lithium metal, being centrifuged, gained solid product washs again, dried g-C3N4Nanometer sheet;
3) by g-C3N4Nanometer sheet ultrasonic disperse, in water, adds graphene oxide, continues ultrasonic disperse and obtains mixed solution, mixed solution is transferred in reactor, is warming up to 140~200 DEG C, after maintaining 2~12h, be cooled to room temperature, sucking filtration obtains solid product, namely obtains photolytic hydrogen production catalyst through vacuum drying。
In step 1) in, the condition of described calcining can be calcining 2~4h at 450~550 DEG C。
In step 2) in, the time of described reaction can be 5~24h;Described centrifugal condition can the centrifugal 5min of rotating speed of 8000rpm/min;Described washing can use toluene, ethanol, water washing successively。
In step 1) and 2) in, described carbamide, g-C3N4Polymeric material, tetrahydrofuran solution, lithium metal, naphthalene proportioning can be (5~10) g: (10~500) mg: (50~150) mL: (0.23~3.45) g: (0.42~6.26) g, wherein, carbamide, g-C3N4Polymeric material, lithium metal, naphthalene are calculated in mass, and tetrahydrofuran solution is calculated by volume。
In step 3) in, the addition of described graphene oxide can be g-C by mass percentage3N4The 0~1.0% of nanometer sheet;Described vacuum drying temperature can be 60 DEG C。
First the present invention with carbamide for presoma, obtains g-C by heat polymerization3N4Polymeric material, then carries out stripping by reductive alkylation method and obtains g-C3N4Nanometer sheet, finally under solvent thermal hot conditions with Graphene compound, prepare photolysis water hydrogen g-C3N4/ graphene composite material catalyst。
Compared with prior art, the present invention possesses advantages below:
1) prices of raw materials are cheap, and catalyst preparing efficiency is high, controllability is strong, has the prospect of large-scale application。
2) the photolytic hydrogen production catalyst specific surface area prepared is big, it is seen that photoresponse is strong, and hydrogen production efficiency is high。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is g-C3N4Polymeric material, g-C3N4Nanometer sheet and g-C3N4The X-ray powder diffraction figure (XRD) that/graphene composite material (adds the mass percent respectively 0.02%, 0.05% and 0.1% of graphene oxide)。
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture (TEM) that the embodiment of the present invention 1 prepares photolysis water hydrogen photocatalyst。
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (SEM) that the embodiment of the present invention 1 prepares photolysis water hydrogen photocatalyst。
Fig. 4 is the catalyst of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation photocatalytic water H2-producing capacity comparison diagram under simulated solar irradiation irradiates。
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The ceramic crucible with cover of 50mL adds 10g carbamide, crucible is placed in Muffle furnace, is increased to 550 DEG C with the speed of 2.5 DEG C/min from room temperature, constant temperature 2h。Calcining is cooled to room temperature after terminating, and is ground by sample and obtain yellow powder in agate mortar, i.e. g-C3N4Polymeric material。When nitrogen protection, weigh 108mgg-C3N4Polymeric material adds in the tetrahydrofuran solution that 120mL fresh dried is crossed; ultrasonic 5min; then in this dispersion liquid, add 0.55g lithium metal and 5.08g naphthalene; solution becomes blackish green rear continuously stirred 1h; in above-mentioned solution, add Dodecyl Bromide until solution green disappears with the speed of 10mL/h with automatic injector again, continue reaction 12h under nitrogen protection。After reaction terminates, adding ethanol and remove unreacted lithium metal in above-mentioned reactant, with the centrifugal 5min of the rotating speed of 8000rpm/min, gained solid product uses toluene, ethanol, water washing successively, and final drying obtains g-C3N4Nanometer sheet。By g-C3N4Nanometer sheet ultrasonic disperse is in water, and adding mass percent is the graphene oxide of 0.02%, continues ultrasonic disperse and obtains mixed solution。Being transferred to by mixed solution in pyroreaction still, be warming up to 180 DEG C, and be cooled to room temperature after maintaining 6h, sucking filtration also dry obtains solid product。
Fig. 1 is g-C3N4Polymeric material, g-C3N4Nanometer sheet, and g-C3N4The X-ray powder diffraction figure (XRD) of/graphene composite material, as seen from Figure 1, peels off the g-C obtained3N4Nanometer sheet and g-C3N4/ graphene composite material all keeps good crystal formation。Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture (TEM) that the present invention prepares photolytic hydrogen production catalyst, as shown in Figure 2, and g-C3N4Nanometer sheet and Graphene can well compound, all there is obvious flake structure。Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (SEM) that the present invention prepares photolytic hydrogen production catalyst, as can be known from Fig. 3, and g-C after solvent thermal3N4Nanometer sheet and Graphene compound are uniform。Fig. 4 is the photocatalytic water H2-producing capacity comparison diagram of each catalyst when being simulated solar irradiation irradiation, from fig. 4, it can be seen that the Graphene of compound trace can make hydrogen production efficiency be significantly improved。
Embodiment 2
The ceramic crucible with cover of 50mL adds 10g carbamide, crucible is placed in Muffle furnace, is increased to 550 DEG C with the speed of 2.5 DEG C/min from room temperature, constant temperature 2h。Calcining is cooled to room temperature after terminating, and is ground by sample and obtain yellow powder in agate mortar, i.e. g-C3N4Polymeric material。When nitrogen protection, weigh 108mgg-C3N4Polymeric material adds in the tetrahydrofuran solution that 120mL fresh dried is crossed; ultrasonic 5min; then in this dispersion liquid, add 0.55g lithium metal and 5.08g naphthalene; solution becomes blackish green rear continuously stirred 1h; in above-mentioned solution, add Dodecyl Bromide until solution green disappears with the speed of 10mL/h with automatic injector again, continue reaction 12h under nitrogen protection。After reaction terminates, adding ethanol and remove unreacted lithium metal in above-mentioned reactant, with the centrifugal 5min of the rotating speed of 8000rpm/min, gained solid product uses toluene, ethanol, water washing successively, and final drying obtains g-C3N4Nanometer sheet。By g-C3N4Nanometer sheet ultrasonic disperse is in water, and adding mass percent is the graphene oxide of 0.05%, continues ultrasonic disperse and obtains mixed solution。Being transferred to by mixed solution in pyroreaction still, be warming up to 180 DEG C, and be cooled to room temperature after maintaining 6h, sucking filtration also dry obtains solid product。
Embodiment 3
The ceramic crucible with cover of 50mL adds 10g carbamide, crucible is placed in Muffle furnace, is increased to 550 DEG C with the speed of 2.5 DEG C/min from room temperature, constant temperature 2h。Calcining is cooled to room temperature after terminating, and is ground by sample and obtain yellow powder in agate mortar, i.e. g-C3N4Polymeric material。When nitrogen protection, weigh 368mgg-C3N4Polymeric material adds in the tetrahydrofuran solution that 120mL fresh dried is crossed; ultrasonic 5min; then in this dispersion liquid, add 0.21g lithium metal and 2.56g naphthalene; solution becomes blackish green rear continuously stirred 1h; in above-mentioned solution, add 1-bromine normal hexane until solution green disappears with the speed of 10mL/h with automatic injector again, continue reaction 12h under nitrogen protection。After reaction terminates, adding ethanol and remove unreacted lithium metal in above-mentioned reactant, with the centrifugal 5min of the rotating speed of 8000rpm/min, gained solid product uses toluene, ethanol, water washing successively, and final drying obtains g-C3N4Nanometer sheet。By g-C3N4Nanometer sheet ultrasonic disperse is in water, and adding mass percent is the graphene oxide of 0.1%, continues ultrasonic disperse and obtains mixed solution。Being transferred to by mixed solution in pyroreaction still, be warming up to 180 DEG C, and be cooled to room temperature after maintaining 6h, sucking filtration also dry obtains solid product。
The present invention utilizes Graphene for promoter, prepares graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/graphene composite material photocatalyst。In composite photo-catalyst, promoter Graphene has good electronics to be assembled and transmission characteristic, can promote efficiently separating of graphite phase carbon nitride photo-generate electron-hole, improve the photocatalysis efficiency of catalyst and the hydrogen production efficiency of photolysis water。Graphite phase carbon nitride and the grapheme material preparation method that the present invention relates to are simple, with low cost, utilize the compound of the two to prepare photolytic hydrogen production catalyst, provide a kind of new method for improving photolysis water hydrogen efficiency, being reduced by solar hydrogen making cost。

Claims (8)

1. the preparation method of a photolytic hydrogen production catalyst, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) carbamide is placed in ceramic crucible with cover, calcines in Muffle furnace, obtain the g-C of yellow3N4Polymeric material;
2) when nitrogen protection, by g-C3N4Polymeric material ultrasonic disperse is in tetrahydrofuran solution, with lithium metal for electron donor, naphthalene is the first electron acceptor, under halogenated alkane exists, carry out solution peel off mutually, in reactant, add ethanol after reaction remove unreacted lithium metal, being centrifuged, gained solid product washs again, dried g-C3N4Nanometer sheet;
3) by g-C3N4Nanometer sheet ultrasonic disperse, in water, adds graphene oxide, continues ultrasonic disperse and obtains mixed solution, mixed solution is transferred in reactor, is warming up to 140~200 DEG C, after maintaining 2~12h, be cooled to room temperature, sucking filtration obtains solid product, namely obtains photolytic hydrogen production catalyst through vacuum drying。
2. the preparation method of a kind of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 1) in, the condition of described calcining is calcining 2~4h at 450~550 DEG C。
3. the preparation method of a kind of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 2) in, the time of described reaction is 5~24h。
4. the preparation method of a kind of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 2) in, described centrifugal condition is the centrifugal 5min of the rotating speed with 8000rpm/min。
5. the preparation method of a kind of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 2) in, described washing is successively with toluene, ethanol, water washing。
6. the preparation method of a kind of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 1) and 2) in, described carbamide, g-C3N4Polymeric material, tetrahydrofuran solution, lithium metal, naphthalene proportioning be (5~10) g: (10~500) mg: (50~150) mL: (0.23~3.45) g: (0.42~6.26) g, wherein, carbamide, g-C3N4Polymeric material, lithium metal, naphthalene are calculated in mass, and tetrahydrofuran solution is calculated by volume。
7. the preparation method of a kind of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3) in, the addition of described graphene oxide is g-C by mass percentage3N4The 0~1.0% of nanometer sheet。
8. the preparation method of a kind of photolytic hydrogen production catalyst as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3) in, described vacuum drying temperature is 60 DEG C。
CN201610093818.1A 2016-02-19 2016-02-19 Preparation method of catalyst for photo-catalytically splitting water to produce hydrogen Pending CN105688969A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106115639A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-16 南京理工大学 A kind of crimping blade shape nano lamellar g C3n4preparation method
CN106185847A (en) * 2016-07-01 2016-12-07 陕西科技大学 A kind of low-density ultralight carbonitride raw powder's production technology with oriented growth
CN107321377A (en) * 2017-08-03 2017-11-07 河海大学 A kind of new visible-light photocatalysis material and its preparation method and application
CN107747105A (en) * 2017-09-12 2018-03-02 天津理工大学 A kind of preparation method of non-metal base photocathode
CN108620133A (en) * 2018-05-03 2018-10-09 同济大学 A kind of preparation method and applications of the visible light-responded catalysis production hydrogen material of two-dimensional transversal polymer hetero-junctions
CN110756186A (en) * 2018-07-25 2020-02-07 南京理工大学 Au/CN-H nano composite material with large specific surface area, and preparation method and application thereof

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CN103769187A (en) * 2013-12-18 2014-05-07 江苏悦达新材料科技有限公司 Preparation method of graphene/g-C3N4 compound photocatalyst
CN104891460A (en) * 2015-05-29 2015-09-09 厦门大学 Method for preparing graphite-phase carbon nitride nanosheets by using solution phase

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106115639A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-16 南京理工大学 A kind of crimping blade shape nano lamellar g C3n4preparation method
CN106185847A (en) * 2016-07-01 2016-12-07 陕西科技大学 A kind of low-density ultralight carbonitride raw powder's production technology with oriented growth
CN107321377A (en) * 2017-08-03 2017-11-07 河海大学 A kind of new visible-light photocatalysis material and its preparation method and application
CN107747105A (en) * 2017-09-12 2018-03-02 天津理工大学 A kind of preparation method of non-metal base photocathode
CN107747105B (en) * 2017-09-12 2019-08-13 天津理工大学 A kind of preparation method of non-metal base photocathode
CN108620133A (en) * 2018-05-03 2018-10-09 同济大学 A kind of preparation method and applications of the visible light-responded catalysis production hydrogen material of two-dimensional transversal polymer hetero-junctions
CN108620133B (en) * 2018-05-03 2020-10-30 同济大学 Preparation method and application of two-dimensional transverse polymer heterojunction visible light response catalytic hydrogen production material
CN110756186A (en) * 2018-07-25 2020-02-07 南京理工大学 Au/CN-H nano composite material with large specific surface area, and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20160622