CN110756186A - Au/CN-H nano composite material with large specific surface area, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Au/CN-H nano composite material with large specific surface area, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110756186A
CN110756186A CN201810824889.3A CN201810824889A CN110756186A CN 110756186 A CN110756186 A CN 110756186A CN 201810824889 A CN201810824889 A CN 201810824889A CN 110756186 A CN110756186 A CN 110756186A
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nitric acid
reaction
water
preparation
modified precursor
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付永胜
彭琼
汪信
黄婷
虞春燕
周焱
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Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Tech University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/48Silver or gold
    • B01J23/52Gold
    • B01J35/39
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042Decomposition of water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention discloses an Au/CN-H nano composite material with a large specific surface area, and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of preparation and application of nano materials. Heating dicyanodiamine, stirring and dissolving in water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated nitric acid for reaction, cooling in an ice-water mixed solution after the reaction is finished, crystallizing, separating out, and drying to obtain a nitric acid modified precursor; dissolving a nitric acid modified precursor in water, slowly dropwise adding a chloroauric acid solution for reaction, and freeze-drying a reaction solution to obtain a complex of the nitric acid modified precursor and the chloroauric acid; and calcining the complex of the nitric acid modified precursor and the chloroauric acid at high temperature in the air to obtain the Au/CN-H nano-composite. The Au/CN-H composite prepared by the invention has a porous platelet structure and a large specific surface area which can reach 158.59m2g‑1Can provide more active sites for reaction and remarkably improve the visible light catalytic hydrogen production performance of the catalystThe rate of hydrogen production by photolysis of water under visible light can reach 513.4 mu moL h‑1The above.

Description

Au/CN-H nano composite material with large specific surface area, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an Au/CN-H nano composite material with a large surface area, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of preparation and application of nano materials.
Background
Since the end of the 80's of the 20 th century, american physicists a.m.lin and m.l.cohen succeeded in synthesizing g-C3N4From this point on, g-C3N4Is researched by a great number of researchers due to the unique electronic structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. g-C3N4As a typical semiconductor photocatalyst with a graphene-like structure, the photocatalyst has the following unique advantages: can absorb visible light; the chemical stability is good; synthesis of g-C3N4The source of the precursor is wide; unique electronic structure, etc. But also has some disadvantages that limit its application, such as small specific surface area, poor conductivity, and fast rate of recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes.
For g-C3N4There are disadvantages to which many researchers have variously modified to improve their photocatalytic activities. Preparation of Au/g-C by using organic-inorganic mixture by Subhajyotit Samanta et al3N4The complex has better catalytic activity [ Samanta S, Martha S, Parida K, simple Synthesis of Au/g-C ] when being applied to the hydrogen production by photolysis of water3N4nanocomposites: an inorganic/organic hybrid plasmonicphotocatalyst withenhanced hydrogen gas evolution under visible-light irradiation[J].Chemcatchem, 2014, 6(5):1453-1462.]. But g-C for the synthesis of the complexes3N4Is obtained by calcining melamine by a traditional method, has no larger specific surface area, and limits the further improvement of the catalytic activity of the melamine. Shijing Liang et al co-doped g-C with Au and Pt3N4To improve the performance of hydrogen production by photolysis of water and to investigate the performance of hydrogen production by photolysis of water by loading different metals [ Liang S, Xia Y, Zhu S, et al Au and Pt co-loaded g-C3N4nanosheetsfor enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible lightirradiation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2015, 358:304-312.]. But in the preparation of Au/Pt/g-C3N4For nanocomposites, ordinary g-C is used3N4The catalyst has low catalytic activity, the preparation process is complex when Au and Pt are loaded simultaneously, and the cost is greatly improved while the performance of hydrogen production by photolysis is improved by loading two noble metals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an Au/CN-H nano composite material with large specific surface area, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the Au/CN-H nano composite material is prepared by calcining a complex of nitric acid modified dicyanodiamide and chloroauric acid. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparing a precursor of the nitric acid modified graphite phase carbon nitride (CN-H): heating dicyanodiamine, stirring and dissolving in water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated nitric acid for reaction, cooling, crystallizing and separating out in an ice-water mixed solution after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain a nitric acid modified precursor;
2) preparing a complex of a nitric acid modified precursor and chloroauric acid: dissolving nitric acid modified precursor powder in water, slowly dropwise adding a chloroauric acid solution for reaction, and freeze-drying reaction liquid to obtain nitric acid modified precursor and chloroauric acid complex powder;
3) preparing a gold acid modified carbon nitride (Au/CN-H) nano composite: and calcining the complex powder of the nitric acid modified precursor and the chloroauric acid at high temperature in the air to obtain the Au/CN-H nano-composite.
Further, in the step 1), the temperature for heating, stirring and dissolving dicyanodiamide in water is 40 ℃, and the time for heating, stirring and dissolving dicyanodiamide is 60-80 min.
Further, in the step 1), the volume ratio of the concentrated nitric acid to the water is 1:8, and the reaction time is 100-120 min.
Further, in the step 1), the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃.
Further, in the step 2), the mass ratio of gold to the nitric acid modified precursor is 1-4: 2mg/g, preferably 2:2 mg/g; the reaction time is 100-120 min.
Further, in the step 3), the high-temperature calcination temperature is 550 +/-10 ℃, and the calcination time is 2-4 hours.
The Au/CN-H nano composite material prepared by the method is used as a visible light catalyst and is applied to hydrogen production by photolysis of water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the Au/CN-H nano compound prepared by the invention has simple synthesis method, g-C3N4The synthesis and the Au loading are simultaneously completed, thereby avoiding the use of a reducing agent and simplifying the synthesis steps;
2) the Au used in the invention has low mass, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of the catalyst in practical application;
3) the Au/CN-H composite prepared by the invention has a porous platelet structure and a large specific surface area which can reach 158.59m2g-1More active sites can be provided for reaction, the visible light catalytic hydrogen production performance of the catalyst is remarkably improved, and the hydrogen production rate by photolysis of water under the condition of visible light can reach 513.4 mu moL h-1
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the preparation of large surface area Au/CN-H nanocomposite in example 2.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the preparation of large surface area Au/CN-H nanocomposite in example 3.
FIG. 3 is a TEM image of the preparation of large surface area Au/CN-H nanocomposite of example 2.
FIG. 4 is a test chart of specific surface area of the Au/CN-H nanocomposite prepared in example 2 and comparative sample 1 thereof.
FIG. 5 is a test chart of the performance of example 1, example 2, example 3, and example 4 in preparing Au/CN-H nano-composite with large surface area and comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 in hydrogen production by photolysis.
FIG. 6 is a photocurrent test curve of the Au/CN-H nanocomposite prepared in example 2 and the comparative sample 1 and the comparative sample 2.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a route for synthesizing nitric acid-modified carbon nitride in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.
This example provides a method for preparing a large surface area Au/CN-H nanocomposite, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: heating dicyanodiamine, stirring and dissolving in water at 40 ℃, reacting for 60-80 min, then slowly dropwise adding concentrated nitric acid with the volume ratio of 1:8, reacting for 100-120 min, cooling in ice water mixed liquid, crystallizing and separating out to obtain white solid, collecting the white solid, and drying in an oven at 50-60 ℃ to obtain white powder of a nitric acid modified precursor;
the second step is that: dissolving the dried powder obtained in the first step in water, slowly dropwise adding a chloroauric acid solution with the mass of 1-4 mg of gold for reaction, reacting for 100-120 min, and freeze-drying the reaction solution to obtain nitric acid modified precursor and chloroauric acid complex powder;
the third step: calcining the nitric acid modified precursor and the complex powder of the chloroauric acid obtained in the second step at 550 +/-10 ℃ for 2-4H (the heating rate is 2 ℃/min) to obtain an Au/CN-H nano compound;
the fourth step: 50 mg of Au/CN-H nano composite is weighed and ultrasonically dispersed in water, 30 mu L of chloroplatinic acid solution is added as a cocatalyst, 10mL of triethanolamine is used as a hole trapping agent, and hydrogen is produced by photolysis of water under the condition of visible light.
Example 1
The first step is as follows: heating and stirring 2g of dicyanodiamine to dissolve in water at 40 ℃, reacting for 60 min, slowly dropwise adding 5mL of concentrated nitric acid, reacting for 120 min, cooling and crystallizing in an ice-water mixed solution to obtain a white solid, collecting the white solid, and drying in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain white powder of a nitric acid modified precursor;
the second step is that: dissolving 2g of the dried powder obtained in the first step in deionized water at 40 ℃, then slowly dropwise adding a chloroauric acid solution with the mass of 1mg of gold for reaction, and after the reaction is carried out for 120 min, carrying out freeze drying on the reaction solution to obtain nitric acid modified precursor and chloroauric acid complex powder;
the third step: and calcining the complex powder of the nitric acid modified precursor and the chloroauric acid obtained in the second step for 4 hours at 550 ℃ in the air (the heating rate is 2 ℃/min) to obtain the Au/CN-H nano-composite.
The fourth step: 50 mg of Au/CN-H nano composite is weighed and ultrasonically dispersed in water, 30 mu L of chloroplatinic acid solution is added as a cocatalyst, 10mL of triethanolamine is used as a hole trapping agent, and hydrogen is produced by photolysis of water under the condition of visible light.
The performance of the prepared Au/CN-H nano compound for hydrogen production by water photolysis is shown in figure 5, and the hydrogen production rate by water photolysis is 324.1 mu moL H under the condition of visible light-1
Example 2
This example provides a method for preparing a large surface area Au/CN-H nanocomposite, substantially the same as in example 1, except that dicyanodiamide reacts with water for 80 min in the first step, and a chloroauric acid solution of gold in a mass of 2mg is slowly added dropwise in the second step.
SEM of the prepared Au/CN-H nanocomposite is shown in figures 1 and 2, which shows a porous structure formed by stacking small chip layers, TEM of the Au/CN-H nanocomposite is shown in figure 3, which shows that the Au/CN-H nanocomposite is loaded with Au nanoparticles, the average particle size is 5.8nm, nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves of the Au/CN-H nanocomposite are shown in figure 4, and the specific surface area of the prepared Au/CN-H nanocomposite reaches 158.59m2g-1The performance of hydrogen production by water photolysis is shown in FIG. 5, and the hydrogen production rate by water photolysis is 513.4 mu mol lh under visible light conditions-1. The photocurrent curve of the prepared Au/CN-H nano-composite is shown in figure 6, and the instantaneous photocurrent can reach 0.26 muA under the irradiation of visible light.
Example 3
This example provides a method for preparing a large surface area Au/CN-H nanocomposite, substantially the same as in example 1, except that in the first step, concentrated nitric acid is added dropwise and then the reaction is carried out for 120 min, and in the second step, a chloroauric acid solution with a gold mass of 3 mg is slowly added dropwise and the reaction is carried out.
To obtainThe hydrogen production performance by water photolysis of the Au/CN-H nano compound is shown in figure 5, and the hydrogen production rate by water photolysis is 423.5 mu moL L H under the visible light condition-1
Example 4
This example provides a method for preparing a large surface area Au/CN-H nanocomposite, substantially the same as in example 1, except that in the second step, a chloroauric acid solution of gold in a mass of 4 mg was slowly added dropwise for a reaction time of 100 min.
The performance of the prepared Au/CN-H nano compound for hydrogen production by water photolysis is shown in figure 5, and the hydrogen production rate by water photolysis is 365.7 mu moL H under the condition of visible light-1
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the chloroauric acid solution was not added dropwise in the second step and calcined for 2 hours in the third step.
The formation mechanism of the obtained nitric acid modified carbon nitride (CN-H) is shown in FIG. 7, the nitrogen adsorption and desorption curve is shown in FIG. 4, and the specific surface area is 69.56 m2g-1. The visible light catalytic performance is shown in FIG. 5, and the hydrogen production rate by photolysis of water is 222.7 mu moL h under the visible light condition-1. The photocurrent curve is shown in fig. 6, and the instantaneous photocurrent can reach 0.21 mua under the irradiation of visible light.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is different from example 1 in that concentrated nitric acid was not added dropwise in the first step and a chloroauric acid solution was not added dropwise in the second step.
The visible light catalytic performance of the prepared Carbon Nitride (CN) is shown in figure 5, and the hydrogen production rate by photolysis of water is 22.1 mu moL h under the visible light condition-1. The photocurrent curve is shown in fig. 6, and the instantaneous photocurrent was 0.03 μ a under visible light irradiation.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of Au/CN-H nano composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) heating dicyanodiamine, stirring and dissolving in water, slowly dropwise adding concentrated nitric acid for reaction, cooling, crystallizing and separating out in an ice-water mixed solution after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain a nitric acid modified precursor;
2) dissolving a nitric acid modified precursor in water, slowly dropwise adding a chloroauric acid solution for reaction, and freeze-drying a reaction solution to obtain a complex of the nitric acid modified precursor and the chloroauric acid;
3) and calcining the complex of the nitric acid modified precursor and the chloroauric acid at high temperature in the air to obtain the Au/CN-H nano-composite.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the temperature for heating, stirring and dissolving dicyanodiamine in water is 40 ℃, and the time for heating, stirring and dissolving is 60-80 min.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the volume ratio of the concentrated nitric acid to the water is 1:8, and the reaction time is 100-120 min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in step 1) is 50 to 60 ℃.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the mass ratio of the gold to the nitric acid modified precursor is 1-4: 2 mg/g.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the mass ratio of gold to the nitric acid-modified precursor is 2:2 mg/g.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the reaction time is 100 to 120 min.
8. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the high-temperature calcination temperature is 550 +/-10 ℃ and the calcination time is 2-4 h.
9. Au/CN-H nanocomposites prepared by the process of any one of claims 1-8.
10. Use of the Au/CN-H nanocomposite prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for photolytic hydrogen production.
CN201810824889.3A 2018-07-25 2018-07-25 Au/CN-H nano composite material with large specific surface area, and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN110756186A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113414382A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-09-21 南京清研工程科技有限公司 Flame-retardant aluminum-based composite material for hydrogen production and preparation method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104475140A (en) * 2014-11-07 2015-04-01 江苏大学 Silver-modified carbon nitride composite photocatalytic material and preparation method thereof
CN105688969A (en) * 2016-02-19 2016-06-22 厦门大学 Preparation method of catalyst for photo-catalytically splitting water to produce hydrogen

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Title
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113414382A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-09-21 南京清研工程科技有限公司 Flame-retardant aluminum-based composite material for hydrogen production and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20200207