CN105686006A - 一种牡蛎复合功能食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种牡蛎复合功能食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105686006A CN105686006A CN201610072106.1A CN201610072106A CN105686006A CN 105686006 A CN105686006 A CN 105686006A CN 201610072106 A CN201610072106 A CN 201610072106A CN 105686006 A CN105686006 A CN 105686006A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种牡蛎复合功能食品,包括以下重量份原料制成:牡蛎肽粉5~15份,人参1~3份,淫羊藿2~6份,红景天2~6份,枸杞子2~5份,杜仲3~6份。本发明还公开了该牡蛎复合功能食品的制备方法。本发明配方使得各种原料起到了很好的增效作用,能更好地发挥组合物的疗效,使每个中药发挥其独特的功效,在缓解体力疲劳方面效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种牡蛎复合功能食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
在我国批准的保健食品中,抗疲劳保健食品数量排在第三,足以体现对抗疲劳的实际需求。最初,人们认为疲劳是因机体细胞发生化学变化而导致的一系列中毒现象,表现为组织、器官甚至整个机体工作能力下降。随着研究的深入和对疲劳机制的探索,最终科学家将疲劳定义为由机体运动本身所引起的机体生理过程不能持续其功能在特定水平或不能维持预定的运动强度而导致运动能力下降的现象。
牡蛎肉质鲜嫩,味道鲜美,有丰富的营养价值,号称“海中牛奶”。现代科学研究表明牡蛎肉含有丰富的蛋白质、糖原、牛磺酸和微量元素,具有抗疲劳、抗氧化、降血糖及抗肿瘤等作用,不仅可以作为食物,还具有极大的药用价值。牡蛎也是我国第一批既是食品又是药品的食材之一。
从天然的海产品牡蛎中通过复合酶解提取得到牡蛎多肽,进一步研究牡蛎活性肽的生理作用、开发牡蛎保健品具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种牡蛎复合功能食品及其制备方法,该功能食品以牡蛎肽粉为主要原料,结合5味提取物合理搭配,具有良好的抗疲劳作用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种牡蛎复合功能食品,包括以下重量份原料制成:牡蛎肽粉5~15份,人参1~3份,淫羊藿2~6份,红景天2~6份,枸杞子2~5份,杜仲3~6份。
人参:别称圆参、黄参、棒槌、人衔、鬼盖、神草、土精、地精,属被子植物门有管有胚植物亚门、木兰纲、、蔷薇亚纲、伞形目、五加科、人参族、人参属。为名贵中药,性平,味甘,微苦。用于体虚软脱、肢冷脉微、脾虚食少、肺虚喘咳、津伤口渴、内热消渴、久病虚贏、惊悸失眠、阳痿宫冷、心力衰竭、心源性休克。在人参的抗疲劳的实验研究表明人参对动物的抗疲劳、耐缺氧、抗应激及升高血色素等方面均具有明显的作用。人参可增强小鼠耐缺氧能力,负重游泳时间延长,抗氧化作用是提高耐疲劳能力的原因之一。人参抗疲劳作用的机制可能与其升高血脂和促进蛋白质、RNA合成有关。研究表明人参皂甙及亲脂成分,能增加小鼠的自发运动,显示抗疲劳作用。
淫羊藿:淫羊藿为中国传统的补益物品,历代本草均有记载,性味辛、甘,温;归肝、肾经;具有补肾阳,强筋骨,祛风湿的作用;用于肾阳虚衰,阳痿遗精,筋骨痿软,风湿痹痛,麻木拘挛。淫羊藿以淫羊藿黄酮为主要成分,迄今已分得数十种黄酮类成分,包括淫羊藿苷。淫羊藿还含有淫羊藿多糖。淫羊藿叶的水提液有明显的清除自由基作用。据悉淫羊藿中黄酮类成分木兰花碱对运动员运动前后Hb、Glue、BLA、BUN等生化指标均有有益影响,并使心血管***处于高动力状态,利于运动员较长时间维持高强度运动能力,而具有抗运动性疲劳的作用。
红景天:为景天科多年生草木或灌木植物,《神农本草经》中将红景天列为药中上品。甘,苦,平,归肺、心经。具有益气活血,通脉平喘的功效,用于气虚血瘀,胸痹心痛,中风偏瘫,倦怠气喘。现代药理研究表明,红景天能增强运动耐力、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗肺炎及哮喘、抗癌等作用。
枸杞子:枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞LyciumbarbarumL.的干燥成熟果实,野生和栽培均有,分布于华北、西北等地,其他地区也有栽培。枸杞子主含枸杞多糖,其具有广泛的生物学活性。纯品枸杞多糖能显著地增加小鼠肌糖原、肝糖原储备量;提高运动前及游泳后血清乳酸脱氢酶总活力;降低小鼠剧烈运动后血清尿素氮增量,加快运动后血尿素氮的恢复速率。结果表明纯品枸杞多糖在提高机体对运动负荷的适应能力、抵抗疲劳产生和加速疲劳的消除方面具有十分明显的作用。通过人群试验表明,宁夏枸杞具有降低血乳酸含量作用,具有抗运动疲劳作用。
杜仲:为著名中药材,是我国特有单属科、单种属植物。根据中华传统药食同源理论,《本草纲目》记载,杜仲对人体具有“益气、坚筋骨”的保健作用。用杜仲制成的中成药,历代医书也多有论述:《寿亲养老新书》中说,杜仲丸能补下元、乌须发、壮脚膝、悦颜色,久服抗衰防老。《圣济总录》中说,杜仲饮能温肾阳、强筋骨,适用于年老弱肾阳不足、腰膝冷痛无力,疗效颇佳。《仁斋直指方论》中说,“还少丹”(由杜仲等药材炮制而成),有补肝肾、聪耳、明目、健身之功,为心肾不足、精血虚损、身体虚贏、目暗耳鸣者所常用。杜仲具有补肝肾、强筋骨、抗老防衰、治腰痛等功效,现代药理学证明杜仲具有降压、增强免疫、强壮、抗癌、抗脂质过氧化等多方面的药理作用。经动物组织分解实验证实,小鼠在服用杜仲水煎液后小鼠表现出在骨骼肌微结构上的特点是***发达、成纤维细胞活动旺盛、胶原纤维数量增多、线粒体和肌浆网明显丰富,这与肌肉收缩时能量的供应及Ca++的提供是相适应的,也是提高运动能力的结构基础,从而为杜仲能促进胶原蛋白合成和全面提高运动能力等方面提供了直接的形态学证据。对小鼠的负重游泳实验研究也表明,杜仲酒提液能有效延长负重游泳时间、提高机体糖元储备或减少运动时糖元的消耗、增强机体对运动负荷的适应能力。故杜仲具有抗疲劳作用。
本发明还公开了上述牡蛎复合功能食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.按照权利要求1的重量配比取人参、淫羊蒮、红景天、枸杞子、杜仲并制成粉状。
S2.按以下步骤制备牡蛎肽粉:(1)取新鲜牡蛎清洗沥干后打浆,加入2倍体积的水搅拌;(2)加入胰蛋白酶7500U/g、风味蛋白酶450U/g,调节pH为8.0,温度为40℃~60℃,反应3h~4h,至上清液与沉淀界限清楚,离心提取上清液;(3)将上述得到的上清液通过陶瓷膜除杂,超滤膜过滤获得分子量为300~10000Da之间的小分子牡蛎肽粉;(4)小分子牡蛎肽粉通过纳滤膜浓缩,最后经喷雾干燥得到牡蛎肽粉。
S3.将步骤S1得到的粉状的人参、淫羊蒮、红景天、枸杞子、杜仲及步骤S2得到的牡蛎肽粉按照重量配比混合得到组合物粉末。
S4.将得到的组合物粉末与常规辅料制得胶囊或口服液或片剂。
其中,步骤S1中各原料制成粉状的过程如下:取干燥的杜仲、枸杞子和红景天混合,加入6倍体积的水,加热回流提取,达到微沸状态后保持2h,煎煮提取2次,第一次提取前浸泡;合并2次煎煮液,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,温度控制在50℃~70℃,得初膏,冻干成粉状;取干燥的人参和淫羊藿混合,粉碎,过40目筛,过筛后加入体积为混合物体积6~10倍质量浓度为80%的乙醇回流提取2次,回收溶剂,将得到的膏状沉淀冻干成粉状。
其中,步骤S2中小分子牡蛎肽粉通过纳滤膜浓缩至固含量达10%,最后喷雾干燥,控制喷雾的进风温度为180℃,出风温度为80℃,得到活性牡蛎肽粉,使用前真空包装低温保存。
进一步地,步骤S4中胶囊的制备过程为:将步骤S3得到的组合物粉末过80目筛,用质量浓度为85%的乙醇制作成软材,16目筛制粒,并在50℃~60℃温度下干燥,14目筛整粒,装入胶囊壳,即得胶囊成品。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明具有如下优点:本发明以牡蛎肽粉为主要原料,结合5味提取物合理搭配,给出的配方使得各种原料起到了很好的增效作用,即每个中药发挥其独特的功效,组合起来在缓解体力疲劳方面效果更为显著,处方更优化,将有效组分提取的更完全,更好地发挥组合物的疗效;且无不良反应,药性温和,长期服用安全性很高。制备的设备简单,成本较低,能够实现工业化生产。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
本发明公开了一种牡蛎复合功能食品,以牡蛎肽粉为主要原料,结合5味提取物。其配方如下表1所示。
表1.牡蛎复合功能食品配料表
组别 | 牡蛎肽粉(g) | 人参(g) | 淫羊藿(g) | 红景天(g) | 枸杞子(g) | 杜仲(g) |
一组 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
二组 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
三组 | 15 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
本发明还公开了上述牡蛎复合功能食品的制备过程,包括以下步骤:
S1.按照表1的重量配比取人参、淫羊蒮、红景天、枸杞子、杜仲并制成粉状。具体如下:
(1)取干燥的杜仲、枸杞子和红景天混合,加入6倍体积的水,加热回流提取,达到微沸状态后保持2h,煎煮提取2次,第一次提取前浸泡;合并2次煎煮液,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,温度控制在50℃~70℃,得初膏,冻干成粉状。
(2)取干燥的人参和淫羊藿混合,粉碎,过40目筛,过筛后加入体积为混合物体积6~10倍质量浓度为80%的乙醇回流提取2次,回收溶剂,将得到的膏状沉淀冻干成粉状。
S2.按以下步骤制备牡蛎肽粉:
(1)取新鲜牡蛎清洗沥干后打浆,加入2倍体积的水搅拌。
(2)加入胰蛋白酶7500U/g、风味蛋白酶450U/g,调节pH为8.0,温度为40℃~60℃,反应3h~4h,至上清液与沉淀界限清楚,离心提取上清液。
(3)将上述得到的上清液通过陶瓷膜除杂,超滤膜过滤获得分子量为300~10000Da之间的小分子牡蛎肽粉。
(4)小分子牡蛎肽粉通过给滤膜浓缩至固含量达10%,最后喷雾干燥,控制喷雾的进风温度为180℃,出风温度为80℃,得到活性牡蛎肽粉,使用前真空包装低温保存。
S3.将步骤S1得到的粉状的人参、淫羊蒮、红景天、枸杞子、杜仲及步骤S2得到的牡蛎肽粉按照表1的重量配比混合得到组合物粉末。
S4.将步骤S3得到的组合物粉末过80目筛,用质量浓度为85%的乙醇制作成软材,16目筛制粒,并在50℃~60℃温度下干燥,14目筛整粒,装入胶囊壳,即得胶囊成品。或与常规辅料制得口服液或片剂。
以下对使用本发明的制备方法制备得到的牡蛎复合功能食品进行灌胃小鼠实验,通过对小鼠运动指标及生化指标的测定探讨本发明功能食品对小鼠抗疲劳的活性作用。
1.动物分组及给药方法
SPF级雄性ICR小鼠80只,适应性喂养一周后,根据小鼠体重随机分为2组,每组40只。即空白对照组、功能食品组。功能食品组采用表1中二组的配方制得的口服液。其中空白对照组每天灌胃0.5ml蒸馏水,功能食品组每天灌胃1.0g/kg剂量牡蛎复合功能食品。同时饲喂小鼠维持饲料,自由饮水,30d后试验。
2.实验过程
(1)力竭游泳时间测定
经口连续给予受试物30d,末次灌胃30min后,将尾部负荷5%体重铅皮的小鼠至于游泳箱中游泳。水深不少于30cm,水温25±1.0℃,以小鼠头部沉入水面持续8s不能浮出为判定终点,记录小鼠自游泳开始至死亡的时间,即小鼠力竭游泳时间。
(2)尿素氮含量测定
经口连续给予受试物30d,末次灌胃30min后,在温度为30℃的水中不负重游泳90min,休息60min后拔眼球取血,待血液凝固后2000转离心15min,取血清,用尿素氮测试盒测定。
(3)肝糖原含量测定
经口连续给予受试物30d,末次灌胃30min后颈椎脱臼处死,取肝脏,经生理盐水漂洗,滤纸吸干,精确称取100mg肝脏,加入30μL碱液煮沸后流水冷却,制备成糖原检测液,用肝糖原测定试剂盒测定。
(4)血乳酸含量测定
经口连续给予受试物30d,末次灌胃30min后使各组小鼠在水温30℃的水箱中无负重游泳。分别于游泳前、游泳90min、游泳后休息60min等不同时间,眼眶静脉丛取血,用试剂盒测定小鼠BLA含量。
(5)数据统计和分析
数据分析采用SPSS19.0软件进行单因素方差分析并进行LSD多重比较。
3.实验结果
(1)牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠体重的影响
试验过程中,小鼠每隔一周称一次体重并记录。表2可知,各组小鼠的体重均有同等程度的增长,说明对小鼠的体重的影响并无显著差异(p>0.05),这也保证了小鼠在生化指标测定时避免给了体重差异所带来的影响。
表2.牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠体重的影响(n=10,)
(2)牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠力竭游泳时间的影响
力竭游泳时间表现的是小鼠运动耐力大小,直接反应疲劳的程度,负重游泳时间越长,运动能力越强。表3可以看出,连续灌胃30天后,功能食品组小鼠力竭游泳时间比空白对照组长。
表3.牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠力竭游泳时间的影响(n=10,)
注:“*”与空白对照组比,p<0.05;“**”与空白对照组比,p<0.01。
疲劳是指机体运动所引起的机体生理机能不能保持在正常水平或不能维持其原有的运动强度而表现出机体运动能力下降的现象。运动耐力可以最直接、最客观的反映机体的疲劳程度,小鼠负重力竭游泳时间的长短,是一种稳定而常用的评价指标。该实验表明,本发明的牡蛎复合功能食品具有一定程度的抗疲劳作用。
(3)牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠血清尿素氮含量的影响
表4可以看出,连续灌胃30d后各剂量组与小鼠血清尿素氮含量的关系。与空白对照组相比,功能食品组的血清尿素氮含量低于空白对照组(p<0.01)。
表4.牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠血清尿素氮含量的影响(n=10,)
注:“*”与空白对照组比,p<0.05;“**”与空白对照组比,p<0.01。
机体进行长时间大强度运动时,由糖原提供的能量不足以维持时,蛋白质便开始参与代谢提供能量,作为代谢产物尿素氮含量会大大上升,本发明的牡蛎复合功能食品能够降低运动时尿素氮含量,延缓疲劳状态的产生。
(4)牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠肝糖原含量的影响
从表5可以看出,经过30d连续灌胃后,与空白对照组相比,功能食品组小鼠肝糖原含量均有极显著的增加(p<0.01)。
表5.牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠肝糖原含量的影响(n=10,)
注:“*”与空白对照组比,p<0.05;“**”与空白对照组比,p<0.01。
当机体疲劳时,体内的肝糖原会转化成血糖用以弥补肌糖原的消耗,所以肝糖原含量会迅速降低。因此肝糖原的储备含量可以表明机体可以延缓运动疲劳的产生。通过该实验测定,说明本发明牡蛎复合功能食品能够给机体提供足够的能量补充,有助于在运动状态下抵抗疲劳。
(5)牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠血乳酸含量的影响
运动前,小鼠处于休息状态,体内乳酸含量处于较低水平。游泳后,由于小鼠处于剧烈运动状态,需要大量能量供给,需要通过无氧呼吸将葡萄糖转化为ATP,无氧呼吸导致体内乳酸含量急剧上升,功能食品组小鼠乳酸含量上升率低与空白对照组相比具有极显著差异(p<0.01);休息后,体内乳酸在乳酸脱氢酶的作用下转化为丙酮酸并进一步代谢,乳酸水平又逐渐降低,直至恢复正常水平,功能食品组小鼠乳酸清除率大于空白对照组。如表6所示。
表6.牡蛎复合功能食品对小鼠血乳酸含量的影响(n=10,)
Table2.10TheeffectedofOysterpeptideonserumlacticacid(n=10,)
注:“*”与空白对照组比,p<0.05;“**”与空白对照组比,p<0.01。
正常情况下,机体通过糖酵解将糖原转化成葡萄糖,再通过三羧酸循环氧化分解葡萄糖产生ATP提供能量。在大强度运动下,能量提供不足,就会通过无氧呼吸产生乳酸。血液中乳酸含量通常作为检测疲劳程度的重要指标。本发明的牡蛎复合功能食品可能是通过增加乳酸脱氢酶的活性从而促进乳酸的代谢。
综上,本发明以牡蛎肽粉为主要原料,结合5味提取物合理搭配,各种原料发挥其独特的功效,在缓解体力疲劳方面效果显著。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种牡蛎复合功能食品,其特征在于,包括以下重量份原料制成:
牡蛎肽粉5~15份,人参1~3份,淫羊藿2~6份,红景天2~6份,枸杞子2~5份,杜仲3~6份。
2.权利要求1所述的牡蛎复合功能食品的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.按照权利要求1的重量配比取人参、淫羊蒮、红景天、枸杞子、杜仲并制成粉状;
S2.按以下步骤制备牡蛎肽粉:
(1)取新鲜牡蛎清洗沥干后打浆,加入2倍体积的水搅拌;
(2)加入胰蛋白酶7500U/g、风味蛋白酶450U/g,调节pH为8.0,温度为40℃~60℃,反应3h~4h,至上清液与沉淀界限清楚,离心提取上清液;
(3)将上述得到的上清液通过陶瓷膜除杂,超滤膜过滤获得分子量为300~10000Da之间的小分子牡蛎肽粉;
(4)小分子牡蛎肽粉通过纳滤膜浓缩,最后经喷雾干燥得到牡蛎肽粉;
S3.将步骤S1得到的粉状的人参、淫羊蒮、红景天、枸杞子、杜仲及步骤S2得到的牡蛎肽粉按照重量配比混合得到组合物粉末;
S4.将得到的组合物粉末与常规辅料制得胶囊或口服液或片剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的牡蛎复合功能食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中各原料制成粉状的过程如下:取干燥的杜仲、枸杞子和红景天混合,加入6倍体积的水,加热回流提取,达到微沸状态后保持2h,煎煮提取2次,第一次提取前浸泡;合并2次煎煮液,过滤,用旋转蒸发仪浓缩,温度控制在50℃~70℃,得初膏,冻干成粉状;取干燥的人参和淫羊藿混合,粉碎,过40目筛,过筛后加入体积为混合物体积6~10倍质量浓度为80%的乙醇回流提取2次,回收溶剂,将得到的膏状沉淀冻干成粉状。
4.如权利要求2所述的牡蛎复合功能食品的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中小分子牡蛎肽粉通过纳滤膜浓缩至固含量达10%,最后喷雾干燥,控制喷雾的进风温度为180℃,出风温度为80℃,得到活性牡蛎肽粉,使用前真空包装低温保存。
5.如权利要求2所述的牡蛎复合功能食品的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中胶囊的制备过程为:将步骤S3得到的组合物粉末过80目筛,用质量浓度为85%的乙醇制作成软材,16目筛制粒,并在50℃~60℃温度下干燥,14目筛整粒,装入胶囊壳,即得胶囊成品。
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