CN105165357A - Planting method for high-altitude saline-alkali soil black medlar tree - Google Patents
Planting method for high-altitude saline-alkali soil black medlar tree Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for a high-altitude saline-alkali soil black medlar tree, and belongs to the technical field of fruit planting. The method comprises the steps of 1, selecting a land and building an orchard, wherein the requirement for the orchard is met, base fertilizer is applied, soil moisture is preserved, and soil is prepared; 2, planting trees and cultivating the trees, wherein seedlings are selected, processed and planted; 3, trimming tree forms; 4, conducting water and fertilizer management; 5, filling the orchard with ridging. The black medlar tree cultivated by adopting the method grows robustly, the tree body is orderly and attractive, the rate of setting fruit is high, the acre yield is high, and the black medlar fruit quality is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, particularly relate to the cultivation method of the black matrimony vine tree in High aititude saline land.
Background technology
Black matrimony vine has another name called black fruit lyceum, is Lycium class quil shrub, and main product is in Qinghai Province Xi Zhou Caidamu Basin periphery, and this area is cold for winter, summer high-temperature, and illumination is strong, and day and night temperature is comparatively large, natural habitat more severe.Unique environment creates black matrimony vine positive, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, alkaline-resisting, the barren-resistant life characteristic of happiness and high nutritive value.Black matrimony vine berry is spherical in shape, and skin is thin, the ripe rear atropurpureus of skin, and fruit is containing abundant mauve pigment, very easily water-soluble, belongs to natural water-soluble anthocyanin flavonoids, is precious wild health products resource.According to the record of multi-section medical literature, black matrimony vine taste is sweet, property is put down, and is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, free amino acid, organic acid, mineral matter, trace element, alkaloid, vitamin C, the various nutrient component such as B1, B2; Calcium, iron, niacin content are high; especially the natural anthocyanin element with scavenging free radicals, anti-oxidation function is rich in; often take have nourishing liver and kidney; benefiting shrewd head; strengthen or adjusting immunity of human body, antifatigue, anti-ageing, cancer-resisting, dredging vascellum, hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, hypoglycemic, tonifying liver improving eyesight, nourishing blood and tranquilization, protection Cardiovascular System; prevent and treat the various diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cerebral thrombus; and have pre-anti-cancer and the effect such as to promote longevity; health value is high, has " soft gold " laudatory title.
Along with the fast development of China's economy and people's living standard improve constantly, increasing to the demand of health-related medicinal material, the area of the health-related medicinal material of peasant planting also should expand gradually, and this contradiction just causing the plantation of health-related traditional Chinese medicine and proportion of crop planting to strive ground is outstanding day by day.As everyone knows, most of crops can not at saline land normal growth, thus Planting Crops is answered in high-quality soil; Black matrimony vine then has cold-resistant, drought-enduring, alkaline-resisting, barren-resistant life characteristic, can plant in saline and alkaline plot, thus plants black matrimony vine in saline land and can bring larger economic benefit for peasant.
In recent years, the report of relevant matrimony vine plantation is more, a kind of cultivation method of wild lycium ruthenicum disclosed in patent CN103125333A, discloses the cultivation method of " comprising seed selection, sterilization, immersion, vernalization, sowing, nursery and transplanting, training and fruiting period management "; A kind of medlar cultivation method disclosed in CN104642035A, discloses and " comprises step: 1) Seeds preprocess; 2) selection of land; 3) plant; 4) final-period management; 5) apply fertilizer; 6) topdress " cultivation method; Method for planting medlar in high-altitude saline-alkali soil disclosed in CN101836571A, discloses and " comprises step: 1) field planting environmental selection; 2) wolfberry orchard planning; 3) specification of planting is determined; 4) site preparation and fertilization; 5) seedling is selected; 6) resident time; 7) field planting method; 8) wolfberry orchard covers; 9) matrimony vine treelet bar; 10) wolfberry orchard management; 11) matrimony vine prune and disease, worm, bird pest control; 12) Chinese wolfberry fruit pluck, dry storage " cultivation method.In above-mentioned several sections of reports, front two sections of reports are all planted in high-quality soil condition, 3rd section of report is in the plantation of High aititude saline land, and first section of disclosed technical scheme of report is by drip irrigation, control water control fertilizer, improves the anti-oxidation function of wild black matrimony vine seed; Improve seed to coerce at Drought and salt and wait germination rate under adverse growth environmental condition, the critical sprouting condition of lifting seed; Emerge after seed germination rapidly, significantly improve the stem length of seedling, root length and fresh weight; Second section of disclosed technical scheme of report is the disease incidence of disease being greatly reduced Chinese yam by seed soaking and soil disinfection, by fertilising and the scientific management in later stage, improve the yield and quality of Chinese yam, the fast development of Chinese yam industry can be promoted, there is significant economic benefit and wide application prospect.It is the method High aititude saline land plantation matrimony vine disclosed in 3rd section of report, it covers by adopting, it is shallow slot shape growth belt wholely, heavy dressing decomposed manure, the methods such as Controlled irrigation amount, increase soil temperature, prevent the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, thus the object achieved High aititude saline land plantation matrimony vine, although the program can realize High aititude saline land plantation matrimony vine, but it passes through overlay film, sandstone and stalk insulation, there is the problem that material cost is high, more garden soil soil property is had an impact, in addition, this report is in final-period management, as topdressed, prune too simple, can not really play good effect, this just causes the low and poor quality of black yield of medlar.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: provide a kind of implement simple, with low cost, matrimony vine tree growing way is good, the cultivation method of the black matrimony vine tree in the High aititude saline land that output is high, fruit quality is good.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The cultivation method of the black matrimony vine tree in High aititude saline land, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land builds garden
1. field requires: selection height above sea level is that plantation is set up in the area of 2400 ~ 2700m, and field requires that draining is good, and the soil is porous, and pH value is 7.5 ~ 8.5, and saline and alkaline is 0.2 ~ 0.7%, is as the criterion with saliferous desert anthropogenic-alluvial soil;
2. basal dressing: plant then 7 ~ August time, soil deep ploughing 32 ~ 35cm, mu executes well-rotted farmyard manure 2200 ~ 2900kg, superphosphate 50 ~ 70kg, stalk fermentation material 1500 ~ 2100kg makes base manure;
3. preserve soil moisture: in fertilising in time of 15 ~ 20 days before planting, watered every 12 ~ 15 days 1 time, irrigation amount is that 3cm is dark, after watering at every turn with stalk or rice straw mulching with soil moisture conservation;
4. wholely: before planting 15 ~ 20 days, the shallow ground 15 ~ 18cm that digs, does ridge, row spacing 2.1 ~ 2.4m, high 8 ~ 10cm, the malicious sandy soil that face, ridge paving 2 ~ 3cm is thick after leveling, rake are thin, then uses face, black plastic mulching ridge;
2) plant tree to cultivate
1. seedling is selected: select the high 65 ~ 72cm of being, matrimony vine epicormic branch cuttage seedling that base footpath is 0.8 ~ 1.2cm or matrimony vine cuttage seedling;
2. seedling process: the seedling root of selection is immersed in 100 × 10-6 α-naphthaleneacetic acid 2 ~ 3 hours, to immerse after taking out in running water 20 ~ 30 minutes, and then in the gibberellin liquid immersing 2 ~ 4% 1 ~ 2 hour;
3. plant: on ridge by spacing in the rows be 1.2 ~ 1.5m become dentation dig planting hole, the cylindrical hole of the planting hole degree of depth 85 ~ 100cm, diameter 60 ~ 70cm; In hole, fill out Nutrition Soil 15 ~ 20cm, make Nutrition Soil in hole become cone-shaped, cone top digs the vesicle of 3 ~ 4cm; Seedling root is put into vesicle, and radicula is put neatly to centrum face; Banket when watering slow to underground water infiltration full to hole, then compacting;
3) tree-like pruning
Second Year peak of growing season in summer after planting, the bamboo bar that selection diameter is 1.5 ~ 2cm, length is 1.5 ~ 2m or tree limb, be inserted in matrimony vine trunk limit and carry out and bar; Autumn prunes, and makes tree form nature spindle-type;
4) water and fertilizer management
After the annual beginning of spring, in the soil of matrimony vine usage tree root 20 ~ 80cm, adopt circular groove shape topdressing method, every tree imposes urea 0.1 ~ 0.3kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.05 ~ 0.1kg, superphosphate 0.02 ~ 0.05kg; In matrimony vine tree peak of growing season, convert people and animals' liquid dung fill with root with carbendazim, gibberellin, tree nutrition growth promoter, consumption is 3 ~ 5L/ tree, sprays with foliage fertilizer 800 times of liquid simultaneously; 4 ~ June, rainfall was watered, and watered in time depending on soil moisture content, and 7 ~ September, precipitation increased, and should note drainage waterlogging prevention;
5) garden is filled out in ridging
Winter soil freeze-up before, matrimony vine usage tree root training 20 ~ 30cm muck, then with waste mulching film or stalk, trunk is wrapped up, around tree root within the scope of 2m soil stalk or rice straw mulching insulation.
Further, the step of building in garden in selection of land 4. wholely in, described malicious sandy soil are mixed by 40 ~ 60 vermiculite powers, 30 ~ 50 parts of fine sands, 1 ~ 3 part of thiophanate methyl, 1 ~ 2 part of carbendazim.
Further tree, during 3. the step in kind of tree is cultivated plants, described Nutrition Soil is mixed by 100 parts, field soil, vinegar grain 3 ~ 8 parts, fertilizer 12 ~ 20 parts, root-inducing powder 0.1 ~ 0.2 part.
Further, in water and fertilizer management, carbendazim used when filling with root, gibberellin, Novel tree are nourished and grown, and to convert people and animals' liquid dung be according to carbendazim to promoter: gibberellin: tree nutrition growth promoter is that 0.01:0.02:0.01:500 ~ 800 proportioning fills with root.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) the present invention carries out soil moisture conservation management after having executed base manure, improves soil liquid manure content, improves saline land soil property, especially diluting salt basicity, for better soil condition is created in black matrimony vine plantation; After whole, ridging, cover one deck poison sandy soil in face, ridge, play the effect of pesticide and disinfectant; Finally adopt face, black plastic mulching ridge, black film has excellent insulation and suppresses the effect of weeds, sandstone compared to existing technology, stalk better effects if.Therefore, selection of land of the present invention builds garden step can provide better soil environment for black matrimony vine, has good action effect to the growth of promotion matrimony vine tree.
2) the present invention adopts 100 × 10
-6α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2 ~ 4% gibberellin process seedling, promote kind of a seedling rooting, improve seedling rate alive of planting, accelerate seedling early growth simultaneously, increase economic efficiency.
3) the present invention is when planting seedling, fills out Nutrition Soil, and arrange certain requirement of planting in hole, makes seedling obtain sufficient nutrient, also ensures that sapling is upright neat after growing up, there will not be askew tree, downtree, facilitate field to manage.
5) growth is vigorous, tree body is neat, attractive in appearance to adopt the matrimony vine of the cultivation method of High aititude saline land of the present invention black matrimony vine tree to set, and percentage of fertile fruit is high, and per mu yield is high, black Chinese wolfberry fruit quality better.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, is intended to help same domain technical staff to understand.
Embodiment 1
The cultivation method of the black matrimony vine tree in High aititude saline land, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land builds garden
1. field requires: selection height above sea level is that plantation is set up in the area of 2400 ~ 2700m, and field requires that draining is good, and the soil is porous, and pH value is 7.5 ~ 8.5, and saline and alkaline is 0.2 ~ 0.7%, is as the criterion with saliferous desert anthropogenic-alluvial soil;
2. basal dressing: plant then 7 ~ August time, soil deep ploughing 32 ~ 35cm, mu executes well-rotted farmyard manure 2200 ~ 2900kg, superphosphate 50 ~ 70kg, stalk fermentation material 1500 ~ 2100kg makes base manure;
3. preserve soil moisture: in fertilising in time of 15 ~ 20 days before planting, watered every 12 ~ 15 days 1 time, irrigation amount is that 3cm is dark, after watering at every turn with stalk or rice straw mulching with soil moisture conservation;
4. wholely: before planting 15 ~ 20 days, the shallow ground 15 ~ 18cm that digs, ridge is done after leveling, rake carefully, row spacing 2.1 ~ 2.4m, high 8 ~ 10cm, the malicious sandy soil that face, ridge paving 2 ~ 3cm is thick, then use face, black plastic mulching ridge, wherein, described malicious sandy soil are mixed by 40 ~ 60 vermiculite powers, 30 ~ 50 parts of fine sands, 1 ~ 3 part of thiophanate methyl, 1 ~ 2 part of carbendazim.
2) plant tree to cultivate
1. seedling is selected: select the high 65 ~ 72cm of being, matrimony vine epicormic branch cuttage seedling that base footpath is 0.8 ~ 1.2cm or matrimony vine cuttage seedling;
2. seedling process: the seedling root of selection is immersed in 100 × 10-6 α-naphthaleneacetic acid 2 ~ 3 hours, to immerse after taking out in running water 20 ~ 30 minutes, and then in the gibberellin liquid immersing 2 ~ 4% 1 ~ 2 hour;
3. plant: on ridge by spacing in the rows be 1.2 ~ 1.5m become dentation dig planting hole, the cylindrical hole of the planting hole degree of depth 85 ~ 100cm, diameter 60 ~ 70cm; In hole, fill out Nutrition Soil 15 ~ 20cm, make Nutrition Soil in hole become cone-shaped, cone top digs the vesicle of 3 ~ 4cm, and wherein, described Nutrition Soil is mixed by 100 parts, field soil, vinegar grain 3 ~ 8 parts, fertilizer 12 ~ 20 parts, root-inducing powder 0.1 ~ 0.2 part; Seedling root is put into vesicle, and radicula is put neatly to centrum face; Banket when watering slow to underground water infiltration full to hole, then compacting;
3) tree-like pruning
Second Year peak of growing season in summer after planting, the bamboo bar that selection diameter is 1.5 ~ 2cm, length is 1.5 ~ 2m or tree limb, be inserted in matrimony vine trunk limit and carry out and bar; Autumn prunes, and makes tree form nature spindle-type;
4) water and fertilizer management
After the annual beginning of spring, in the soil of matrimony vine usage tree root 20 ~ 80cm, adopt circular groove shape topdressing method, every tree imposes urea 0.1 ~ 0.3kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.05 ~ 0.1kg, superphosphate 0.02 ~ 0.05kg; In matrimony vine tree peak of growing season, convert people and animals' liquid dung fill with root with carbendazim, gibberellin, Novel tree promoter of nourishing and growing, consumption is 3 ~ 5L/ tree, sprays with foliage fertilizer 800 times of liquid simultaneously; 4 ~ June, rainfall was watered, water in time depending on soil moisture content, 7 ~ September, precipitation increased, drainage waterlogging prevention should be noted, wherein, people and animals' liquid dung converted by carbendazim used, gibberellin, tree nutrition growth promoter is according to carbendazim: gibberellin: tree nutrition growth promoter is that 0.01:0.02:0.01:500 ~ 800 proportioning fills with root;
5) garden is filled out in ridging
Winter soil freeze-up before, matrimony vine usage tree root training 20 ~ 30cm muck, then with waste mulching film or stalk, trunk is wrapped up, around tree root within the scope of 2m soil stalk or rice straw mulching insulation.
Adopt the inventive method to cultivate black matrimony vine and set 1500 strains, survive 1432 strains, survival rate 95.5%.And survive sapling to grow fine, base portion is healthy, sturdy, branch is full to be enriched.
Claims (4)
1. the cultivation method of the black matrimony vine tree in High aititude saline land, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) selection of land builds garden
1. field requires: selection height above sea level is that plantation is set up in the area of 2400 ~ 2700m, and field requires that draining is good, and the soil is porous, and pH value is 7.5 ~ 8.5, and saline and alkaline is 0.2 ~ 0.7%, is as the criterion with saliferous desert anthropogenic-alluvial soil;
2. basal dressing: plant then 7 ~ August time, soil deep ploughing 32 ~ 35cm, mu executes well-rotted farmyard manure 2200 ~ 2900kg, superphosphate 50 ~ 70kg, stalk fermentation material 1500 ~ 2100kg makes base manure;
3. preserve soil moisture: in fertilising in time of 15 ~ 20 days before planting, watered every 12 ~ 15 days 1 time, irrigation amount is that 3cm is dark, after watering at every turn with stalk or rice straw mulching with soil moisture conservation;
4. wholely: before planting 15 ~ 20 days, the shallow ground 15 ~ 18cm that digs, does ridge, row spacing 2.1 ~ 2.4m, high 8 ~ 10cm, the malicious sandy soil that face, ridge paving 2 ~ 3cm is thick after leveling, rake are thin, then uses face, black plastic mulching ridge;
2) plant tree to cultivate
1. seedling is selected: select the high 65 ~ 72cm of being, matrimony vine epicormic branch cuttage seedling that base footpath is 0.8 ~ 1.2cm or matrimony vine cuttage seedling;
2. seedling process: the seedling root of selection is immersed in 100 × 10
-6α-naphthaleneacetic acid 2 ~ 3 hours, to immerse after taking out in running water 20 ~ 30 minutes, and then in the gibberellin liquid immersing 2 ~ 4% 1 ~ 2 hour;
3. plant: on ridge by spacing in the rows be 1.2 ~ 1.5m become dentation dig planting hole, the cylindrical hole of the planting hole degree of depth 85 ~ 100cm, diameter 60 ~ 70cm; In hole, fill out Nutrition Soil 15 ~ 20cm, make Nutrition Soil in hole become cone-shaped, cone top digs the vesicle of 3 ~ 4cm; Seedling root is put into vesicle, and radicula is put neatly to centrum face; Banket when watering slow to underground water infiltration full to hole, then compacting;
3) tree-like pruning
Second Year peak of growing season in summer after planting, the bamboo bar that selection diameter is 1.5 ~ 2cm, length is 1.5 ~ 2m or tree limb, be inserted in matrimony vine trunk limit and carry out and bar; Autumn prunes, and makes tree form nature spindle-type;
4) water and fertilizer management
After the annual beginning of spring, in the soil of matrimony vine usage tree root 20 ~ 80cm, adopt circular groove shape topdressing method, every tree imposes urea 0.1 ~ 0.3kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.05 ~ 0.1kg, superphosphate 0.02 ~ 0.05kg; In matrimony vine tree peak of growing season, convert people and animals' liquid dung fill with root with carbendazim, gibberellin, tree nutrition growth promoter, consumption is 3 ~ 5L/ tree, sprays with foliage fertilizer 800 times of liquid simultaneously; 4 ~ June, rainfall was watered, and watered in time depending on soil moisture content, and 7 ~ September, precipitation increased, and should note drainage waterlogging prevention;
5) garden is filled out in ridging
Winter soil freeze-up before, matrimony vine usage tree root training 20 ~ 30cm muck, then with waste mulching film or stalk, trunk is wrapped up, around tree root within the scope of 2m soil stalk or rice straw mulching insulation.
2. the cultivation method of the black matrimony vine tree in High aititude saline land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the step of building in garden in selection of land 4. wholely in, described malicious sandy soil are mixed by 40 ~ 60 vermiculite powers, 30 ~ 50 parts of fine sands, 1 ~ 3 part of thiophanate methyl, 1 ~ 2 part of carbendazim.
3. the cultivation method of the black matrimony vine tree in High aititude saline land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: during 3. the step in kind of tree is cultivated plants, described Nutrition Soil is mixed by 100 parts, field soil, vinegar grain 3 ~ 8 parts, fertilizer 12 ~ 20 parts, root-inducing powder 0.1 ~ 0.2 part.
4. the cultivation method of the black matrimony vine tree in High aititude saline land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in water and fertilizer management, people and animals' liquid dung converted by carbendazim used when filling with root, gibberellin, tree nutrition growth promoter is according to carbendazim: gibberellin: Novel tree promoter of nourishing and growing is that 0.01:0.02:0.01:500 ~ 800 proportioning fills with root.
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| CN105432316A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-03-30 | 岭南新科生态科技研究院（北京）有限公司 | Lycium barbarum cottage planting method used in desertification region |
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| CN107155791A (en) * | 2017-07-01 | 2017-09-15 | 江苏中洋集团股份有限公司 | A kind of greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing |
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