CN105547849A - True triaxial loading and unloading test device for large-size bedded pressure-bearing rock and testing method - Google Patents
True triaxial loading and unloading test device for large-size bedded pressure-bearing rock and testing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a true triaxial loading and unloading test device for large-size bedded pressure-bearing rock and a testing method. The device comprises a confining pressure loading module, a sample storage and water outlet module, a confined water loading module, a load loading module and a signal collecting and processing system, wherein the confining pressure loading module comprises two horizontal loading and unloading systems which are independent and perpendicular to each other and is used for performing horizontal load loading and unloading on the wrapped sample storage and water outlet module; the confined water loading module is located at the bottom of the sample storage and water outlet module and is used for performing confined water loading and unloading on the bottom of the bedded rock; the load loading module is located at the top of the sample storage and water outlet module and is used for performing vertical load loading and unloading on the top of the bedded rock; the signal collecting and processing system is used for collecting and analyzing signals in a test process. The test device realizes the true triaxial test of the bedded rock through four independent loading and unloading systems, truly simulates three-way anisobaric stress state of the coal-series bedded pressure-bearing rock and is more true and more reliable than a conventional triaxial test.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to stratiform pressure-bearing rock mechanics and permeability characteristic test field, particularly a kind of large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial adds unloading test device and method of testing.
Background technology
Rich coal resources in China, but complicated hydrogeological conditions, make geologic hazard in coal mining happen occasionally.Wherein, the safety in production in colliery in Water Inrush serious threat in seam mining process, particularly along with the increase of mining depth, mining rate, the hydraulic pressure that getting working face base plate bears, press increasing, geological tectonic environment becomes increasingly complex, and makes Water Inrush problem more general and gives prominence to.Water Inrush, while causing economic loss and casualties, also causes serious damage and pollution to mining area (underground) water resources and environment.Therefore, strengthen Groundwater Resource Management, Appropriate application mine (underground) water resource, effectively the generation of containment base plate water damage, become numerous mine institute jointly faced by hot issue and technical barrier.
On pressure-bearing water body, mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer not only has the low advantage of production cost, and the pollution that can effectively reduce mine water resource and environment and destruction, meets the theory of science exploitation.But difficulty is comparatively large technically for it, can safe mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer, key depends on the water-resisting ability of seat earth water-resisting layer.Due to architectonic effect, there is all identical, the not crisscross no-continuous discontinuity of a large amount of yardstick, direction and character (as joint, crack, tomography and other Weak face) in water-resisting floor inside.Larger disturbance and impact can be produced on the stress state in water-resisting layer in working face extraction process, under mining-induced stress, piestic water seepage force and terrestrial stress coupling, in water-resisting floor no-continuous discontinuity can further expand, through until yield failure, the perviousness of water-resisting floor is obviously changed, and then formation water inrush channel, bring out floor undulation gushing water.Therefore, understand the distortion of bearing bottom plate water-resisting layer, destroy and the correlationship of permeable sandstone, just must carry out the experimental study of pressure-bearing rock mechanics, failure mechanism and permeable sandstone rule aspect thereof, this will contribute to disclosing Water Inrush mechanism, for water-bursting predicting and control provide important theoretical foundation and construction value.
Large quantity research shows, the Penetration Signature of water-resisting floor and rock crack germinate, expand, through process is closely related.At present, in the theory of rock mechanics and rock fracture expansion, through, failure mechanism and rock seepage liquefaction characteristic, numerical value and experimental study, all achieve abundant achievement in research, involved rock mainly contains sandstone, mud stone, coal petrography, rock salt, marble, grouan etc.But due to the restriction by experimental facilities and test rock sample size, the key rock sample of the single lithology of many employings in the experimental study reflecting rock failure mechanism of rock process and permeable sandstone correlationship.And coal measure strata belongs to sedimentary type formations, have typical layer structure feature, the physico-mechanical properties difference of each layer rock stratum of composition seat earth is comparatively large, and its failure mechanism is very complicated.Patent " pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device and method (201510350657.5) ", by ess-strain signal in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, the Acquire and process of acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal, obtain the stress-strain relation in large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, the rock change in apparent resistivity rule rising and cause is led in position and piestic water infiltration, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in lower rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof, realizing that piestic water has important construction value in safe mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer.But this test unit is a kind of normal triaxial pressure-bearing rock test charger, its confined pressure is annular hydraulic load mode, stress state around cylindrical rock sample is completely the same, it is a kind of desirable symmetric State, can not reflect that on piestic water, seat earth rock stratum is in the anisobaric stress of three-dimensional truly, the true triaxial stress state of pressure-bearing rock cannot be simulated, can not study intermediate principal stress, bedded rock anisotropy to the affecting laws of its Penetration Signature.Therefore, the research work of true triaxial condition Layered pressure-bearing failure mechanism of rock and Penetration Signature related fields is carried out in a deep going way in the urgent need to building brand-new test unit and method of testing, illustrate the relation of three-dimensional anisobaric condition Layered rock water-couple of force fastening deformation destructive process and permeable sandstone rule, for prediction and prevention coal seam bottom water bursting provides important theory and experimental basis, realize the safe mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer in coal seam on piestic water.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, a kind of large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial is the object of the present invention is to provide to add unloading test device and method of testing.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial adds unloading test device, it is by confined pressure load-on module, sample is deposited and water outlet module, piestic water load-on module, load load-on module and signal acquiring and processing system composition, confined pressure load-on module is separate by two covers, orthogonal level adds uninstalling system and forms, it can be deposited wrapped up sample in two mutually orthogonal directions and water outlet module carries out the loading and unloading of load in horizontal direction, piestic water load-on module is positioned at sample and deposits and bottom water outlet module, to the loading and unloading carrying out piestic water bottom bedded rock, load load-on module is positioned at sample and deposits and water outlet module top, bedded rock top is carried out to the loading and unloading of load in vertical direction, signal acquiring and processing system carries out the gather and analysis of signal in whole experimentation,
Wherein, confined pressure load-on module is by circular confined pressure cylinder, square rubber cylinder, circular end cap, circular end cap sealing ring, socket head cap screw, square lower sealing ring, square limited location snap ring, limited location snap ring screw, square upper sealing ring, quad seal location pressure metal plate, pressure metal plate gib screw, hydraulic control system, first hydraulic oil pipe, first hydraulic valve, first stable-pressure device, first T-valve, first left hydraulic jack, first left piston bar, first left bulb, first left cushion block, first left pressing plate, first left dislocation sensor, first left load transducer, first right hydraulic jack, first right piston rod, first right bulb, first right cushion block, first right pressing plate, first right displacement transducer, first right load transducer, second hydraulic oil pipe, second hydraulic valve, second stable-pressure device, second T-valve, hydraulic jack before second, second secondary piston bar, bulb before second, second front pods, second front pressuring plate, displacement transducer before second, load transducer before second, hydraulic jack after second, second back piston bar, bulb after second, cushion block after second, second rear fender, displacement transducer after second, second after load sensor, first row air valve forms, described square rubber cylinder and described circular confined pressure cylinder form square internally and round externally confined pressure chamber, utilize square lower sealing ring, square limited location snap ring, limited location snap ring screw, square upper sealing ring, quad seal to locate pressure metal plate, pressure metal plate gib screw carries out encapsulation process to square internally and round externally confined pressure chamber, described circular end cap and circular confined pressure cylinder match, and utilize circular end cap, circular end cap sealing ring, socket head cap screw to seal circular confined pressure cylinder, described first left hydraulic jack and the first right hydraulic jack are arranged symmetrically with about circular confined pressure cylinder, form first set level and add uninstalling system, described first left piston bar one end is built in described first left hydraulic jack, first right piston rod one end is built in described first right hydraulic jack, the other end of described first left piston bar and the first right piston rod is all through described circular confined pressure cylinder sidewall, in confined pressure chamber, the first left piston bar is connected with described first left pressing plate by described first left bulb, the first left cushion block, and the first right piston rod is connected with described first right pressing plate by described first right bulb, the first right cushion block, described first left dislocation sensor and the first right displacement transducer are arranged on the first left hydraulic jack and the first right hydraulic jack, described first left load transducer and the first right load transducer are arranged on the first left piston bar and the first right piston rod, gather displacement and load that first set level adds uninstalling system, before described second, after hydraulic jack and second, hydraulic jack is arranged symmetrically with about circular confined pressure cylinder, form the second cover level and add uninstalling system, and the second cover level adds uninstalling system and first set level, and to add uninstalling system mutually vertical in same plane, symmetrical about circular confined pressure cylinder, before described second secondary piston bar one end is built in described second in hydraulic jack, second back piston bar one end be built in described second after in hydraulic jack, the other end of described second secondary piston bar and the second back piston bar is all through described circular confined pressure cylinder sidewall, in confined pressure chamber, the second secondary piston bar is connected with described second front pressuring plate by bulb, the second front pods before described second, and the second back piston bar is connected with described second rear fender by cushion block after bulb, second after described second, before before described second, after displacement transducer and second, displacement transducer is arranged in second, hydraulic jack is with on second afterwards hydraulic jack, before described second, load transducer and the second after load sensor are arranged on the second secondary piston bar and the second back piston bar, gather displacement and load that the second cover level adds uninstalling system, described first hydraulic oil pipe one end is successively by after the first hydraulic valve, the first stable-pressure device, the first T-valve, be connected with the first right hydraulic jack with described first left hydraulic jack respectively, the other end is connected with described hydraulic control system, controls first set level and adds uninstalling system, described second hydraulic oil pipe one end is successively by after the second hydraulic valve, the second stable-pressure device, the second T-valve, be connected with hydraulic jack after second with hydraulic jack before described second respectively, the other end is connected with described hydraulic control system, and the second cover level that controls adds uninstalling system, described hydraulic control system is stretched into by the first left piston bar described in described first hydraulic oil pipe synchro control and the first right piston rod and is stretched out, and realizes horizontal addload and unloading that first set level adds uninstalling system square shaped rubber tube inner lamination pressure-bearing rock, described hydraulic control system is stretched into by the second secondary piston bar described in described second hydraulic oil pipe synchro control and the second back piston bar and is stretched out, the second cover level that realizes adds horizontal addload and the unloading of uninstalling system square shaped rubber tube inner lamination pressure-bearing rock, and the first set level that described hydraulic control system controls adds uninstalling system and the second cover level, and to add uninstalling system separate, can realize the loading and unloading of anisobaric side load in stratiform pressure-bearing rock two mutually perpendicular directions, described first row air valve is connected with inside, described confined pressure chamber, in confined pressure loading procedure, discharges survival gas in confined pressure chamber by first row air valve, keeps confined pressure chamber internal gas pressure balance,
Sample is deposited and water outlet module is made up of square coupons storage chamber, square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, backup rolls, square ram, square seal ring, rising pipe, flow sensor, hopper; Be placed in square coupons storage chamber by the large scale bedded rock sample processed, the bottom of square coupons storage chamber is provided with that square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed, the top of square coupons storage chamber is square ram; Described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed and is placed on the square boss shoulder in circular confined pressure cylinder bottom portion, and its size and square boss shoulder, rising height match; Described square ram and described backup rolls are an entirety, backup rolls gos deep in square coupons storage chamber through circular end cap, and push down bedded rock sample top by square ram, rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine adds unloading by backup rolls transmitted load to bedded rock sample, and the radial play between square ram and square coupons storage chamber utilizes square seal ring to carry out encapsulation process;
Piestic water load-on module is made up of square pressure-bearing water holding tank, high-pressure water pipe, High-pressure watermeter, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, water injection valve, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, water tank, the 3rd T-valve, draining pressure-release valve, second row air valve; Piestic water in described square pressure-bearing water holding tank is acted on bottom the bedded rock sample in square coupons storage chamber by square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, applies certain pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure to it; Described high-pressure water pipe one end is connected with described square pressure-bearing water holding tank inside, pipeline is disposed with High-pressure watermeter, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, water injection valve, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, water tank; Between described pressure-bearing stable-pressure device and described water injection valve, connect described draining pressure-release valve by the 3rd T-valve, and be connected with described water tank, discharge square pressure-bearing water holding tank inner high voltage water body to unload piestic water by draining pressure-release valve; Described second row air valve is connected with described square pressure-bearing water holding tank inside, in piestic water loading procedure, discharges survival gas in square pressure-bearing water holding tank by second row air valve;
Load load-on module is made up of rock hydraulic-servo-load and control system, comprises YAW type rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine, loads the PC with control and stress-strain data Acquire and process with PowerTestV3.3;
Signal acquiring and processing system is made up of strain acquirement and disposal system, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system three part, strain acquirement and disposal system comprise resistance strain gage, the first elastic rubber ring, data transmission wires, LB-IV type multi-channel digital strainmeter, PC with stress-strain data Acquire and process, resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system comprises the PC of withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer, probe resistance to compression protective cover, the second elastic rubber ring, signal transmission wire, DS5-16B type perfect information Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal instrument, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process, acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system comprises copper plate electrode, electrode resistance to compression protective cover, 3rd elastic rubber ring, copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire, WBD type electrical method of network concurrency instrument, the PC of surfer or illustrator software aided drawing, copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
Further, described test unit, except the auxiliary accessories such as hydraulic oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, O-ring seal, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness teflon insulation layer.
Further, described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed as square plate shape, is provided with the manhole that many trestle column are identical; Described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb upper surface is provided with many cruciate groove, and its manhole identical with many trestle column is interconnected, and described cruciate groove width is identical with manhole diameter.
Further, the described square ram side of being plate shape, is provided with apopore in the middle part of described square ram and backup rolls, and apopore is connected with flow sensor, hopper successively by rising pipe; Described square ram lower surface is provided with the cross and square shape water guide groove centered by apopore, and is crossly interconnected with square shape water guide groove.
Utilize a kind of large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability of said apparatus and dynamic Penetration Signature method of testing, and large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial adds unloading test device, by ess-strain signal in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, the Acquire and process of acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal, obtain the stress-strain relation in large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, the rock change in apparent resistivity rule rising and cause is led in position and piestic water infiltration, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in Layered rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof.
Further, the concrete operation step of described method is as follows:
Step one, prepared by bedded rock sample: the rock of the good different lithology of seat earth rock stratum cutting integrality above Deep Confined water-bearing zone, colliery, in laboratory, processing cuts into the length of side 100 × 100mm or 200 × 200mm, the square plate shape rock stratum (thickness is less than length of side half) of thickness 10mm or 20mm or 30mm or 40mm or 50mm, the large scale bedded rock sample required by test is combined into by two-layer or that multilayer lithology is identical or different square plate shape rock stratum, described large scale bedded rock sample between layers by smear Instant cement bondd be fixed as one overall,
Step 2, fixed resistance foil gauge: in the side arrangement of bedded rock sample, fixed resistance foil gauge, its radial and axial each one, resistance strain gage and the contact position of bedded rock sample smear that Instant cement ensures to contact good, and utilize the first elastic rubber ring fixed resistance foil gauge, slide to prevent resistance strain gage in test loading procedure, described resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, gather strain variation data, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability,
Step 3, fixed sound launch and accept are popped one's head in: at the withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer of the side arrangement of bedded rock sample, at the contact position daubing coupling agent of acoustic emission receiving transducer and bedded rock sample, ensure the good of contact, probe resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on acoustic emission receiving transducer, and utilize the second elastic rubber ring to fix resistance to compression protective cover, with the impact avoiding acoustic emission probe to be subject to bedded rock sample high confining pressure, prevent acoustic emission probe in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of acoustic emission receiving transducer can be realized; Acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability;
Step 4, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode: get out some in bedded rock sample side by hand-held drill, the aperture of one determining deviation and the degree of depth, bury underground, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode, utilize conducting resinl sealed aperture with ensure copper plate electrode and bedded rock sample coupling contact good, electrode resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on copper plate electrode, and utilize the 3rd elastic rubber ring fixed blade guard, with the rubber tube avoiding copper plate electrode to damage confined pressure chamber, prevent copper plate electrode in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of network parallel circuit copper plate electrode can be realized.Network parallel circuit copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability;
Step 5, applying stratiform rock sample confined pressure and pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure: bedded rock sample is placed in square coupons storage chamber, rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine is utilized to push down bedded rock sample top by the square ram on backup rolls, radial play between square ram and square coupons storage chamber utilizes square seal ring to seal, and circular confined pressure cylinder utilizes circular end cap to seal; Utilize the separate level of two covers in confined pressure load-on module to add uninstalling system and equal in two mutually perpendicular directions or unequal horizontal side load are applied to bedded rock sample, and utilize piestic water load-on module bottom bedded rock sample, to apply certain voltage stabilizing piestic water by square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb;
Step 6, bedded rock sample load and signals collecting: start strain acquisition system, acoustic emission signal acquisition system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring system, the pressure-loaded and the control system that start YAW type rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine carry out loading and unloading to bedded rock sample, and ess-strain in Simultaneous Monitoring, collection stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission and apparent resistivity signal;
Step 7, the aftertreatment of collection signal: utilize ess-strain disposal system, Acoustic emission signal processing system, apparent resistivity signal processing system is to the ess-strain signal of Simultaneous Monitoring and collection in loading and unloading process, acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal carry out identifying and process, obtain the ess-strain Evolution in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in Layered rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof,
Step 8, repeat above-mentioned test procedure, utilize large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial to add unloading test device and carry out different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure, the experimental study of different loads effect Layered rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature, obtain different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure, the true triaxial of different loads adds the expansion of unloading test condition Layered pressure-bearing rock fracture, through until ess-strain Evolution in Failure Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule, comparative analysis confined pressure, hydraulic pressure, load and intermediate principal stress are to the affecting laws of bedded rock Failure Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Apparatus of the present invention 1, square rubber cylinder is changed simple, and dynamic changes process is even; 2, be provided with resistance to compression protective cover, avoid acoustic emission probe to be subject to the impact of high confining pressure, and copper plate electrode damage confined pressure chamber rubber tube; 3, piestic water holding tank arranges vent valve, prevents residual gas pressure break stratiform rock sample, arranges draining pressure-release valve, can carry out the dynamic permeability characteristic test research of bedded rock sample uninstall process; 4, be provided with stable-pressure device, be conducive to the stable of bedded rock sample side direction confined pressure and bottom piestic water hydraulic pressure; 5, test unit, except the auxiliary accessories such as hydraulic oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness insulation course (teflon), rigidity test unit is avoided to disturb the Electric Field Distribution of copper plate electrode; 6, the level being provided with two covers separate adds uninstalling system, can realize the loading and unloading of anisobaric side load in stratiform pressure-bearing rock two mutually perpendicular directions, and the anisotropy of research intermediate principal stress, bedded rock is to the affecting laws of its Penetration Signature; 7, square ram lower surface is provided with the cross and square shape water guide groove centered by apopore, is beneficial to piestic water and converges in the middle part of pressure head, be easy to piestic water and discharge from apopore; 8, square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb upper surface arranges many cross-like groove be interconnected with manhole, can increase to act on piestic water area bottom bedded rock sample and hydraulic pressure is evenly distributed, and test findings is rationally more scientific; It is separate that 9, four covers add uninstalling system, and the anisobaric stress of energy real simulation coal measures stratiform pressure-bearing rock three-dimensional, the true triaxial realizing bedded rock adds unloading test.
The present invention with in high strength exploitation process in coal seam on piestic water cause water-resisting floor Mining failure and no-continuous discontinuity expansion, through, destroy while, increase the perviousness of water-resisting floor, forming water inrush channel, bringing out floor undulation gushing water for relying on engineering background.Adopt laboratory experiment to close failure mechanism to bedded rock water-couple of force and pressure-bearing Penetration Signature is studied, point bleed-characteristics of deformation and strength of force coupling action Layered rock, crack propagation through with destructive characteristics and piestic water the permeable sandstone rule in crack propagation-through-destructive process.Achievement in research provides important theoretical foundation for prediction and prevention coal seam bottom water bursting, is realizing that piestic water has important construction value in safe mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is left and right (a), front and back (b) diagrammatic cross-section that large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial adds unloading test apparatus structure
Fig. 2 is that large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial adds unloading test device two and overlaps the schematic top plan view of horizontal side to confined pressure loading structure
Fig. 3 is the schematic top plan view of square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel grate upper surface (a), lower surface (b) structure bottom large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock sample
Fig. 4 is the schematic top plan view of large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock sample top square ram upper surface (a), lower surface (b) structure
Fig. 5 is the large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock sample schematic diagram of processing preparation
Fig. 6 is that large scale pressure-bearing rock sample resistance strain gage (a), acoustic emission probe (b) and electrical method of network concurrency copper plate electrode (c) are arranged, fixing and safeguard measure schematic diagram
Fig. 7 is about large scale pressure-bearing rock sample and front and back side direction confined pressure loads, vertical load loads and loads schematic diagram with bottom piestic water
Wherein, confined pressure load-on module: 1-1, circular confined pressure cylinder, 1-2, square rubber cylinder, 1-3, square internally and round externally confined pressure chamber, 1-4, circular end cap, 1-5, circular end cap sealing ring, 1-6, socket head cap screw, 1-7, square lower sealing ring, 1-8, square limited location snap ring, 1-9, limited location snap ring screw, 1-10, square upper sealing ring, 1-11, quad seal location pressure metal plate, 1-12, pressure metal plate gib screw, 1-13, hydraulic control system, 1-14, first hydraulic oil pipe, 1-15, first hydraulic valve, 1-16, first stable-pressure device, 1-17, first T-valve, 1-18, first left hydraulic jack, 1-19, first left piston bar, 1-20, first left bulb, 1-21, first left cushion block, 1-22, first left pressing plate, 1-23, first left dislocation sensor, 1-24, first left load transducer, 1-25, first right hydraulic jack, 1-26, first right piston rod, 1-27, first right bulb, 1-28, first right cushion block, 1-29, first right pressing plate, 1-30, first right displacement transducer, 1-31, first right load transducer, 1-32, second hydraulic oil pipe, 1-33, second hydraulic valve, 1-34, second stable-pressure device, 1-35, second T-valve, 1-36, hydraulic jack before second, 1-37, second secondary piston bar, 1-38, bulb before second, 1-39, second front pods, 1-40, second front pressuring plate, 1-41, displacement transducer before second, 1-42, load transducer before second, 1-43, hydraulic jack after second, 1-44, second back piston bar, 1-45, bulb after second, 1-46, cushion block after second, 1-47, second rear fender, 1-48, displacement transducer after second, 1-49, second after load sensor, 1-50, first row air valve forms.
Sample is deposited and water outlet module: 2-1, bedded rock sample, 2-2, square coupons storage chamber, 2-3, square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel grate, 2-3a, manhole, 2-3b, cruciate groove, 2-4, square boss shoulder, 2-5, backup rolls, 2-6, square ram, 2-7, square seal ring, 2-8, water guide groove, 2-8a, cross water guide groove, 2-8b, square shape water guide groove, 2-9, apopore, 2-10, rising pipe, 2-11, flow sensor, 2-12, hopper.
Piestic water load-on module: 3-1, square pressure-bearing water holding tank, 3-2, high-pressure water pipe, 3-3, High-pressure watermeter, 3-4, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, 3-5, water injection valve, 3-6, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, 3-7, water tank, 3-8, draining pressure-release valve, 3-9, the 3rd T-valve, 3-10, second row air valve.
Load load-on module: 4-1, rock hydraulic-servo-load and control system, 4-1a, YAW type rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine, 4-1b, PC (PowerTestV3.3 loads and control program and stress-strain data Acquire and process program).
Signal acquiring and processing system: 5-1, strain acquirement and disposal system, 5-2, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system, 5-3, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system.Wherein, strain acquirement and disposal system comprise: 5-1a, resistance strain gage, 5-1b, first elastic rubber ring, 5-1c, data transmission wires, 5-1d, resistance strain gage wire converting interface, 5-1e, LB-IV type multi-channel digital strainmeter (center processor, display and prime amplifier AMP), 5-1f, PC (stress-strain data Acquire and process program); Acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system comprises: 5-2a, withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer, 5-2b, probe resistance to compression protective cover, 5-2c, the second elastic rubber ring, 5-2d, signal transmission wire, 5-2e, acoustic emission probe wire converting interface, 5-2f, DS5-16B type perfect information Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal instrument (built-in signal amplifier), 5-2g, PC (acoustic emission signal Acquire and process program); Apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system comprises: 5-3a, copper plate electrode, 5-3b, electrode resistance to compression protective cover, 5-3c, the 3rd elastic rubber ring, 5-3d, copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire, 5-3e, copper plate electrode wire converting interface, 5-3f, WBD type electrical method of network concurrency instrument (WBDPro resistivity data resolution system), 5-3g, PC (surfer or illustrator software aided drafting program).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention program is described in further detail:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial adds unloading test device, by confined pressure load-on module, sample is deposited and water outlet module, piestic water load-on module, load load-on module and signal acquiring and processing system composition, confined pressure load-on module is separate by two covers, orthogonal level adds uninstalling system and forms, it can be deposited wrapped up sample in two mutually orthogonal directions and water outlet module carries out the loading and unloading of load in horizontal direction, piestic water load-on module is positioned at sample and deposits and bottom water outlet module, to the loading and unloading carrying out piestic water bottom bedded rock, load load-on module is positioned at sample and deposits and water outlet module top, bedded rock top is carried out to the loading and unloading of load in vertical direction, signal acquiring and processing system carries out the gather and analysis of signal in whole experimentation.Described test unit, except the auxiliary accessories such as hydraulic oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, O-ring seal, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness insulation course (teflon).
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, confined pressure load-on module, by circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1, square rubber cylinder 1-2, square internally and round externally confined pressure chamber 1-3, circular end cap 1-4, circular end cap sealing ring 1-5, socket head cap screw 1-6, square lower sealing ring 1-7, square limited location snap ring 1-8, limited location snap ring screw 1-9, square upper sealing ring 1-10, quad seal location pressure metal plate 1-11, pressure metal plate gib screw 1-12, hydraulic control system 1-13, first hydraulic oil pipe 1-14, first hydraulic valve 1-15, first stable-pressure device 1-16, first T-valve 1-17, first left hydraulic jack 1-18, first left piston bar 1-19, first left bulb 1-20, first left cushion block 1-21, first left pressing plate 1-22, first left dislocation sensor 1-23, first left load transducer 1-24, first right hydraulic jack 1-25, first right piston rod 1-26, first right bulb 1-27, first right cushion block 1-28, first right pressing plate 1-29, first right displacement transducer 1-30, first right load transducer 1-31, second hydraulic oil pipe 1-32, second hydraulic valve 1-33, second stable-pressure device 1-34, second T-valve 1-35, hydraulic jack 1-36 before second, second secondary piston bar 1-37, bulb 1-38 before second, second front pods 1-39, second front pressuring plate 1-40, displacement transducer 1-41 before second, load transducer 1-42 before second, hydraulic jack 1-43 after second, second back piston bar 1-44, bulb 1-45 after second, cushion block 1-46 after second, second rear fender 1-47, displacement transducer 1-48 after second, second after load sensor 1-49, first row air valve 1-50 forms, described square rubber cylinder 1-2 is with described circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1 is coaxial and the space be positioned between circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1, square rubber cylinder 1-2 and circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1 forms square internally and round externally confined pressure chamber 1-3, described circular end cap 1-4 and circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1 matches, and utilize circular end cap 1-4, circular end cap sealing ring 1-5, socket head cap screw 1-6 seal circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1, in circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1, utilize square lower sealing ring 1-7, square limited location snap ring 1-8, limited location snap ring screw 1-9, square upper sealing ring 1-10, quad seal to locate pressure metal plate 1-11, pressure metal plate gib screw 1-12 carries out encapsulation process to square internally and round externally confined pressure chamber 1-3.Described first left hydraulic jack 1-18 and the first right hydraulic jack 1-25 is arranged symmetrically with about circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1, forms first set level and adds uninstalling system, described first left piston bar 1-19 one end is built in described first left hydraulic jack 1-18, first right piston rod 1-26 one end is built in described first right hydraulic jack 1-25, the other end of described first left piston bar 1-19 and the first right piston rod 1-26 is all through described circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1 sidewall, in the 1-3 of confined pressure chamber, the first left piston bar 1-19 is by described first left bulb 1-20, first left cushion block 1-21 is connected with described first left pressing plate 1-22, first right piston rod 1-26 is by described first right bulb 1-27, first right cushion block 1-28 is connected with described first right pressing plate 1-29, described first left dislocation sensor 1-23 and the first right displacement transducer 1-30 is arranged on the first left hydraulic jack 1-18 and the first right hydraulic jack 1-25, described first left load transducer 1-24 and the first right load transducer 1-31 is arranged on the first left piston bar 1-19 and the first right piston rod 1-26, gathers displacement and load that first set level adds uninstalling system, before described second, after hydraulic jack 1-36 and second, hydraulic jack 1-43 is arranged symmetrically with about circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1, form the second cover level and add uninstalling system, and the second cover level adds uninstalling system and first set level, and to add uninstalling system mutually vertical in same plane, symmetrical about circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1, before described second secondary piston bar 1-37 one end is built in described second in hydraulic jack 1-36, after second back piston bar 1-44 one end is built in described second in hydraulic jack 1-43, the other end of described second secondary piston bar 1-37 and the second back piston bar 1-44 is all through described circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1 sidewall, bulb 1-38 before second secondary piston bar 1-37 passes through described second in the 1-3 of confined pressure chamber, second front pods 1-39 is connected with described second front pressuring plate 1-40, second back piston bar 1-44 is by the described second rear bulb 1-45, after second, cushion block 1-46 is connected with described second rear fender 1-47, before before described second, after displacement transducer 1-41 and second, displacement transducer 1-48 is arranged in second on the rear hydraulic jack 1-43 of hydraulic jack 1-36 and second, before described second, load transducer 1-42 and the second after load sensor 1-49 is arranged on the second secondary piston bar 1-37 and the second back piston bar 1-44, gathers displacement and load that the second cover level adds uninstalling system, described first hydraulic oil pipe 1-14 one end is successively by after the first hydraulic valve 1-15, the first stable-pressure device 1-16, the first T-valve 1-17, be connected with the first right hydraulic jack 1-25 with described first left hydraulic jack 1-18 respectively, the other end is connected with described hydraulic control system 1-13, controls first set level and adds uninstalling system, described second hydraulic oil pipe 1-32 one end is successively by after the second hydraulic valve 1-33, the second stable-pressure device 1-34, the second T-valve 1-35, be connected with hydraulic jack 1-43 after second with hydraulic jack 1-36 before described second respectively, the other end is connected with described hydraulic control system 1-13, and the second cover level that controls adds uninstalling system, described hydraulic control system 1-13 is stretched into by the first left piston bar 1-19's and the first right piston rod 1-26 described in described first hydraulic oil pipe 1-14 synchro control and is stretched out, and realizes horizontal addload and unloading that first set level adds uninstalling system square shaped rubber tube inner lamination pressure-bearing rock, described hydraulic control system 1-13 is stretched into by the second secondary piston bar 1-37's and the second back piston bar 1-44 described in described second hydraulic oil pipe 1-32 synchro control and is stretched out, the second cover level that realizes adds horizontal addload and the unloading of uninstalling system square shaped rubber tube inner lamination pressure-bearing rock, and the first set level that described hydraulic control system 1-13 controls adds uninstalling system and the second cover level, and to add uninstalling system separate, can realize the loading and unloading of anisobaric side load in stratiform pressure-bearing rock two mutually perpendicular directions, described first row air valve 1-50 is communicated with from the top of circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1 sidewall with described square internally and round externally confined pressure chamber 1-3 inside, in confined pressure loading procedure, discharge survival gas in the 1-3 of confined pressure chamber by first row air valve 1-50, keep confined pressure chamber internal gas pressure balance, to improve the reliability of test.
As shown in Figure 1, sample is deposited and water outlet module, and by depositing square coupons storage chamber 2-2, the square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 of bedded rock sample 2-1, manhole 2-3a, cruciate groove 2-3b, square boss shoulder 2-4, backup rolls 2-5, square ram 2-6, square seal ring 2-7, water guide groove 2-8, cross water guide groove 2-8a, square shape water guide groove 2-8b, apopore 2-9, rising pipe 2-10, flow sensor 2-11, hopper 2-12 form.The large scale bedded rock sample 2-1 processed is placed in square coupons storage chamber 2-2, the bottom of square coupons storage chamber 2-2 is provided with square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3, the top of square coupons storage chamber 2-2 is square ram; Described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 is placed on the square boss shoulder 2-4 bottom circular confined pressure cylinder 1-1, and the rising height of its size and square boss shoulder 2-4 matches; Described square ram 2-6 and described backup rolls 2-5 is an entirety, backup rolls 2-5 gos deep in square coupons storage chamber 2-2 through circular end cap 1-4, and push down bedded rock sample top by square ram 2-6, described rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine leads to 4-1a to be crossed backup rolls 2-5 transmitted load and adds unloading to bedded rock sample 2-1, and the radial play between square ram 2-6 and square coupons storage chamber 2-2 utilizes square seal ring 2-7 to carry out encapsulation process.As shown in Figure 3, the described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 side of being plate shape, is made by high strength, high rigid metal materials processing, is provided with the manhole 2-3a that many trestle column are identical; Described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 upper surface is provided with many cruciate groove 2-3b, and itself and manhole 2-3a are interconnected, and it is identical that described cruciate groove 2-3b width and circle lead to 2-3a bore dia.Described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 upper surface arranges many cruciate groove 2-3b be interconnected with manhole, both ensured that the rigidity of square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3, intensity and described rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine 4-1a matched, make again to act on piestic water area bottom bedded rock sample 2-1 by square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 to increase and hydraulic pressure is evenly distributed, permeability test result is more realistic, rationally more scientific.As shown in Figure 4, the described square ram 2-6 side of being plate shape, is made by high strength, high rigid metal materials processing; Be provided with apopore 2-9 in the middle part of described square ram 2-6 and backup rolls 2-5, apopore 2-9 is connected with flow sensor 2-11, hopper 2-12 successively by rising pipe 2-10; Described square ram 2-6 lower surface is provided with cross water guide groove 2-8a centered by apopore 2-9 and square shape water guide groove 2-8b, and water guide groove is interconnected, described cross water guide groove 2-8a and square shape water guide groove 2-8b is energy diversion pressure bearing water in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, be conducive to bedded rock sample top piestic water to converge in the middle part of square ram, be easy to piestic water and discharge from apopore.
Piestic water load-on module, is made up of square pressure-bearing water holding tank 3-1, high-pressure water pipe 3-2, High-pressure watermeter 3-3, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device 3-4, water injection valve 3-5, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump 3-6, water tank 3-7, draining pressure-release valve 3-8, the 3rd T-valve 3-9, second row air valve 3-10.Piestic water in described square pressure-bearing water holding tank 3-1 acts on bottom the bedded rock sample in square coupons storage chamber by square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3, applies certain pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure to it.Described high-pressure water pipe 3-2 one end is connected with described square pressure-bearing water holding tank 3-1 inside, pipeline sets gradually High-pressure watermeter 3-3, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device 3-4, water injection valve 3-5, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump 3-6, water tank 3-7; Between described pressure-bearing stable-pressure device 3-4 and described water injection valve 3-5, described draining pressure-release valve 3-8 is connected by the 3rd T-valve 3-9, and be connected with described water tank 3-7, discharge square pressure-bearing water holding tank 3-1 inner high voltage water body by draining pressure-release valve 3-8 and can unload piestic water; Described second row air valve 3-10 is connected with described square pressure-bearing water holding tank 3-1 inside, in piestic water loading procedure, survival gas in square pressure-bearing water holding tank 3-1 is discharged by second row air valve 3-10, avoid the impact that in square pressure-bearing water holding tank, survival gas loads piestic water, to improve the reliability of test.
Load load-on module, is made up of rock hydraulic-servo-load and control system 4-1, YAW type rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine 4-1a, PC 4-1b (PowerTestV3.3 loads and control program and stress-strain data Acquire and process program) etc.
Signal acquiring and processing system, is made up of strain acquirement and disposal system 5-1, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system 5-2, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system 5-3 tri-part.Described strain acquirement and disposal system 5-1 comprise resistance strain gage 5-1a, the first elastic rubber ring 5-1b, data transmission wires 5-1c, resistance strain gage wire converting interface 5-1d, LB-IV type multi-channel digital strainmeter 5-1e (center processor, display and prime amplifier AMP), PC 5-1f (stress-strain data Acquire and process program); Described resistance strain gage 5-1a utilizes data transmission wires 5-1c to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface 5-1d of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system 5-1 by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.Described acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system 5-2 comprises withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer 5-2a, probe resistance to compression protective cover 5-2b, the second elastic rubber ring 5-2c, signal transmission wire 5-2d, acoustic emission probe wire converting interface 5-2e, DS5-16B type perfect information Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal instrument 5-2f (built-in signal amplifier), PC 5-2g (acoustic emission signal Acquire and process program) etc.; Described acoustic emission receiving transducer 5-2a utilizes signal transmission wire 5-2d to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface 5-2e of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system 5-2 by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.Described apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system 5-3 comprises copper plate electrode 5-3a, electrode resistance to compression protective cover 5-3b, the 3rd elastic rubber ring 5-3c, copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire 5-3d, copper plate electrode wire converting interface 5-3e, WBD type electrical method of network concurrency instrument 5-3f (WBDPro resistivity data resolution system), PC 5-3g (surfer or illustrator software aided drafting program) etc.; Described copper plate electrode 5-3a utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire 5-3d to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface 5-3e of test unit upper side, and be connected to described apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system 5-3 by corresponding wire converting interface, thus the apparent resistivity signal obtained in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.Meanwhile, in order to avoid the Electric Field Distribution of rigidity test unit interference network parallel circuit copper plate electrode, certain thickness insulation course (teflon) is all coated with in whole test unit inner and outer surface layers.
Apparatus of the present invention: 1, square rubber cylinder is changed simple, and dynamic changes process is even; 2, be provided with resistance to compression protective cover, avoid acoustic emission probe to be subject to the impact of high confining pressure, and copper plate electrode damage confined pressure chamber rubber tube; 3, piestic water holding tank arranges vent valve, prevents residual gas pressure break stratiform rock sample, arranges draining pressure-release valve, can carry out the dynamic permeability characteristic test research of bedded rock sample uninstall process; 4, be provided with stable-pressure device, be conducive to the stable of bedded rock sample side direction confined pressure and bottom piestic water hydraulic pressure; 5, test unit, except the auxiliary accessories such as hydraulic oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness insulation course (teflon), rigidity test unit is avoided to disturb the Electric Field Distribution of copper plate electrode; 6, the level being provided with two covers separate adds uninstalling system, can realize the loading and unloading of anisobaric side load in stratiform pressure-bearing rock two mutually perpendicular directions, and the anisotropy of research intermediate principal stress, bedded rock is to the affecting laws of its Penetration Signature; 7, square ram lower surface is provided with the cross and square shape water guide groove centered by apopore, is beneficial to piestic water and converges in the middle part of pressure head, be easy to piestic water and discharge from apopore; 8, square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb upper surface arranges many cross-like groove be interconnected with manhole, can increase to act on piestic water area bottom bedded rock sample and hydraulic pressure is evenly distributed, and test findings is rationally more scientific; It is separate that 9, four covers add uninstalling system, and the anisobaric stress of energy real simulation coal measures stratiform pressure-bearing rock three-dimensional, the true triaxial realizing bedded rock adds unloading test.
A kind of large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature method of testing, large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial is utilized to add unloading test device, by ess-strain signal in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, the Acquire and process of acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal, obtain the stress-strain relation in large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, the rock change in apparent resistivity rule rising and cause is led in position and piestic water infiltration, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in Layered rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof.
Method as above, its concrete operation step is:
Step 1, prepared by bedded rock sample.The rock of the good different lithology of seat earth rock stratum cutting integrality above Deep Confined water-bearing zone, colliery is (as ls, shale, mud stone, sandstone etc.), in laboratory, processing cuts into the length of side 100 × 100mm or 200 × 200mm, the square plate shape rock stratum (thickness is less than length of side half) of thickness 10mm or 20mm or 30mm or 40mm or 50mm, the large scale bedded rock sample required by test is combined into by two-layer or that multilayer lithology is identical or different square plate shape rock stratum, and large scale bedded rock sample between layers by smear Instant cement bondd be fixed as one overall, as shown in Figure 5.
Step 2, fixed resistance foil gauge.At side arrangement, the fixed resistance foil gauge of bedded rock sample, its radial and axial each one, as shown in Fig. 6 (a), resistance strain gage and the contact position of bedded rock sample smear that Instant cement ensures to contact good, and utilize the first elastic rubber ring fixed resistance foil gauge, slide to prevent resistance strain gage in test loading procedure.Resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
Step 3, fixed sound launch and accept is popped one's head in.At the withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer of the side arrangement of bedded rock sample, as shown in Fig. 6 (b), acoustic emission receiving transducer and the contact position daubing coupling agent (VC101) of bedded rock sample ensure to contact good, probe resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on acoustic emission receiving transducer, and utilize the second elastic rubber ring to fix resistance to compression protective cover, with the impact avoiding acoustic emission probe to be subject to bedded rock sample high confining pressure, prevent acoustic emission probe in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of acoustic emission receiving transducer can be realized.Acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
Step 4, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode.Some is got out in bedded rock sample side by hand-held drill, the aperture of one determining deviation and the degree of depth, bury underground, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode, as shown in Fig. 6 (c), utilize conducting resinl (DDG-A high-efficient electrical contacts conductive paste) sealed aperture with ensure copper plate electrode and bedded rock sample coupling contact good, electrode resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on copper plate electrode, and utilize the 3rd elastic rubber ring fixed blade guard, with the rubber tube avoiding copper plate electrode to damage confined pressure chamber, prevent copper plate electrode in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of network parallel circuit copper plate electrode can be realized.Network parallel circuit copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
Step 5, applies rock sample confined pressure and pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure.Bedded rock sample is placed in square coupons storage chamber, rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine is utilized to push down bedded rock sample top by the square ram on backup rolls, radial play between square ram and square coupons storage chamber utilizes square seal ring to seal, and circular confined pressure cylinder utilizes circular end cap to seal.Utilize the separate level of two covers in confined pressure load-on module to add uninstalling system and equal in two mutually perpendicular directions or unequal side load are applied to bedded rock sample, and utilize piestic water load-on module bottom bedded rock sample, to apply certain voltage stabilizing piestic water by square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, as shown in Figure 7.
Step 6, rock sample loads and signals collecting.Start strain acquisition system, acoustic emission signal acquisition system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring system, the pressure-loaded and the control system that start YAW type rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine carry out loading and unloading to bedded rock sample, and ess-strain in Simultaneous Monitoring, collection stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission and apparent resistivity signal.
Step 7, the aftertreatment of collection signal.Ess-strain disposal system, Acoustic emission signal processing system, apparent resistivity signal processing system is utilized to carry out identifying to the ess-strain signal of Simultaneous Monitoring and collection in loading and unloading process, acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal and process, obtain ess-strain Evolution, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and the change in apparent resistivity rule in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, the dynamic Penetration Signature obtaining crack propagation in water-force coupling action Layered rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and correspond.
Step 8, repeat above-mentioned test procedure, utilize large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial to add unloading test device and carry out different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure, the experimental study of different loads effect Layered rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature, obtain different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure, the true triaxial of different loads adds the expansion of unloading test condition Layered pressure-bearing rock fracture, through until ess-strain Evolution in Failure Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule, comparative analysis confined pressure, hydraulic pressure, load and intermediate principal stress are to the affecting laws of bedded rock Failure Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any change of expecting without creative work or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should limit with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (7)
1. the lower large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial of water-force coupling action adds unloading test device, it is characterized in that, it is by confined pressure load-on module, sample is deposited and water outlet module, piestic water load-on module, load load-on module and signal acquiring and processing system composition, confined pressure load-on module is separate by two covers, orthogonal level adds uninstalling system and forms, it can be deposited wrapped up sample in two mutually orthogonal directions and water outlet module carries out the loading and unloading of load in horizontal direction, piestic water load-on module is positioned at sample and deposits and bottom water outlet module, to the loading and unloading carrying out piestic water bottom bedded rock, load load-on module is positioned at sample and deposits and water outlet module top, bedded rock top is carried out to the loading and unloading of load in vertical direction, signal acquiring and processing system carries out the gather and analysis of signal in whole experimentation,
Wherein, confined pressure load-on module is by circular confined pressure cylinder, square rubber cylinder, circular end cap, circular end cap sealing ring, socket head cap screw, square lower sealing ring, square limited location snap ring, limited location snap ring screw, square upper sealing ring, quad seal location pressure metal plate, pressure metal plate gib screw, hydraulic control system, first hydraulic oil pipe, first hydraulic valve, first stable-pressure device, first T-valve, first left hydraulic jack, first left piston bar, first left bulb, first left cushion block, first left pressing plate, first left dislocation sensor, first left load transducer, first right hydraulic jack, first right piston rod, first right bulb, first right cushion block, first right pressing plate, first right displacement transducer, first right load transducer, second hydraulic oil pipe, second hydraulic valve, second stable-pressure device, second T-valve, hydraulic jack before second, second secondary piston bar, bulb before second, second front pods, second front pressuring plate, displacement transducer before second, load transducer before second, hydraulic jack after second, second back piston bar, bulb after second, cushion block after second, second rear fender, displacement transducer after second, second after load sensor, first row air valve forms, described square rubber cylinder and described circular confined pressure cylinder form square internally and round externally confined pressure chamber, utilize square lower sealing ring, square limited location snap ring, limited location snap ring screw, square upper sealing ring, quad seal to locate pressure metal plate, pressure metal plate gib screw carries out encapsulation process to square internally and round externally confined pressure chamber, described circular end cap and circular confined pressure cylinder match, and utilize circular end cap, circular end cap sealing ring, socket head cap screw to seal circular confined pressure cylinder, described first left hydraulic jack and the first right hydraulic jack are arranged symmetrically with about circular confined pressure cylinder, form first set level and add uninstalling system, described first left piston bar one end is built in described first left hydraulic jack, first right piston rod one end is built in described first right hydraulic jack, the other end of described first left piston bar and the first right piston rod is all through described circular confined pressure cylinder sidewall, in confined pressure chamber, the first left piston bar is connected with described first left pressing plate by described first left bulb, the first left cushion block, and the first right piston rod is connected with described first right pressing plate by described first right bulb, the first right cushion block, described first left dislocation sensor and the first right displacement transducer are arranged on the first left hydraulic jack and the first right hydraulic jack, described first left load transducer and the first right load transducer are arranged on the first left piston bar and the first right piston rod, gather displacement and load that first set level adds uninstalling system, before described second, after hydraulic jack and second, hydraulic jack is arranged symmetrically with about circular confined pressure cylinder, form the second cover level and add uninstalling system, and the second cover level adds uninstalling system and first set level, and to add uninstalling system mutually vertical in same plane, symmetrical about circular confined pressure cylinder, before described second secondary piston bar one end is built in described second in hydraulic jack, second back piston bar one end be built in described second after in hydraulic jack, the other end of described second secondary piston bar and the second back piston bar is all through described circular confined pressure cylinder sidewall, in confined pressure chamber, the second secondary piston bar is connected with described second front pressuring plate by bulb, the second front pods before described second, and the second back piston bar is connected with described second rear fender by cushion block after bulb, second after described second, before before described second, after displacement transducer and second, displacement transducer is arranged in second, hydraulic jack is with on second afterwards hydraulic jack, before described second, load transducer and the second after load sensor are arranged on the second secondary piston bar and the second back piston bar, gather displacement and load that the second cover level adds uninstalling system, described first hydraulic oil pipe one end is successively by after the first hydraulic valve, the first stable-pressure device, the first T-valve, be connected with the first right hydraulic jack with described first left hydraulic jack respectively, the other end is connected with described hydraulic control system, controls first set level and adds uninstalling system, described second hydraulic oil pipe one end is successively by after the second hydraulic valve, the second stable-pressure device, the second T-valve, be connected with hydraulic jack after second with hydraulic jack before described second respectively, the other end is connected with described hydraulic control system, and the second cover level that controls adds uninstalling system, described hydraulic control system is stretched into by the first left piston bar described in described first hydraulic oil pipe synchro control and the first right piston rod and is stretched out, and realizes horizontal addload and unloading that first set level adds uninstalling system square shaped rubber tube inner lamination pressure-bearing rock, described hydraulic control system is stretched into by the second secondary piston bar described in described second hydraulic oil pipe synchro control and the second back piston bar and is stretched out, the second cover level that realizes adds horizontal addload and the unloading of uninstalling system square shaped rubber tube inner lamination pressure-bearing rock, and the first set level that described hydraulic control system controls adds uninstalling system and the second cover level, and to add uninstalling system separate, can realize the loading and unloading of anisobaric side load in stratiform pressure-bearing rock two mutually perpendicular directions, described first row air valve is connected with inside, described confined pressure chamber, in confined pressure loading procedure, discharges survival gas in confined pressure chamber by first row air valve, keeps confined pressure chamber internal gas pressure balance,
Sample is deposited and water outlet module is made up of square coupons storage chamber, square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, backup rolls, square ram, square seal ring, rising pipe, flow sensor, hopper; Be placed in square coupons storage chamber by the large scale bedded rock sample processed, the bottom of square coupons storage chamber is provided with that square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed, the top of square coupons storage chamber is square ram; Described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed and is placed on the square boss shoulder in circular confined pressure cylinder bottom portion, and its size and square boss shoulder, rising height match; Described square ram and described backup rolls are an entirety, backup rolls gos deep in square coupons storage chamber through circular end cap, and push down bedded rock sample top by square ram, rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine adds unloading by backup rolls transmitted load to bedded rock sample, and the radial play between square ram and square coupons storage chamber utilizes square seal ring to carry out encapsulation process;
Piestic water load-on module is made up of square pressure-bearing water holding tank, high-pressure water pipe, High-pressure watermeter, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, water injection valve, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, water tank, the 3rd T-valve, draining pressure-release valve, second row air valve; Piestic water in described square pressure-bearing water holding tank is acted on bottom the bedded rock sample in square coupons storage chamber by square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, applies certain pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure to it; Described high-pressure water pipe one end is connected with described square pressure-bearing water holding tank inside, pipeline is disposed with High-pressure watermeter, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, water injection valve, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, water tank; Between described pressure-bearing stable-pressure device and described water injection valve, connect described draining pressure-release valve by the 3rd T-valve, and be connected with described water tank, discharge square pressure-bearing water holding tank inner high voltage water body to unload piestic water by draining pressure-release valve; Described second row air valve is connected with described square pressure-bearing water holding tank inside, in piestic water loading procedure, discharges survival gas in square pressure-bearing water holding tank by second row air valve;
Load load-on module is made up of rock hydraulic-servo-load and control system, comprises YAW type rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine, loads the PC with control and stress-strain data Acquire and process with PowerTestV3.3;
Signal acquiring and processing system is made up of strain acquirement and disposal system, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system three part, strain acquirement and disposal system comprise resistance strain gage, the first elastic rubber ring, data transmission wires, LB-IV type multi-channel digital strainmeter, PC with stress-strain data Acquire and process, resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system comprises the PC of withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer, probe resistance to compression protective cover, the second elastic rubber ring, signal transmission wire, DS5-16B type perfect information Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal instrument, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process, acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system comprises copper plate electrode, electrode resistance to compression protective cover, 3rd elastic rubber ring, copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire, WBD type electrical method of network concurrency instrument, the PC of surfer or illustrator software aided drawing, copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
2. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described test unit, and the level having two covers separate adds uninstalling system, and it can apply two orthogonal equal or unequal horizontal side loads to bedded rock; Have two covers separate vertically add uninstalling system, wherein a set of control rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine can to bedded rock applying load straight down, and another set of control piestic water can be combed to the hydraulic pressure applied bottom bedded rock straight up by square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel; Add by four covers are separate the true triaxial test that uninstalling system realizes bedded rock, can the anisobaric stress of real simulation coal measures stratiform pressure-bearing rock three-dimensional, explore intermediate principal stress, bedded rock anisotropy to the affecting laws of its Penetration Signature.
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described test unit, except hydraulic oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, O-ring seal, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness teflon insulation layer.
4. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed as square plate shape, is provided with the manhole that many trestle column are identical; Described square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb upper surface is provided with many cruciate groove, and its manhole identical with many trestle column is interconnected, and described cruciate groove width is identical with manhole diameter.
5. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described square ram side of being plate shape, is provided with apopore in the middle part of described square ram and backup rolls, and apopore is connected with flow sensor, hopper successively by rising pipe; Described square ram lower surface is provided with the cross and square shape water guide groove centered by apopore, and is crossly interconnected with square shape water guide groove.
6. utilize a kind of large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability of the arbitrary device of claim 1-5 and dynamic Penetration Signature method of testing, and large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial adds unloading test device, by ess-strain signal in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, the Acquire and process of acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal, obtain the stress-strain relation in large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, the rock change in apparent resistivity rule rising and cause is led in position and piestic water infiltration, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in Layered rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the concrete operation step of described method is as follows:
Step one, prepared by bedded rock sample: the rock of the good different lithology of seat earth rock stratum cutting integrality above Deep Confined water-bearing zone, colliery, in laboratory, processing cuts into the length of side 100 × 100mm or 200 × 200mm, the square plate shape rock stratum (thickness is less than length of side half) of thickness 10mm or 20mm or 30mm or 40mm or 50mm, the large scale bedded rock sample required by test is combined into by two-layer or that multilayer lithology is identical or different square plate shape rock stratum, described large scale bedded rock sample between layers by smear Instant cement bondd be fixed as one overall,
Step 2, fixed resistance foil gauge: in the side arrangement of bedded rock sample, fixed resistance foil gauge, its radial and axial each one, resistance strain gage and the contact position of bedded rock sample smear that Instant cement ensures to contact good, and utilize the first elastic rubber ring fixed resistance foil gauge, slide to prevent resistance strain gage in test loading procedure, described resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, gather strain variation data, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability,
Step 3, fixed sound launch and accept are popped one's head in: at the withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer of the side arrangement of bedded rock sample, at the contact position daubing coupling agent of acoustic emission receiving transducer and bedded rock sample, ensure the good of contact, probe resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on acoustic emission receiving transducer, and utilize the second elastic rubber ring to fix resistance to compression protective cover, with the impact avoiding acoustic emission probe to be subject to bedded rock sample high confining pressure, prevent acoustic emission probe in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of acoustic emission receiving transducer can be realized; Acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability;
Step 4, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode: get out some in bedded rock sample side by hand-held drill, the aperture of one determining deviation and the degree of depth, bury underground, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode, utilize conducting resinl sealed aperture with ensure copper plate electrode and bedded rock sample coupling contact good, electrode resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on copper plate electrode, and utilize the 3rd elastic rubber ring fixed blade guard, with the rubber tube avoiding copper plate electrode to damage confined pressure chamber, prevent copper plate electrode in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of network parallel circuit copper plate electrode can be realized.Network parallel circuit copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability;
Step 5, applying stratiform rock sample confined pressure and pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure: bedded rock sample is placed in square coupons storage chamber, rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine is utilized to push down bedded rock sample top by the square ram on backup rolls, radial play between square ram and square coupons storage chamber utilizes square seal ring to seal, and circular confined pressure cylinder utilizes circular end cap to seal; Utilize the separate level of two covers in confined pressure load-on module to add uninstalling system and equal in two mutually perpendicular directions or unequal horizontal side load are applied to bedded rock sample, and utilize piestic water load-on module bottom bedded rock sample, to apply certain voltage stabilizing piestic water by square pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb;
Step 6, bedded rock sample load and signals collecting: start strain acquisition system, acoustic emission signal acquisition system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring system, the pressure-loaded and the control system that start YAW type rock electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine carry out loading and unloading to bedded rock sample, and ess-strain in Simultaneous Monitoring, collection stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission and apparent resistivity signal;
Step 7, the aftertreatment of collection signal: utilize ess-strain disposal system, Acoustic emission signal processing system, apparent resistivity signal processing system is to the ess-strain signal of Simultaneous Monitoring and collection in loading and unloading process, acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal carry out identifying and process, obtain the ess-strain Evolution in stratiform pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in Layered rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof,
Step 8, repeat above-mentioned test procedure, utilize large scale stratiform pressure-bearing rock true triaxial to add unloading test device and carry out different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure, the experimental study of different loads effect Layered rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature, obtain different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure, the true triaxial of different loads adds the expansion of unloading test condition Layered pressure-bearing rock fracture, through until ess-strain Evolution in Failure Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule, comparative analysis confined pressure, hydraulic pressure, load and intermediate principal stress are to the affecting laws of bedded rock Failure Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature.
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| CN116296868B (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2024-05-24 | 深圳大学 | Deep rock in-situ environment reconstruction and three-dimensional force thermal acoustic shock flow integrated test method |
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