CN105309192A - Method for interplanting aconitum carmichaeli and gingko - Google Patents
Method for interplanting aconitum carmichaeli and gingko Download PDFInfo
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- CN105309192A CN105309192A CN201510867590.2A CN201510867590A CN105309192A CN 105309192 A CN105309192 A CN 105309192A CN 201510867590 A CN201510867590 A CN 201510867590A CN 105309192 A CN105309192 A CN 105309192A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for interplanting aconitum carmichaeli and gingko, and aims at providing the high-aconitum-carmichaeli-yield method for interplanting aconitum carmichaeli and gingko. The method includes the first step of land selection and soil preparation, the second step of seed selection and plantation, the third step of field management and the fourth step of aconitum carmichaeli harvesting and processing. By means of the method, yield of aconitum carmichaeli can be effectively improved, the pesticide application amount and the pesticide application cost can be greatly decreased through the insect prevention function of decoction dregs, limestone and gingko and the sterilization function of decoction dregs and limestone, and therefore pesticide residues in aconitum carmichaeli are reduced and quality of aconitum carmichaeli is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, especially relate to a kind of method that monkshood and ginkgo are interplanted.
Background technology
Ginkgo is light demanding tree, happiness suitably moistening and well-drained deep loam, is suitable for growth in the monsoon region, subtropics of hydrothermal condition comparative superiority.All can well-grown in acid soil (pH4.5), calcareous soil (pH8.0), and with neutral or micro-sour soil optimum, the ground of not resistance to ponding, comparatively can be drought-enduring.Because ginkgo has edibility, economic worth, Ornamental value, the ecological value and medical value etc., extensively planted in China.China is not only the native place of ginkgo, and be cultivation, utilize and research ginkgo the earliest, one of countries and regions that achievement is the abundantest.Through the ages, no matter be ginkgo area under cultivation, or Ginkgo Nut Yield, China all occupies first place in the world.
Monkshood, has another name called the rhizome of Chinese monkshood or tag, main product in Sichuan, Hubei, the ground such as Hunan.Late June excavated to early August, removed female root, fibrous root and silt, practised and claimed " mud monkshood ".Processing methods is salted aconite root, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (black in sheet), RADIX ACONITILATERALIS PREPARATA, RADIX ACONITI LATERALIS PREPARATA, gun tab.Belong to drugs for dispelling internal cold, in Chinese medicine " recuperating depleted yang first product ".Monkshood, owing to having higher medical value, is extensively planted in China.
At present, the method of ginkgo and monkshood interplanting is not yet applied, ginkgo and monkshood is how made to realize effectively interplanting, monkshood is made to have higher output, and reduce dosage and drug cost, reduce monkshood residue of pesticide, improve the income at monkshood quality and plantation family, becoming solution China can use not enough another breakthrough mouth of ploughing.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes shortcoming of the prior art, provide a kind of monkshood output high, the method that dispenser cost low and the monkshood of quality better and ginkgo are interplanted.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The method that monkshood and ginkgo are interplanted, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the mountain region that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, late October every mu ground execute the dregs of a decoction 3500 ~ 4500 kilograms that become thoroughly decomposed and make base fertilizer, do moisture in the soil face by wide 1m, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing; The wide irrigation canals and ditches for 0.3m, dark 0.1m are left between moisture in the soil face; Plant ginkgo cuttage seeding in the trench in advance, ginkgo cuttage seeding plants a line by spacing in the rows 0.3m in the trench; And calcium phosphate 50kg and composite fertilizer 20kg is sprinkled into by every mu in moisture in the soil face, calcium phosphate, the broken thin mixing of composite fertilizer are sprinkled into moisture in the soil face and stir, in order to sowing;
(2) choose seeds, plant
A, monkshood are chosen seeds: monkshood block root propagation; Block root can divide three grades by size, every 100 the block roots of one-level weigh 2 kilograms, secondary weighs 0.75 ~ 1.75 kilogram, three grades heavy 0.25 ~ 0.5 kilogram, select second-order block root to be used as monkshood kind root, every mu with second-order block root 11000 ~ 12000, it is 130 ~ 150 kilograms, every piece of root skin is with black scar, and water revolves disease and has the block root of wound and damage by disease and insect, can not plant; After kind of root digs out, be placed on the local airing in leeward cool place, thick about 6 centimetres, dry in the air 7 ~ 15 days, make that cortex moisture is slightly more dry can plant;
B, plantation: early November imbeds monkshood block root by seeding row spacing 0.2m × 0.3m, the dark 0.12m of nest in moisture in the soil face, rear earthing 7 cm thick, is advisable to cover monkshood block root;
(3) field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: shallowly before and after mid-November to hoe up weeds 1 time, keep field without weeds;
B, to fill the gaps with seedlings: fill the gaps with seedlings in time after Second Year monkshood in early spring seedling all sprouts, get strong seedling band soil and mend and plant, compacting, waters clear water in order to surviving;
C, topdress, earth up: monkshood is generally annual to topdress 3 times, in time there is 5 ~ 6 leaves in Second Year early Febuary, every mu with 6 kilograms, urea, be watered 800kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, borax 6 ~ 8 parts, 5 ~ 6 parts, magnesium sulfate, adenine phosphate ~ 6 part, 6 ~ 8 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Second time is after Second Year root relief in April, every mu with diammonium phosphate or urea 8kg, be watered 1000kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, borax 6 ~ 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part; Third time carried out in Second Year early June, with 10 kilograms, urea, converted 1000 kg water and drenched filling, then impose composite fertilizer 15kg, earth up while topdressing, thick 6 ~ 15 centimetres for every mu; Every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, borax 6 ~ 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, pluck top: carry out first time during height of seedling 30 ~ 36 centimetres and pluck top, pluck the top of two class seedlings after 7 days, pluck the top of three class seedlings after 7 days, after plucking top, internal organs blastogenesis is long fast, should remove in time;
E, root relief: root relief 1 time before grain rains early April, after the Beginning of summer: wound opens root soil gently, retain 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong new unprocessed Radix Aconiti Lateralis equably, all the other little monkshoods all cut away taking-up, note not hindering root and stem stalk;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(4) monkshood is gathered and is processed
Gather in the crops in Second Year late July; Dig out monkshood complete stool with two tooth harrows, shrug off silt, take monkshood, remove fibrous root and become mud monkshood in order to processing, female root is cut down and is dried into the rhizome of Chinese monkshood simultaneously; Band monkshood can adopt identical step to carry out the plantation again of monkshood after gathering after carrying out whole ground.
Preferably, in described step (2) during monkshood airing, lay one deck pulverized limestone at airing field, and spread one deck pulverized limestone on monkshood surface.
Preferably, the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark.
Preferably, the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.
Preferably, the seedling raising manners of the ginkgo cuttage seeding in described step (1) is as follows: select the old branch cuttage of ginkgo in 3 ~ April of spring, adopt fringe from finished product nursery or set large the high-quality branch choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year, cut the cutting being cut into 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimeter length, upper clip will be cut smoothly rounded, and lower clip is cut into horse ear shape; After shearing, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, and after rinsing well with clear water, then soak 1 hour with the ABT root-inducing powder of 100ppm, cuttage is in fine sand or loose nursery soil; Water sufficient water after cuttage, keep ground moistening, can take root after about 40 days; Carry out normal management after surviving, treat that Second Year is transplanted spring.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention effectively can improve the output of monkshood, by adopting the insect protected function of the dregs of a decoction, lime stone and ginkgo, and the sterilizing function of the dregs of a decoction and lime stone, greatly can reduce formulation rate and dispenser cost, and then reduce the residue of pesticide in monkshood, improve the quality of monkshood.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not paying the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the mountain region that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, late October every mu ground execute the dregs of a decoction 4500 kilograms that become thoroughly decomposed and make base fertilizer, do moisture in the soil face by wide 1m, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing; The wide irrigation canals and ditches for 0.3m, dark 0.1m are left between moisture in the soil face; Plant ginkgo cuttage seeding in the trench in advance, ginkgo cuttage seeding plants a line by spacing in the rows 0.3m in the trench; And calcium phosphate 50kg and composite fertilizer 20kg is sprinkled into by every mu in moisture in the soil face, calcium phosphate, the broken thin mixing of composite fertilizer are sprinkled into moisture in the soil face and stir, in order to sowing;
(2) choose seeds, plant
A, monkshood are chosen seeds: monkshood block root propagation; Block root can divide three grades by size, every 100 the block roots of one-level weigh 2 kilograms, secondary weighs 0.75 ~ 1.75 kilogram, three grades heavy 0.25 ~ 0.5 kilogram, select second-order block root to be used as monkshood kind root, every mu with second-order block root 11000 ~ 12000, it is 130 ~ 150 kilograms, every piece of root skin is with black scar, and water revolves disease and has the block root of wound and damage by disease and insect, can not plant; After kind of root digs out, be placed on the local airing in leeward cool place, thick about 6 centimetres, dry in the air 7 ~ 15 days, make that cortex moisture is slightly more dry can plant;
B, plantation: early November imbeds monkshood block root by seeding row spacing 0.2m × 0.3m, the dark 0.12m of nest in moisture in the soil face, rear earthing 7 cm thick, is advisable to cover monkshood block root;
(3) field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: shallowly before and after mid-November to hoe up weeds 1 time, keep field without weeds;
B, to fill the gaps with seedlings: fill the gaps with seedlings in time after Second Year monkshood in early spring seedling all sprouts, get strong seedling band soil and mend and plant, compacting, waters clear water in order to surviving;
C, topdress, earth up: monkshood is generally annual to topdress 3 times, in time there is 5 ~ 6 leaves in Second Year early Febuary, every mu with 6 kilograms, urea, be watered 800kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, 6 parts, magnesium sulfate, vitamin B6 part, 8 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Second time is after Second Year root relief in April, every mu with diammonium phosphate or urea 8kg, be watered 1000kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part; Third time carried out in Second Year early June, with 10 kilograms, urea, converted 1000 kg water and drenched filling, then impose composite fertilizer 15kg, earth up while topdressing, thick 6 ~ 15 centimetres for every mu; Every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 10 parts, borax 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, pluck top: carry out first time during height of seedling 30 ~ 36 centimetres and pluck top, pluck the top of two class seedlings after 7 days, pluck the top of three class seedlings after 7 days, after plucking top, internal organs blastogenesis is long fast, should remove in time;
E, root relief: root relief 1 time before grain rains early April, after the Beginning of summer: wound opens root soil gently, retain 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong new unprocessed Radix Aconiti Lateralis equably, all the other little monkshoods all cut away taking-up, note not hindering root and stem stalk;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
Southern blight: be mainly in summer high temperature rainy season, monkshood rhizome portion of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: one is select the anosis rhizome of Chinese monkshood to plant; Two is crop rotations; Three when being root reliefs, mix thoroughly for every mu with 2 kilograms, pcnb pulvis and 50 kilograms of dry fine earths, to execute around rhizome earthing again; Four is their early stages, buried diseased plant and sick soil, and drenches with 5% lime or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid the healthy and strong plant filled with near diseased plant;
Downy mildew: 3 ~ May occurs, blade of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: pull out disease seedling in time, and spray with the bordeaux mixture of 1:1:200 or 65% ambam wetting powder, 800 times of liquid;
Root rot: 4 ~ July occurs, root of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: one does not hinder rhizome when being root relief; Two is exceed to use alkaline fertilizer; Three is drench with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid to fill with;
Red aphid: late March or early April start, 5 ~ June contains, the tender stem in plant top of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 800 ~ 1500 times liquid is sprayed;
Root relief 1 time before grain rains early April, after the Beginning of summer: wound opens root soil gently, retain 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong new unprocessed Radix Aconiti Lateralis equably, all the other little monkshoods all cut away taking-up, note not hindering root and stem stalk;
(4) monkshood is gathered and is processed
Gather in the crops in Second Year late July; Dig out monkshood complete stool with two tooth harrows, shrug off silt, take monkshood, remove fibrous root and become mud monkshood in order to processing, female root is cut down and is dried into the rhizome of Chinese monkshood simultaneously; Band monkshood can adopt identical step to carry out the plantation again of monkshood after gathering after carrying out whole ground.
Wherein, in described step (2) during monkshood airing, lay one deck pulverized limestone, and spread one deck pulverized limestone on monkshood surface at airing field, pulverized limestone can effectively expelling parasite, avoids insect to gnaw monkshood; Pulverized limestone can kill germ and the worm's ovum on monkshood surface simultaneously, guarantees that monkshood body surface is disease-free.Moreover pulverized limestone can ensure that monkshood has slower dehydration process, guarantee that in airing process, monkshood dehydration uniformity is better.The dregs of a decoction in described step (1) preferably adopt the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark, and the dregs of a decoction are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.The seedling raising manners of the ginkgo cuttage seeding in described step (1) is as follows: select the old branch cuttage of ginkgo in 3 ~ April of spring, adopt fringe from finished product nursery or set large the high-quality branch choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year, cut the cutting being cut into 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimeter length, upper clip will be cut smoothly rounded, and lower clip is cut into horse ear shape; After shearing, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, and after rinsing well with clear water, then soak 1 hour with the ABT root-inducing powder of 100ppm, cuttage is in fine sand or loose nursery soil; Water sufficient water after cuttage, keep ground moistening, can take root after about 40 days; Carry out normal management after surviving, treat that Second Year is transplanted spring.
After monkshood is gathered, the fresh monkshood 950kg of average yield per mu, monkshood body surface percentage of head rice is up to more than 99.6, and dosage comparatively general planting minimizing more than 70%.
Embodiment two
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the mountain region that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, late October every mu ground execute the dregs of a decoction 3500 kilograms that become thoroughly decomposed and make base fertilizer, do moisture in the soil face by wide 1m, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing; The wide irrigation canals and ditches for 0.3m, dark 0.1m are left between moisture in the soil face; Plant ginkgo cuttage seeding in the trench in advance, ginkgo cuttage seeding plants a line by spacing in the rows 0.3m in the trench; And calcium phosphate 50kg and composite fertilizer 20kg is sprinkled into by every mu in moisture in the soil face, calcium phosphate, the broken thin mixing of composite fertilizer are sprinkled into moisture in the soil face and stir, in order to sowing;
(2) choose seeds, plant
A, monkshood are chosen seeds: monkshood block root propagation; Block root can divide three grades by size, every 100 the block roots of one-level weigh 2 kilograms, secondary weighs 0.75 ~ 1.75 kilogram, three grades heavy 0.25 ~ 0.5 kilogram, select second-order block root to be used as monkshood kind root, every mu with second-order block root 11000 ~ 12000, it is 130 ~ 150 kilograms, every piece of root skin is with black scar, and water revolves disease and has the block root of wound and damage by disease and insect, can not plant; After kind of root digs out, be placed on the local airing in leeward cool place, thick about 6 centimetres, dry in the air 7 ~ 15 days, make that cortex moisture is slightly more dry can plant;
B, plantation: early November imbeds monkshood block root by seeding row spacing 0.2m × 0.3m, the dark 0.12m of nest in moisture in the soil face, rear earthing 7 cm thick, is advisable to cover monkshood block root;
(3) field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: shallowly before and after mid-November to hoe up weeds 1 time, keep field without weeds;
B, to fill the gaps with seedlings: fill the gaps with seedlings in time after Second Year monkshood in early spring seedling all sprouts, get strong seedling band soil and mend and plant, compacting, waters clear water in order to surviving;
C, topdress, earth up: monkshood is generally annual to topdress 3 times, in time there is 5 ~ 6 leaves in Second Year early Febuary, every mu with 6 kilograms, urea, be watered 800kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 8 parts, borax 6 parts, 5 parts, magnesium sulfate, adenine phosphate part, 6 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Second time is after Second Year root relief in April, every mu with diammonium phosphate or urea 8kg, be watered 1000kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 8 parts, borax 6 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part; Third time carried out in Second Year early June, with 10 kilograms, urea, converted 1000 kg water and drenched filling, then impose composite fertilizer 15kg, earth up while topdressing, thick 6 ~ 15 centimetres for every mu; Every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 8 parts, borax 6 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, pluck top: carry out first time during height of seedling 30 ~ 36 centimetres and pluck top, pluck the top of two class seedlings after 7 days, pluck the top of three class seedlings after 7 days, after plucking top, internal organs blastogenesis is long fast, should remove in time;
E, root relief: root relief 1 time before grain rains early April, after the Beginning of summer: wound opens root soil gently, retain 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong new unprocessed Radix Aconiti Lateralis equably, all the other little monkshoods all cut away taking-up, note not hindering root and stem stalk;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
Southern blight: be mainly in summer high temperature rainy season, monkshood rhizome portion of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: one is select the anosis rhizome of Chinese monkshood to plant; Two is crop rotations; Three when being root reliefs, mix thoroughly for every mu with 2 kilograms, pcnb pulvis and 50 kilograms of dry fine earths, to execute around rhizome earthing again; Four is their early stages, buried diseased plant and sick soil, and drenches with 5% lime or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid the healthy and strong plant filled with near diseased plant;
Downy mildew: 3 ~ May occurs, blade of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: pull out disease seedling in time, and spray with the bordeaux mixture of 1:1:200 or 65% ambam wetting powder, 800 times of liquid;
Root rot: 4 ~ July occurs, root of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: one does not hinder rhizome when being root relief; Two is exceed to use alkaline fertilizer; Three is drench with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid to fill with;
Red aphid: late March or early April start, 5 ~ June contains, the tender stem in plant top of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 800 ~ 1500 times liquid is sprayed;
Root relief 1 time before grain rains early April, after the Beginning of summer: wound opens root soil gently, retain 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong new unprocessed Radix Aconiti Lateralis equably, all the other little monkshoods all cut away taking-up, note not hindering root and stem stalk;
(4) monkshood is gathered and is processed
Gather in the crops in Second Year late July; Dig out monkshood complete stool with two tooth harrows, shrug off silt, take monkshood, remove fibrous root and become mud monkshood in order to processing, female root is cut down and is dried into the rhizome of Chinese monkshood simultaneously; Band monkshood can adopt identical step to carry out the plantation again of monkshood after gathering after carrying out whole ground.
Wherein, in described step (2) during monkshood airing, lay one deck pulverized limestone, and spread one deck pulverized limestone on monkshood surface at airing field, pulverized limestone can effectively expelling parasite, avoids insect to gnaw monkshood; Pulverized limestone can kill germ and the worm's ovum on monkshood surface simultaneously, guarantees that monkshood body surface is disease-free.Moreover pulverized limestone can ensure that monkshood has slower dehydration process, guarantee that in airing process, monkshood dehydration uniformity is better.The dregs of a decoction in described step (1) preferably adopt the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark, and the dregs of a decoction are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.The seedling raising manners of the ginkgo cuttage seeding in described step (1) is as follows: select the old branch cuttage of ginkgo in 3 ~ April of spring, adopt fringe from finished product nursery or set large the high-quality branch choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year, cut the cutting being cut into 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimeter length, upper clip will be cut smoothly rounded, and lower clip is cut into horse ear shape; After shearing, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, and after rinsing well with clear water, then soak 1 hour with the ABT root-inducing powder of 100ppm, cuttage is in fine sand or loose nursery soil; Water sufficient water after cuttage, keep ground moistening, can take root after about 40 days; Carry out normal management after surviving, treat that Second Year is transplanted spring.
After monkshood is gathered, the fresh monkshood 943kg of average yield per mu, monkshood body surface percentage of head rice is up to more than 99.6, and dosage comparatively general planting minimizing more than 70%.
Embodiment three
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the mountain region that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, late October every mu ground execute the dregs of a decoction 4000 kilograms that become thoroughly decomposed and make base fertilizer, do moisture in the soil face by wide 1m, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing; The wide irrigation canals and ditches for 0.3m, dark 0.1m are left between moisture in the soil face; Plant ginkgo cuttage seeding in the trench in advance, ginkgo cuttage seeding plants a line by spacing in the rows 0.3m in the trench; And calcium phosphate 50kg and composite fertilizer 20kg is sprinkled into by every mu in moisture in the soil face, calcium phosphate, the broken thin mixing of composite fertilizer are sprinkled into moisture in the soil face and stir, in order to sowing;
(2) choose seeds, plant
A, monkshood are chosen seeds: monkshood block root propagation; Block root can divide three grades by size, every 100 the block roots of one-level weigh 2 kilograms, secondary weighs 0.75 ~ 1.75 kilogram, three grades heavy 0.25 ~ 0.5 kilogram, select second-order block root to be used as monkshood kind root, every mu with second-order block root 11000 ~ 12000, it is 130 ~ 150 kilograms, every piece of root skin is with black scar, and water revolves disease and has the block root of wound and damage by disease and insect, can not plant; After kind of root digs out, be placed on the local airing in leeward cool place, thick about 6 centimetres, dry in the air 7 ~ 15 days, make that cortex moisture is slightly more dry can plant;
B, plantation: early November imbeds monkshood block root by seeding row spacing 0.2m × 0.3m, the dark 0.12m of nest in moisture in the soil face, rear earthing 7 cm thick, is advisable to cover monkshood block root;
(3) field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: shallowly before and after mid-November to hoe up weeds 1 time, keep field without weeds;
B, to fill the gaps with seedlings: fill the gaps with seedlings in time after Second Year monkshood in early spring seedling all sprouts, get strong seedling band soil and mend and plant, compacting, waters clear water in order to surviving;
C, topdress, earth up: monkshood is generally annual to topdress 3 times, in time there is 5 ~ 6 leaves in Second Year early Febuary, every mu with 6 kilograms, urea, be watered 800kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 9 parts, borax 7 parts, 5 parts, magnesium sulfate, vitamin B5 part, 7 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Second time is after Second Year root relief in April, every mu with diammonium phosphate or urea 8kg, be watered 1000kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 9 parts, borax 7 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part; Third time carried out in Second Year early June, with 10 kilograms, urea, converted 1000 kg water and drenched filling, then impose composite fertilizer 15kg, earth up while topdressing, thick 6 ~ 15 centimetres for every mu; Every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 9 parts, borax 7 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, pluck top: carry out first time during height of seedling 30 ~ 36 centimetres and pluck top, pluck the top of two class seedlings after 7 days, pluck the top of three class seedlings after 7 days, after plucking top, internal organs blastogenesis is long fast, should remove in time;
E, root relief: root relief 1 time before grain rains early April, after the Beginning of summer: wound opens root soil gently, retain 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong new unprocessed Radix Aconiti Lateralis equably, all the other little monkshoods all cut away taking-up, note not hindering root and stem stalk;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
Southern blight: be mainly in summer high temperature rainy season, monkshood rhizome portion of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: one is select the anosis rhizome of Chinese monkshood to plant; Two is crop rotations; Three when being root reliefs, mix thoroughly for every mu with 2 kilograms, pcnb pulvis and 50 kilograms of dry fine earths, to execute around rhizome earthing again; Four is their early stages, buried diseased plant and sick soil, and drenches with 5% lime or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid the healthy and strong plant filled with near diseased plant;
Downy mildew: 3 ~ May occurs, blade of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: pull out disease seedling in time, and spray with the bordeaux mixture of 1:1:200 or 65% ambam wetting powder, 800 times of liquid;
Root rot: 4 ~ July occurs, root of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: one does not hinder rhizome when being root relief; Two is exceed to use alkaline fertilizer; Three is drench with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid to fill with;
Red aphid: late March or early April start, 5 ~ June contains, the tender stem in plant top of causing harm;
Prevention and controls: 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 800 ~ 1500 times liquid is sprayed;
Root relief 1 time before grain rains early April, after the Beginning of summer: wound opens root soil gently, retain 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong new unprocessed Radix Aconiti Lateralis equably, all the other little monkshoods all cut away taking-up, note not hindering root and stem stalk;
(4) monkshood is gathered and is processed
Gather in the crops in Second Year late July; Dig out monkshood complete stool with two tooth harrows, shrug off silt, take monkshood, remove fibrous root and become mud monkshood in order to processing, female root is cut down and is dried into the rhizome of Chinese monkshood simultaneously; Band monkshood can adopt identical step to carry out the plantation again of monkshood after gathering after carrying out whole ground.
Wherein, in described step (2) during monkshood airing, lay one deck pulverized limestone, and spread one deck pulverized limestone on monkshood surface at airing field, pulverized limestone can effectively expelling parasite, avoids insect to gnaw monkshood; Pulverized limestone can kill germ and the worm's ovum on monkshood surface simultaneously, guarantees that monkshood body surface is disease-free.Moreover pulverized limestone can ensure that monkshood has slower dehydration process, guarantee that in airing process, monkshood dehydration uniformity is better.The dregs of a decoction in described step (1) preferably adopt the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark, and the dregs of a decoction are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.The seedling raising manners of the ginkgo cuttage seeding in described step (1) is as follows: select the old branch cuttage of ginkgo in 3 ~ April of spring, adopt fringe from finished product nursery or set large the high-quality branch choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year, cut the cutting being cut into 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimeter length, upper clip will be cut smoothly rounded, and lower clip is cut into horse ear shape; After shearing, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, and after rinsing well with clear water, then soak 1 hour with the ABT root-inducing powder of 100ppm, cuttage is in fine sand or loose nursery soil; Water sufficient water after cuttage, keep ground moistening, can take root after about 40 days; Carry out normal management after surviving, treat that Second Year is transplanted spring.
After monkshood is gathered, the fresh monkshood 944kg of average yield per mu, monkshood body surface percentage of head rice is up to more than 99.6, and dosage comparatively general planting minimizing more than 70%.
Comparative example
General planting method is adopted to plant monkshood in identical plot, monkshood average yield per mu about 810kg, and little compared with above-described embodiment of monkshood head, body surface percentage of head rice is only about 86%.
Implantation methods of the present invention can reduce the incidence of damage by disease and insect greatly, effectively reduces dosage and drug cost.After effective minimizing of dosage, the residue of pesticide of monkshood are also able to effective reduction, and quality is able to effective raising.And after reduction Pesticide use, environmental pollution also alleviates relatively.Entered experimental planting to show, the present invention is by the insect protected function of the dregs of a decoction, lime stone and ginkgo, and the sterilizing function of the dregs of a decoction and lime stone, and the whole growth cycle dosage of monkshood can reduce more than 70%, greatly reduces drug cost and dispenser cost.Chinese medicine slag simultaneously after extracting has multiple organic components and active carbon composition, after hot fermentation, for improving soil, increasing soil fertility and having obvious effect.The fiber that many Chinese medicine contains is fewer, and as the Radix Astragali, cultivated land, cassia bark etc., loosely organized, can improve loosing soil degree energetically, the growth for monkshood provides good condition.The present invention coordinates the way to manage of reasonably interplanting spacing and science, and monkshood head is grown large compared with general planting, and the comparable general planting of output (weight) of monkshood improves more than 10%.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a monkshood and ginkgo method of interplanting, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land, whole
Select the mountain region that soil layer is deep, loose, fertile, late October every mu ground execute the dregs of a decoction 3500 ~ 4500 kilograms that become thoroughly decomposed and make base fertilizer, do moisture in the soil face by wide 1m, edge, moisture in the soil face lime stone fringing; The wide irrigation canals and ditches for 0.3m, dark 0.1m are left between moisture in the soil face; Plant ginkgo cuttage seeding in the trench in advance, ginkgo cuttage seeding plants a line by spacing in the rows 0.3m in the trench; And calcium phosphate 50kg and composite fertilizer 20kg is sprinkled into by every mu in moisture in the soil face, calcium phosphate, the broken thin mixing of composite fertilizer are sprinkled into moisture in the soil face and stir, in order to sowing;
(2) choose seeds, plant
A, monkshood are chosen seeds: monkshood block root propagation; Block root can divide three grades by size, every 100 the block roots of one-level weigh 2 kilograms, secondary weighs 0.75 ~ 1.75 kilogram, three grades heavy 0.25 ~ 0.5 kilogram, select second-order block root to be used as monkshood kind root, every mu with second-order block root 11000 ~ 12000, it is 130 ~ 150 kilograms, every piece of root skin is with black scar, and water revolves disease and has the block root of wound and damage by disease and insect, can not plant; After kind of root digs out, be placed on the local airing in leeward cool place, thick about 6 centimetres, dry in the air 7 ~ 15 days, make that cortex moisture is slightly more dry can plant;
B, plantation: early November imbeds monkshood block root by seeding row spacing 0.2m × 0.3m, the dark 0.12m of nest in moisture in the soil face, rear earthing 7 cm thick, is advisable to cover monkshood block root;
(3) field management
A, intertill and clean tillage: shallowly before and after mid-November to hoe up weeds 1 time, keep field without weeds;
B, to fill the gaps with seedlings: fill the gaps with seedlings in time after Second Year monkshood in early spring seedling all sprouts, get strong seedling band soil and mend and plant, compacting, waters clear water in order to surviving;
C, topdress, earth up: monkshood is generally annual to topdress 3 times, in time there is 5 ~ 6 leaves in Second Year early Febuary, every mu with 6 kilograms, urea, be watered 800kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 40 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, borax 6 ~ 8 parts, 5 ~ 6 parts, magnesium sulfate, adenine phosphate ~ 6 part, 6 ~ 8 parts, potash, humus 8 parts, methene succinic acid 16 parts, 80 parts, water; Second time is after Second Year root relief in April, every mu with diammonium phosphate or urea 8kg, be watered 1000kg and dig ditch in the ranks along furrow irrigation 1 time, and every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 70 kilograms, this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, borax 6 ~ 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part; Third time carried out in Second Year early June, with 10 kilograms, urea, converted 1000 kg water and drenched filling, then impose composite fertilizer 15kg, earth up while topdressing, thick 6 ~ 15 centimetres for every mu; Every mu is sprayed foliage fertilizer 80 kilograms simultaneously, and this foliage fertilizer comprises following composition by weight: sodium pyrophosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, borax 6 ~ 8 parts, boric acid 20 parts, 32 parts, potash, epsilon-polylysine 12 parts, humus 8 parts, trace element 6 parts, 0.6 part, hexanoic acid diethylaminoethanol fat, 60 parts, water; Wherein, contain by weight in trace element: 2 parts, zinc, copper 0.6 part, iron 0.5 part, 0.4 part, manganese, arsenic 0.6 part, cobalt 0.2 part, molybdenum 0.1 part;
D, pluck top: carry out first time during height of seedling 30 ~ 36 centimetres and pluck top, pluck the top of two class seedlings after 7 days, pluck the top of three class seedlings after 7 days, after plucking top, internal organs blastogenesis is long fast, should remove in time;
E, root relief: root relief 1 time before grain rains early April, after the Beginning of summer: wound opens root soil gently, retain 2 ~ 3 healthy and strong new unprocessed Radix Aconiti Lateralis equably, all the other little monkshoods all cut away taking-up, note not hindering root and stem stalk;
F, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(4) monkshood is gathered and is processed
Gather in the crops in Second Year late July; Dig out monkshood complete stool with two tooth harrows, shrug off silt, take monkshood, remove fibrous root and become mud monkshood in order to processing, female root is cut down and is dried into the rhizome of Chinese monkshood simultaneously; Band monkshood can adopt identical step to carry out the plantation again of monkshood after gathering after carrying out whole ground.
2. monkshood and the ginkgo method of interplanting according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2) during monkshood airing, lay one deck pulverized limestone, and spread one deck pulverized limestone on monkshood surface at airing field.
3. the method that monkshood and ginkgo are interplanted according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are the Radix Astragali, cultivated land or cassia bark.
4. monkshood and the ginkgo method of interplanting according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the dregs of a decoction in described step (1) are from the residue after pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's pharmacy.
5. monkshood and the ginkgo method of interplanting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the seedling raising manners of the ginkgo cuttage seeding in described step (1) is as follows: select the old branch cuttage of ginkgo in 3 ~ April of spring, adopt fringe from finished product nursery or set large the high-quality branch choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year, cut the cutting being cut into 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimeter length, upper clip will be cut smoothly rounded, and lower clip is cut into horse ear shape; After shearing, every 50 are bundled into a bundle, and after rinsing well with clear water, then soak 1 hour with the ABT root-inducing powder of 100ppm, cuttage is in fine sand or loose nursery soil; Water sufficient water after cuttage, keep ground moistening, can take root after about 40 days; Carry out normal management after surviving, treat that Second Year is transplanted spring.
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Application publication date: 20160210 |