CN105281533B - 线性致动器 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B6/00—Tactile signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
- H02K33/02—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
- H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
- H02K41/035—DC motors; Unipolar motors
- H02K41/0352—Unipolar motors
- H02K41/0354—Lorentz force motors, e.g. voice coil motors
- H02K41/0356—Lorentz force motors, e.g. voice coil motors moving along a straight path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04M19/04—Current supply arrangements for telephone systems providing ringing current or supervisory tones, e.g. dialling tone or busy tone the ringing-current being generated at the substations
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Abstract
本公开涉及线性致动器。这里描述的实施例可采取在操作过程中产生触觉输出的电磁致动器的形式。一般地,电磁线圈被缠绕在中心磁体阵列周围。轴穿过中心磁体阵列,使得在施加适当的力时中心阵列可沿轴移动。当电流穿过电磁线圈时,线圈产生磁场。线圈相对于致动器的外壳静止,而中心磁体阵列可沿外壳内的轴移动。因此,线圈的激励在中心磁体阵列上施加力,该中心磁体阵列响应该力而移动。通过线圈的电流的方向确定磁场的方向并且由此确定中心磁体阵列的移动。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是在2014年6月3日提交的发明名称为“Linear Actuator”的美国临时专利申请No.62/007301和在2014年9月2日提交的发明名称为“Linear Actuator”的美国临时专利申请No.62/044881的非临时专利申请并且要求它们的优先权,它们中每一个的全部内容通过引用包括于此。
技术领域
在这里描述的实施例一般涉及用于产生触觉力的致动器,更特别地,涉及响应电磁原动力(electromagnetic motive force)而双向移动的共振线性致动器。
背景技术
许多当代的便携式电子设备包含用于提供警告和通知的致动器。作为一个常见的例子,许多移动电话包含具有偏心配重(eccentric weight)的旋转振动电动机,该偏心配重为了产生振动而迅速旋转。当电话例如静音时,该振动会警告用户到来的电话呼叫。振动取代标准音频警告并且可被正在触摸电话的用户感觉到。但是,振动在某些环境中仍然是有噪音的,并且,这可能是不希望的。
此外,许多旋转质量致动器不仅产生可听到的蜂鸣声,而且具有不良的感觉。由于旋转质量致动器旋转到操作状态并然后停到停止状态(rest state),因此,它们持续地抖动电子设备的外壳。这使用户感觉“嗡嗡响”,并且,除了控制输出的振幅或者在输出之间以长到不可接受的时间来提供离散的输出以外,在这种装置的触觉输出上,即使有控制,这种控制也很少。
在一些电子设备中,使用某些线性致动器以替代旋转质量致动器。线性致动器可传输更清爽的触觉输出并且在某些情况下是更加安静的。但是,许多这种线性致动器相对较大,并且,一些只能沿单一方向移动质量。
因此,改进的线性致动器会是有用的。
发明内容
这里描述的实施例可采取能够双向移动的线性致动器的形式。实施例可提供源自致动器内的质量的相对较小的运动的实质触觉输出。
一个实施例可采取线性致动器的形式,该线性致动器包括:质量组件;穿过质量组件的轴;和电磁结构,该电磁结构操作为在质量组件上施加原动力,由此,质量组件可响应原动力而沿轴移动,其中,当质量组件处于停止状态时,电磁结构包围质量组件的至少一部分。
在某些示例性实施例中,质量组件包含:磁体阵列,和附着于磁体阵列上的框架;当质量组件处于停止状态时,电磁结构包围磁体阵列,并且,框架围绕电磁结构的至少一部分延伸。此外,实施例可使用缠绕线圈作为电磁结构,并且定位线圈,使得它不邻接框架也不邻接质量组件。
另一实施例可采取线性致动器的形式,该线性致动器包括:由接纳磁体阵列的框架形成的移动质量;穿过框架和围绕磁体阵列的至少一部分的线圈;贯穿框架、磁体阵列和线圈的轴,轴与框架、磁体阵列和线圈中的每一个分开;在轴的第一端部上位于轴的周围的第一弹簧;在轴的第二端部上位于轴的周围的第二弹簧;和包围移动质量、线圈、轴和第一和第二弹簧的壳体,其中,轴、第一弹簧和第二弹簧均附着于壳体上。
当阅读整个说明书时,这些和其它实施例以及它们的操作和使用将十分明显。
附图说明
图1示出可加入这里描述的线性致动器的示例性电子设备。
图2示出根据这里描述的实施例的示例性线性致动器。
图3示出外壳的一部分被去除的图2的示例性线性致动器。
图4示出沿图3的线4-4切取的图2的示例性线性致动器的断面图,为了清楚起见,挠性件被去除。
图5示出沿图3的线5-5切取的图2的示例性线性致动器的断面图
图6示出沿图2的线6-6切取的图2的示例性线性致动器的断面图。
具体实施方式
这里描述的实施例可采取在操作过程中产生触觉输出的电磁致动器的形式。一般地,电磁线圈被缠绕在中心磁体阵列周围。轴穿过中心磁体阵列,使得当施加适当的力时中心阵列可沿轴移动。
当电流穿过电磁线圈时,线圈产生磁场。线圈相对于致动器的外壳静止,而中心磁体阵列和相关的框架可沿外壳内的轴移动。(框架和阵列一起形成质量组件)。因此,线圈的激励在中心磁体阵列上施加力,该中心磁体阵列响应该力移动。通过线圈的电流的方向确定磁场的方向并且由此确定中心磁体阵列的运动。但是,应当理解,替代性实施例可通过其它的手段,诸如纯粹通过由这里的其它地方描述的注射器磁体的操作将通量注入到线圈中,来产生原动力。
一般地,中心磁体阵列可响应由线圈产生的磁场沿轴滑动。中心磁体阵列可位于诸如框架的配重(weight)内、与其耦合或者以其它方式与其关联,该配重也随阵列移动。框架向中心磁体阵列添加质量并因此会响应运动而提供比单独的阵列大的触觉输出。
诸如宝石轴承的一个或多个轴承可形成中心磁体阵列与轴之间的界面。轴承可被整形为减少轴承内部与轴之间的接触,由此通过中心磁体阵列减少摩擦并且允许更大和/或更高速的沿轴的移动。并且,穿过轴承的孔的形状减少限制轴承和/或轴的可能性,由此避免由于致动器的各部分的不对准导致的接合和/或摩擦。
轴可在两端被附着于致动器的外壳上。诸如蜂窝(或双蜂窝)弹簧的单独的弹簧可包围轴的各端并且邻接壳体的内部和框架。弹簧可借助到停止状态的各冲程允许线圈和阵列(例如,质量组件)增加阵列运动的幅度,并且,还可防止框架击碰到或撞到外壳内。并且,弹簧可使质量组件返回到其停止位置或者外壳的中心附近。在一些实施例中,弹簧可与线圈的磁场协作以使中心磁体阵列/质量组件返回到其停止位置。
框架的运动以及运动方向的变化作为力被传送到致动器的外壳。因此,当框架移动和/或改变方向时,外壳经受导致其移动的力。该运动可被握持或以其它方式与致动器接触的人感觉或者以其它方式被感测;移动可由此提供由用户/配戴者感测的触觉输出。一般地,中心磁体阵列和框架的动量越大,则在短时间内施加到外壳上的力越大且触觉输出的大小越大。
某些实施例可使用位于框架的相对侧或面部上的一组注射器磁体。注射器磁体可邻近或者以其它的方式接近稳定化轨道,该稳定化轨道也可以是磁性的(或者,在一些实施例中,可以是铁氧体)。注射器磁体与稳定化轨道之间的磁吸收可防止框架在其沿轴的横向运动中旋转。并且,由于注射器磁体和稳定化轨道不需要相互接触,因此它们不会产生否则将对抗框架沿轴的横向运动的摩擦。不存在这种摩擦可通过相同的行进量防止框架达到更高的速度,由此产生比使用引起摩擦的稳定化结构大的触觉输出。
一般地,并且,如下面描述的那样,注射器磁体、稳定化轨道以及外壳的至少一些部分可产生控制和/或集中中心磁体阵列和/或线圈的磁通量的磁返回路径。这些磁返回路径可减少延伸以超过外壳的通量的量,并由此增强外壳内的磁场,该磁场又可增强中心磁体阵列可在给定的时间段或给定的行进距离内达到的速度。注射器磁体(后面描述)可类似地在中心磁体阵列上施加电动势,由此增强或者增加由线圈产生的电动势,并由此增强致动器的总体操作。
图1一般示出可包括这里描述的线性致动器的示例性电子设备100。示例性电子设备100被示为智能电话。应当理解,仅作为可包括这里讨论的线性致动器的设备的一个例子,提供示例性电子设备100。其它的示例性设备包括平板计算装置、膝上型或者其它的便携式计算机、输入外设(诸如键盘、鼠标、操纵杆和跟踪板等)、包含眼镜、手表和健康监视设备等的可穿戴电子设备。
一般地,虽然不是必须,但示例性电子设备100可在外壳110内包含大量的不同的部件。示例性部件包含一个或多个处理单元(可以是多线程或多芯)、存储器和/或其它的数据存储、一个或多个电池、物理支撑结构、传感器(包含位置、加速度、陀螺仪、环境光、运动和音频等)、照相机、扬声器和麦克风等。为了简明清楚起见,在图1中没有示出这些部件。
类似地,用户、配戴者或其它的实体可从外壳110外面的一个或多个输入机构访问。例如,在图1中示出输入按钮120。诸如显示器130的触敏表面也可用于提供用户输入。这些输入机构可被用于向电子设备100提供输入。作为一个例子,输入机构可被用于确认由这里描述的致动器的实施例提供的警告或其它的触觉输出。
图2~6示出线性致动器200的一个实施例。应当理解,图2~6所示的实施例是具有示例性构成的一个示例性实施例;替代性实施例可具有不同的形状、结构、构成和部件等。因此,示图和相关的讨论应被理解为例子而不是限制。
现在转到图2,线性致动器200可具有被壳体220包围的本体210。壳体220可延伸以形成支架230,该支架230可与电子设备100的外壳110连接。移动的质量组件(参照图3~6讨论)的运动可如下面讨论的那样被传送到壳体220,并且,通过支架230被传送到外壳110。以这种方式,移动的质量组件的运动可产生外壳的用户可感觉运动。这种运动可以是选择性的,从而仅影响外壳的一部分或者集中于外壳110的一部分中,或者可广泛地影响整个外壳。在任意的情况下,线性致动器200可由此产生可被用作对用户的警告或通知的触觉输出。
线性致动器200可以是相对紧凑的,从而使得特别适用于小型电子设备。在一个实施例中,致动器的体积(例如,壳体的体积和壳体内的所有空间)不大于568立方毫米。
刚性体(stiffener)240可附着或者以其它的方式位于支架230上。刚性体240可粘接、焊接、机械紧固于支架230上或者以其它的方式与其连接。刚性体240可强化支架230。通过加强支架230,刚性体240可允许移动质量组件和相关框架的更多运动被传送到支架230附着于的外壳110。
挠性件(flex)250可贯穿壳体220以在壳体220内提供用于部件的电连接。一些实施例可省略挠性件250并且可替代性地在壳体220的外部提供电气接触,或者可使用刚性连接器以替代挠性件250。
壳体220可由相互附接或附着的多个侧壁形成,或者可形成为弯曲或者以其它方式形成为壳体220的形状的一体化单元。如图2所示,在壳体的某些侧壁上形成的突起270可夹或卡扣、激光焊接或者以其它方式定位/附着于在壳体的相邻侧壁上形成的孔径中,由此在操作中保持结构完整性。这些突起270在机械上互锁壳体的侧壁,由此帮助相对于外壳限制侧壁。并且,如图2所示,虽然在替代性实施例中支架230可与壳体分开形成并且附着于壳体,但支架230可与壳体220的至少一个侧壁一体化形成。
图3是壳体220的顶部、前侧壁和左侧壁被去除以露出内部部件的线性致动器200的四分之三透视图。如图3以及图6所示,线圈300包围中心磁体阵列310,该中心磁体阵列310可结合框架330形成移动的质量组件。可通过沿形成线圈的导线的长度传送电流激励线圈300;电流流动的方向确定响应电流从线圈发出的磁通量的方向。如后面讨论的那样,使电流穿过线圈可导致中心磁体阵列310(由此,组件)沿轴320移动。为了防止中心磁体阵列310被吸引到轴320上,这种吸引会增加两者之间的摩擦并由此增加移动中心磁体阵列310和框架330所需要的力,轴320可由诸如钨、钛或不锈钢等的非铁氧体材料形成。
如图3和图4所示,线圈300位于保持中心磁体阵列310的框架330内,但不附着于线圈上。而是,空气间隙分开线圈300与中心磁体阵列310,并且,框架330相对于一般静止的线圈300自由移动。并且,框架330一般作为移动的质量组件的一部分随着中心磁体阵列移动。如图3和图4所示,框架可具有在其中形成的具有足够的尺寸以容纳线圈300的孔径。即使当框架和中心磁体阵列在最大程度上在壳体220内位移(例如,到轴320的一端或另一端)时,线圈300也不邻接框架330的任何部分。应当理解,在框架330和中心磁体阵列移动时,线圈300在壳体220内保持静止,但在其它实施例中,作为框架和/或中心磁体阵列的替代或者除其以外,线圈300可移动。通过保持线圈静止,可以更容易地提供线圈的互连,诸如在线圈与挠性件之间,并由此减少制造的复杂性。
如图4和图5最佳地表示的那样,中心磁体阵列310可由相对极性的至少两个磁体400、410形成。根据实施例,中心界面420可由铁氧体材料或非铁氧体材料形成。用于中心界面420的铁氧体材料可增强由中心磁体阵列310产生的总体磁场,提供磁通量的返回路径的至少一部分并由此帮助将通量局部化于壳体220内。在许多实施例中,磁体400、410是钕,而框架是钨。该组合可提供强磁场和致密的质量,由此使得可用作线性致动器200的移动部分的单位体积结构产生较大的重量。
如图5和图6最佳地表示的那样,磁体400、410、框架330和中心界面420可具有贯穿其中以接纳轴320的孔。还如图5和图6所示,轴一般不接触磁体400、410、框架330或轴320,所有这些在轴上通过宝石轴承430被支撑,以减少摩擦。
一般地,当线圈30被激励时,它产生磁场。磁体400、410的相对极性产生与线圈的磁场交互作用的径向磁场(由图5中的径向磁场500表示)。只要线圈关于致动器的壳体被固定,源自磁场与通过线圈的电流的交互作用的洛伦兹力就沿轴320移动中心磁体阵列310和框架330。通过线圈300的反向电流流动反转洛伦兹力,并由此反转中心磁体阵列和框架上的力。因此,根据通过线圈的电流流动的方向,阵列和框架可沿着轴沿两个方向移动。并且,注射器磁体也可产生通过线圈的通量,由此导致或者增强洛伦兹力。
因此,当线圈被激励时,根据场的极性,中心磁体阵列310将沿轴320沿一个方向或者其相反方向滑动。如果通过线圈300的电流足够高,那么中心磁体阵列和相关的框架330可迅速移动并且达到高速。如果线圈在中心磁体阵列移动太远(例如,在中心磁体阵列不再位于线圈下面)之前被去激励,那么施加于中心磁体阵列上的洛伦兹力减小到零并且框架/磁体阵列会继续移动。
在一些实施例中,达到目标速度或位移之后,线圈可沿与其激励方向相反的方向被激励。这会导致产生的磁场沿与中心磁体阵列和/或框架的初始运动相反的方向施加力,由此减慢或制动移动的质量组件。这可用于控制或限制振荡,特别是在线性致动器200的共振频率上或附近,或者保持这种共振频率。因此,线圈300可不仅“拉动”而且“推动”移动的质量组件,由此通过线圈的磁场的选择性施加而沿两个相反的方向赋予原动力。这样,可以沿多个方向并且在与其它的线性致动器相比时允许在框架330和中心磁体阵列310的运动和/或速度上进行精细控制。
现在转到图4,宝石轴承430包围轴320并且被附着于框架330上,由此形成轴与框架之间的界面。如图4所示,宝石轴承430具有大致凸形内表面,以使与轴320的接触最小化。这又可减小或者最小化宝石轴承430与轴320之间的摩擦,使得与轴承具有更大的与轴的表面接触的情况相比,可在通过框架330和中心磁体阵列310在设定的时间内达到更高的峰值速度。宝石轴承430被附着于框架330上并且沿轴320伴随框架移动。
应当理解,宝石轴承430可具有被设计为减少轴承与轴之间的接触和/或摩擦并且减少源自不对准部件的接合和/或摩擦的可能性的其它表面构成。例如,轴承内表面可以带有角度或者为椭圆形等。另外,可在不同的实施例中使用宝石轴承430以外的轴承。
已关于中心磁体阵列310和框架330的运动一般性讨论了轴320。如图5一般性表示的那样,轴320可附着于壳体220的相对侧壁上。并且,如图5所示,在一些实施例中,轴320可贯穿壳体220的一个或多个侧壁。在其它的实施例中,轴320可完全容纳于壳体内。
一般地,轴穿过包含中心界面420和两个磁体400、410的中心磁体阵列310。轴320类似地穿过框架330,该框架330附着于中心磁体阵列上(并且,在一些实施例中,更特别地,附着于磁体400、410上)。轴在穿过壳体220之前在轴的任意一端贯穿弹簧510,或者以其它的方式附着于壳体220上。
一般地,虽然不是必须,但轴320沿线性致动器200的一个方向限定中心轴。如图5所示,轴320中心地位于线性致动器200内,并且行进方向与线性致动器200的纵向轴平行(例如,图5所示的位置的左到右)。轴不需要与线性致动器200的中心轴一致,但是,在一些实施例中,为了使线性致动器200的触觉输出最大化,这种一致有利于质量关于轴的均匀分布。
如前面提到的那样,并且,如图5所示,轴320的各端穿过弹簧510。在图2~6所示的实施例中,各弹簧510是双蜂窝弹簧。在许多实施例中,双蜂窝弹簧形状有多个目的,包括:提供大的工作行进范围,同时折叠到小尺寸,由此增强移动的质量组件的总体可能位移;分布应力,由此使得弹簧自身能够比其它的情况小;并且/或者,使弹簧端部的居中位于端板和轴承上,由此避免或者减少源自线圈在轴或外壳上摩擦的摩擦。
双蜂窝弹簧510一般邻接或者附着于壳体220的内表面和框架330的一侧。因此,当框架330和中心磁体阵列310响应通过中心磁体阵列的磁通量与通过线圈的电流的交互作用所产生的洛伦兹力而沿轴移动时,一个双蜂窝弹簧510结构伸展,并且,一个从其正常停止状态压缩。当被完全压缩时,双蜂窝弹簧510的绕组在平面内是平坦的。为了在压缩时在平坦、共面的位置中容纳绕组,弹簧的绕组之间的间距可变化。并且,通过使两个弹簧的尺寸总是处于压缩之中,弹簧串行动作以使弹簧比率(spring rate)加倍。此外,压缩弹簧可以不需要附接或附着于致动器的侧壁或其它部分上,由此避免由这种附接导致的可能的复杂性、易变性和应力。
因此,双蜂窝弹簧510可是空间有效的并且被设计为当被完全压缩时占据最小体积。通过减少处于压缩状态中的弹簧的体积或者至少它们沿与轴320平行的维度上的厚度,当与弹簧不折叠以将其绕组放在平面内的弹簧相比时,移动的质量组件可沿轴移动的距离、中心磁体阵列310的尺寸和/或质量的量可被增加。
弹簧510可在框架330高速移动或经受大的位移时防止框架330冲击壳体220的侧壁。并且,为了沿轴320移动框架330和中心磁体阵列310,线圈300可被激励,由此进一步压缩弹簧510中的一个。(应当理解,在示出的实施例中,弹簧510总是处于压缩中。)可通过线圈30保持电流,以使中心磁体阵列310和框架330偏置到位移位置,由此进一步压缩弹簧510并在弹簧中存储能量。当通向线圈的电流停止时,在中心磁体阵列310上施加的外力可类似地终止。作为响应,弹簧510可展开,沿轴320推动移动的质量组件远离弹簧510。电流可在适当的时间流过线圈300,以向移动的质量组件赋予更多原动力,由此增加组件的速度并增强由该移动元件产生的触觉输出。因此,弹簧510可被用于将动能转换成势能,由此使得致动器能够跨操作的多个循环实现更大的动量幅度,因此,与可在移动质量组件如图5所示的那样处于中立或停止位置时体验的触觉感觉(至少在开始)相比,产生增强或增加的用户或配戴者触觉感觉。
这里描述的线性致动器200的实施例可包含一般性在图2-6中表示并且具体参照图6讨论的一个或多个注射器磁体600。各注射器磁体600可附着于框架330的一侧,并且,可被定位为使得注射器磁体的后侧接近线圈300的外表面,但是通过间隙(可以是空气间隙)与其分开。各注射器磁体600的外表面可以是弯曲的或者另外为弓形,或者可以带角度、呈收敛于某个点的锥形或椭圆形等;注射器磁体可类似地被成形以增加或减小以下一般讨论的由注射器磁体提供的稳定化。
一对轨道610可附着于壳体220的内部并且被定位为使得各轨道610一般地接近注射器磁体600。轨道610可以是磁性的,在这种情况下,它们的极性匹配附近的注射器磁体的极性(例如,在各轨道610与附近的注射器磁体之间存在磁性吸引)。作为替代方案,轨道610可由铁氧体材料制成,但不是磁体自身,使得注射器磁体600被吸引到轨道610。在替代性实施例中,轨道610可以是磁性的并且注射器磁体可被铁氧体质量替代。图5中的在注射器磁体和轨道上表示的箭头分别表示通过磁体和轨道的磁通量的方向。
注射器磁体600有三个目的,即,使沿轴的移动过程中的运动的质量组件稳定化,使得组件基本上不围绕轴旋转;提供穿过线圈300的附加通量(并因此增加作用于移动的质量组件上的原动力);以及为由线圈和中心磁体阵列产生的磁场提供磁通量路径。首先讨论第一种目的。应当理解,图6所示的双头箭头示出中心磁体阵列和框架关于轴的潜在旋转移动;这是受到注射器磁体和轨道610抵制的旋转运动。
注射器磁体600的凸形帮助确保注射器磁体600的最外面的部分(例如,最接近轨道610的部分)被吸引到轨道610。并且,如果框架330组件在移动的过程中围绕轴320旋转或者转动使得它在角度上不对准,那么,与具有矩形或正方形断面的注射器磁体相比,注射器磁体的外部的凸形形状减少注射器磁体被吸引到壳体220的任何铁氧体或磁性部分上的可能性。相反,在图6所示的位置中,注射器磁体600与轨道610之间的吸引趋于以注射器磁体保持基本上与轨道610平行的方式保持注射器磁体相对于轨道160的对准。因此,即使框架和注射器磁体变得关于轴旋转不对称,注射器磁体600也操作以使框架、中心磁体组件和其自身关于轨道610并由此关于轴对准。注射器磁体基本上为致动器的移动部分提供旋转稳定性,并且可允许实现稳定的非轴向对称致动器部分,而不需要一般会占据致动器内的体积并且/或者增加***的摩擦的附加机械限制。
这种自重新对准动作可防止框架330在轴320上接合并且可使框架和中心磁体阵列310保持在关于轴的被配置为用于框架沿轴的低摩擦和/或低功率运动的位置上。并且,由于注射器磁体600不在物理上接触轨道610,因此在两者之间不存在摩擦,由此减少***的总体摩擦,同时保持致动器的移动部分(例如,注射器磁体600、框架330和中心磁体阵列310)的滚动稳定性和自对准特征。
由于磁场的强度随两个磁体或者磁体与铁氧体材料之间的距离非线性地变化,因此,由注射器磁体600和轨道610提供的稳定性是非线性的。即,注射器磁体600越接近它们的稳定位置(例如,图6所示的位置),将它们保持于该稳定的位置中的力就越强。因此,即使致动器的移动部分变得不对准,使注射器磁体600接近轨道610的任何振荡或运动也将导致注射器磁体600并由此导致框架等迅速返回到稳定化的位置。
应当理解,替代性实施例可使用排斥性磁力而不是吸引性磁力,以使线性致动器200的移动部分居中并且防止在轴320周围滚动。例如,极性与注射器磁体600的极性相反的磁性轨道610可位于壳体的顶部和底部,基本上与注射器磁体垂直对准或者沿着壳体的顶部到侧壁的接合处。只要磁场的强度被适当地配置,这种磁性轨道610就可排斥注射器磁体并且协作以使注射器磁体保持在稳定的位置。因此,实施例不限于使用吸引性磁力以提供中心化和稳定化。
壳体220在某些实施例中可完全由非铁氧体材料形成,而在其它的实施例中,壳体220可由铁氧体和非铁氧体材料的组合形成。作为一个例子,并且,返回到图2,为了为磁通量提供通过壳体220的返回路径,壳体220可具有作为铁氧体的区段280。区段280可采取图2所示的十字的形式。并且,区段280可向下沿壳体220的侧壁延伸以增强通量返回路径。作为另一例子,区段280可以为基本上与轴平行的条带,并且可向下延伸到壳体220附着到轴上的点。
通量返回路径用于容纳磁通量并且防止泄漏明显超过线性致动器200的壳体220。例如,图5所示的径向磁场500可贯穿壳体220的铁氧体部分并且被其限制以完成到磁体400、410的外缘的回路。可通过注射器磁体600、轨道610并且沿壳体220的铁氧体部分形成另一示例性通量返回路径。一般地,然后,壳体220可被配置为有利于形成限定通量返回路径的磁路。这些通量路径也会有利于向移动质量的有效能量传送,由此增加其在操作过程中的速度和触觉输出。
在一些实施例中,框架330由铁氧体钨合金形成,直到另一磁通量返回路径,并且还保持体积-质量效率(例如,高质量-单位体积)。
虽然这里参照特定的结构、电路和操作描述了实施例,但应理解,替代性实施例可改变以上方面中的任一个和全部。例如,可以使用多于两个的磁体以形成中心磁体阵列。类似地,可以使用多个线圈以增强在中心磁体阵列上操作的电动势。中心磁体阵列和线圈中的任一个或两个的宽度和/或形状可改变,以调整或改变线性致动器的力-距离轮廓(profile)。在又一些的实施例中,附加的磁体可位于壳体的任意端,使得中心磁体阵列和/或框架在移动的同时在这些附加的磁体之间穿过。附加的磁体可被极化以提供帮助移动框架和/或阵列以使其返回到其停止位置的恢复力。在又一些实施例中,线圈可以是平坦的(例如,平面状),而不是缠绕在中心磁体阵列周围。
因此,适当的保护范围由所附的权利要求限定,并且不限于这里阐述的任何特定例子。
Claims (22)
1.一种线性致动器,包括:
质量组件包括:
磁体阵列,包括沿轴线定位的至少两个磁体;以及
框架,附着于所述磁体阵列沿所述轴线的第一端和第二端,
所述框架围绕所述磁体阵列的至少一部分延伸;
沿所述轴线穿过质量组件的轴;
电磁结构,该电磁结构操作为在质量组件上施加原动力,由此,质量组件能响应于原动力而沿轴移动;以及
壳体,容纳所述质量组件、所述轴和所述电磁结构;
其中,
所述轴和所述电磁结构附着于所述壳体并且相对于所述壳体静止;
在所述磁体阵列和所述框架之间存在间隙,所述间隙平行于所述轴线定位;以及
当质量组件处于停止状态时,电磁结构延伸通过所述间隙并且包围质量组件的至少一部分。
2.根据权利要求1的线性致动器,其中,
所述框架围绕电磁结构的至少一部分延伸。
3.根据权利要求2的线性致动器,其中,
电磁结构是缠绕线圈,并且,
线圈不邻接框架也不邻接质量组件。
4.根据权利要求3的线性致动器,其中,
当向线圈施加电流时,线圈产生电磁场,
洛伦兹力源自电磁场的产生,并且,
在线圈保持静止的同时,洛伦兹力移动磁体阵列。
5.根据权利要求2的线性致动器,还包括:
附着于框架上并且可滑动地接合轴以使得框架不直接接触轴的轴承。
6.根据权利要求5的线性致动器,其中,轴承的内表面为凸形。
7.根据权利要求2的线性致动器,其中,壳体的至少一部分由铁磁材料形成,由此限定磁通量返回路径的至少一部分。
8.根据权利要求7的线性致动器,其中,壳体减少线性致动器的操作过程中的磁通量的泄漏。
9.根据权利要求7的线性致动器,其中,壳体的第二部分由非铁磁材料形成。
10.一种线性致动器,包括:
由接纳磁体阵列的框架形成的移动质量,所述磁体阵列包括至少两个磁体并且沿轴线定位;
穿过框架和所述磁体阵列之间的间隙并围绕磁体阵列的至少一部分的线圈,所述间隙平行于所述轴线定位;
贯穿框架、磁体阵列和线圈的轴,所述轴与框架、磁体阵列和线圈中的每一个分开;
在轴的第一端部上位于轴的周围的第一弹簧;
在轴的第二端部上位于轴的周围的第二弹簧;和
包围移动质量、线圈、轴及第一和第二弹簧的壳体,其中,
轴、线圈、第一弹簧和第二弹簧均附着于壳体上并且相对于所述壳体静止。
11.根据权利要求10的线性致动器,其中,
第一弹簧操作为响应于移动质量沿第一方向的运动而压缩;
第二弹簧操作为响应于移动质量沿第一方向的运动而去压缩;
第二弹簧操作为响应于移动质量沿第二方向的运动而压缩;并且,
第一弹簧操作为响应于移动质量沿第二方向的运动而去压缩。
12.根据权利要求11的线性致动器,其中,第一和第二弹簧是双蜂窝弹簧。
13.根据权利要求12的线性致动器,其中,所述第一和第二弹簧在被完全压缩时完全共面。
14.根据权利要求10的线性致动器,还包括贯穿壳体的挠性电路,挠性电路操作为向线圈供给电力。
15.根据权利要求10的线性致动器,还包括与壳体连续形成的支架,支架耦合壳体与相关电子设备的外壳。
16.根据权利要求15的线性致动器,还包括附着于支架上的刚性体,刚性体操作为增强从致动器向相关电子设备的外壳的触觉输出的传输。
17.根据权利要求10的线性致动器,还包括:
位于框架的第一侧并且附着于框架上的第一注射器磁体;和
位于框架的第二侧并且附着于框架上的第二注射器磁体。
18.根据权利要求17的线性致动器,还包括:
附着于壳体的第一内侧的第一轨道,壳体的第一内侧面向框架的第一侧;和
附着于壳体的第二内侧的第二轨道,壳体的第二内侧面向框架的第二侧。
19.根据权利要求18的线性致动器,其中,第一和第二注射器磁体分别被磁性吸引到第一和第二轨道上。
20.根据权利要19的线性致动器,其中,第一注射器磁体与第一轨道之间的吸引以及第二注射器磁体与第二轨道之间的吸引在移动质量的运动期间向移动质量提供旋转稳定性。
21.一种电子设备,包括如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的线性致动器。
22.一种电子设备,包括如权利要求10-20中任一项所述的线性致动器。
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US9608506B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
AU2016100269B4 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
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US10069392B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
AU2015100710A4 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
AU2016100269A4 (en) | 2016-04-07 |
US20160172953A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
US20150349619A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
CN105281533A (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
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