CN105272736A - Fertilizing method for reducing cadmium content of tobacco leaf with potassium silicate - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for reducing cadmium content of tobacco leaf with potassium silicate Download PDFInfo
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- CN105272736A CN105272736A CN201510655603.XA CN201510655603A CN105272736A CN 105272736 A CN105272736 A CN 105272736A CN 201510655603 A CN201510655603 A CN 201510655603A CN 105272736 A CN105272736 A CN 105272736A
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Abstract
The invention provides a fertilizing method for reducing the cadmium content of tobacco leaf with potassium silicate. The method includes: transplanting tobacco seedlings into tobacco field according to its natural growing period, applying a base fertilizer special for tobacco, and performing tobacco leaf topping and low quality bottom leaf removal, and carrying out subsequent pest and disease damage management and field soil moisture management; after application of the base fertilizer special for tobacco, dissolving a potassium silicate compound fertilizer special for plants in water and conducting topdressing twice, applying the potassium silicate compound fertilizer by 135kg/ha during first topdressing, and applying the potassium silicate compound fertilizer that is 1.5 times the amount of the first time during second topdressing. The invention aims to reduce the cadmium content of tobacco leaf and lessen the harm of smoking to human body. The method provided by the invention adopts the common fertilizer, is low in cost, can significantly decrease the cadmium content of tobacco leaf in acid soil only through fertilization, has a wide application scope, does not produce secondary pollution to soil, and also has no influence to tobacco leaf quality and yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco planting field, be specifically related to the fertilizing method of heavy metal cadmium content in a kind of effective reduction tobacco leaf.
Background technology
Tobacco is the basis of cigarette industry, is also the pillar of the economy industry in some areas.In recent years due to the existence of environmental pollution especially heavy metal contamination, in tobacco leaf, heavy metal research receives very big concern.Nineteen ninety, Hoffman is by lead, and arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury etc. are listed in 44 kinds of objectionable constituent of tobacco.Much research confirms, smoking has become the main source of smoking population heavy metal, especially cadmium.
The harm of people's heavy metal in recent years is more and more paid attention to, and in domestic and international tobacco, the research of heavy metal also constantly increases.Show that the arithmetic sum geometrical mean of Cd content is respectively 1.15 and 1.06 μ g/ and props up or 1.45 and 1.31 μ g/g to the result of study of 331 trade mark cigarette in the world, luffing is 0.29 ~ 3.38 μ g/g; Pb is that 1.70 and 1.31 μ g/ prop up or 1.76 and 1.67 μ g/g, luffing 0.46 ~ 43.66 μ g/g.The approach that heavy metal enters tobacco is summarized as two classes: in air, heavy metal is entered by tobacco leaf surface, and heavy metal in soil is entered by tobacco root.The tobacco place of production is different, and heavy metal content comparison in difference is obvious, and Zhang Yanling etc. have studied the content of China's main producing region tobacco leaf lead, cadmium and arsenic, and the content of the lead and cadmium that indicate China's most area cured tobacco leaf is all lower than 4mg/kg, and arsenic content is lower than 0.5mg/kg.Learn the investigation of Yuxi Yan Qu tobacco sample, in tobacco leaf, Pb average content is 2.80mg/kg, Cd average content be 1.53mg/kg, As average content be 0.66mg/kg, Hg average content is 0.07mg/kg.In the tobacco leaf of Wulian County, shandong Province area Pb, Cd, Hg average content be respectively 0.76,0.46,0.027mg/kg.Compared with heavy metal content in domestic and international tobacco leaf, heavy metal content Pb, Cd comparision contents of south China tobacco leaf is high, and As comparision contents is low, and northern tobacco leaf heavy metal content is all lower.Point out in 9th Asia-Pacific tobacco or healthy meeting report 13 brand cigarettes that China produces detect wherein the heavy metal average content such as plumbous, arsenic and cadmium to produce cigarette than Canada high.These are reported as China's tobacco industry and have beaten alarm bell, should cause enough self-examination, and China needs to strengthen minimizing tobacco heavy metal containing quantifier elimination dynamics, promotes tobacco Safety control technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: a kind of fertilizing method utilizing potassium silicate to reduce cadmium content in tobacco leaf is provided, to reduce the content of heavy metal cadmium in tobacco leaf, weakens the harm that smoking produces human body.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of fertilizing method utilizing potassium silicate to reduce cadmium content in tobacco leaf, comprise and tobacco seedling is implanted in cadmium slight pollution (soil according to the middle secondary standard cadmium≤0.3mg/kg of " standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995) is slight pollution) vega according to its self-sow phase, use special base fertilizer for tobacco, and carry out that tobacco leaf is pinched, the expeling of low quality pin leaf, and follow-up pest management, the management of field soil moisture content; After using special base fertilizer for tobacco, soluble in water for potassium silicate compound fertilizer carrying out is topdressed for twice, first time topdresses and uses the special potassium silicate compound fertilizer 135kg/ha of plant, and the amount using potassium silicate compound fertilizer of topdressing for the second time is topdress first time to use 1.5 times of potassium silicate compound fertilizer.
Described tobacco, at the equal normal growth in acid salt pan of cadmium slight pollution, go management according to the way to manage of high yield vega, its yield and quality all belongs to excellent.
The inventive method is applicable to acid soil, the particularly plantation of tobacco in strongly acidic soil.
The special potassium silicate compound fertilizer of plant that the present invention adopts, on sale on the market, belong to a kind of common siliceous fertilizer, although it is not soluble in water, be easily absorbed by plants in soil, and be slow releasing, belong to long-acting fertilizer.Siliceous fertilizer, in paddy rice, is commonly used to the quality improving product in the farm product such as vegetables and fruits, but siliceous fertilizer being applied in the plantation of tobacco this is first time.In tobacco planting, conventional fertilizer is potassium sulfate, but this fertilizer is unsuitable for pH value vega soil on the low side, soil acidity can be made to increase the weight of, retain higher cadmium in tobacco leaf if use potassium sulfate fertilizers in the long-term soil on the low side in pH value.
Aforesaid method, contriver tests at the vega soil of Zhuzhou City of Hunan Province Chaling County.The vega soil pH value of Zhuzhou City of Hunan Province Chaling County is on the low side, and the local general potassium sulfate that adopts is used as the fertilizer that topdresses, potassium sulfate KCl production, and containing sulfate radical and free acid, long-term application can make soil acidity increase the weight of, and retains higher cadmium in tobacco leaf.The present invention adopts potassium silicate to replace potassium sulfate as topdressing, because soluble silicate is hydrolyzed formation silicic acid in aqueous, in gel state, the easily poisonous heavy metal ion of absorption, avoid excessive toxic heavy metal ion damaged protein structure, so silicon can suppress the toxic action of cadmium.And after silicate ion enters soil, the pH value of soil can be improved, promote the precipitation of heavy metal ion and the formation of silicate composite, reduce concentration and the mobility thereof of Active Heavy Metals ion in soil, the final absorption that can reduce tobacco heavy metal cadmium, nutritive element required for tobacco growing can also be provided simultaneously, ensure the seed output and quality of tobacco.
The advantage of the inventive method is: method is simple, and potassium silicate fertilizer easily obtains, practical, is convenient to promote in Production of Large Fields.The present invention adopts custom fertilizer, with low cost, and just obviously can reduce the cadmium content of tobacco leaf in acid soil by means of only fertilising, applied range, can not produce secondary pollution to soil, also can not affect the Quality and yield of tobacco leaf.
Embodiment
In order to make the object of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, carry out clear, complete description by the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below.
Embodiment 1: carry out the pot experiment reducing cadmium content in tobacco leaf, this test is weeded tobacco test base, garden in Agricultural University Of Hunan and carried out, adopt zhuzhou, hunan province city Chaling County red farm vega soil, Cadmium in Soil content is 0.587mg/kg, and pH value is 4.77.Test kind adopts cloud and mist 87 and K326, and test period is 5 to September in 2014.
Adopt diameter 31cm, the pot experiment basin of high 28cm, every basin dress 15kg red farm vega soil, then in basin, plant cloud and mist 87 and K326 two tobacco bred tobacco seedlings, the strain of every basin 1, each kind arranges 3 repetitions, 1 contrast, adopts identical Routine Management (adopting Zhuzhou Chaling County locality to practise normal management) in each test basin.Tobacco bulk application within 15 days, topdress afterwards by first time, and first time topdresses and uses the special potassium silicate compound fertilizer 135kg/ha of plant, and second time is topdressed and used potassium silicate compound fertilizer amount is topdress first time to use 1.5 times of potassium silicate compound fertilizer amount; Contrast adopts potassium sulfate as the fertilizer that topdresses, and potassium sulfate amount of application is 150kg/ha, and second time topdressing amount is 1.5 times of topdressing amount for the first time, ensures the potassium element sowing amount that two kinds of process are same.Gather in the crops after tobacco leaf maturation, and carry out block sampling to tobacco leaf, getting 1 to 5 leaves is inferior leads, and 6 to 10 leaves are middle leaf, and 11 to 15 is upper leaf, measures the content of cadmium at the upper, middle and lower portion leaf that 2 product grow tobacco.
As can be seen from test-results table 1 and table 2, compared with the control, after adopting fertilizing method of the present invention, cadmium content in cloud and mist 87 and K326 tobacco leaf all significantly reduces, and mainly reduce the cadmium content of tobacco middle leaf and upper leaf, reduction rate on average reaches more than 35%, it can also be seen that, the present invention to the strong K326 of cadmium accumulation ability to fall cadmium effect comparison cloud and mist 87 remarkable.The amount that fertilizing method of the present invention makes the cadmium over-ground part of each site absorption in tobacco move obviously reduces.No matter be tobacco leaf, or absorb total amount, all decrease to some degree.Particularly at the middle and upper part leaf of tobacco, cadmium content reduces fairly obvious.
Table 1 adopts the impact (unit: mg/kg) on cloud and mist 87 cadmium content after fertilization ratio of the present invention
| Inferior leads | Middle leaf | Upper leaf | |
| Contrast | 22.65 | 14.10 | 11.34 |
| Cloud and mist 87 | 20.96 | 9.68 | 6.63 |
| Reduction rate | 7.46％ | 31.35％ | 41.53％ |
Table 2 adopts the impact (unit: mg/kg) on K326 cadmium content after fertilization ratio of the present invention
| Inferior leads | Middle leaf | Upper leaf | |
| Contrast | 26.58 | 15.88 | 11.69 |
| K326 | 20.16 | 9.19 | 6.44 |
| Reduction rate | 24.15％ | 42.13％ | 44.91％ |
As can be seen from test-results table 3 and table 4, compared with the control, after adopting fertilizing method of the present invention, the pH value of cloud and mist 87 and K326 planting soil and the content difference opposite sex of available Cd are significantly.The contrast soil pH value using potassium sulfate is low, and available Cd content is high, and uses fertilizer ratio process of the present invention, improves the pH value of soil, reduces the content of soil available Cd, eventually reduces the cadmium content in tobacco leaf.
Table 3 adopts the impact on cloud and mist 87 planting soil pH value and available Cd content after fertilization ratio of the present invention
Table 4 adopts the impact on K326 planting soil pH value and available Cd content after fertilization ratio of the present invention
Claims (3)
1. the fertilizing method utilizing potassium silicate to reduce cadmium content in tobacco leaf, comprise and tobacco seedling is implanted in the vega of cadmium slight pollution according to its self-sow phase, use special base fertilizer for tobacco, and carry out tobacco leaf and pinch, the expeling of low quality pin leaf, and follow-up pest management, field soil moisture content management, it is characterized in that: after using special base fertilizer for tobacco, soluble in water for potassium silicate compound fertilizer special for plant carrying out is topdressed for twice, first time topdresses and uses potassium silicate compound fertilizer 135kg/ha, the amount using potassium silicate compound fertilizer of topdressing for the second time is topdress first time to use 1.5 times of potassium silicate compound fertilizer.
2. a kind of fertilizing method utilizing potassium silicate to reduce cadmium content in tobacco leaf according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described tobacco planting is acid-salt Tanaka.
3. a kind of fertilizing method utilizing potassium silicate to reduce cadmium content in tobacco leaf according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described tobacco planting is strongly-acid salt Tanaka.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106083314A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of bio-fertilizer reducing cadmium content in tobacco and its preparation method and application |
| CN109534903A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 云南云叶化肥股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation and application of potassium silicate control mistake type compound fertilizer |
| CN112369296A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-19 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Cultivation management method for improving photosynthesis of flue-cured tobacco seedlings under lead and cadmium stress |
| CN114409472A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) | Tobacco compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-10-12 CN CN201510655603.XA patent/CN105272736A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106083314A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of bio-fertilizer reducing cadmium content in tobacco and its preparation method and application |
| CN106083314B (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2019-11-22 | 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of bio-fertilizer and its preparation method and application reducing cadmium content in tobacco |
| CN109534903A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 云南云叶化肥股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation and application of potassium silicate control mistake type compound fertilizer |
| CN112369296A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-19 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Cultivation management method for improving photosynthesis of flue-cured tobacco seedlings under lead and cadmium stress |
| CN114409472A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) | Tobacco compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114409472B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-03-10 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) | Tobacco compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20160127 |