CN104322336B - Using the method that sodium nitroprussiate control rice heavy metal Hg is accumulated - Google Patents
Using the method that sodium nitroprussiate control rice heavy metal Hg is accumulated Download PDFInfo
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- CN104322336B CN104322336B CN201410509893.2A CN201410509893A CN104322336B CN 104322336 B CN104322336 B CN 104322336B CN 201410509893 A CN201410509893 A CN 201410509893A CN 104322336 B CN104322336 B CN 104322336B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of application sodium nitroprussiate control rice heavy metal Hg accumulation, comprise the following steps successively：（1）Transplanting rice rice shoot after site preparation；（2）Sodium nitroprussiate is configured to the aqueous solution that concentration is 1 50 mg/L, 7 21 days after rice transplanting, when the 1st 7 day jointing stage, blooming stage the 1st 7 day and blooming stage the 7th 21 day, foliage-spray sodium nitroprusside solution is carried out with sprayer, the aqueous solution described in 3L is uniformly sprayed in the region of each 3.5m*4.0m.By spraying the sodium nitroprusside solution of debita spissitudo in rice growth each period, making the mercury content of the rice of production reduces by 30% 50%, and in Rice Production, site preparation, nursery, transplanting, field management can be using agriculture conventional methods.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical field, more particularly to a kind of application sodium nitroprussiate control rice heavy metal Hg accumulation
Method.
Background technology
Mercury is a kind of heavy metal element extremely wide in distributed in nature, is the non-essential element of plant growth, while
It is also one of most strong heavy metal of toxicity.Current mercury pollution has become global problem of environmental pollution, twentieth century 50
Age, Japan triggers " water marquis disease " event due to mercury pollution, just causes people's extensive concern.
In the case of nature, mercury is deposited in earth's crust mineral extensively, the mercury in soil mostly come from crust materials weathering,
Colcanism, geothermal activity etc., the content of mercury is very low in unpolluted arable soil.With the development of modern industrial or agricultural,
The discharge of the three wastes, the exploitation of mineral products, the general and mercurous agriculture chemical of filling of sewage are used, and the content of mercury can surpass in arable soil
120mg/kg is crossed, mercury pollution situation is extremely severe.After mercury enters soil, rapidly by soil strong adsorption can particularly be rich in
The soil of organic matter.Mercury in soil is easy to by the root absorption of plant, and the substantial amounts of accumulation in plant, is finally led to
That crosses food chain passes into animal and human body, the health of the serious threat mankind.The pollution that mercury is caused has disguised, invertibity
And the characteristics of chronicity, once it is difficult to eliminate into environment such as soil, water bodys.China be considered as in the world mercury emission it is maximum
One of country.According to statistics, in sewage irrigation area, the rice terrace that China has 15 provinces and cities (autonomous region) is subjected to heavy metal Hg dirt
Dye, these area production rice in mercury content have been over national food hygienic standard (<0.02mg/kg).Especially pearl
The developed area such as triangle, Yangtze River Delta Soil Mercury Pollution is extremely serious, and mercury is exceeded in nearly 40% agricultural land soil, wherein 10% category
In severe overweight.And investigated and analysed and to local resident's mercury exposure by the plant mercury content to China's mercury ore area in recent years
Assessment, find in the plant of local plantation, paddy rice is higher for the accumulation ability of mercury.
Paddy rice is Chinese topmost cereal crops, and 65% Chinese are absolute staple food with rice, and China is annual to plant
29000000 public affairs are inclined paddy rice, produce about 1.76 hundred million tons of rice per year.And paddy rice is to absorb stronger large cereal crops to mercury.China occupies
In people's diet structure, this consumption ratio of rice is 22%-30% (National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China, 2010), and China occupies
About the 50% of the total intake of total mercury is all from the consumption to cereal in people's meals.And the contribution rate of rice intake total mercury is arrived
42%.Therefore control and reduce heavy metal Hg pollution urgent need to resolve in rice.Therefore, to the survey of mercury content distribution in China's rice
The assessment of fixed and human body mercury exposure is significant.
Own characteristic with land use is cultivated based on China's grain, mercury pollution is difficult to take precautions against and prevents.At present, both at home and abroad
Also extensive work has been carried out and has been polluted to control and reduce paddy rice heavy metal Hg.Heavy metal contaminated soil remediation method includes soil moved in improve the original
Method, leaching method and solidification method etc., these methods are costly, it is necessary to special instrument and trained professional, also not
Can tackle the problem at its root.And the phytoremediation technology of latest development is although economic and environment-friendly, but its cycle very long is not appropriate for
Being ploughed Chinese people few national conditions more.Therefore, the absorption using the reduction paddy rice mercury such as suitable agricultural cultivation measure, conditioning agent and rice
Rice accumulation, is the main path for ensureing rice safety.
Existing substantial amounts of report is regulated and controled by rice field rich water, liming regulates and controls soil pH and regulation and control redox of soil shape
The control rice mercury accumulation of the approach such as state, the essence of these approach is to reduce soil available mercury content.But by these on the way
Also a large amount of inevitably side effects are generated while the control rice Cd accumulation of footpath, such as liming improves soil pH,
The available state of various mineral micronutrient elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc etc. is also reduced while reducing soil available mercury content
Content, unfavorable paddy growth.And fail good solving practical problems in the theoretical supposition stage mostly.
Sodium nitroprussiate, also known as sodium nitroprusside, are the main donors of NO.Nitric oxide (NO) is that one kind is widely present in
Signaling molecule and effector molecule in organism, take part in a series of regulation process of physiological activities in plant, and such as seed is sprouted
The aging of hair, vine growth and development, blade and fruit, Apoptosis and plant disease-resistant insect pest, arid, salt damage, low temperature, a huge sum of money
A series of biological and abiotic stress reactions such as category.Plant pair can be improved by applying external source sodium nitroprussiate or its analog
The resistance of the abiotic stress factor such as salt, low temperature, arid.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, there is provided one kind application sodium nitroprussiate
The method of control rice heavy metal Hg accumulation, the mercury content of rice is effectively controlled using relatively little of sodium nitroprussiate.
To realize the purpose of the present invention, it is achieved using following technical scheme：One kind application sodium nitroprussiate control rice weight
The method of mercury metal accumulation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps successively：
（1）Transplanting rice rice shoot after site preparation；
（2）Sodium nitroprussiate is configured to the aqueous solution that concentration is 1-149 mg/L, 7-21 days after rice transplanting, jointing stage the
When 1-7 days, blooming stage the 1-7 days and blooming stage the 7-21 days, foliage-spray sodium nitroprusside solution is carried out with sprayer, each
Uniformly spray the aqueous solution described in 3L in the region of 3.5m*4.0m.
Preferably：7-21 days after rice transplanting, the 59.6mg/L aqueous solution is sprayed；In the 1-7 days jointing stages, spray
The 104.3mg/L aqueous solution；In blooming stage the 1-7 days, the 104.3mg/L aqueous solution is sprayed；In blooming stage the 7-21 days, spray
The 149mg/L aqueous solution.
More preferably：14 days after rice transplanting, the 59.6mg/L aqueous solution is sprayed；In the 3rd day jointing stage, spray
The 104.3mg/L aqueous solution；In blooming stage the 3rd day, the 104.3mg/L aqueous solution is sprayed；In blooming stage the 14th day, 149mg/L is sprayed
The aqueous solution.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：In the present invention, the amount of application of sodium nitroprussiate is few, blade face spray
Shi Shi, every mu of amount of application is 0 ~ 7g, and in the Chinese patent literature of Publication No. CN101507400A, only site preparation when be accomplished by
Divalence manganic chelates are measured in terms of manganese 15 ~ 90 kilograms/hectare are applied in soil, and manganese is the trace element of plant, using excess
Also a large amount of accumulation of the element in plant can be caused, the amount of application of sodium nitroprussiate greatly reduces, and reduces cost.
Although the application times and amount of application of sodium nitroprussiate are less, the unspent product for controlling mercury in rice of the present invention
It is tired, can respectively make the mercury content reduction 30%-50% in rice, for pollution of heavy metals in rice provides good solution route.Separately
Outward, micro sodium nitroprussiate, has no toxic side effect, and does not influence the normal growth of paddy rice to develop, and wide material sources, cheap.
Specific embodiment
1st, material to be tested
Testing site is located at Wanshan Mountain area of Tong Ren District of Guizhou Province city, and experiment rice varieties are local main breed, the rice transplanting of June 16,
October 8 gathered in.In mercury pollution three-level level above（Pb, As, Cd and Cr are not up to level of pollution）Planted in soil, experiment
The main physical and chemical of soil is shown in Table 1.Following reagent is top pure grade.
The physiochemical properties of soil of table 1
2nd, specific experiment design
Sample field plot is tested, and Rice Cropping pattern is：Per cell floor space 3.5m*4.0m, seeding row spacing 0.35m *
0.25m, is 135 clumps, per ridge building between cell and plus plastic foil antiseepage, each treatment carries out 3 repetitions.Unless otherwise specified,
Site preparation, nursery, transplanting, field management are agriculture conventional method.
Sodium nitroprussiate is applied with foliage-spray method.
（1）Transplanting rice rice shoot after site preparation；
（2）Sodium nitroprussiate is configured to the aqueous solution, 14 days after rice transplanting, the 3rd day jointing stage, blooming stage the 3rd day and is raised
After florescence at 14 days, foliage-spray sodium nitroprusside solution is carried out with sprayer, 3L solution is uniformly sprayed in every cell（3.5m*
4.0m）If running into the rainy day then postpones, the whole breeding time of paddy rice is managed using conventional farming method.Table 2 is each
Period sprays the concentration of sodium nitroprussiate.
The sprinkling of the different times of table 2 is SNP concentration
3rd, sample collection and measure：
Foundation soil takes multiple spot aggregate sample before transplanting, and soil sample is packed to be detected after air-drying ground 20 mesh and 100 mesh sieves
Analyze its physicochemical character.
Random acquisition rice sample before rice harves, each cell samples 5 clumps, investigates paddy rice under different disposal treatment conditions
The agronomic shape such as thousand quality, plant heights.
Rice Mercury Determination uses hydride-atomic absorption spectrography (AAS).Paddy rice sample is dried to constant weight in 60 ~ 70 DEG C,
Rice grain is shelled with hulling machine, brown rice is obtained；After brown rice is crushed with stainless steel pulverizer, 0.5 g brown rice is respectively taken, added
The HNO of 10 ml3Digested using microwave digestion method afterwards, after the completion of digestion catch up with carried out on sour instrument catch up with acid to after 1ml with ultrapure
Water is settled to 20ml, finally using the mercury content of aas determination sample.
Each period of table 3 sprays influence of the corresponding concentration sodium nitroprussiate to the reduction amplitude of mercury content in brown rice
4th, result and analysis
The growing state of paddy rice is observed in the breeding time of paddy rice, it is found that the mode of foliage-spray applies sodium nitroprussiate, paddy rice is planted
Strain is grown and act normally, with control group（0 mg/L sodium nitroprussiates）Compared to no significant difference, and heavy metal free nosotoxicosis
Shape.After the general planting pattern for not carrying out any treatment, mercury content is 0.16 mg/kg or so to paddy rice in its brown rice for harvesting,
Beyond national food sanitation standard（0.02 mg/kg）.And can be significantly reduced by the way of sodium nitroprusside solution foliage-spray rough
Mercury content in rice, decreases by 31-45%, with after rice transplanting（7-21 days）, the jointing stage（1-7 days）, blooming stage（1-7 days）
After blooming stage（7-21 days）59.6 mg/L, 104.3 mg/L, 104.3 mg/L and 149 mg/L sodium nitroprussiates are sprayed respectively to spray
The best results for the treatment of, the range of decrease of mercury is up to 45% in brown rice.And it is worst to spray 59.6 mg/L salicylic acid person's effects with each period,
Other combinations are placed in the middle.To find out its cause, being primarily due to caused by each breeding time difference, after rice transplanting, paddy rice restoration ecosystem is opened
Begin to absorb mineral element and moisture, this also absorbs mercury simultaneously, but this period biomass is smaller, for the uptake of mercury
It is small, therefore the salicylic acid for only needing to spray low concentration just can act, the jointing stage is the period that a biomass is sharply increased, because
For paddy rice starts tiller, for mineral element and moisture the need for amount substantially increase, the absorption to mercury can also strengthen, therefore spray water
The amount of poplar acid is also required to increase；After blooming stage and blooming stage, biomass reaches maximum, and rice plant to breed offspring,
Start grouting, for mineral element and moisture the need for measure also reach it is ultimate attainment, therefore the absorption of mercury also reach it is most strong, so when need spray
Apply the salicylic acid of high concentration.And usually（Before blooming stage）The salicylic acid for spraying excessive concentrations is then possible to cause rice leaf wound
Evil, especially paddy rice just Planting time.And 59.6 mg/L sodium nitroprussiates may be just suitable for Planting time, but the later stage
Concentration is not enough, is worst in several treatment especially after blooming stage, therefore for the full-time result for spraying this concentration.Relatively
For, each period sprays the effect of 104.3 mg/L sodium nitroprussiates close to optimum level.
The time of above-described embodiment sprinkling sodium nitroprussiate is the 3rd day jointing stage, blooming stage the 3rd day 14 days after rice transplanting
With at 14 days, under the regulation of the spray concentration of embodiment 4, front and rear each period of adjustment sprays the salicylic time after blooming stage,
Effect is slightly worse, and the mercury range of decrease is in 43-44%.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method that application sodium nitroprussiate control rice heavy metal Hg is accumulated, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps successively：
（1）Transplanting rice rice shoot after site preparation；（2）Sodium nitroprussiate is configured to the aqueous solution, 14 days after rice transplanting, 59.6mg/L is sprayed
The aqueous solution；In the 3rd day jointing stage, the 104.3mg/L aqueous solution is sprayed；In blooming stage the 3rd day, the 104.3mg/L aqueous solution is sprayed；
Blooming stage the 14th day, sprays the 149mg/L aqueous solution；Foliage-spray sodium nitroprusside solution is carried out with sprayer when spraying, each 3.5m*
Uniformly spray the aqueous solution described in 3L in the region of 4.0m.
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| CN107296059A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-10-27 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of utilization nitric oxide or nitric oxide donors improve method of the paddy rice to strip virus resistance |
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| CN103314999B (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-07-08 | 中国计量学院 | Application of soluble calcium salt to alleviation of accumulation of heavy metal cadmium in rice |
| CN103385144B (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-06-17 | 中国计量学院 | Rice planting method |
| CN103314693A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-09-25 | 中国计量学院 | Application of monopotassium phosphate to reduce rice cadmium accumulation |
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