CN105191596A - Machine-harvested cotton environment-friendly cultivating method - Google Patents
Machine-harvested cotton environment-friendly cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105191596A CN105191596A CN201410280704.9A CN201410280704A CN105191596A CN 105191596 A CN105191596 A CN 105191596A CN 201410280704 A CN201410280704 A CN 201410280704A CN 105191596 A CN105191596 A CN 105191596A
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000037805 labour Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002837 defoliant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a machine-harvested cotton environment-friendly cultivating management method. The method comprises the following steps that 1, sowing is carried out, wherein early sowing is carried out in a suitable period, a controllable full-biodegradation efficient recycling mulching film with the length of 2.05 m is adopted, and S-shaped rows are set at the equal intervals being 76 cm; 2, the film is removed mechanically before irrigation is carried out for the first time; 3, cotton row intertillage is carried out after film removal. According to the adopted cultivating management method, by means of the planting mode that S-shaped rows are set at the equal intervals being 76 cm, solar-thermal resources in the field are sufficiently utilized, and the cotton individual advantage is brought into efficient play. By the adoption of the planting mode that the controllable full-biodegradation efficient recycling mulching film is used and is removed before irrigation is carried out for the first time, residual film pollution caused to the cotton field is effectively avoided; after film removal, complete intertillage operation in rows can be carried out, the soil conditions at the later cotton growth period are improved, cotton seedling root system growth is facilitated, and the cotton yield is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs a kind of cotton cultivation method, belongs to field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technology
Cotton is one of important economic crops of China, and the development of Cotton Industry has a very important role to Chinese Economy Development.When labor cost constantly rises, China the Changjiang river, Huanghe valley sown areas of cotton are constantly reduced, and Xinjiang and formation's Cotton Production highlight day by day in the status in the whole nation.Xinjiang is China high quality cotton base, and what Ye Shi China was maximum plants cotton ecotope, and cotton planting is already through becoming the important pillar of the economy in Xinjiang and the main source of planting cotton region farmers' income.
Xinjiang is scarcely populated, plant cotton labour nervous especially, pick up the adolescence every year and need introduce a large amount of labours from interior, harvesting cost improves constantly, further will expand Cotton Production scale, increase farmers' income, the bottleneck of its restriction is exactly the wretched insufficiency of cotton picking labour and day by day high harvesting expense.
Cotton in Xinjiang plantation uses mulch film all the year round, and farmland mulch remains long term accumulation, and soil pollution is day by day aggravated.Full boundary cotton waste mulching film average residual allowance more than 5.73 kgs/acre, residual film creates a series of adverse effect to soil characteristics, directly cause farm machinery tillage Quality Down, certain harm is caused to growing of crops, and at present an effective method is not had for the improvement of residual film.
This invention, cotton planting system is taken off film from the employing of controllable full-biodegradable mulch film, machine before adopting the line-spacing cropping patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types, head water, take off film after the mechanization such as to intertill and once complete, completely carrying out scientific, standardization, normalized complete set High Yield Cultivation Pattern according to existing cotton picker harvesting approach, is the invention of great significance leading cotton in Xinjiang to produce.Greatly developing machine cotton picking environmental protection culture technique is improve Cotton Production economic benefit, improve Xinjiang Farmland ecotope, the worker masses that get rich, advance the modern major action of Agriculture in Xinjiang.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of machine cotton picking environmental protection cultivation method, to solve the problem such as corresponding cultivation techniques shortage, residual film improvement in the plantation of existing machine cotton picking.
In order to solve the problem, cotton cultivation method of the present invention, comprise the steps: to adopt 2.05m controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulch film, a film 3 is with, and irrigate band is surveyed in going outside.
Cotton planting pattern adopts the Spacing form such as 76 centimetres of S types, spacing in the rows 8-12cm, S type line-spacing 4-8cm, precision point sowing.
Within before the head water of cotton field 1-3 days, adopt used plastic collection machinery to reclaim cotton common ground film in the ranks, within after head water 3-5 days, carry out the operation of 1 cotton inter-row cultivation.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Traditional machine cotton picking adopts 1 film 3 row cropping pattern, due to the impact of the harsh weather such as Low Temperature in Spring, disaster caused by a windstorm, emergence rate is low, rate variance of keeping a full stand of seedings, adopt the line-spacing patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types, the amount of sowing adds 1/4th than conventional 1 film 3 row mode, even if run into bad weather still can ensure good emergence rate; Under the line-spacing patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types, individual sunlight-heat reaources availability is high, and output of cotton obtains effective raising.
After traditional used plastic collection mode adopts cotton harvesting, vertical rod takes off film before dragging for film or sowing, used plastic collection rate is only less than 50%, the planting type taking off film before adopting complete biodegradable high efficiente callback mulch film and head water combines, degraded and the rate of recovery of residual film on the field reach more than 85%, greatly reduce the residual fouling membrane in cotton field.
Traditional Inter-tillage styles is just intertilled between mulch film, after taking off film, row adopts cultivator to carry out cotton thoroughly farming in the ranks, the soil condition to improving cotton late growth stage is intertilled after head water, play management of weeds, chesson, ventilation, adjustment soil moisture, promote cotton seedling root growth and development, increase the effect that cotton seedling is disease-resistant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulch film.
Fig. 2 conventional machine cotton picking 1 film 3 row mode.
The line-spacing cropping patterns such as Figure 37 6 centimetres of S types.
Specific embodiments
Below in conjunction with concrete case study on implementation, the present invention is described in further detail, but not as limiting to the invention.For implementing machine cotton picking environmental protection cultivation, adopt following steps: selection of land: select soil fertility medium on the upper side, physical features is smooth, and soil organic matter content reaches more than 0.8%, and soil salt content is less than 0.3%.
Whole layer placement of fertilizer: whole layer placement of fertilizer nature total amount 25-38 kg/acre, wherein threeflod calcium superphosphate fertile 15-20 kg/acre, potassium sulfate 5-8 kg/acre, urea 5-10 kg/acre.
Soil closes chemical weed control: broadcast front chemical herbicide and carry out soil treatment, after herbicide spraying, mixes soil cake, and the cake ground degree of depth is 4.5-5 centimetre.
Seedbed preparation: no matter rotate crops ground or continuous cropping ground, and site preparation quality requires to reach moisture in the soil, flat, loose, broken, clean, neat " six words " standard.
Sowing date for early sowing: can sow by when 12 DEG C when the lower 5 centimetres of ground temperature of film are stable for three days on end, 10-April 25 April is Optimal sowing date.Broadcast in latter 1 day and connect drip irrigation Zhi Maoguan, in 2 days, drip water of emerging.
Seeding method: adopt 2.05m controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulch film, a pipe a line, a film 3 is with, irrigate band is surveyed in going outside, the Spacing form such as 76 centimetres of S types, precision point sowing.
Take off film before head water: 1-3 days before drip irrigation mid-June first time water, adopt the common ground film between the cotton row of used plastic collection machinery recovery.
Broadcast rear management: broadcast rear chance rain and abolish in time and harden, put seedling sealing of hole in time, cotton seedling is unearthed 50%, looks into seedling in time, puts seedling, sealing of hole.
Broadcast and once to intertill in time afterwards, increase moisture in the soil, put forward moisture in the soil, eliminate weeds, short seedling is early sent out.Secondary intertillage is carried out, tilling depth 12-14 centimetre in 10 days in interval.
Intertill after taking off film: 3-5 days after head water, adopt cultivator to carry out cotton complete intertillage operation in the ranks, improve the soil condition of cotton late growth stage.
Chemical regulation: cotton 2-3 leaf phase foliage-spray casing coupling ammonium 1.5-2 gram/acre, 6-8 leaf phaseization adjusts foliage-spray casing coupling ammonium 2-3 gram/acre.Head water frontization adjusts foliage-spray casing coupling ammonium 3-4 gram/acre, control of binding in time in after pinching 5-7 days, casing coupling ammonium foliage-spray 12-15 gram/acre.
Drip: start general mid-June to drip for the first time, early September cuts off the water.Strict adherence rotation flow system, water droplet 15-20 side/mu of emerging, the amount of dripping breeding time 30-45 side/mu, pour water interval 8-12 days at every turn.
Fertilising: the fertile general 80-9% of P, K makes base manure, and the fertile 10-20% of N makes base manure and applies in the fall, and mid-June, execute each 5-8 kg/acre of urea with water droplet, flowering and boll-setting period enriches each 1-2 kg/acre of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In time, early pinches: cotton individual plant fruit branch number of units reaches 7-8 platform, during average plant height 65 centimetres, starts to pinch, and 1-3 tongue deep-fried twisted dough sticks or fruit branch pinching, will promote the growth of cotton lower periphery bell in conjunction with pinching simultaneously.
Spray defoliant and ripener: daily mean temperature 18-20 DEG C, daily minimal tcmperature is lower than 15 DEG C, and on general September about 10 was the best spray medicine phase, and the top bell phase reaches 45 days, and cotton nature blow-of-cottons rate reaches about 30-40%.
Spray 15-18 days after defoliant, cotton field disleave rate reaches 90%, carries out machine and adopt when blow-of-cottons rate reaches more than 95%.
The example 1:2013 Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang the 7th teacher 130 7 connects six buckets No. 64298-4 ground and adopts the line-spacing cropping pattern plantations such as 76 centimetres of S types, experiment area 1.6 mu, and front stubble is cotton, kind is that Shandong cotton grinds No. 24, planting density 9200 plants/acre, paid 9100 plants/acre, on April 16th, 2013 is sowed, film was taken off with June 12, June 13 entered Tou Shui, and June 16, inter-row cultivation, intertilled the degree of depth 12 centimetres, June 27 manually pinched, and September 8 sprayed defoliant ripener.Choose during results at 6 square metres 3 and carry out survey product, cotton plant Each root weight 7.59 grams, cotton boll Single boll weight 5.92 grams, average boll per plant 8.37, amounting to average yield is 451 kgs/acre.
Grind No. 24 cropping patterns with same field to more solito 1 film 3 row Shandong cotton to compare, conventional 1 film 3 row mode field planting density 7500 plants/acre, paid 7400 plants/acre, after taking off film and taking off film except intertillage, the operation of other fields is all identical, surveys cotton plant Each root weight 7.41 grams when producing, cotton boll Single boll weight 5.92 grams, average boll per plant 9.74, amounting to average yield is 432 kgs/acre.The line-spacing cropping patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types reach 85.7% than line-spacing cropping pattern used plastic collection rates such as conventional 1 film 3 row mode volume increase 4.2%, 76 centimetres of S types, and after conventional 1 film 3 row mode autumn harvest, vertical rod model worker used plastic collection rate only has 47.6%.
Claims (5)
1. a machine cotton picking environmental protection cultivation management method, comprises and adopts controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulch film, the line-spacing cropping patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types, film is taken off before head water, inter-row cultivation operation after head water, adopts the mode of film 3 irrigate bands to sow, spacing in the rows 9-12 centimetre.
2. a kind of cotton cultivation method according to right 1, it is characterized in that, mulch film adopts 2.05 meters of controllable full-biodegradable high efficiente callback mulch films, middle biological degradation membrane portions 8-12 centimetre of part, both sides biological degradation membrane portions 20-23 centimetre, other parts are common ground film, and common ground film available mechanical recycles.
3. a kind of cotton cultivation method according to right 1, is characterized in that, the line-spacing cropping patterns such as 76 centimetres of S types are cotton plant average row distances is 76 centimetres, and in cotton row, each individual plant presents the distribution of S type, S type duplicate rows line-spacing 4-8 centimetre, the program request of sowing cotton seed simple grain.
4. a kind of cotton cultivation method according to right 1, is characterized in that, 1-3 days before the head water of cotton field, and the common ground film of cotton field in the ranks exposed portion reclaims by the mode adopting machinery to take off film.
5. a kind of cotton cultivation method according to right 1, is characterized in that, 3-5 days after head water, uses cultivator at cotton inter-row cultivation once, intertillage degree of depth 12-14 centimetre.
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| CN201410280704.9A CN105191596B (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2014-06-23 | A kind of machine pick cotton environmental protection cultural method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105638205A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-06-08 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Cotton planting method |
| CN109429932A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-08 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method |
| CN110786217A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-14 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Efficient cultivation technology for mechanically harvesting upland cotton in early and middle maturity of southern Xinjiang |
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| CN105638205A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-06-08 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Cotton planting method |
| CN109429932A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-08 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method |
| CN110786217A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-14 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Efficient cultivation technology for mechanically harvesting upland cotton in early and middle maturity of southern Xinjiang |
| CN110786217B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-02-18 | 新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所 | Efficient cultivation technology for mechanically harvesting upland cotton in early and middle maturity of southern Xinjiang |
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Inventor after: Sang Zhiqin Inventor after: Wang Min Inventor after: Zhang Zhanqin Inventor after: Yang Xiangkun Inventor after: Chen Bing Inventor after: Chen Shubin Inventor after: Wang Youde Inventor after: Duan Zhenyu Inventor after: Wang Ting Inventor after: Guo Bin Inventor before: Sang Zhiqin Inventor before: Wang Min Inventor before: Wei Jianjun Inventor before: Zhang Zhanqin Inventor before: Chen Bing Inventor before: Chen Shubin Inventor before: Wang Youde Inventor before: Duan Zhenyu Inventor before: Wang Ting Inventor before: Guo Bin |
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Granted publication date: 20180427 |