CN109429932A - A kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method - Google Patents
A kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109429932A CN109429932A CN201811236650.0A CN201811236650A CN109429932A CN 109429932 A CN109429932 A CN 109429932A CN 201811236650 A CN201811236650 A CN 201811236650A CN 109429932 A CN109429932 A CN 109429932A
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- biodegradable mulch
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant methods.The following steps are included: (1) selection of land;(2) site preparation and fertilising;(3) overlay film;(4) trickle irrigation;(5) it transplants;(6) it intertills;(7) fertigation.A kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that 1, output increased, using Biodegradable mulch Processing Tomato Yield than using PE mulch Processing Tomato Yield improve 10% or more --- Biodegradable mulch covering early period be mainly Meteorological effect and inhibit weeds;After later period ground temperature increases, Biodegradable mulch degradation is conducive to processing tomato root system development, to improve yield;2, residual film can be miscellaneous inside stalk after traditional PE mulch harvest, influences the fermentation for putting into bacterium, so not can be carried out compost or compost poor effect, and the application is since using Biodegradable mulch, stalk can be directly used for compost after processing tomato harvests.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technology field, in particular to a kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method.
Background technique
Xinjiang is the area that China uses film-mulching technique earliest, in recent years, with submembrane drip irrigation technology and mating
The research and development and application of agricultural machinery, film-mulching technique are developed by leaps and bounds.
Complete more than 6,000 ten thousand mu of area of boundary covering with ground sheeting at present, 200,000 tons of annual mulch usage amount or more, Zhan Quanguo mulch makes
The 14.5% of dosage is national mulch usage amount and the maximum provinces and regions of culture underglass area.Covering with ground sheeting extensive use is brought
A series of problems, especially mulch not scientifical use and recycle link missing, cause mulch residual contamination to get worse,
The environmental problem important as one.A large amount of mulch residuals destroy soil texture, lead to soil permeability and reduction in porosity,
Liquid manure migration and crop growth are affected, crop yield is reduced.
Mulch residual contamination and tomato crop straw burning problem threaten Processing Tomato in Xinjiang sustainable development.Tomato stalk due to
Residual mulching film is adulterated, and mulch is still difficult to decompose after compost, causes earth's surface coarse after returning to the field, destroys surface soil performance, cause secondary
Pollution;In addition tomato stalk feeding domestic animal easily causes its gastric disorder, is not suitable for making ensilage;Throw aside field easily
Rot it is smelly, breed germ, mineral flux causes water resource and soil resource to pollute;It is utilized and processing in no Efficient Cycle
It under the conditions of mode, took field incinerating method to handle tomato stalk substantially in the past, and as a result generated a large amount of venomous injurants
Matter, serious contaminated soil and atmospheric environment, are forbidded strictly.Annual several hundred million tons of the tomato stalk in Xinjiang and tens of thousands of tons of residual
Mulch cannot such as be dealt carefully with, and the primary pollution source of the Processing Tomato in Xinjiang plantation agriculture district deterioration of the ecological environment will be become.Therefore,
Under the premise of film-mulching technique is not possible to replace and lack effective used plastic collection using means, test spread biodegrade ground
Film new product will be the following important technology approach for realizing Agricultural Clean and Ensuring Food Safety.
Biodegradable mulch is prepared by primary raw material of biodegradation material, and soil surface when crop planting is used for
Film cover, with biodegradability.Biodegradation material refers in conditions such as nature such as soil and/or sandy soil
Under and/or specified conditions such as Composting under the conditions of or anaerobic digestion under the conditions of or aqueous medium in, it is micro- as existing for nature
Biological effect causes to degrade, and final degradable becomes carbon dioxide (CO2) or/and methane (CH4), water (H2O) and its contained
The mineralising inorganic salts and new biological material of element.In recent years, as state and society pollutes aspect to farmland incomplete film
Increasingly to pay close attention to, the cry for carrying out the research and extension application of degradative plastic film especially whole life cycle design is also higher and higher,
A lot of relevant enterprises also start to carry out the research and development of degradative plastic film, but due to lacking relevant Valuation Standard and technical specification, lead
The good and bad jumbled together for product above cause market, and product quality is also irregular.
Primarily directed to the phase of processing tomato Meteorological effect under the conditions of PE mulch in existing public technology or cultural method
Research is closed, and Biodegradable mulch cultivation is utilized to reduce Plastic-film pollution, the technology and achievement of efficient water use are opposite to be lacked.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: for shortcoming existing for current technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing tomatos
Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method, and mating submembrane drip irrigation technology, this method is suitable for Northwest inland irrigated farmland, and protects
Biodegradable films action time is demonstrate,proved, realizes and prevents PE mulch residual contamination while processing tomato is increased production without increasing the work force.
Processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method disclosed by the invention overcomes existing PE mulch residual contamination,
Covering material is changed by polyethylene (PE) at being fully able to biodegradable Biodegradable mulch, mating submembrane drip irrigation technology,
And guarantee Biodegradable mulch induction period not less than 100 days, mulch residual contamination is utmostly reduced, and then realize and increase production without increasing the work force
With the two-win to reduce environmental pollution.
Present invention is directed to for the processing tomato growing area of Northwest inland irrigated farmland, choose suitable processing tomato drop
Covering with ground sheeting mode is solved, can not only increase the soil moisture, especially processing tomato and give birth to soil moisture early period, keep the soil water
Point, shorten processing tomato breeding time, improve Processing Tomato Yield, can also play the role of reducing residual film pollution.
A kind of technical solution: processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land
It chooses Northwest inland irrigated farmland and plants processing tomato;
(2) site preparation and fertilising
Covering mulch the last week turns over irrigated farmland, fertilising while turning over, in which:
The depth turned over is 20~30cm;
Apply processing tomato Special basal fertilizer, dose are as follows: 16,000 grams/acre of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20,000 grams/acre of phosphate fertilizer, 16 kilograms of potash fertilizer/
Mu;
(3) overlay film
In mid-April, a Biodegradable mulch is covered every 30cm using overlay film machinery in irrigated farmland, overlay film is wide
For 120cm, ridging, the high 5~10cm in ridge, row spacing 150cm, Biodegradable mulch neighboring are covered overlay film using mechanical simultaneously,
Mechanical earthing is carried out on film, and with spreading a drip irrigation zone under film;
(4) trickle irrigation
Trickle irrigation irrigation, 20~30m of trickle irrigation amount are carried out before artificial transplanting3/ mu;
(5) it transplants
Soil moisture content in irrigated farmland is transplanted when being 18%~22%, the soil moisture >=10 DEG C, and transplanting adds
Work tomato sprout has nutrient matrix, 1 plant of every hole, and the time of transplanting is mid or late April, and 2 rows, spacing in the rows 30cm, row are planted in every ridge
Away from 25cm;
(6) it intertills
It is primary between carrying out intertilling ridge with machinery at the beginning of 6 months, between being loosened the soil ridge and weeding;
(7) fertigation
Since June 1, a water-fertilizer integral under-film drip irrigation is carried out weekly, carries out 9 fertigation, amount of application altogether
For 20~30m3/ mu, dose: nitrogenous fertilizer 20~25,000 gram/acre, phosphate fertilizer 20~25,000 gram/acre, 25,000 grams/acre of potash fertilizer.
Further, the Biodegradable mulch in step (4) is vertical with a thickness of 0.01mm, width 125cm, elongation at break
Horizontal >=100%.
Further, 70~75g of variety selection single fruit weight, the lycopene for the processing tomato rice shoot transplanted in step (5)
Content is greater than the processing tomato rice shoot of 13mg/100g, soluble solid greater than 5.3%.
The utility model has the advantages that a kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method disclosed by the invention is with beneficial below
Effect:
1, output increased, using the Processing Tomato Yield of Biodegradable mulch than being mentioned using the Processing Tomato Yield of PE mulch
It is high by 10% or more --- Biodegradable mulch covering early period be mainly Meteorological effect and inhibit weeds;It is raw after later period ground temperature increases
The degradation of object degradative plastic film is conducive to processing tomato root system development, to improve yield;
2, residual film can be miscellaneous inside stalk after traditional PE mulch harvest, the fermentation for putting into bacterium is influenced, so not can be carried out
Compost or compost poor effect, and the application is since using Biodegradable mulch, stalk can be used directly after processing tomato harvests
In compost.
Detailed description of the invention
Schematic diagram when Fig. 1 is processing tomato film-covering planting disclosed by the invention;
Wherein:
The ridge a- line-spacing b- is high
C- row spacing d- overlay film is wide
E- overlay film line-spacing
The drip irrigation zone 1-
Specific embodiment:
Detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention below.
Specific embodiment 1
A kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land
It chooses Northwest inland irrigated farmland and plants processing tomato;
(2) site preparation and fertilising
Covering mulch the last week turns over irrigated farmland, fertilising while turning over, in which:
The depth turned over is 20cm;
Apply processing tomato Special basal fertilizer, dose are as follows: 16,000 grams/acre of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20,000 grams/acre of phosphate fertilizer, 16 kilograms of potash fertilizer/
Mu;
(3) overlay film
As shown in Figure 1, using overlay film machinery, every 30cm, (i.e. overlay film line-spacing e is in irrigated farmland in mid-April
A Biodegradable mulch 30cm) is covered, the wide d of overlay film is 120cm, and ridging, the high b in ridge are 5cm to overlay film simultaneously, and row spacing c is
150cm, Biodegradable mulch neighboring are covered using mechanical, mechanical earthing are carried out on film, and with spreading a drip irrigation zone under film
1;
(4) trickle irrigation
Trickle irrigation irrigation, trickle irrigation amount 20m are carried out before artificial transplanting3/ mu;
(5) it transplants
Soil moisture content in irrigated farmland is transplanted when being 18%, the soil moisture >=10 DEG C, the processing tomato of transplanting
Rice shoot has nutrient matrix, 1 plant of every hole, and the time of transplanting is mid or late April, and 2 rows are planted on every ridge, and spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing a are
25cm (as shown in Figure 1);
(6) it intertills
It is primary between carrying out intertilling ridge with machinery at the beginning of 6 months, between being loosened the soil ridge and weeding;
(7) fertigation
Since June 1, a water-fertilizer integral under-film drip irrigation is carried out weekly, carries out 9 fertigation, amount of application altogether
For 20m3/ mu, dose: 20,000 grams/acre of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20,000 grams/acre of phosphate fertilizer, 25,000 grams/acre of potash fertilizer.
Further, the Biodegradable mulch in step (4) is vertical with a thickness of 0.01mm, width 125cm, elongation at break
Horizontal >=100%.
Further, 70~75g of variety selection single fruit weight, the lycopene for the processing tomato rice shoot transplanted in step (5)
Content is greater than 13mg/100g, soluble solid is greater than 5.3% processing tomato seedling, such as collects river 306.
Further, after carrying out mechanical earthing in step (3) on film, Biodegradable mulch is close to ridge face, is compacted.
Further, it further comprises pest and disease damage and carries out prevention and control, spray fungicide Amici at the end of May and reach and can kill, use
Dose be 200ml/ mus, spray mid-June fungicide Amici reach, can kill and insecticide decis, dosage 200ml/
Mu.
By the end of August, it carries out mechanical get the harvest in quickly to processing tomato early to receive, to prevent decayed fruit.
It is not required to collect residual film after processing tomato harvest, degradative membrane is degraded automatically, reduces residual film pollution, saves recycling mulch
Cost, and processing tomato stalk can compost in situ.
Specific embodiment 2
A kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land
It chooses Northwest inland irrigated farmland and plants processing tomato;
(2) site preparation and fertilising
Covering mulch the last week turns over irrigated farmland, fertilising while turning over, in which:
The depth turned over is 30cm;
Apply processing tomato Special basal fertilizer, dose are as follows: 16,000 grams/acre of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20,000 grams/acre of phosphate fertilizer, 16 kilograms of potash fertilizer/
Mu;
(3) overlay film
In mid-April, a Biodegradable mulch is covered every 30cm using overlay film machinery in irrigated farmland, overlay film is wide
For 120cm, ridging, the high 10cm in ridge, row spacing 150cm, Biodegradable mulch neighboring are covered overlay film using machinery simultaneously, on film
Mechanical earthing is carried out, and with spreading a drip irrigation zone under film;
(4) trickle irrigation
Trickle irrigation irrigation, trickle irrigation amount 30m are carried out before artificial transplanting3/ mu;
(5) it transplants
Soil moisture content in irrigated farmland is transplanted when being 22%, the soil moisture >=10 DEG C, the processing tomato of transplanting
Rice shoot has nutrient matrix, 1 plant of every hole, and the time of transplanting is mid or late April, and 2 rows, spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 25cm are planted in every ridge;
(6) it intertills
It is primary between carrying out intertilling ridge with machinery at the beginning of 6 months, between being loosened the soil ridge and weeding;
(7) fertigation
Since June 1, a water-fertilizer integral under-film drip irrigation is carried out weekly, carries out 9 fertigation, amount of application altogether
For 30m3/ mu, dose: 25,000 grams/acre of nitrogenous fertilizer, 25,000 grams/acre of phosphate fertilizer, 25,000 grams/acre of potash fertilizer.
Further, the Biodegradable mulch in step (4) is vertical with a thickness of 0.01mm, width 125cm, elongation at break
Horizontal >=100%.
Further, 70~75g of variety selection single fruit weight, the lycopene for the processing tomato rice shoot transplanted in step (5)
Content is greater than the processing tomato rice shoot of 13mg/100g, soluble solid greater than 5.3%.
Specific embodiment 3
A kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of land
It chooses Northwest inland irrigated farmland and plants processing tomato;
(2) site preparation and fertilising
Covering mulch the last week turns over irrigated farmland, fertilising while turning over, in which:
The depth turned over is 25cm;
Apply processing tomato Special basal fertilizer, dose are as follows: 16,000 grams/acre of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20,000 grams/acre of phosphate fertilizer, 16 kilograms of potash fertilizer/
Mu;
(3) overlay film
In mid-April, a Biodegradable mulch is covered every 30cm using overlay film machinery in irrigated farmland, overlay film is wide
For 120cm, ridging, the high 7cm in ridge, row spacing 150cm, Biodegradable mulch neighboring are covered overlay film using machinery simultaneously, on film
Mechanical earthing is carried out, and with spreading a drip irrigation zone under film;
(4) trickle irrigation
Trickle irrigation irrigation, trickle irrigation amount 25m are carried out before artificial transplanting3/ mu;
(5) it transplants
Soil moisture content in irrigated farmland is transplanted when being 20%, the soil moisture >=10 DEG C, the processing tomato of transplanting
Rice shoot has nutrient matrix, 1 plant of every hole, and the time of transplanting is mid or late April, and 2 rows, spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 25cm are planted in every ridge;
(6) it intertills
It is primary between carrying out intertilling ridge with machinery at the beginning of 6 months, between being loosened the soil ridge and weeding;
(7) fertigation
Since June 1, a water-fertilizer integral under-film drip irrigation is carried out weekly, carries out 9 fertigation, amount of application altogether
For 25m3/ mu, dose: 22,000 grams/acre of nitrogenous fertilizer, 22,000 grams/acre of phosphate fertilizer, 25,000 grams/acre of potash fertilizer.
Further, the Biodegradable mulch in step (4) is vertical with a thickness of 0.01mm, width 125cm, elongation at break
Horizontal >=100%.
Further, 70~75g of variety selection single fruit weight, the lycopene for the processing tomato rice shoot transplanted in step (5)
Content is greater than the processing tomato rice shoot of 13mg/100g, soluble solid greater than 5.3%.
Embodiments of the present invention are elaborated above.But present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above,
Technical field those of ordinary skill within the scope of knowledge, can also do without departing from the purpose of the present invention
Various change out.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of land
It chooses Northwest inland irrigated farmland and plants processing tomato;
(2) site preparation and fertilising
Covering mulch the last week turns over irrigated farmland, fertilising while turning over, in which:
The depth turned over is 20~30cm;
Apply processing tomato Special basal fertilizer, dose are as follows: 16,000 grams/acre of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20,000 grams/acre of phosphate fertilizer, 16,000 grams/acre of potash fertilizer;
(3) overlay film
In mid-April, a Biodegradable mulch is covered every 30cm using overlay film machinery in irrigated farmland, overlay film width is
120cm, ridging, the high 5~10cm in ridge, row spacing 150cm, Biodegradable mulch neighboring are covered overlay film using mechanical simultaneously, film
The mechanical earthing of upper progress, and with spreading a drip irrigation zone under film;
(4) trickle irrigation
Trickle irrigation irrigation, 20~30m of trickle irrigation amount are carried out before artificial transplanting3/ mu;
(5) it transplants
Soil moisture content in irrigated farmland is transplanted when being 18%~22%, the soil moisture >=10 DEG C, the processing kind of transplanting
Eggplant rice shoot has nutrient matrix, 1 plant of every hole, and the time of transplanting is mid or late April, and 2 rows, spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing are planted in every ridge
25cm;
(6) it intertills
It is primary between carrying out intertilling ridge with machinery at the beginning of 6 months, between being loosened the soil ridge and weeding;
(7) fertigation
Since June 1, a water-fertilizer integral under-film drip irrigation is carried out weekly, carries out 9 fertigation, amount of application 20 altogether
~30m3/ mu, dose: nitrogenous fertilizer 20~25,000 gram/acre, phosphate fertilizer 20~25,000 gram/acre, 25,000 grams/acre of potash fertilizer.
2. a kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(4) Biodegradable mulch in a thickness of 0.01mm, width 125cm, elongation at break in length and breadth >=100%.
3. a kind of processing tomato Biodegradable mulch mulching plant method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(5) 70~75g of variety selection single fruit weight of processing tomato rice shoot, the lycopene content transplanted in are greater than 13mg/100g, solvable
Property solid content be greater than 5.3% processing tomato rice shoot.
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CN101790948A (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2010-08-04 | 周立伟 | Drought resistant underground film paving and pipeline burying machine |
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CN105191596A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2015-12-30 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Machine-harvested cotton environment-friendly cultivating method |
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CN105103857A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-12-02 | 中国农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil brackish water film mulching drip irrigation processing tomato planting method |
CN106416566A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | Water and fertilizer control method for greenhouse tomatoes through drip irrigation under mulches |
CN106912286A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-07-04 | 长阳土家族自治县高山蔬菜研究所 | A kind of high mountain rain shelter cultivation method of tomato |
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