CN105165370A - Planting method for preventing sclerotinia rot of colza - Google Patents

Planting method for preventing sclerotinia rot of colza Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105165370A
CN105165370A CN201510672096.0A CN201510672096A CN105165370A CN 105165370 A CN105165370 A CN 105165370A CN 201510672096 A CN201510672096 A CN 201510672096A CN 105165370 A CN105165370 A CN 105165370A
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Prior art keywords
rape
field
colza
soil
apothecium
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林邦宜
姚卫平
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CHIZHOU AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION CENTER
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CHIZHOU AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION CENTER
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for preventing sclerotinia rot of colza. The planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting disease-resistant improved varieties and implementing seed sorting by salt water and seed dressing by agents; (2) selecting a seedbed and disinfecting; (3) performing paddy-upland rotation and soil deep cultivation; (4) sowing early in right time and carrying out rational close planting; (5) performing wide-line deep-furrowed cultivation, and reserving blank lines; (6) conducting scientific and reasonable fertilization; (7) performing intertillage ridging and carrying out soil sealing in spring; (8) developing prevention at critical time. The sclerotinia rot resistance of colza planted by the planting method can be remarkably improved, the yield and the quality of colza are improved, and the efficiency is improved significantly.

Description

A kind of implantation methods preventing sclerotinia rot of colza
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to a kind of implantation methods, particularly relates to a kind of implantation methods preventing sclerotinia rot of colza.
Background technology
It is sick that sclerotinia rot of colza is commonly called as " white stalk ", is one of Major Diseases of growth of rape, especially serious in the morbidity of middle and lower reach of Yangtze River rape main product planting area, long-term diseased plant rate is 15% ~ 30%, serious reaches more than 70%, the general time underproduction 10% ~ 60%, has had a strong impact on the yield and quality of rape.
When sclerotinia rot of colza germ was gathered in the crops primarily of last year, sclerotium is retained in soil, invalid body and gets over the summer, survives the winter, and becomes primary infection inoculum.Most sclerotium first sprouts formation apothecium when the temperature rises between 3 ~ April of next year, sprout again and form ascospore, eject from perithecium after ascospore maturation, directly infect petal, blade, mycelia is grown when condition is suitable for, stem stalk is caused to be fallen ill or branch morbidity, blade is irregular water soaking mode scab after catching an illness, stem catches an illness and begins to show light brown water stain shape scab, after develop into the rectangular spot of tool wheel line shape, table raw flocculence white hypha during high humidity, the rotten one-tenth cavity of marrow in sick stem, frangibility, interior life a lot of black mouse excrement shape sclerotium, the general time, field apothecium quantity was many in earlier stage, later stage sclerotinia rot of colza morbidity is just heavier.
Rape all can be fallen ill whole breeding time, stem, leaf, flower, angle fruit all can be injured, the most susceptible with rape flowering, are also the critical periods of control sclerotinia rot of colza, and now time in early spring just, rainwater is more, and cold current invasion and attack are frequent, add the inclined nitrogen fertilizer application of peasant household, rape subjects to freeze injury, in addition field stain evil heavier, rape resistance reduce, increase the weight of stalk break morbidity and popular.And rape flowering growing way is dense, branch interlocks, creep in close Rapeseed Field very difficult with sprayer dispenser, many peasant households rape abandons control because of control operating difficulties, causes sclerotinia rot of colza to retransmit.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods preventing sclerotinia rot of colza, and can improve the anti-stalk break ability of rape significantly, can increase yield of rape and oil recovery enhancement, synergy is remarkable.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of implantation methods preventing sclerotinia rot of colza, comprises the following steps:
(1) disease-resistant breeding is selected, implementation is sorted seed by salt water and dressing seed: select proper height, plant type compact, disease-resistant anti-fall in ripe improved seeds, first with sorting seed by salt water before sowing, the blighted grain that removing is floated and sclerotium, use 2.5% fludioxonil (time suitable happy) 5ml to be watered 30ml seed dressing 1kg again, rear sowing is dried at cloudy place;
(2) choose seedbed and sterilize: to select that the soil is porous fertile, irrigation and drainage convenient, physical features is smooth, and seedbed is done in the nonirrigated farmland of not planting rape for more than 2 years; After seedbed is carried out, before sowing, mu is watered 60kg with the mould Lingshui Spring agent 80ml of 3% first frost evil and sprays seedbed, carries out nursery bed disinfection; When rape is transplanted, adopt 40% different bacterium fluazinam suspending agent 50g to be watered 10kg, transplant again after Brassica campestris L seedling root is dipped half an hour in liquid medicine, carry out band medicine and go to the field;
(3) rice field-upland field rotation, soil is deep ploughed: because sclerotinia rot of colza is survived the winter in soil and residual straw with sclerotium particle, sclerotium can be survived 1 year in nonirrigated farmland, can only survive 30 days in paddy field, carry out the rice field-upland field rotation such as rape-paddy rice, rape-cotton (corn, soybean), to reduce field sclerotium amount.Deep plough to soil before transplanting, the degree of depth must at more than 25cm, buried for sclerotium in underground, make the apothecium of sclerotial germination grow earth's surface, to reduce its susceptible probability;
(4) sowing date for early sowing, rational close planting: suitably adjust seedtime, rape initial bloom stage is postponed, and the florescence concentrates, and effectively can control the generation of stalk break.Choose seedbed at the beginning of annual 9 months, cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid-October transplants in good time, and general field is to be advisable about every mu of 10000 strains, and rational close planting can make the stalk break state of an illness obviously alleviate;
(5) wide row zanjon cultivation, and reserved blank line: carry out wide row zanjon cultivation when rape is transplanted, the blank line of 1 meter wide is reserved every 5 meters of width, the waist ditch that in the middle of blank line, excavation 30cm is dark, both hydrofuge prevention against water-logging had been conducive to, reduce field humidity, be also conducive to full-bloom stage and thank to the florescence being deep into dispenser in Rapeseed Field;
(6) apply fertilizers scientifically, the rational application of fertilizer: control amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, carries out nitrogenous fertilizer reach, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, and accomplish the principle of " heavy base manure and seed manure, duty is topdressed, and executes a kind of sedge, fertilizers for potted flowers ingeniously ", make rape seedling healthy and strong, the tongue phase is surely long, florescence stiff in straw.General fertility field base manure mu urea 20kg, superphosphate 20kg, potassium chloride 10kg, boron fertilizer 1kg spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing thoroughly; Seed manure mu 300kg people animal manure add urea 10kg, potassium chloride 6kg sprinkle water; The mu 300kg people animal manure that topdresses adds urea 5kg and waters and execute; A kind of sedge, fertilizers for potted flowers spread fertilizer over the fields at early March mu consumption urea 5kg, boron fertilizer 1kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5kg, strengthen rape protection effect;
(7) carry out cultivation and banking spring, carry out soil and close: after the beginning of spring, carry out 1 ~ 2 cultivation and banking at apothecium germination period, both can destroy apothecium and formed, root system development can be promoted again and prevent lodging, improve the resistance against diseases of rapeseed plants.Sprout the mould 80ml of Sheng phase mu shield shell to water 40kg even spraying in earth's surface and ridge surrounding in apothecium, carry out soil and close, the apothecium that elimination sclerotial germination grows and ascospore, alleviate hyphal cluster germ source amount;
(8) time of grasping the key link carries out control: contain flower Sheng phase control material time at rape; the employing medicament that satisfies the need carefully is sprayed; spray on rapeseed plants upper, middle and lower portion and ground, make plant appearance form medicament protective layer, retransmitting the time can dispenser be once again in 10 ~ 15 days after first time dispenser.
Deep plough to soil before transplanting in described step (3), the degree of depth must at more than 25cm.
In described step (5), the blank line of 1 meter wide is reserved in rape transplanting every 5 meters of width, the waist ditch that in the middle of blank line, excavation 30cm is dark.
Sprout the mould 100ml of Sheng phase mu shield shell to earth's surface and the spraying of ridge surrounding in apothecium in described step (7), carry out soil and close.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the rape of being planted by the present invention, early stage decreases sclerotial germination quantity, and the later stage can carry out control again like a cork, and can improve the anti-stalk break ability of rape significantly, can increase yield of rape and oil recovery enhancement, synergy is remarkable.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, particular content of the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1:
The enforcement time: in September, 2014 ~ 2015 year May
Implement place: Guichi District of Chizhou City, Anhui Province Qiu Jiang subdistrict office is in driving 5 groups, village
Implement area: 5 mu, before experimental field, stubble is cotton
(1) select disease-resistant breeding, carry out and sort seed by salt water and dressing seed.Select compact, disease-resistant anti-fall, the improved seeds Feng oil 737 that yield potentiality is large of proper height, plant type, rob fine day before sowing to bask seeds 4 hours, 5 kilograms of seed selections are watered with 500 grams of salt, the blighted grain that removing is floated and sclerotium, after the seed sunk is cleaned, use 2.5% fludioxonil (time suitable happy) 5ml to be watered 30ml seed dressing 1kg again, rear sowing is dried at cloudy place.
(2) choose seedbed and sterilize.To select that the soil is porous fertile, irrigation and drainage convenient, physical features is smooth, and seedbed is done in the nonirrigated farmland of not planting rape for more than 2 years.After seedbed is carried out, before sowing, mu is watered 60kg with the mould Lingshui Spring agent 80ml of 3% first frost evil and sprays seedbed, carries out nursery bed disinfection; When rape is transplanted, adopt 40% different bacterium fluazinam suspending agent 50g to be watered 10kg, transplant again after Brassica campestris L seedling root is dipped half an hour in liquid medicine, carry out band medicine and go to the field.
(3) rice field-upland field rotation, soil is deep ploughed.Before transplanting rape field stubble be one season semilate rice, because sclerotinia rot of colza is survived the winter in soil and residual straw with sclerotium particle, sclerotium can be survived 1 year in nonirrigated farmland, can only survive 30 days in paddy field, carry out rice field-upland field rotation to reduce field sclerotium amount.Deep plough to soil before transplanting, the degree of depth, at more than 25cm, buried for sclerotium in underground, makes the apothecium of sclerotial germination grow earth's surface, to reduce its susceptible probability.
(4) sowing date for early sowing, rational close planting.Suitable adjustment seedtime, on September 4th, 2014 is chosen seedbed and sows, and cultivates anosis strong sprout, on October 16th, 2014 transplants in good time, and rape initial bloom stage is postponed, and the florescence concentrates, effectively can control the generation of stalk break, every mu of plantation 10000 strains, rational close planting can make the stalk break state of an illness obviously alleviate.
(5) wide row zanjon cultivation, and reserved blank line.Carry out wide row zanjon cultivation when rape is transplanted, reserve the blank line of 1 meter wide every 5 meters of width, excavation waist ditch, had both been conducive to hydrofuge prevention against water-logging, had reduced field humidity in the middle of blank line, was also conducive to full-bloom stage and thanks to the florescence being deep into dispenser in Rapeseed Field.
(6) apply fertilizers scientifically, the rational application of fertilizer.Control amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, carry out nitrogenous fertilizer reach, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, accomplish the principle of " heavy base manure and seed manure, duty is topdressed, and executes a kind of sedge, fertilizers for potted flowers ingeniously ", make rape seedling healthy and strong, the tongue phase is surely long, florescence stiff in straw.General fertility field base manure mu urea 20kg, superphosphate 20kg, potassium chloride 10kg, boron fertilizer 1kg spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing thoroughly; Seed manure mu 300kg people animal manure add urea 10kg, potassium chloride 6kg sprinkle water; The mu 300kg people animal manure that topdresses adds urea 5kg and waters and execute; A kind of sedge, fertilizers for potted flowers on March 2nd, 2015 mu consumption urea 5kg, boron fertilizer 1kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5kg spread fertilizer over the fields, and strengthens rape protection effect.
(7) carry out cultivation and banking spring, carry out soil and close.Carry out 1 ~ 2 cultivation and banking at apothecium germination period after the beginning of spring, both can destroy apothecium and formed, root system development can be promoted again and prevent lodging, improve the resistance against diseases of rapeseed plants.March 16 work song discus sprout Sheng phase mu shield shell mould 100ml to water 40kg even spraying in earth's surface and ridge surrounding, carry out soil and close, eliminate apothecium and ascospore that sclerotial germination grows, alleviate hyphal cluster germ source amount.
(8) time of grasping the key link carries out control.In the rape Sheng flower Sheng phase on April 2nd, 2015; every mu uses the 32.5% benzene first Fluoxastrobin suspending agent of 40ml and the 50% Boscalid water dispersible granules of 40g; be watered 30 kilograms carefully to spray, spray on rapeseed plants upper, middle and lower portion and ground, make plant appearance form medicament protective layer.
In mid-May, 2015 is investigated: within 2015, middle and later periods rainwater is more, the large generation of sclerotinia rot of colza, damage and yield loss is heavier, and the morbidity of blank district is extremely heavy, and average disease refers to be 44.3, and the 5 mu of demonstration rape growing ways adopting foregoing invention method to plant are better, morbidity is extremely light, and average disease refers to be 3.5, and preventive effect reaches 92.1%, preventive effect is given prominence to, increase yield significantly.
Embodiment 2:
The step 3(rice field-upland field rotation of embodiment 1, soil deep plough) operation in, before selecting one piece of field to transplant, soil is deep ploughed, degree of depth 25cm, another block field is selected not deep plough, normal operating, March 16 in 2015 sprouts the Sheng phase in stalk break apothecium, 5, field sampling survey, often 1 square, result deep ploughing field on average every square of apothecium 1.3, and do not deep plough field on average every square of apothecium reach 16.8, result show deep ploughing buried for sclerotium in underground, make the apothecium of sclerotial germination grow earth's surface, greatly reduce its susceptible probability.
Embodiment 3:
Cultivation and banking is carried out spring at the step 7(of embodiment 1, carry out soil close) operation in, March 16 in 2015 sprouts the Sheng phase in stalk break apothecium, two pieces of apotheciums of peasant household's normal management are selected to sprout more rape field, one piece of field mould 100ml of shield shell is watered 30 kilograms to earth's surface and the spraying of ridge surrounding, implementation soil is closed, and another block field sprays clear water.5, field sampling survey after 20 days, often 1 square, enclosed area, result applying area is every square of apothecium 2.1 on average, and spray clear water field on average every square of apothecium reach 24.5, it is mould that result shows to spray shield shell in the stalk break apothecium sprouting Sheng phase, implementation soil is closed, and the apothecium quantity of sclerotial germination is greatly reduced, reduces its susceptible probability.
Above an embodiment of the invention has been described in detail, but described content being only the preferred embodiment of the invention, the practical range for limiting the invention can not being considered to.All equalization changes done according to the invention application range with improve, within the patent covering scope that still all should belong to the invention.

Claims (4)

1. prevent an implantation methods for sclerotinia rot of colza, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) disease-resistant breeding is selected, implementation is sorted seed by salt water and dressing seed: select proper height, plant type compact, disease-resistant anti-fall in ripe improved seeds, first with sorting seed by salt water before sowing, the blighted grain that removing is floated and sclerotium, use 2.5% fludioxonil (time suitable happy) 5ml to be watered 30ml seed dressing 1kg again, rear sowing is dried at cloudy place;
(2) choose seedbed and sterilize: to select that the soil is porous fertile, irrigation and drainage convenient, physical features is smooth, and seedbed is done in the nonirrigated farmland of not planting rape for more than 2 years; After seedbed is carried out, before sowing, mu is watered 60kg with the mould Lingshui Spring agent 80ml of 3% first frost evil and sprays seedbed, carries out nursery bed disinfection; When rape is transplanted, adopt 40% different bacterium fluazinam suspending agent 50g to be watered 10kg, transplant again after Brassica campestris L seedling root is dipped half an hour in liquid medicine, carry out band medicine and go to the field;
(3) rice field-upland field rotation, soil is deep ploughed: because sclerotinia rot of colza is survived the winter in soil and residual straw with sclerotium particle, sclerotium can be survived 1 year in nonirrigated farmland, can only survive 30 days in paddy field, carries out the rice field-upland field rotation such as rape-paddy rice, rape-cotton (corn, soybean), to reduce field sclerotium amount, deep plough to soil before transplanting, the degree of depth must at more than 25cm, buried for sclerotium in underground, the apothecium of sclerotial germination is made to grow earth's surface, to reduce its susceptible probability;
(4) sowing date for early sowing, rational close planting: suitably adjust seedtime, rape initial bloom stage is postponed, and the florescence concentrates, and effectively can control the generation of stalk break; Choose seedbed at the beginning of annual 9 months, cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid-October transplants in good time, and general field is to be advisable about every mu of 10000 strains, and rational close planting can make the stalk break state of an illness obviously alleviate;
(5) wide row zanjon cultivation, and reserved blank line: carry out wide row zanjon cultivation when rape is transplanted, the blank line of 1 meter wide is reserved every 5 meters of width, the waist ditch that in the middle of blank line, excavation 30cm is dark, both hydrofuge prevention against water-logging had been conducive to, reduce field humidity, be also conducive to full-bloom stage and thank to the florescence being deep into dispenser in Rapeseed Field;
(6) apply fertilizers scientifically, the rational application of fertilizer: control amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, carries out nitrogenous fertilizer reach, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, and accomplish the principle of " heavy base manure and seed manure, duty is topdressed, and executes a kind of sedge, fertilizers for potted flowers ingeniously ", make rape seedling healthy and strong, the tongue phase is surely long, florescence stiff in straw; General fertility field base manure mu urea 20kg, superphosphate 20kg, potassium chloride 10kg, boron fertilizer 1kg spread fertilizer over the fields after mixing thoroughly; Seed manure mu 300kg people animal manure add urea 10kg, potassium chloride 6kg sprinkle water; The mu 300kg people animal manure that topdresses adds urea 5kg and waters and execute; A kind of sedge, fertilizers for potted flowers spread fertilizer over the fields at early March mu consumption urea 5kg, boron fertilizer 1kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5kg, strengthen rape protection effect;
(7) carry out cultivation and banking spring, carry out soil and close: after the beginning of spring, carry out 1 ~ 2 cultivation and banking at apothecium germination period, both can destroy apothecium and formed, root system development can be promoted again and prevent lodging, improve the resistance against diseases of rapeseed plants; Sprout the mould 80ml of Sheng phase mu shield shell to water 40kg even spraying in earth's surface and ridge surrounding in apothecium, carry out soil and close, the apothecium that elimination sclerotial germination grows and ascospore, alleviate hyphal cluster germ source amount;
(8) time of grasping the key link carries out control: contain flower Sheng phase control material time at rape; the employing medicament that satisfies the need carefully is sprayed; spray on rapeseed plants upper, middle and lower portion and ground, make plant appearance form medicament protective layer, retransmitting the time can dispenser be once again in 10 ~ 15 days after first time dispenser.
2. a kind of implantation methods preventing sclerotinia rot of colza according to claim 1, it is characterized in that deep ploughing to soil before transplanting in described step (3), the degree of depth must at more than 25cm.
3. a kind of implantation methods preventing sclerotinia rot of colza according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (5), the blank line of 1 meter wide is reserved in rape transplanting every 5 meters of width, the waist ditch that in the middle of blank line, excavation 30cm is dark.
4. a kind of implantation methods preventing sclerotinia rot of colza according to claim 1, is characterized in that sprouting the mould 100ml of Sheng phase mu shield shell to earth's surface and the spraying of ridge surrounding in apothecium in described step (7), carries out soil and close.
CN201510672096.0A 2015-10-19 2015-10-19 Planting method for preventing sclerotinia rot of colza Pending CN105165370A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107173022A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-09-19 华中农业大学 It is a kind of to reduce the cultural method of the Rape in Paddy Soil sclerotiniose incidence of disease
CN107836302A (en) * 2017-12-16 2018-03-27 柳州市合联农业有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of bitter dish
CN108934260A (en) * 2018-08-16 2018-12-07 华中农业大学 A method of yield of rape and lodging resistance are improved using suitable soil ploughed depth simultaneously
CN111616012A (en) * 2020-06-05 2020-09-04 上海交通大学 Integrated control method for lentil sclerotinia rot

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CN103947395A (en) * 2014-03-10 2014-07-30 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 Cultivation method for interplanting mustard type spring rape and flax

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CN103947395A (en) * 2014-03-10 2014-07-30 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 Cultivation method for interplanting mustard type spring rape and flax

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107173022A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-09-19 华中农业大学 It is a kind of to reduce the cultural method of the Rape in Paddy Soil sclerotiniose incidence of disease
CN107836302A (en) * 2017-12-16 2018-03-27 柳州市合联农业有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of bitter dish
CN108934260A (en) * 2018-08-16 2018-12-07 华中农业大学 A method of yield of rape and lodging resistance are improved using suitable soil ploughed depth simultaneously
CN111616012A (en) * 2020-06-05 2020-09-04 上海交通大学 Integrated control method for lentil sclerotinia rot

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Application publication date: 20151223