CN110915345A - Method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by medlar ecological forest - Google Patents
Method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by medlar ecological forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915345A CN110915345A CN201911249415.1A CN201911249415A CN110915345A CN 110915345 A CN110915345 A CN 110915345A CN 201911249415 A CN201911249415 A CN 201911249415A CN 110915345 A CN110915345 A CN 110915345A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
A method for improving soda saline-alkali land by medlar ecological forest relates to a method for improving soda saline-alkali land. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high cost and water resource waste caused by the adoption of a high-dosage modifying agent in the conventional soda alkali land modifying method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a land parcel; secondly, deep loosening and soil preparation; thirdly, ditching the seedling belt; fourthly, planting the medlar; fifthly, managing water and fertilizer; sixthly, shaping and trimming; seventhly, preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds; and eighthly, picking fruits. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that no chemical modifier is added, the initial land development cost is reduced, the cost is saved, the efficiency is improved, the operation method is simple and convenient, and an important technical support can be provided for the sustainable production and utilization of the soda saline-alkali soil. The saline-alkali soil with the pH value of 9.25-9.56 and the salt content of 0.3% -0.5% can be improved by the method, the pH value can be reduced to 8.65, and the desalting rate can reach 35.8%. The invention belongs to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving a soda saline-alkali land, in particular to a method for improving a soda saline-alkali land by using an ecological economic forest of Chinese wolfberry.
Background
Lycium barbarum (Lycum chinense Mil1.) is a perennial solanaceae deciduous shrub. The leaves, roots and peels of the fruit have wide medicinal value, and particularly, the fruits contain various nutrient components and have the effects of tonifying the kidney, nourishing the liver, improving eyesight, promoting blood circulation, resisting diseases and the like. The medlar has stronger adaptability, is mostly planted in arid lands, sandy lands and saline-alkali lands, and can be used as an important plant for wasteland utilization in areas with more wasteland and saline-alkali lands. The Chinese wolfberry is mainly produced in Ningxia and Gansu, and is cultivated artificially in all parts of the country.
The distribution area of the western soda saline-alkali soil in the Songnen plain is about 373 maha, and the soil is expressed as 'three high and two low' (namely high pH, high soda content, high exchangeable sodium content, low permeability and low nutrient availability). The large-area soda saline-alkali soil is idle and abandoned due to the difficulty in development and utilization through conventional means or high development and utilization cost, so that the great waste of land resources is caused. In recent years, many related researches on improvement of the saline-alkali soil of the rice seeds have been reported, and the development and utilization of the soda saline-alkali soil of the rice seeds is improved by physical, chemical and biological means, so that the method becomes the most common method for improvement and utilization of the saline-alkali soil.
The obtained research results of saline-alkali soil improvement have great significance for the development and utilization of saline-alkali soil, however, the current development and utilization mode still has some defects: (1) a large amount of modifying agents are required to be added for soil modification, so that the initial land development cost is too high, common farmers are difficult to bear, and finally a large amount of land is abandoned for tillage. (2) In a certain period of soil improvement-rice planting improvement mode, the saline-alkali content in water is greatly increased due to ion replacement, and rice seedling growth is damaged, so that frequent field soaking and drainage are needed, and great waste of water resources and soil nutrients is caused. (3) The existing improvement mode needs a long time for establishment, the income is very low in the time period, and the production enthusiasm of farmers is poor. (4) The ecological benefit is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high cost and water resource waste caused by the adoption of a high-application-amount modifying agent in the conventional soda alkali land modifying method, and provides a method for modifying soda alkali land by using a medlar ecological forest.
The method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by the medlar ecological forest comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a land parcel:
selecting a soda saline-alkali soil with pH of less than 9.5;
secondly, deep loosening and soil preparation:
mechanically deep-loosening before sealing and freezing or before planting the Chinese wolfberry seedlings in spring, wherein the depth is 40-60 cm, and soil preparation is carried out after deep loosening;
thirdly, ditching the seedling belt:
ditching the seedling belts according to the distance between the seedling belts being 1.95-2.6 m, wherein the width of the ditches is 40-65 cm, and the depth of the ditches is 60-80 cm;
fourthly, planting the medlar:
before planting the medlar, firstly, broadcasting a compound fertilizer (N, P, K, a three-element compound fertilizer with the total content of more than 40%) according to the application amount of 200-300 kg/ha, and then, according to the application amount of 20-30 m3Uniformly spreading decomposed farmyard manure in the seedling belt ditch at the application amount of the/ha, and then covering soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm;
placing Chinese wolfberry seedlings in the groove of the seedling belt according to a zigzag shape with the plant spacing of 0.5-0.8 m, covering soil, and forming a planting groove with the soil being 3-5 cm lower than the inter-seedling belt;
fifthly, water and fertilizer management:
irrigation: after planting the medlar, irrigating the seedling zone thoroughly, then irrigating 3-4 times per year, wherein the irrigation is based on the soil body permeating the seedling zone,
topdressing: topdressing is not carried out on the planted medlar in the current year, compound fertilizers are topdressed in the vegetative growth period of the medlar according to the application amount of 50-100 kg/ha from the second year, compound fertilizers are topdressed in the reproductive growth period according to the application amount of 80-160 kg/ha, topdressing is not carried out in the later fruit setting period, and organic fertilizers (N, P, K total content is more than 5 percent) are topdressed in the application amount of 3-5 t/ha before sealing and freezing in autumn every year;
sixthly, shaping and trimming:
the trunk fixation is completed in the current year, and the auxiliary culture branches are reserved; selecting 1-3 robust sprouting branch short sections from branches sent out from the base in the previous year in the second year, taking the robust sprouting branch short sections and the main trunk branches as main trunk branches, and inserting 3-4 robust branch short sections on the main trunk branches at intervals of 20-30 cm from the ground by 50cm in different directions to serve as skeleton branches; in the third year, various levels of bone trunk branches and fruiting mother branches can be inserted and selected according to different directions, and 2-4 trunks can be formed through shaping for two to three years, wherein the trunk branches are clear, the fruiting branches are uniformly distributed, and the tree shape is good in ventilation and light transmission;
the trimming of the medlar tree in the full bearing period is carried out on the basis of utilizing a pruning technology combining short cutting and pruning and reforming the whole plant shape. Including spring pruning and summer pruning. The general principle of pruning is to combine the functions of thinning and shrinking, removing weakness and leaving strength, removing remaining side and removing density and leaving rarity.
Aiming at the cultivation of hedgerow type Chinese wolfberry seedling zones, Chinese wolfberry hedgerows with developed branches can be formed in the seedling zones after 3-5 years, and the canopy density of the seedling zones is more than 95%.
Seventhly, preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds;
and eighthly, picking fruits.
Seventhly, preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds as follows:
disease: spraying lime sulphur mixture once every spring;
soil insects: toxic soil is adopted to be matched with organic fertilizer for application;
aboveground pests: biological control is adopted, and 1000-2000 times of 40% dimethoate missible oil can be used for spraying on plants by a sprayer;
weeding in the field: mechanical intertillage weeding is carried out for 2-3 times every year.
The fruit picking time is from the second year after planting the medlar, and the fruits are manually picked from late 7 to last 10 months of each year.
The method of the invention does not need to input chemical modifier; the medlar ecological economic forest is constructed and matched with deep scarification soil preparation to loosen soil and improve the soil permeability; through water and fertilizer management, the fertilizer has a certain leaching effect, reduces barrier factors for development and utilization of saline-alkali wasteland, and promotes alkali reduction and desalination of root layer soil; forming medlar hedges in the seedling zone by taking management measures such as shaping, trimming and the like to resist wind erosion; the method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by the medlar ecological economic forest is formed, the productivity and self-maintenance capability of an ecological system are improved, fruits are harvested, and both ecological benefits and economic benefits are achieved. The method has the advantages of no chemical modifier input, reduced initial land development cost, cost saving and efficiency improvement, simple and convenient operation method, and capability of providing important technical support for sustainable production and utilization of soda saline-alkali soil.
The saline-alkali soil with the pH value of 9.25-9.56 and the salt content of 0.3% -0.5% can be improved by the method, the pH value can be reduced to 8.65, and the desalting rate can reach 35.8%.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by the medlar ecological forest in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a land parcel:
selecting a soda saline-alkali soil with pH of less than 9.5;
secondly, deep loosening and soil preparation:
mechanically deep-loosening before sealing and freezing or before planting the medlar seedlings in spring to a depth of 40-60 cm, and preparing soil after deep loosening;
thirdly, ditching the seedling belt:
ditching the seedling belts according to the distance between the seedling belts of 1.95-2.6 m (which is convenient for the intertillage operation of small agricultural machinery for field management in the later period), wherein the width of the ditches is 40-65 cm, the depth of the ditches is 60-80 cm, and the soil permeability of the seedling belts is increased;
fourthly, planting the medlar:
before planting the medlar, firstly, broadcasting a compound fertilizer (N, P, K, a three-element compound fertilizer with the total content of more than 40%) according to the application amount of 200-300 kg/ha, and then, according to the application amount of 20-30 m3Uniformly spreading decomposed farmyard manure in the seedling ditch with the application amount of the/ha, and then covering soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm to avoid the phenomenon of seedling burning;
placing Chinese wolfberry seedlings in the seedling belt ditch according to a reversed-square shape and a plant spacing of 0.5-0.8 m, and then covering soil (paying attention to root spreading, lifting and righting of the Chinese wolfberry seedlings during soil covering, generally selecting the plant spacing to be more than 1m during Chinese wolfberry cultivation aiming at high yield, considering both ecological and economic benefits, adopting a mode of reducing the plant spacing and increasing the density), and forming a planting ditch with the soil covering being 3-5 cm lower than an inter-seedling belt;
fifthly, water and fertilizer management:
irrigation: after the medlar is planted, the seedling zone is irrigated with water for 3-4 times every year, and the irrigation is based on the soil body permeating the seedling zone;
topdressing: topdressing is not carried out on the planted medlar in the current year, compound fertilizers are topdressed in the vegetative growth period of the medlar according to the application amount of 50-100 kg/ha from the second year, compound fertilizers are topdressed in the reproductive growth period according to the application amount of 80-160 kg/ha, topdressing is not carried out in the later fruit setting period, and organic fertilizers (N, P, K total content is more than 5 percent) are topdressed in the application amount of 3-5 t/ha before sealing and freezing in autumn every year;
sixthly, shaping and trimming:
the trunk fixation is completed in the current year, and the auxiliary culture branches are reserved; selecting 1-3 robust sprouting branch short sections from branches sent out from the base in the previous year in the second year, taking the robust sprouting branch short sections and the main trunk branches as main trunk branches, and inserting 3-4 robust branch short sections on the main trunk branches at intervals of 20-30 cm from the ground by 50cm in different directions to serve as skeleton branches; in the third year, various levels of bone trunk branches and fruiting mother branches can be inserted and selected according to different directions, and 2-4 trunks can be formed through shaping for two to three years, wherein the trunk branches are clear, the fruiting branches are uniformly distributed, and the tree shape is good in ventilation and light transmission;
the trimming of the medlar tree in the full bearing period is carried out on the basis of utilizing a pruning technology combining short cutting and pruning and reforming the whole plant shape. Including spring pruning and summer pruning. The general principle of pruning is to combine the functions of thinning and shrinking, removing weakness and leaving strength, removing remaining side and removing density and leaving rarity.
Aiming at the cultivation of hedgerow type Chinese wolfberry seedling zones, Chinese wolfberry hedgerows with developed branches can be formed in the seedling zones after 3-5 years, and the canopy density of the seedling zones is more than 95%.
Seventhly, preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds;
and eighthly, picking fruits.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the disease, pest and weed control in the step seven is as follows:
disease: spraying lime sulphur mixture once every spring;
soil insects: toxic soil is adopted to be matched with organic fertilizer for application;
aboveground pests: biological control is adopted, 1000-2000 times of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable solution is sprayed on plants by a sprayer;
weeding in the field: mechanical intertillage weeding is carried out for 2-3 times every year. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the fruit picking time is from the second year after planting the medlar, and the fruit is manually picked from 7 to 10 last ten days of each year. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that the depth in step two is 50 cm. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is that the width of the trench is 45-60 cm and the depth is 65-75 cm in the third step. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to fifth embodiments in that the groove in the third step has a width of 50cm and a depth of 70 cm. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between the embodiment mode and one of the first to the sixth embodiment modes is that the compound fertilizer is firstly broadcast according to the application amount of 250kg/ha before the medlar is planted in the fourth step. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and the first to seventh embodiments is that the length of step four is 25m3The application amount of the fertilizer/ha is uniform, and the decomposed farmyard manure is spread in the seedling belt ditch. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between the embodiment and the first to eighth embodiment is that in the fifth embodiment, the compound fertilizer is applied according to the application amount of 80kg/ha in the vegetative growth period of the medlar. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the embodiment is different from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that in the fifth step, compound fertilizer is applied according to the application amount of 100kg/ha in the reproductive growth period, no additional fertilizer is applied in the later period of fruit setting, and organic fertilizer is applied according to the application amount of 4t/ha before sealing and freezing in autumn every year. The rest is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The following experiments are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
experiment one:
the method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by the medlar ecological forest comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a land parcel:
selecting the soda saline-alkali soil of the big Baozi county in great Anhui city of Jilin province, wherein the pH value is 9.56, and the salt content is 0.5%;
secondly, deep loosening and soil preparation:
mechanically deep-loosening before sealing, uniformly adopting an all-dimensional deep-loosening machine for deep-loosening operation, wherein the depth is 50cm, and preparing soil after deep-loosening;
thirdly, ditching the seedling belt:
ditching the seedling belts according to the distance of the seedling belts being 2.6m, wherein a ditching machine is used for ditching the seedling belts, and the width of the ditches is 40cm and the depth of the ditches is 60 cm;
fourthly, planting the medlar:
before planting Chinese wolfberry, firstly spreading a compound fertilizer (N, P, K, the total content of which is more than 40%) according to the application amount of 200kg/ha, and then spreading the compound fertilizer according to the application amount of 20m3Spreading decomposed farmyard manure in the seedling belt ditch uniformly according to the application amount of the/ha, then covering soil with the thickness of 8cm, and covering soil with the thickness of 3cm lower than the inter-seedling belt to form a planting ditch;
placing Chinese wolfberry seedlings in the seedling belt ditch according to the shape of Chinese character 'ji' and the plant spacing of 0.8m, and covering soil;
fifthly, water and fertilizer management:
irrigation: after planting the medlar, the seedling zone is permeated with water by a small white dragon irrigation, and then irrigation is carried out for 3 times every year, wherein the irrigation is based on the soil body permeating the seedling zone;
topdressing: the Chinese wolfberry is planted without topdressing in the current year, compound fertilizers are topdressed in the vegetative growth period of the Chinese wolfberry according to the application amount of 80kg/ha from the second year, the compound fertilizers are topdressed in the reproductive growth period according to the application amount of 100kg/ha, topdressing is not performed in the later period of fruit setting, and organic fertilizers (N, P, K total content is more than 5 percent) are topdressed in the application amount of 3t/ha before sealing and freezing in autumn every year;
sixthly, shaping and trimming:
the trunk fixation is completed in the current year, and the auxiliary culture branches are reserved; selecting 1-3 robust sprouting branch short sections from branches sent out from the base in the previous year in the second year, taking the robust sprouting branch short sections and the main trunk branches as main trunk branches, and inserting 3-4 robust branch short sections on the main trunk branches at intervals of 20-30 cm from the ground by 50cm in different directions to serve as skeleton branches; in the third year, various levels of bone trunk branches and fruiting mother branches can be inserted and selected according to different directions, and 2-4 trunks can be formed through shaping for two to three years, wherein the trunk branches are clear, the fruiting branches are uniformly distributed, and the tree shape is good in ventilation and light transmission;
and pruning after the fourth year is carried out on the basis of utilizing a pruning technology combining short pruning and reforming the whole plant shape. Including spring pruning and summer pruning.
Aiming at the cultivation of hedgerow type Chinese wolfberry seedling zones, Chinese wolfberry hedgerows with developed branches are formed in the seedling zones after 5 years, and the canopy density of the seedling zones reaches 95%.
Seventhly, preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds:
disease: spraying lime sulphur mixture once every spring.
Soil insects: toxic soil is adopted to be matched with organic fertilizer for application.
Aboveground pests: spraying 1000-2000 times of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable solution on plants by using a sprayer.
Weeding in the field: mechanical intertillage weeding is carried out for 2-3 times every year.
Eighthly, picking fruits:
the fruits are manually picked from the second year after planting in the last 7 to the last 10 months.
The pH value of 0-20 cm soil is reduced to 9.04 after 7 years of planting of the medlar in the experiment, and the desalination rate reaches 35.8%.
Experiment two:
the method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by the medlar ecological forest comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a land parcel:
selecting the soda saline-alkali soil of the big Baozi county in great Anhui city of Jilin province, wherein the pH value is 9.25, and the salt content is 0.3%;
secondly, deep loosening and soil preparation:
mechanically deep-loosening before planting Chinese wolfberry seedlings in spring, uniformly adopting an all-dimensional deep-loosening machine for deep-loosening operation, wherein the depth is 60cm, and soil preparation is carried out after deep loosening;
thirdly, ditching the seedling belt:
ditching the seedling belts according to the distance of 1.95 meters of the seedling belts, wherein the width and the depth of the ditches are 65cm and 80 cm;
fourthly, planting the medlar:
before planting Chinese wolfberry, firstly spreading a compound fertilizer (N, P, K, the total content of which is more than 40%) according to the application amount of 300kg/ha, and then spreading the compound fertilizer according to the application amount of 30m3Spreading decomposed farmyard manure in the seedling belt ditch uniformly according to the application amount of the/ha, and then covering soil with the thickness of 10 cm;
placing Chinese wolfberry seedlings in the seedling belt ditches according to a reversed-square shape with the plant spacing of 0.5m, covering soil, and forming planting ditches when the soil is 5cm lower than the inter-seedling belts;
fifthly, water and fertilizer management:
irrigation: directly irrigating the seedling zone with water after planting the medlar, then irrigating for 4 times every year, wherein the irrigation is based on the soil body of the seedling zone,
topdressing: the Chinese wolfberry is planted without topdressing in the current year, compound fertilizers are topdressed in the vegetative growth period of the Chinese wolfberry according to the application amount of 100kg/ha from the second year, the compound fertilizers are topdressed in the reproductive growth period according to the application amount of 160kg/ha, topdressing is not performed in the later period of fruit setting, and organic fertilizers (N, P, K total content is more than 5 percent) are topdressed in the application amount of 5t/ha before sealing and freezing in autumn every year;
sixthly, shaping and trimming:
the trunk fixation is completed in the current year, and the auxiliary culture branches are reserved; selecting 1-3 robust sprouting branch short sections from branches sent out from the base in the previous year in the second year, taking the robust sprouting branch short sections and the main trunk branches as main trunk branches, and inserting 3-4 robust branch short sections on the main trunk branches at intervals of 20-30 cm from the ground by 50cm in different directions to serve as skeleton branches; in the third year, various levels of bone trunk branches and fruiting mother branches can be inserted and selected according to different directions, and 2-4 trunks can be formed through shaping for two to three years, wherein the trunk branches are clear, the fruiting branches are uniformly distributed, and the tree shape is good in ventilation and light transmission;
aiming at the cultivation of hedgerow type Chinese wolfberry seedling zones, Chinese wolfberry hedgerows with developed branches are formed in the seedling zones after 5 years, and the canopy density of the seedling zones reaches 97 percent.
Seventhly, preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds:
disease: spraying lime sulphur mixture once every spring;
soil insects: toxic soil is adopted to be matched with organic fertilizer for application;
aboveground pests: biological control is adopted, and 1000-2000 times of 40% dimethoate missible oil can be used for spraying on plants by a sprayer;
weeding in the field: mechanical intertillage weeding is carried out for 2-3 times every year.
Eighthly, picking fruits:
manually picking fruits from the second year after planting the medlar in the last 7 to 10 months.
After 5 years of planting, the pH value of 0-20 cm soil is reduced to 8.65, and the salt rejection rate reaches 25.9%.
Claims (10)
1. The method for improving the soda saline-alkali soil by the ecological medlar forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, selecting a land parcel:
selecting a soda saline-alkali soil with pH of less than 9.5;
secondly, deep loosening and soil preparation:
mechanically deep-loosening before sealing and freezing or before planting the Chinese wolfberry seedlings in spring, wherein the depth is 40-60 cm, and soil preparation is carried out after deep loosening;
thirdly, ditching the seedling belt:
ditching the seedling belts according to the distance between the seedling belts being 1.95-2.6 m, wherein the width of the ditches is 40-65 cm, and the depth of the ditches is 60-80 cm;
fourthly, planting the medlar:
before planting the medlar, firstly, applying a compound fertilizer according to the application amount of 200-300 kg/ha, and then, applying the compound fertilizer according to the application amount of 20-30 m3Uniformly spreading decomposed farmyard manure in the seedling belt ditch at the application amount of the/ha, and then covering soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm;
placing Chinese wolfberry seedlings in the groove of the seedling belt according to a zigzag shape with the plant spacing of 0.5-0.8 m, covering soil, and forming a planting groove with the soil being 3-5 cm lower than the inter-seedling belt;
fifthly, water and fertilizer management:
irrigation: after the medlar is planted, the seedling zone is irrigated with water for 3-4 times every year, and the irrigation is based on the soil body permeating the seedling zone;
topdressing: topdressing is not carried out on the planted medlar in the current year, compound fertilizers are topdressed in the nutrition growth period of the medlar according to the application amount of 50-100 kg/ha in the second year, the compound fertilizers are topdressed in the reproduction growth period according to the application amount of 80-160 kg/ha, topdressing is not carried out in the later fruit setting period, and organic fertilizers are topdressed according to the application amount of 3-5 t/ha before sealing and freezing in autumn every year;
sixthly, shaping and trimming:
the trunk fixation is completed in the current year, and the auxiliary culture branches are reserved; selecting 1-3 robust sprouting branch short sections from branches sent out from the base in the previous year in the second year, taking the robust sprouting branch short sections and the main trunk branches as main trunk branches, and inserting 3-4 robust branch short sections on the main trunk branches at intervals of 20-30 cm from the ground by 50cm in different directions to serve as skeleton branches; in the third year, various levels of bone trunk branches and fruiting mother branches can be inserted and selected according to different directions, and 2-4 trunks can be formed through shaping for two to three years, wherein the trunk branches are clear, the fruiting branches are uniformly distributed, and the tree shape is good in ventilation and light transmission;
seventhly, preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds;
and eighthly, picking fruits.
2. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by medlar ecological forest according to claim 1, characterized in that the diseases, pests and weeds in the step seven are controlled as follows:
disease: spraying lime sulphur mixture once every spring;
soil insects: toxic soil is adopted to be matched with organic fertilizer for application;
aboveground pests: biological control is adopted, and 1000-2000 times of 40% dimethoate missible oil can be used for spraying on plants by a sprayer;
weeding in the field: mechanical intertillage weeding is carried out for 2-3 times every year.
3. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by medlar ecological forest according to claim 1, characterized in that the fruit picking time is from the second year after medlar planting to the first ten days of 10 months each year.
4. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by medlar ecological forest according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth in the second step is 50 cm.
5. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by the medlar ecological forest according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the ditch in the third step is 45-60 cm, and the depth is 65-75 cm.
6. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by medlar ecological forest according to claim 1, characterized in that the ditch in the third step is 50cm wide and 70cm deep.
7. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by medlar ecological forest according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fourth step, compound fertilizer is firstly broadcast according to the application amount of 250kg/ha before medlar is planted.
8. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil of medlar ecological forest according to claim 1, characterized in that the step four is carried out according to the length of 25m3The application amount of the fertilizer/ha is uniform, and the decomposed farmyard manure is spread in the seedling belt ditch.
9. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by medlar ecological forest according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fifth step, compound fertilizer is applied according to the application amount of 80kg/ha in the medlar vegetative growth period.
10. The method for improving soda saline-alkali soil by the medlar ecological forest according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fifth step, compound fertilizer is applied according to the application amount of 100kg/ha in the reproductive growth period, no additional fertilizer is applied in the later period of fruit setting, and organic fertilizer is applied according to the application amount of 4t/ha before sealing and freezing in autumn every year.
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