CN107155791A - A kind of greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing - Google Patents
A kind of greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107155791A CN107155791A CN201710528920.4A CN201710528920A CN107155791A CN 107155791 A CN107155791 A CN 107155791A CN 201710528920 A CN201710528920 A CN 201710528920A CN 107155791 A CN107155791 A CN 107155791A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing, comprise the following steps:(1) soil improvement;(2) Tree Species Selection;(3) landform is handled;(4) trees are colonized;(5) virescence maintenance.The present invention is separated by the gap of stalk, has been effectively blocked the saline and alkaline reverse osmosis of deep layer, has been reduced soil salinity and alkalinity, trees can preferably be grown, has increased coastal area landscape.Also, by migrating the steps such as former alkaline earth, stalks mulching, root system of plant improvement, compared with prior art, add the depth of alkali soil improvement so that the plant of deep root system and not saline alkali tolerant plant can be grown in salt-soda soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to garden afforestation technology field, and in particular to a kind of greening cultivation of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing
Method.
Background technology
The estuary area of China, particularly Yangtze River Delta'Area, are typical great river estuary impact Plains, and upper river has
The continuous sedimentation (or relative settlement) of the sediment supply and accumulation Crust that continue and enrich is the necessary condition that it is formed.It is long
Tessellated region determines that the appearance of river mouth salinization soil, particularly Shanghai are worshipped due to the growth course and sedimentary characteristic of history
The Nantong on bright island and Jiangsu, Qidong, Haimen, the band of Yancheng one, are dispersed with the salt marsh mud band and marine solonchak band of large area, wherein
Marine solonchak band is constantly impacted and slacking due to silt, soil property clear layer, is commonly called as " foretelling page soil ".
In order to be able to which the marine solonchak band for making this piece wide becomes Green Homeland, in the last hundred years, the people of life herein are led to
Climacteric symptoms are crossed, the various methods such as salt discharge is washed and actively improves saline-alkali soil, these methods are within the regular hour for soil salt
Alkali control effect is obvious.Yet with the saline and alkaline soil surface lower floor in beach, when illumination is strong, soil water evaporation amount meeting
Become big, when evaporation capacity is more than milliosmolarity under rainfall and underground water, in deep soil contained salinity and alkali point due to underground water by
Evaporation is introduced on the ground by soil capillarity.Final salinity and moisture, which are stayed in top or building, to be tied
The anti-salt of soil that crystalline substance, i.e. people are generally said.The sodium ion of salinity and alkali point containing strong basicity, it is totally unfavorable to plant growth, when
When it rises to table soil, plant just can not grow, and often result in great agricultural losses.Therefore, marine solonchak it is anti-it is saline and alkaline be shore
The problem that must be faced during sea salt alkali soil improvement.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention:The purpose of the present invention is that can there be one kind of proposition on the basis of existing coastal saline soil is improved
The greening cultivation technique of the three-dimensional dense planting of all standing of the effect control saline and alkaline reverse osmosis in salt-soda soil.
Technical scheme:Because the essence of the anti-salt of coastal saline-alkali is under sunlight irradiation, contained salinity and alkali in deep soil
Divide because underground water is introduced on the ground by evaporation by soil capillarity.Therefore, the problem of solving anti-salt is just
Illumination and evaporation problems must be solved, therefore it is contemplated that a kind of scheme, this scheme is on the basis of original greening improvement
Soil evaporation, enhancing soil moisture and fertility can be fundamentally reduced, can be dropped again while photosynthesis of plant is not influenceed
The intensity of illumination and light application time of low soil, therefore a kind of it is proposed that greening cultivation technique of salt-soda soil all standing solid dense planting
To reach above-mentioned purpose.A kind of greening cultivation technique of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing of the present invention specifically includes as follows
Step:
(1) soil improvement
Landform smooth first, cuts out 15cm~20cm saline and alkaline soil layer, and it is thick that the surface of soil then is laid into 15~20cm
Stalk, then transport local saline and alkaline pH value be less than 3 soil property, be covered in stalk surface 30cm, by 1 year time carry out from
So fermentation is decomposed, and complete microbiologic population is formed, to reach the environment of plant growth;
(2) Tree Species Selection
The principle for selecting evergreen, fallen leaves, arbor, shrub and ground to be combined, based on the seeds of native country, is suitably introduced external
Salt resistance alkali seeds:Plant has the shrub of certain salt resistance ability, and such as prunus cerasifera, Ligustrum vicaryi, perennial herb have the kite that piece is planted
Tail etc., the arbor species such as tall and big willow, willow, the bark of eucommia and palm;
(3) landform is handled
During planting, make appropriate landform processing, form the mound that many height are not waited, shape differs, will not salt tolerant
Flowers and trees be planted in upward slope position or slope top, such as wide yulan, five-leaved pine, deodar, camellia, Mao Juan, gardenia, such subenvironment
Salt content is relatively low, is easy to plant growth;
(4) trees are colonized
The seeds that screening Same Latitude grows herein, in Winter-Spring, season in late fall, rainy season is successively to arbor, shrub and ground quilt
Be colonized, plant be designed according to the pattern of Natural plant community, it is evergreen with fallen leaves, arbor and shrub, completely spread, enter
Row reasonable disposition, builds multi-level plants landscape;
(5) virescence maintenance
Contain saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, one is to apply base manure, the acid strong fertilizer of selection
Make base manure, base manure is administered alone in the flowers and trees such as camellia, five-leaved pine, gardenia, Mao Juan, Chinese holly, sweet osmanthus to liking acid soil, spring;
Two be annual secondary administration composite fertilizer, respectively spring and autumn, and being aided with dregs of beans with composite fertilizer carries out mixing fertilising;Three be with " unrestrained
Filling formula " is watered, and contains saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, in rainfall summer on the low side, late autumn and winter
Season, at regular intervals the time use broad irrigation greenery patches, be conducive to suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, keep the less salt ring on flowers and trees root system periphery
Border, is conducive to flowers and trees to spend soil salt content highest season in 1 year safely, meets withered trees, to be mended in good time
Plant, it is to avoid saline and alkaline reverse osmosis, the survival rate of the overall trees of influence.
It is used as optimization:The specific weight item ratio of the base manure is:70% cow dung, 20% dregs of beans, 10% rapeseed meal.
It is used as optimization:The specific weight item of the composite fertilizer is:50% nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium NPK and 50%
Organic fertilizer, and a small amount of ferrous sulfate.
Beneficial effect:The present invention uses the afforestation mode of dense planting in greening, and planting density is big, and the canopy density in greenery patches are most
More than 0.7, such green amount covering can greatly reduce the transpiration of upper soll layer moisture content, and then reduce the strong of the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil
Degree, particularly the accumulation of salt in the surface soil weight late autumn and winter this mode it is highly effective.
Beneficial effect is embodied in:
1. reduce soil water evaporation, enhancing soil moisture and fertility, again can while photosynthesis of plant is not influenceed,
Reduce the intensity of illumination and light application time suffered by soil.
2. being separated by the gap of stalk, the saline and alkaline reverse osmosis of deep layer is effectively blocked, soil salinity and alkalinity is reduced, allowed tree
Wood can preferably grow, and increase coastal area landscape.
After 3. sunlight irradiation is reduced, contained salinity and alkali point by evaporation are passed through soil due to underground water in deep soil
Capillarity and the process that is introduced to ground are substantially reduced.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
Specific embodiment one:
A kind of greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing, comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement
Landform smooth first, cuts out 15cm saline and alkaline soil layer, the surface of soil then is laid into the thick stalks of 15cm, then transport
Defeated local saline and alkaline pH value is less than 3 soil property, is covered in stalk surface 30cm, and spontaneous fermentation decomposition is carried out by the time of 1 year,
Complete microbiologic population is formed, to reach the environment of plant growth;
(2) Tree Species Selection
The principle for selecting evergreen, fallen leaves, arbor, shrub and ground to be combined, based on the seeds of native country, is suitably introduced external
Salt resistance alkali seeds:Plant has the shrub of certain salt resistance ability, and such as prunus cerasifera, Ligustrum vicaryi, perennial herb have the kite that piece is planted
Tail etc., the arbor species such as tall and big willow, willow, the bark of eucommia and palm;
(3) landform is handled
During planting, make appropriate landform processing, form the mound that many height are not waited, shape differs, will not salt tolerant
Flowers and trees be planted in upward slope position or slope top, such as wide yulan, five-leaved pine, deodar, camellia, Mao Juan, gardenia, such subenvironment
Salt content is relatively low, is easy to plant growth;
(4) trees are colonized
The seeds that screening Same Latitude grows herein, in Winter-Spring, season in late fall, rainy season is successively to arbor, shrub and ground quilt
Be colonized, plant be designed according to the pattern of Natural plant community, it is evergreen with fallen leaves, arbor and shrub, completely spread, enter
Row reasonable disposition, builds multi-level plants landscape;
(5) virescence maintenance
Contain saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, one is to apply base manure, the acid strong fertilizer of selection
Make base manure, base manure is administered alone in the flowers and trees such as camellia, five-leaved pine, gardenia, Mao Juan, Chinese holly, sweet osmanthus to liking acid soil, spring;
Two be annual secondary administration composite fertilizer, respectively spring and autumn, and being aided with dregs of beans with composite fertilizer carries out mixing fertilising;Three be with " unrestrained
Filling formula " is watered, and contains saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, in rainfall summer on the low side, late autumn and winter
Season, at regular intervals the time use broad irrigation greenery patches, be conducive to suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, keep the less salt ring on flowers and trees root system periphery
Border, is conducive to flowers and trees to spend soil salt content highest season in 1 year safely, meets withered trees, to be mended in good time
Plant, it is to avoid saline and alkaline reverse osmosis, the survival rate of the overall trees of influence.
It is used as optimization:The specific weight item ratio of the base manure is:70% cow dung, 20% dregs of beans, 10% rapeseed meal.
It is used as optimization:The specific weight item of the composite fertilizer is:50% nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium NPK and 50%
Organic fertilizer, and a small amount of ferrous sulfate.
Specific embodiment two:
A kind of greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing, comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement
Landform smooth first, cuts out 20cm saline and alkaline soil layer, the surface of soil then is laid into the thick stalks of 20cm, then transport
Defeated local saline and alkaline pH value is less than 3 soil property, is covered in stalk surface 30cm, and spontaneous fermentation decomposition is carried out by the time of 1 year,
Complete microbiologic population is formed, to reach the environment of plant growth;
(2) Tree Species Selection
The principle for selecting evergreen, fallen leaves, arbor, shrub and ground to be combined, based on the seeds of native country, is suitably introduced external
Salt resistance alkali seeds:Plant has the shrub of certain salt resistance ability, and such as prunus cerasifera, Ligustrum vicaryi, perennial herb have the kite that piece is planted
Tail etc., the arbor species such as tall and big willow, willow, the bark of eucommia and palm;
(3) landform is handled
During planting, make appropriate landform processing, form the mound that many height are not waited, shape differs, will not salt tolerant
Flowers and trees be planted in upward slope position or slope top, such as wide yulan, five-leaved pine, deodar, camellia, Mao Juan, gardenia, such subenvironment
Salt content is relatively low, is easy to plant growth;
(4) trees are colonized
The seeds that screening Same Latitude grows herein, in Winter-Spring, season in late fall, rainy season is successively to arbor, shrub and ground quilt
Be colonized, plant be designed according to the pattern of Natural plant community, it is evergreen with fallen leaves, arbor and shrub, completely spread, enter
Row reasonable disposition, builds multi-level plants landscape;
(5) virescence maintenance
Contain saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, one is to apply base manure, the acid strong fertilizer of selection
Make base manure, base manure is administered alone in the flowers and trees such as camellia, five-leaved pine, gardenia, Mao Juan, Chinese holly, sweet osmanthus to liking acid soil, spring;
Two be annual secondary administration composite fertilizer, respectively spring and autumn, and being aided with dregs of beans with composite fertilizer carries out mixing fertilising;Three be with " unrestrained
Filling formula " is watered, and contains saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, in rainfall summer on the low side, late autumn and winter
Season, at regular intervals the time use broad irrigation greenery patches, be conducive to suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, keep the less salt ring on flowers and trees root system periphery
Border, is conducive to flowers and trees to spend soil salt content highest season in 1 year safely, meets withered trees, to be mended in good time
Plant, it is to avoid saline and alkaline reverse osmosis, the survival rate of the overall trees of influence.
It is used as optimization:The specific weight item ratio of the base manure is:70% cow dung, 20% dregs of beans, 10% rapeseed meal.
It is used as optimization:The specific weight item of the composite fertilizer is:50% nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium NPK and 50%
Organic fertilizer, and a small amount of ferrous sulfate.
Specific embodiment three:
A kind of greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing, comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement
Landform smooth first, cuts out 18cm saline and alkaline soil layer, the surface of soil then is laid into the thick stalks of 18cm, then transport
Defeated local saline and alkaline pH value is less than 3 soil property, is covered in stalk surface 30cm, and spontaneous fermentation decomposition is carried out by the time of 1 year,
Complete microbiologic population is formed, to reach the environment of plant growth;
(2) Tree Species Selection
The principle for selecting evergreen, fallen leaves, arbor, shrub and ground to be combined, based on the seeds of native country, is suitably introduced external
Salt resistance alkali seeds:Plant has the shrub of certain salt resistance ability, and such as prunus cerasifera, Ligustrum vicaryi, perennial herb have the kite that piece is planted
Tail etc., the arbor species such as tall and big willow, willow, the bark of eucommia and palm;
(3) landform is handled
During planting, make appropriate landform processing, form the mound that many height are not waited, shape differs, will not salt tolerant
Flowers and trees be planted in upward slope position or slope top, such as wide yulan, five-leaved pine, deodar, camellia, Mao Juan, gardenia, such subenvironment
Salt content is relatively low, is easy to plant growth;
(4) trees are colonized
The seeds that screening Same Latitude grows herein, in Winter-Spring, season in late fall, rainy season is successively to arbor, shrub and ground quilt
Be colonized, plant be designed according to the pattern of Natural plant community, it is evergreen with fallen leaves, arbor and shrub, completely spread, enter
Row reasonable disposition, builds multi-level plants landscape;
(5) virescence maintenance
Contain saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, one is to apply base manure, the acid strong fertilizer of selection
Make base manure, base manure is administered alone in the flowers and trees such as camellia, five-leaved pine, gardenia, Mao Juan, Chinese holly, sweet osmanthus to liking acid soil, spring;
Two be annual secondary administration composite fertilizer, respectively spring and autumn, and being aided with dregs of beans with composite fertilizer carries out mixing fertilising;Three be with " unrestrained
Filling formula " is watered, and contains saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, in rainfall summer on the low side, late autumn and winter
Season, at regular intervals the time use broad irrigation greenery patches, be conducive to suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, keep the less salt ring on flowers and trees root system periphery
Border, is conducive to flowers and trees to spend soil salt content highest season in 1 year safely, meets withered trees, to be mended in good time
Plant, it is to avoid saline and alkaline reverse osmosis, the survival rate of the overall trees of influence.
It is used as optimization:The specific weight item ratio of the base manure is:70% cow dung, 20% dregs of beans, 10% rapeseed meal.
It is used as optimization:The specific weight item of the composite fertilizer is:50% nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium NPK and 50%
Organic fertilizer, and a small amount of ferrous sulfate.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, and anyone can show that other are various under the enlightenment of the present invention
The product of form, however, make any change in its shape or structure, it is every that there is skill identical or similar to the present application
Art scheme, is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
(1) soil improvement
Landform smooth first, cuts out 15cm~20cm saline and alkaline soil layer, and the surface of soil then is laid into the thick straw of 15~20cm
Stalk, then the soil property that local saline and alkaline pH value is less than 3 is transported, stalk surface 30cm is covered in, nature hair is carried out by the time of 1 year
Ferment is decomposed, and complete microbiologic population is formed, to reach the environment of plant growth;
(2) Tree Species Selection
The principle for selecting evergreen, fallen leaves, arbor, shrub and ground to be combined, based on the seeds of native country, suitably introduces external salt resistance
Alkali seeds:Plant has the shrub of certain salt resistance ability, such as prunus cerasifera, Ligustrum vicaryi, and perennial herb has iris of piece plant etc.,
The arbor species such as tall and big willow, willow, the bark of eucommia and palm;
(3) landform is handled
During planting, make appropriate landform processing, the mound that many height are not waited, shape differs is formed, by the flower of not salt tolerant
Wood is planted in upward slope position or slope top, such as wide yulan, five-leaved pine, deodar, camellia, Mao Juan, gardenia, such subenvironment saliferous
Amount is relatively low, is easy to plant growth;
(4) trees are colonized
The seeds that screening Same Latitude grows herein, in Winter-Spring, season in late fall, rainy season is carried out to arbor, shrub and ground successively
Field planting, plant is designed according to the pattern of Natural plant community, it is evergreen with falling leaves, arbor and shrub, completely spread, closed
Reason configuration, builds multi-level plants landscape;
(5) virescence maintenance
Contain saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, one is to apply base manure, the acid strong fertilizer of selection makees base
Fertilizer, to flowers and trees such as camellia, five-leaved pine, gardenia, Mao Juan, Chinese holly, the sweet osmanthus of happiness acid soil, base manure is administered alone in spring;Two are
Annual secondary administration composite fertilizer, respectively spring and autumn, is aided with dregs of beans with composite fertilizer and carries out mixing fertilising;Three be to use " flood irrigation formula "
Water, contain saline and alkaline annual variation law containing saline and alkaline and soil for soil, in rainfall summer on the low side, late autumn and winter, press
The certain intervals time uses broad irrigation greenery patches, is conducive to suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, keeps the low-salt environment on flowers and trees root system periphery, favorably
Soil salt content highest season in 1 year is spent safely in flowers and trees, withered trees are met, and to carry out in good time after-culture, it is to avoid salt
Alkali reverse osmosis, the survival rate of the overall trees of influence.
2. the greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The base
Fertilizer specific weight item ratio be:70% cow dung, 20% dregs of beans, 10% rapeseed meal.
3. the greening cultural method of the three-dimensional dense planting of salt-soda soil all standing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described multiple
The specific weight item in Hefei is:50% nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium NPK and 50% organic fertilizer, and a small amount of sulfuric acid are sub-
Iron.
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Cited By (5)
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CN109601235A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-12 | 岭南生态文旅股份有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali tolerant radix saposhnikoviae Landscape Forest of Coastal Areas of South China |
CN109673195A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-26 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A method of for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem |
CN110235735A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-17 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of coastal region moderate saline-alkali soil DETERIORATED FOREST after-culture remodeling method |
CN110463395A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-19 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of soil of greenbelt modification method suitable for the Northwest city built environment |
CN111587744A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 苏州大学 | Flower environment construction and maintenance method suitable for saline-alkali soil in east China |
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CN110235735A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-17 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of coastal region moderate saline-alkali soil DETERIORATED FOREST after-culture remodeling method |
CN109673195A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-26 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A method of for muddy coast saline land greening and restoration of the ecosystem |
CN109601235A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-12 | 岭南生态文旅股份有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali tolerant radix saposhnikoviae Landscape Forest of Coastal Areas of South China |
CN110463395A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-19 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of soil of greenbelt modification method suitable for the Northwest city built environment |
CN111587744A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-28 | 苏州大学 | Flower environment construction and maintenance method suitable for saline-alkali soil in east China |
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