CN104956140B - 给燃料罐填充液化气的方法以及液化气燃料*** - Google Patents

给燃料罐填充液化气的方法以及液化气燃料*** Download PDF

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CN104956140B
CN104956140B CN201280077573.3A CN201280077573A CN104956140B CN 104956140 B CN104956140 B CN 104956140B CN 201280077573 A CN201280077573 A CN 201280077573A CN 104956140 B CN104956140 B CN 104956140B
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fuel tank
gas
liquefied gas
pressure
stage
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CN104956140A (zh
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M·杨松
S·卡尔森
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/01—Arrangement of fuel conduits
    • B60K15/013—Arrangement of fuel conduits of gas conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F17C5/04—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03019—Filling of gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03309—Tanks specially adapted for particular fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及给燃料罐(12)填充液化气的方法，在该方法中，液化气被引入所述燃料罐以使得液化气被引入到所述燃料罐中的液化气表面下方的、所述燃料罐的下部(12.1)，并且在填充过程的第一阶段期间，在液化气被引入到所述燃料罐的下部的同时，通过将液化气喷洒在所述燃料罐中的液化气表面上方的、所述燃料罐的上部(12.2)的气体空间中，所述燃料罐的压力被保持为低于预定的设定压力。在该方法中，在填充过程的预定状态，所述填充过程的第二阶段开启，在所述填充过程的第二阶段期间，减少向所述燃料罐的上部(12.2)的气体空间中喷洒液化气，并且执行所述第二阶段直至所述燃料罐的预定的填充阶段达到燃料(14.1)。

Description

给燃料罐填充液化气的方法以及液化气燃料***
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的给燃料罐填充液化气。
本发明还涉及液化气燃料***。
背景技术
对于轮船和其它海上船舶的原动机和辅助发动机而言，气体燃料成为越来越有吸引力的燃料。尤其是但不仅仅是天然气(NG)由于其可得性而切实可行。天然气是周围环境中的一种气态混合物，主要包括甲烷和少量的乙烷、丙烷、丁烷和氮。它相对于煤具有高的氢含量，因此当燃烧时，它提供了特别少量的排放物等、非常清洁的燃烧过程以及基本无污染。尤其是在乘客位于船上的游船、摆渡船和所谓的客滚船(Ropax vessels)上，轮船发动机的废气中没有煤灰排放物和可见烟雾是非常重要的特征，这通过利用天然气作为燃料用于发动机而且还用于承载货物和松散物料的船得以促进。通常天然气在约-162℃的温度下作为液化天然气(LNG)储存，从而储存会带来一些问题，尤其是当LNG在约5巴的高压下储存时，该压力通常是气体操作活塞发动机所需的水平。
当装填即填充以LNG为燃料的船的燃料仓时，通常需要降低船的LNG罐内部的压力以便于液化气从储存罐流到船的LNG罐，以在船的罐内具有与储存罐即LNG仓罐中的压力相比足够小/低的反压。压力的降低可以通过从罐的顶部喷洒冷却的LNG来实现，从而冷却气相的气体，降低压力。
但是，填充燃料后，压力必须再次重建以具有足够的气体压力，用于在适当的压力下将气体供送到船的发动机。在现有技术的***中，通过加热LNG并且凭借所谓的压力构建回路在罐的顶部返回气体来重建压力。
如果船的发动机未运行或仅仅空转，在填充燃料后仅具有有限的热量可以利用。这意味着压力的构建需耗费较长的时间。
在WO2011053164A1中示出了用于轮船推进器的至少一种气体发动机的LNG燃料罐***，该LNG燃料罐***包括至少一个LNG燃料罐和一个气体容器，所述LNG燃料罐利用LNG填充管线从一个岸上LNG压力罐填充设备进行填充，其中LNG燃料罐是轮船的低压控制大气压力LNG罐，并且所述气体容器是单壳体非绝缘压力容器，其布置成分别在填充LNG以及给LNG燃料罐释放压力期间聚集闪发气体和蒸发气体。所述气体发动机从气体容器或LNG燃料罐填充燃料，取决于预定的气体容器的压力。因此，公开文本显示在通过连接在LNG燃料罐和气体容器之间的压缩机将LNG燃料罐中的压力保持得比较低的同时，在LNG填充期间聚集闪发气体和蒸发气体。为船的气体发动机供给燃料，使得来自气体容器的气体被利用，直到压力接近约5-6巴，之后从LNG燃料罐供应燃料生效。
尽管WO2011053164A1中示出的燃料***如此地有利，但是最近出现了提供其它的用以填充轮船中的LNG燃料罐方案的需求，尤其是在船的LNG罐是压力容器的情况下。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种给燃料罐填充液化气的方法，以及液化气***，其提供了气体作为燃料用于海上船的气体操作活塞发动机的更简单的操作和更直接的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的基本上由独立权利要求中公开的内容实现。其它权利要求给出了本发明的不同实施方式的更多细节。
根据本发明，燃料罐通过填充过程填充以液化气，以使得液化气被引入燃料罐以使得液化气被引入到燃料罐中的液化气的表面下方的、燃料罐的下部，并且在填充过程的第一阶段期间，在液化气被引入到燃料罐的下方的同时，通过将液化气喷洒在燃料罐中的液化气的表面上方的、燃料罐的上部的气体空间中，燃料罐的压力被保持为低于预定的设定压力。在该方法中，在填充过程的预定状态，所述填充过程的第二阶段开启，在所述填充过程的第二阶段期间，减少向燃料罐的上部的气体空间中喷洒液化气，并且执行所述第二阶段直至达到燃料罐的预定的填充阶段。
根据本发明的一实施方式，在第二阶段的末端，气体压力处于连接到燃料罐的气体利用发动机所需要的水平。
根据本发明的一实施方式，在填充过程的预定阶段之后，执行向燃料罐的上部的气体空间中喷洒液化气的控制，从而将第二预定的设定压力设定为对应于船的发动机所需的气体供送压力，以用于控制。
根据本发明的一实施方式，在填充过程的第一阶段期间引入燃料罐的液化气的一部分被喷洒在燃料罐中的液化气的表面上方、燃料罐的上部的气体空间中。
根据本发明的一实施方式，在第一阶段期间喷洒在燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的那部分液化气被设定为引入燃料罐中的液化气的恒定部分。
根据本发明的一实施方式，在第一阶段期间将液化气喷洒在所述燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的速度度被控制，以使得燃料罐中的实际气体压力具有减小的趋势，直至所述填充过程的预定状态。
根据本发明的一实施方式，在填充过程期间喷洒在燃料罐中的液化气的表面上方的、燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的液化气从燃料罐的下部再循环。
根据本发明的一实施方式，根据燃料罐中的实际气体压力与预定的设定压力之间的差值，控制将液化气喷洒在燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的速度。
根据本发明的一实施方式，在第二阶段期间将液化气喷洒在燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的速度被完全停止。
根据本发明的一实施方式，在所述方法中，预定状态被限定为使得第二阶段的持续时间被最小化。
燃料罐中低的反压允许更快速地填充，并且罐的操作压力在填充后被立即保持而对压力构建***具有最小的需求。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，一种用于气体操作发动机的液化气燃料***包括：与至少一个气体操作发动机连接的燃料罐；包括入口连接器的燃料管线，液化气的外部源能够暂时地连接于该入口连接器，供应管线具有至少两个分支，其中的第一分支延伸到燃料罐以及所述第一分支的出口位于所述燃料罐的底部附近，并且第二分支延伸到燃料罐，所述第二分支的出口包括多个喷洒喷嘴；以及控制单元，其中所述控制单元被布置成执行根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法。
附图说明
下面将参照所附的示意性附图描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的一实施方式的燃料供应***；以及
图2示出了根据本发明的填充过程期间的压力图表。
具体实施方式
图1描述了根据本发明的一实施方式的燃料***10。所述燃料***包括与船16的至少一个气体操作发动机14连接的燃料罐12，以使得所述发动机可以利用存储在燃料罐中的气体操作。所述气体(尤其是液化天然气)在相当低的温度下储存在罐12中，典型地在被描述为低温状态的大约-162℃的温度下。通常，气体填充罐，以使气体的一部分为位于罐底部12.1处的液化气，以及气体的一部分为位于上部12.2(即，罐的在气体的液态部分上方的气体空间)处的气态气体。罐12包括绝热层(未示出)以避免罐装置中的LNG的过度升温。
在该示意性实施方式中，罐通过燃料管道18与发动机14连接。所述燃料管道设有蒸发器20，通过该蒸发器根据需求在供应到发动机之前蒸发液化气。该蒸发器被称为主蒸发器，因为在发动机操作期间发动机中燃烧的气体是从罐12中的液化气连续地蒸发。罐12还设有压力构建***22，通过该压力构建***罐12中的压力可被保持在一水平，该水平使得即使在没有机械泵送的情况下也能够在所需的供应压力下将燃料输送到发动机。压力构建***22包括从罐的底部引导至罐12的上部的一个管道22.1以及布置于该管道的蒸发器22.2。在压力构建***操作期间，液化气在该蒸发器中被转变为气态形式并且被引导至罐的上部。蒸发过程增加了罐中的压力。压力由与控制单元54连接的传感器56检测。管道22.1布置有阀50，通过该阀，管道中气体的流速可以被控制。阀的操作由布置为控制燃料***10的控制单元54控制。
由于发动机消耗气体，所以必须不定期地给罐填充液化气。为了填充罐，也被称为装填燃料，罐12设有填充***24。所述填充***包括具有入口连接器28的供应管线26，液化气的外部源30可以暂时连接在入口连接器28中以装填燃料。供应管线具有至少两个分支，第一个分支延伸到罐12并且具有出口34，出口34位于罐的底部附近。因此，供应管线的第一分支32通向罐12中的液化气表面下方。第二分支36也延伸到罐12，但是具有位于罐的顶部附近的出口38，出口38通入气态气体的空间中。出口38包括多个喷洒喷嘴40，这使得当液态气体通过喷嘴被引入罐中时液态气体雾化变小。
当填充罐时，液化气的外部源30连接到连接器28以执行任何预备动作。罐12中的压力被减小至低于源30中的压力的水平，以使液化气可以流动进入罐12。外部源中的压力可以通过传感器58测量。填充罐期间，燃料从罐12向发动机14的输送被停止，并且发动机可以停止或利用其它可能的燃料源操作。
现在，液体状态的燃料通过第一分支32被引入到在罐中液化气的表面下方的、罐的下部21.1。这使得液化气的表面上升并且罐的上部12.2的气体压力相应地增加。因此，在填充过程的第一阶段，当液化气被引入到罐的下部12.1，通过利用燃料供应管线26的第二分支36将液化气喷洒进入在罐中液化气的表面上方的、罐的上部中的气体空间12.2，罐中的压力被保持为低于预定的设定压力。液态气体的喷洒导致气体的快速蒸发并且需要热量，蒸发降低了温度并因此也相应地降低了气体的压力。喷洒操作由布置成控制燃料***10的控制单元54进行控制。
根据本发明，在填充过程的一预定状态，该过程的第二阶段被开启，在该第二阶段期间，减少或停止液化气向罐上部中的气体空间12.2的喷洒。这具有导致罐内压力增加的效果。
填充过程的第二阶段终止于罐的预定的填充状态，例如被填充满。有利地，第二阶段终止于整个填充过程的末端。并且，在第二阶段的末端，气体压力处于连接到罐的气体利用发动机所需的水平。
填充过程的预定状态可以是罐的预定填充水平、填充的预定经过时间或甚至剩余时间估算或距离罐填充满的剩余燃料量。
根据本发明的一实施方式，在填充过程的预定阶段之后，执行液化气向罐上部中的气体空间12.2的喷洒，以使得第二预定的设定压力被设定为对应于船的发动机14的所需的气体供应压力，并且气体的喷洒速度由控制单元控制。向气体空间12.2的喷洒包括进入罐的总燃料流动的所需部分。有利的是，喷洒是通过以开/闭方式操作第二分支36中的阀来控制。也可以通过喷嘴40引入所有的燃料。
在填充过程的第一阶段期间，罐中的压力被控制以使得进入罐的部分气体被喷洒入在罐中的液化气的表面上方的、罐上部的气体空间，从而罐中的压力被保持为低于预定的设定压力。
即使附图中未示出，在某些情况下可以预期，喷洒入在罐中的液化气的表面上方的、罐上部的气体空间中的液化气从罐下部再循环。
根据一实施方式，在填充过程的第二阶段，喷洒入罐的上部的气体空间中的气体部分被设定为引入罐的气体的恒定部分，第二分支36中的阀被设定至固定位置。这样，控制很简单并且合适的位置设定提供了喷洒液化气的足够高的流速，以在向罐12的下部12.1引入液化气时保持甚至减少压力。
当执行填充的有效控制时，液化气喷洒进入罐的上部的气体空间中的速度被控制，以使得罐中的实际气体压力具有减小的趋势直至填充过程的预定状态。
根据本发明的一实施方式，根据罐中的实际气体压力与预定的设定压力之间的差值来控制向罐的上部的气体空间的喷洒液化气的速度。
图2中示出了罐中的压力(竖直轴)作为时间或罐的填充状态(水平轴)的函数的图表。在填充过程的第一阶段A期间，罐中的压力在填充进行时具有减小的趋势。从填充过程的预定状态C开始，通过减少或停止向罐的上部的气体空间喷洒液化气，引起压力极其快速地升高。预定状态C之后，执行填充过程的第二阶段B，在所述第二阶段期间，压力显著增加直至达到罐的预定填充阶段。
应当注意，上面仅描述了本发明的几个最有利的实施方式。因而，显然本发明不限于上面描述的实施方式，而是可以在所附权利要求的范围内以很多方式实施。公开的与各个实施方式相关联的特征也可以在本发明范围内用于其它实施方式，和/或不同的组件可以由公开的特征组合得出，只要这可以预期并且技术上是可行的。

Claims (10)

1.一种给燃料罐(12)填充液化气的方法，在该方法中，液化气被引入所述燃料罐中以使得液化气被引入到位于所述燃料罐中的液化气的表面下方的、所述燃料罐的下部(12.1)，并且在填充过程的第一阶段期间，在液化气被引入到所述燃料罐的下部的同时，所述燃料罐的压力被保持为低于预定的设定压力，该方法的特征在于，通过将液化气喷洒在所述燃料罐中的液化气的表面上方的、所述燃料罐的上部(12.2)的气体空间中，所述燃料罐的压力被保持为低于预定的设定压力；在所述填充过程的预定阶段，所述填充过程的第二阶段开启，在所述填充过程的第二阶段期间，减少向所述燃料罐的上部(12.2)的气体空间中喷洒液化气并使得所述燃料罐中的压力增加；并且执行所述填充过程的第二阶段直至达到所述燃料罐的预定的填充阶段。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述第二阶段的末端，气体压力处于连接到所述燃料罐的气体利用发动机(14)所需要的水平。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述填充过程的预定阶段之后，执行对向所述燃料罐的上部的气体空间中喷洒液化气的控制，从而将第二预定的设定压力设定为对应于船的发动机所需的气体供送压力，以用于控制。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述填充过程的第一阶段期间引入所述燃料罐的液化气的一部分被喷洒在所述燃料罐中的液化气的表面上方的、所述燃料罐的上部的气体空间中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述第一阶段期间喷洒在所述燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的那部分液化气被设定为引入所述燃料罐中的液化气的恒定部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述第一阶段期间将液化气喷洒在所述燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的速度被控制，以使得所述燃料罐中的实际气体压力具有减小的趋势，直至所述填充过程的预定状态。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述填充过程期间喷洒在所述燃料罐的液化气的表面上方的、所述燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的液化气从所述燃料罐的下部再循环。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的方法，其中，根据所述燃料罐中的实际气体压力与所述预定的设定压力之间的差值，控制将液化气喷洒在所述燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的速度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述第二阶段期间将液化气喷洒在所述燃料罐的上部的气体空间中的速度被完全停止。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，在该方法中，所述预定状态被限定为使得所述第二阶段的持续时间被最小化。
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