CN104727906B - 用于车辆的排放气体净化*** - Google Patents

用于车辆的排放气体净化*** Download PDF

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CN104727906B
CN104727906B CN201410449722.5A CN201410449722A CN104727906B CN 104727906 B CN104727906 B CN 104727906B CN 201410449722 A CN201410449722 A CN 201410449722A CN 104727906 B CN104727906 B CN 104727906B
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cleaning
catalytic unit
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vehicle
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CN104727906A (zh
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韩坪铉
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
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    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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Abstract

一种用于车辆的排放气体净化***，可以包括三效催化器、SCR催化器、氧化催化器、后置氧传感器以及控制器，其中，来自发动机的排放气体被引入到所述三效催化器中；所述SCR催化器位于所述三效催化器的下游并且还原NOX；所述氧化催化器位于所述三效催化器的下游；所述后置氧传感器位于所述三效催化器之后；所述控制器接收来自后置氧传感器的信号并且控制催化器清理，其中，在跟随燃料切断的结束而启动所述催化器清理之后，在信号仍然显示稀薄状态的同时，所述控制器结束所述催化器清理。

Description

用于车辆的排放气体净化***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的排放气体净化***，更具体而言，涉及一种用于汽油车辆的排放气体净化***。
背景技术
使用汽油作为燃料的车辆一般设计为使用三效催化器来移除HC、CO和NOX，这些是在发动机的排放气体中的主要废弃污染物。然而，三效催化器仅在λ窗口内可以将全部三种主要废弃污染物净化到希望的水平，使得应当执行燃料-空气比的控制以便确保净化排放气体的性能，而这是很难的，其中该λ窗口是大约λ＝1的过量空气比的非常窄的范围。
连同燃料-空气比的控制，向三效催化器加入了例如为二氧化铈(CeO2)的氧存储物质，以便允许在发动机的稀薄燃烧状态中的氧的存储以及在发动机的富集燃烧状态中排出氧。通过这样做，基本上在λ窗口内，三效催化器经受的λ的范围被窄化了，使得可以确保三效催化器的优异的净化效率。
附带地，如果行驶条件允许，则控制车辆执行燃料切断，以便改进燃料效率。此时，燃料不供应到发动机，使得三效催化器处于氧富集条件而且在该稀薄状态下在三效催化器中的氧存储物质存储大量的氧。
因此，即使燃料的喷射量接近λ＝1，由于在燃料切断之后由氧存储物质存储的大量的氧，三效催化器也处于稀薄状态，使得大量的NOX被排出。
为了处理上述情形，在将燃料-空气比控制为高的燃料切断之后执行了催化器清理，从而导致更多的燃料供应，以便移除存储在氧存储物质中的氧。然而，因为供应并且使用了更多燃料，所以催化器清理对于车辆的燃料效率具有不利的影响。
因此，所需要的是，可以有效地净化在发动机的排放气体中的有毒成分并且还可以有助于改进燃料效率的用于车辆的排放气体净化***，而这是现有技术的净化***所没有涉及的。
公开于本发明背景部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被解释为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面致力于提供一种用于车辆的排放气体净化***，该***可以有效地净化在来自使用汽油作为燃料的车辆的发动机的排放气体中的有毒成分，并且可以有助于改进车辆的燃料效率。
一种用于车辆的排放气体净化***可以包括三效催化器、SCR催化器、氧化催化器、后置氧传感器以及控制器，其中，来自发动机的排放气体被引入到三效催化器中；SCR催化器位于三效催化器的下游并且还原NOX；氧化催化器布置在三效催化器的下游；后置氧传感器布置在三效催化器之后；控制器接收来自后置氧传感器的信号并且控制催化器清理，其中，在跟随燃料切断的结束而启动催化器清理之后，在信号仍然显示稀薄状态时，控制器结束催化器清理。
用于车辆的排放气体净化***可以包括位于SCR催化器的上游的氧化催化器。或者，用于车辆的排放气体净化***可以包括位于SCR催化器的下游的氧化催化器。
一种控制用于车辆的排放气体净化***的方法可以包括清理启动检查步骤、监控步骤以及清理结束步骤，其中，清理启动检查步骤确定在燃料切断之后催化器清理是否启动；监控步骤监控在三效催化器的下游处的后置氧传感器的输出值，以便在催化器清理启动之后确定输出值是否显示稀薄状态；当在监控步骤中确定后置氧传感器的输出显示稀薄状态时，清理结束步骤结束催化器清理。清理结束步骤可以包括，当后置氧传感器的输出值接近于离开稀薄状态时结束催化器清理。
应当理解，本文所使用的术语“车辆”或者“车辆的”或其他类似术语一般包括机动车辆，例如包括运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、公共车辆、卡车、各种商用车辆的乘用汽车，包括各种舟艇和船舶的船只，航空器等等，并且包括混合动力车辆、替代性燃料车辆(例如源于非汽油的能源的燃料)。本文所指的混合动力车辆为具有两个或更多个动力源的车辆，例如汽油动力和电动车辆。
通过纳入本文的附图以及随后与附图一起用于说明本发明的某些原理的具体实施方式，本发明的方法和装置所具有的其它特征和优点将更为具体地变得清楚或得以阐明。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于车辆的排放气体净化***的图。
图2是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于车辆的排放气体净化***的图；以及
图3是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的控制用于车辆的排放气体净化***的方法的流程图。
应当了解，所附附图不是必须按比例地显示了本发明的基本原理的说明性的各种优选特征的略微简化的画法。本文所公开的本发明的具体设计特征包括例如具体尺寸、方向、位置和形状将部分地由具体所要应用和使用的环境来确定。
在这些图形中，贯穿附图的多幅图形，附图标记引用本发明的同样的或等同的部件。
具体实施方式
接下来将对本公开的不同实施方案详细地作出引用，实施方案的实例被显示在附图中并描述如下。虽然本发明与示例性实施方式相结合进行描述，但是应当了解，本说明书并非旨在将本发明限制为那些示例性实施方式。相反，本发明旨在不仅涵盖示例性具体实施方式，也涵盖包含于如权利要求书限定的本发明的实质和范围内的各种变化、改变、等同和其他具体实施方式。下文中，将参考所附附图描述本发明的示例性实施方式，使得本发明所属于的技术领域中的人员可以实施该示例性实施方式。
图1和图2都示出了本发明的用于车辆的排放气体净化***的示例性实施方式，该***可以包括三效催化器1、选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器3以及氧化催化器5；来自发动机的排放气体被引入到三效催化器1中；选择性催化还原(SCR)催化器3位于三效催化器1的下游并且还原NOX；氧化催化器5位于三效催化器1的下游。
本发明可以配置为使得，在与三效催化器1在发动机的稀薄燃烧状态中运行的情形相似的情形中，使用从三效催化器产生的氨(NH3)，位于三效催化器1的下游的SCR催化器3净化排出的NOX，其中发动机的稀薄燃烧状态是由于在燃料切断之后存储在氧存储物质中的氧引起。
在燃料切断之后的催化器清理是用于尽快恢复三效催化器1的性能的，但是考虑到燃料效率，提早结束催化器清理是有益的，因为在催化器清理期间燃料是额外供应的。如果提早结束催化器清理，则依据催化器清理结束得有多早，三效催化器1的性能没有得到充分的恢复，而且NOX或者CO/HC被排出。然而，由于催化器清理的提早结束而没有被三效催化器1处理的NOX可以被SCR催化器3净化，而且没有被三效催化器1处理的CO和HC可以被氧化催化器5净化。进一步地，随着催化器清理提早结束，燃料效率也可以得到提升。NOX主要在其中催化器清理结束的较早的时间点处排出，而且CO和HC主要在催化器清理结束的较晚的时间点处排出。
在如图1所示的本发明的一个方面中，氧化催化器5位于SCR催化器3的上游，并且在另一方面，氧化催化器5布置在SCR催化器3的下游。在该方面中，氧化催化器5和SCR催化器3只能位于三效催化器1的下游。
前置氧传感器可以位于三效催化器1之前，后置氧传感器7可以位于三效催化器之后，而且这些氧传感器产生的信号可以提供到ECU(发动机控制单元)以便让ECU控制发动机，其中ECU是控制器。
ECU接收来自后置氧传感器7的信号并且可以控制催化器清理。在本发明中，在跟随燃料切断的结束而启动催化器清理之后，在来自后置氧传感器7的信号仍然显示稀薄状态的同时，ECU结束催化器清理。
这就是说，ECU不是如同现有技术那样在来自后置氧传感器7的信号的视角下当稀薄状态已经改变为富集状态时停止催化器清理，而是在信号仍然显示稀薄状态的同时停止催化器清理。“稀薄状态”意味着，尽管通过催化器清理在发动机中已经执行富集燃烧，但是来自后置氧传感器7的信号仍然标识稀薄状态。
图3是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的控制用于车辆的排放气体净化***的方法的流程图，该方法可以包括：
清理启动检查步骤S10，清理启动检查步骤S10确定在燃料切断之后催化器清理是否启动。清理启动检查步骤S10可以配置为在燃料切断停止之后发生。
监控步骤S20，监控步骤S20监控在三效催化器1的下游的后置氧传感器7的输出值，以便在催化器清理启动之后确定输出值是否显示稀薄状态。
清理结束步骤S30，当在监控步骤S20中确定后置氧传感器7的输出显示稀薄状态时，清理结束步骤S30结束催化器清理。
在本发明的一个方面，如同相关技术中所描述的，在车辆行驶的同时，在执行燃料切断之后，在清理启动检查步骤S10中检查催化器清理已经启动。在监控步骤S20中，后置氧传感器7的输出值得到了连续的监控，当确定后置氧传感器7的输出值还没有显示富集状态而是显示稀薄状态时，催化器清理被强制结束，而且在该过程中排出的NOX被SCR催化器3净化，并且少量的CO和HC被氧化催化器5净化。
清理结束步骤S30可以配置为，当后置氧传感器7的输出值接近于离开稀薄状态时结束催化器清理。例如，在后置氧传感器7的标准输出值是450mV，并且200mV或更低的输出值显示稀薄状态，而且600mV或者更高的输出值显示富集状态的情况下，当输出值靠近200mV时结束催化器清理。催化器清理也可以在600mV下结束，使得将被SCR处理的NOX的量减小，而且三效催化器得到更多的清理。
上述实施方式只是本发明的实例和要旨，尽管催化器清理是如同在相关技术中所描述的那样基于后置氧传感器7的输出值得到确定的，但是催化器清理不会继续直到确定其处于富集状态，但是相比相关技术，催化器清理更早地结束，而且在该过程中产生的NOX被SCR催化器3处置，并且少量的HC和CO被氧化催化器5处置。
如上所述，根据本公开的特定示例性实施方式，可以有效地净化在来自使用汽油作为燃料的车辆的发动机的排放气体中的有毒成分，从而可以改进车辆的燃料效率。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方式的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想穷尽本发明，或者将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施方式进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的其它技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方式以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由所附的权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于车辆的排放气体净化***，包括：
三效催化器，来自发动机的排放气体被引入到所述三效催化器中；
SCR催化器，所述SCR催化器位于所述三效催化器的下游并且还原NOX；
氧化催化器，所述氧化催化器位于所述三效催化器的下游；
后置氧传感器，所述后置氧传感器位于所述三效催化器之后；以及
控制器，所述控制器接收来自后置氧传感器的信号并且控制针对三效催化器的催化器清理，其中，在跟随燃料切断的结束而启动所述催化器清理之后，在信号仍然显示稀薄状态时，所述控制器结束催化器清理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的排放气体净化***，其中，所述氧化催化器位于所述SCR催化器的上游。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的排放气体净化***，其中，所述氧化催化器位于所述SCR催化器的下游。
4.一种控制根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的排放气体净化***的方法，所述方法包括：
清理启动检查步骤，所述清理启动检查步骤确定在燃料切断之后针对三效催化器的催化器清理是否启动；
监控步骤，所述监控步骤监控在三效催化器的下游处的后置氧传感器的输出值，以便在催化器清理启动之后确定所述输出值是否显示稀薄状态；以及
清理结束步骤，当在所述监控步骤中确定所述后置氧传感器的输出显示稀薄状态时，所述清理结束步骤结束催化器清理。
5.根据权利要求4所述的控制根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的排放气体净化***的方法，其中，所述清理结束步骤包括，当所述后置氧传感器的输出值接近于离开稀薄状态时结束催化器清理。
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