CN104663236A - Cultivation method for container grafted seedlings of fructus phyllanthi - Google Patents
Cultivation method for container grafted seedlings of fructus phyllanthi Download PDFInfo
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- CN104663236A CN104663236A CN201510129734.4A CN201510129734A CN104663236A CN 104663236 A CN104663236 A CN 104663236A CN 201510129734 A CN201510129734 A CN 201510129734A CN 104663236 A CN104663236 A CN 104663236A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for container grafted seedlings of fructus phyllanthi, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: selection of containers for seedling raising, preparation of a substrate, bagging and placement of the containers for seedling raising, erection of a sunshade awning, seed sprouting and sowing, erection of a small plastic film shed, management and protection of seedlings, rootstock selection and treatment, scion collection, grafting as well as management and protection of grafted seedlings. Testing results indicate that compared with other fructus phyllanthi grafted seedling cultivation technologies, the cultivation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, good and stable seedling quality, low seedling culture cost, good afforestation effect, cleanliness, environmental friendliness and the like, effectively solves the production problems that the survival rate is low in bare-rooted forestation of fructus phyllanthi, the grafted survival rate is low when the fructus phyllanthi seedlings are grafted after being put into the containers for seedling raising, and the afforestation survival rate is low because of serious root system damage when container grafted seedlings cultivated according to a traditional technology are out of a nursery garden, and has a broad application prospect in the production.
Description
Technical field
------achievements in forest-tree seedling is bred---container seedling---, and grafting cultivates category, specifically a kind of Yunnan olive container grafting breeding method in forestry to the invention belongs to agriculture field.
Background technology
The ecotope of Yunnan olive to the torrid zone, Dry-hot Valley Area, subtropics has very strong adaptability, especially has obvious water conservation, fixation, is one of pioneer tree species of this area's green barren hill afforestation.We start to carry out suitable reproducting tree species in the problem restoration of the ecosystem area in hardship in calendar year 2001 and select and fine-variety breeding work, through more than 10 years, test is cultivated, the successful seed selection Yunnan olive breeding in 2013---Gaoligong mountains glutinous Yunnan olive (breeding numbering cloud R-SC-PE-069-2013), for dry-hot valley afforestation area in hardship ecological construction and Industrial Construction doulbe-sides' victory provide breeding basis.For this reason, the dry-hot valley in Nujiang, Jinsha jiang River, the Lancang River etc. has started Gaoligong mountains glutinous Yunnan olive industry development upsurge, but because being short of suitable nursery technology, causes survival rate not high, and this has become the bottleneck of restriction industry development.
At present, production is cultivated Yunnan olive grafting and generally adopts following methods:
First method is: utilize and sow spring again through transplanting the seedling that (move bed plantation) cultivates, engrafting and cultivating grafting in February October to next year (bareroot seedling) then.The grafting that this method is cultivated, completely can in spring next year (grafter in October), summer and autumn as afforestation seedling from seedling body size.But because Yunnan olive seedling growth amount is large, main root is flourishing, side root is less, exposed root and shoot forestation in addition, its survival rate only 11.9%-49.2%, is not suitable for as large-scale production seedling, the grafting that afforestation program does not generally adopt this method to cultivate.
Second method is: vernalization in spring after planting, transplant when height of seedling >=4 cm, tool 2 ~ 4 true leaves and to the container for plant growth of diameter 7-8 cm, high 13-22 cm, thickness about 0.04 mm, cultivate container seedling, in carrying out engrafting and cultivating container grafting February October to next year then.The grafting that this method is cultivated is the main source of current production seedling.But the grafting that this method is cultivated, there is container for plant growth specification particularly not carry out cutting lateral root or only carry out cutting lateral root and shift position before container for plant growth insufficient height, grafting, during outplanting, root system is more along container for plant growth inwall (be commonly called as and wear bag) person beyond growth (being commonly called as packing) or root growth to container for plant growth of spiraling, cause container for plant growth badly broken, the average outplanting rate of qualified nursery stock is 54%, seedling cost increases; Its survival rate average out to 79.4%, afforestation effect is unsatisfactory.
The third method is: spring, seedling was cultivated in sowing, in being transplanted in container for plant growth engrafting and cultivating grafting more then February October to next year after lifting.Although the grafting quality that this method is cultivated is better, survival rate is comparatively up to 89.5%.But because transplanting, bagwork intensity is large, time-consuming and cost is higher, it is high to transplant lethality, and its transplanting success only 42.3%, causes cultivating seedlings cost increase severely and be difficult to aborning realize scale application.
In view of above-mentioned Yunnan olive seedling growing process defect and Yunnan olive seed less, the reasons such as Nurse seed grafting seedling cultivation cannot be realized, fully proving that olive seedling side, Yunnan root is few, seedling main root grows soon downwards, 2 the age end of the year grafting seedling body excessive, the characteristics such as bud anvil container grafting cannot be cultivated and produce on actual basis, applicant has carried out Yunnan olive grafting with improved seed seedling Cultivating techniques research.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Yunnan olive container grafting breeding method, to make up the deficiency of producing upper Yunnan olive grafting Cultivating techniques at present, reduce seedling cost, improve afforestation seedling quality, survival rate and Afforestation Effects.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Yunnan olive container grafting breeding method, comprises the steps:
Step (1), the selection of container for plant growth: plant growing container bag broadening 14.2 cm, high 28-30 cm, thickness 0.06 mm, material is the natural degradation phase is the 19-21 nursery non-woven fabrics of individual month; Namely container bag fills diameter about 9 cm, high 26-28 cm after matrix;
Step (2), substrate preparation: the ratio mixing by decomposed manure, humus soil and loam being 1:1:8 in mass ratio, admixes composite fertilizer simultaneously, after mixing, obtains matrix; Wherein, the quality of composite fertilizer is 0.2% of decomposed manure, humus soil and loam quality summation; Effective N, P in composite fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is respectively 15%;
Step (3), pack and container for plant growth are put: the matrix that step (2) obtained loads in the plant growing container bag that step (1) selects, require matrix filling full, without clear gap; Then neat, upright, be close to and be placed in the wide 100-120 cm of bed surface, on the wide 30-40 cm of pavement, the seedbed bed surface of bed surface higher than pavement plane 4.5-5.5 cm;
Step (4), builds sunshade: the last week is built canopy height 1.8-2 m in sowing on seedbed, and light transmittance 20%-30%'s is sunshade mesh shed;
Step (5), presprouting of seeds and sowing: screen large grain full seed, adopt wet husky germination hastening method vernalization; When seed base-root long for 2-4 cm time, take out after seed cuts off 1/3 of radicle length in time, live to loading in the plant growing container bag of matrix by the standard of every bag of 2 seeds, sowing depth is advisable with seed distance soil layer surface 0.3-0.5 cm after watering; After planting water sufficient water once;
Step (6), building of plastic film Small plastic shed: after step (5) has been sowed, with seedbed bed surface for unit builds the plastic film Small plastic shed that sagitta is 45-50 cm under sunshade, closes shed, reaches the object of moisturizing;
Step (7), seedling is managed and protected: after planting 15-25 d, and nursery stock all sprouts, the cover film progressively taken off out after height of seedling 3-5 cm on Small plastic shed; After taking off film, to go by force between weak principle, except unnecessary nursery stock, to carry out after-culture in conjunction with thinning to empty bag by every bag of 1 strain seedling standard and staying in time; Sunshade net is removed in 30 d after thinning and after-culture; Timely weeding; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.1%-0.2%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; In good time pinching after entering August, promotes girth growth;
Step (8), Root-stock selection and process: 7-10 d before grafting, by the wide 80-90 cm of bed surface, the wide 30-40 cm of pavement, bed surface does seedbed higher than pavement plane 4.5-5.5 cm, and bedding thickness is weeds and/or the fallen leaves of 1-1.5 cm on the bed surface of seedbed; Wherein, weeds, fallen leaves can be used alone, also can be used in combination, and time used in combination, its ratio is arbitrary, does not do requirement;
Select the seedling of leading thread >=0.5 cm as stock, seedling is moved together with container for plant growth and is placed on the seedbed bed surface of the good weeds of place mat and/or fallen leaves, notice that seedling bag is put neatly, uprightly, be close between bag; Seedling dry height 5-7 cm cutting strunk is retained before transplanting seedlings; When transplanting seedlings, if there is root system pass from plant growing container bag and go deep into nursery soil, care should be used to after cut off root system outside container bag again row transplant seedlings;
Step (9), scion collection: from breeding result elite stand, top peripheral gathers annual lignification branch and does scion; Scion should with adopting with connecing;
Step (10), grafting: grafting time is October-February in next year, the long 3-5 cm of each scion, the above tool 1-2 of mouth effectively bud is cut in scion, with plastic film strip bondage from bottom to top, sealing grafting mouth and scion;
Step (11), grafting is managed and protected: stock rudiment of erasing in time after grafting; When grafting height of seedling is 15-20 cm, solution is tied up; Timely weeding and prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.1%-0.2%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; Pinching when height of seedling grows to 35-40 cm.
Further, preferably the concrete grammar of the wet husky germination hastening method vernalization of step (5) is: on clean flooring, first pad thick layer is 14-16 cm clean wet river sand, on the sand of river, even dispenser thickness is the seed of 0.3-0.5 cm, is then that 0.9-1.1 cm wets river sand at seed upper cover last layer thickness; And so forth, dispenser seed 8-12 layer, last one deck river sand cladding thickness that wets is 9-11 cm; Afterwards, spray river sand with clear water, cover clean straw, keep river sand moistening, control indoor temperature 20-25 DEG C; River sand humidity is agglomerating to hold, and namely faling apart of touching is advisable; River sand humidity is inadequate, should spray water in time.
Further, the seed base-root length preferably described in step (5) is vernalization 5-7 d when being 2-4 cm.
Further, the nursery stock preferably described in step (7) all sprouts, after height of seedling 3-5 cm, progressively need take off out the cover film on Small plastic shed in 10 d.
Further, the weeds preferably described in step (8) are straw or mountain grass.
Further, timely grafting is failed in the scion collected preferably described in step (9), bale packing should be divided to prick, after plastic film bag sealing, to preserve under being placed in 1-5 DEG C of environment.
Further, the thickness of the plastic film strip preferably described in step (10) is 0.03mm, width is 2.5-3.5 cm.
Further, the sealing grafting mouth preferably described in step (10) and scion must seal together with the effective bud cutting more than mouth, and must strain the plastic film strip of bondage.
Further, the grafting method preferably described in step (10) is cut-grafting or side grafting method.
The present invention adopts plastic film strip to seal scion (containing fringe bud), and this is the key element improving Yunnan olive graft survival rate, but the plastic film of sealing scion must be strained, otherwise scion sprout after cannot voluntarily bursting plastic film to outgrowth.
compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:
(1) current, the container grafting that in production, afforestation uses
level seedling standard is: the more than grafting mouth 3 cm place dry diameters of seedling are greater than 0.5 cm, height of seedling is greater than 35 cm, and container for plant growth is without breakage, and Miao Gantong is straight, leaf look normally, without damage by disease and insect.It is above-mentioned that the present invention cultivates
it is 1.52 yuan that the average every strain of level seedling goes out garden cost, average survival rate 94.1%; To cultivate with second method in background technology
the average every strain of level seedling goes out that garden cost 2.36 yuan compares, every cost-saving 0.84 yuan of strain, compares, survival rate improves 14.7 percentage points with second method institute nursery wood survival rate 79.4%; Cultivate with the third method in background technology
the average every strain of level seedling goes out that garden cost 3.75 yuan compares, every cost-saving 2.23 yuan of strain, compares, survival rate improves 4.6 percentage points with the third method institute nursery wood survival rate 89.5%;
(2) the present invention uses container for plant growth made of nonwoven material bag, the plastic film container bag the highest with current Yunnan olive nursery utilization rate compares, do not need when there is afforestation to destroy container for plant growth, the rear container for plant growth natural degradation of afforestation, thus the object realizing simplification afforestation technology link, improve survival rate 14.7 percentage points, alleviate environmental pressure and ecological, environmental protective;
(3) plant growing container bag that adopts of the present invention is for filling diameter about 9 cm, high 26-28 cm after matrix, the plant growing container bag of this specification compares with the conventional forestry plant growing container bag of diameter 6-8 cm, high 13-22 cm, under there is seedling age or nursery stock size the same terms, seedling root reduces at the probability of plant growing container bag inside turn growth (being commonly called as packing), root system wears the advantage that bag rate is low, the afforestation degree of depth is dark, thus ensures to have higher survival rate, storage rate and seedling growth amount after improving afforestation;
(4) the present invention's place mat weeds fallen leaves on the bed surface of seedbed, under plant growing container bag, both can cut root principle by air, and bottom prevention or partly prevention plant growing container bag, the downward elongation growth of root system enters nursery soil; Effectively can ensure that again seedbed moisture upwards supplies, reach the effect reducing water management intensity in seedling raising process; The Yunnan olive container seedling of such cultivation, when it goes out garden, extremely low, the seedling quality of plant growing container bag breakage rate is greatly improved, thus effectively ensures outplanting rate, saves man-hour and improve the object of survival rate;
(5) the Yunnan olive container grafting breeding method of suitable for industrial of the present invention application is by repeatedly contrasting nursery and afforestation experiment and innovation integrate for 3 years.The Yunnan olive container grafting that this inventive method is cultivated, have that seedling cost is suitable for, nursery stock specification is moderate, survival rate and the high feature of storage rate, to the area in hardship ecological construction of dry-hot valley afforestation, economic construction, industry restructuring, Increase Income of Peasant Households, rural economy is flourishing and sustainable development is significant;
(6) the present invention compares with other Yunnan olive grafting Cultivating techniques, have easy and simple to handle, seedling quality good and the advantage such as stable, seedling cost is low, afforestation effect good, clean environment firendly, efficiently solve that Yunnan olive exposed root and shoot forestation survival rate is low, the Yunnan olive seedling container grafting that its graft survival rate of grafting is low and seedling cost is high, conventional art is cultivated again after pack when going out garden root system damage seriously cause the production difficult problems such as survival rate is low, have broad application prospects aborning.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example only for illustration of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting scope of the present invention.Unreceipted concrete technology or condition person in embodiment, according to the technology described by the document in this area or condition or carry out according to product description.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, being can by buying the conventional products obtained.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Yunnan olive container grafting breeding method, comprises the steps:
At Yunnan olive suitable cultivation area, select to have a good transport service, physical features is mild, and loosing soil, deep fertile, water conservation are Seedlings nursery ground with breathing freely good sand loam;
Step (1), the selection of container for plant growth: plant growing container bag broadening 14.2 cm, high 28-30 cm, thickness 0.06 mm, material is the natural degradation phase is the 19-21 nursery non-woven fabrics of individual month; Namely container bag fills diameter about 9 cm, high 26-28 cm after matrix;
Step (2), substrate preparation: the ratio mixing by decomposed manure, humus soil and loam being 1:1:8 in mass ratio, admixes composite fertilizer simultaneously, after mixing, obtains matrix; Wherein, the quality of composite fertilizer is 0.2% of decomposed manure, humus soil and loam quality summation; Effective N, P in composite fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is respectively 15%;
Step (3), pack and container for plant growth are put: the matrix that step (2) obtained loads in the plant growing container bag that step (1) selects, require matrix filling full, without clear gap; Then neat, upright, be close to and be placed in wide 100 cm of bed surface, wide 30 cm of pavement, bed surface are higher than on the seedbed bed surface of pavement plane 4.5cm;
Step (4), builds sunshade: the last week is built canopy height 1.8m in sowing on seedbed, and light transmittance 20%-30%'s is sunshade mesh shed;
Step (5), presprouting of seeds and sowing: screen large grain full seed, adopt wet husky germination hastening method vernalization;
The concrete grammar of wet husky germination hastening method vernalization is: on clean flooring, first pad thick layer is 14-16 cm clean wet river sand, on the sand of river, even dispenser thickness is the seed of 0.3-0.5 cm, is then that 0.9-1.1 cm wets river sand at seed upper cover last layer thickness; And so forth, 8 layers, dispenser seed, last one deck river sand cladding thickness that wets is 9-11 cm; Afterwards, spray river sand with clear water, cover clean straw, keep river sand moistening, control indoor temperature 20-25 DEG C; River sand humidity is agglomerating to hold, and namely faling apart of touching is advisable; River sand humidity is inadequate, should spray water in time;
When seed base-root length is for 2-4 cm, be generally vernalization 5-7 d, after timely taking-up seed cuts off 1/3 of radicle length, live to loading in the plant growing container bag of matrix by the standard of every bag of 2 seeds, sowing depth is advisable with seed distance soil layer surface 0.3-0.5 cm after watering; After planting water sufficient water once;
Step (6), building of plastic film Small plastic shed: after step (5) has been sowed, with seedbed bed surface for unit builds the plastic film Small plastic shed that sagitta is 45 cm under sunshade, closes shed, reaches the object of moisturizing;
Step (7), seedling is managed and protected: after planting 15-25 d, and nursery stock all sprouts, the cover film progressively need taken off out in 10 d after height of seedling 3-5 cm on Small plastic shed; After taking off film, to go by force between weak principle, except unnecessary nursery stock, to carry out after-culture in conjunction with thinning to empty bag by every bag of 1 strain seedling standard and staying in time; Sunshade net is removed in 30 d after thinning and after-culture; Timely weeding; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.1%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; In good time pinching after entering August, promotes girth growth;
Step (8), Root-stock selection and process: 7-10d before grafting, by wide 90 cm of bed surface, wide 40 cm of pavement, bed surface does seedbed higher than pavement plane 5.5 cm, and bedding thickness is weeds and/or the fallen leaves of 1-1.5 cm on the bed surface of seedbed; Wherein, weeds, fallen leaves can be used alone, also can be used in combination, and time used in combination, its ratio is arbitrary, does not do requirement; Weeds are straw or mountain grass;
Select the seedling of leading thread >=0.5 cm as stock, seedling is moved together with container for plant growth and is placed on the seedbed bed surface of the good weeds of place mat and/or fallen leaves, notice that seedling bag is put neatly, uprightly, be close between bag; Seedling dry height 5-7 cm cutting strunk is retained before transplanting seedlings; When transplanting seedlings, if there is root system pass from plant growing container bag and go deep into nursery soil, care should be used to after cut off root system outside container bag again row transplant seedlings;
Step (9), scion collection: from breeding result elite stand, top peripheral gathers annual lignification branch and does scion; Scion should with adopting with connecing; Timely grafting is failed in the scion collected, and bale packing should be divided to prick, and after plastic film bag sealing, preserves under being placed in 1-5 DEG C of environment;
Step (10), grafting: adopt cut-grafting or side grafting method to carry out grafting, grafting time is October-February in next year, the long 3-5 cm of each scion, the above tool 1-2 of mouth effectively bud is cut in scion, with thickness be 0.03mm, width is the plastic film strip bondage from bottom to top of 2.5-3.5 cm, sealing grafting mouth and scion;
Step (11), grafting is managed and protected: stock rudiment of erasing in time after grafting; When grafting height of seedling is 15-20 cm, solution is tied up; Timely weeding and prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.1%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; Pinching when height of seedling grows to 45-50 cm.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Yunnan olive container grafting breeding method, comprises the steps:
At Yunnan olive suitable cultivation area, select to have a good transport service, physical features is mild, and loosing soil, deep fertile, water conservation are Seedlings nursery ground with breathing freely good sand loam;
Step (1), the selection of container for plant growth: plant growing container bag broadening 14.2 cm, high 28-30 cm, thickness 0.06 mm, material is the natural degradation phase is the 19-21 nursery non-woven fabrics of individual month; Namely container bag fills diameter about 9 cm, high 26-28 cm after matrix;
Step (2), substrate preparation: the ratio mixing by decomposed manure, humus soil and loam being 1:1:8 in mass ratio, admixes composite fertilizer simultaneously, after mixing, obtains matrix; Wherein, the quality of composite fertilizer is 0.2% of decomposed manure, humus soil and loam quality summation; Effective N, P in composite fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is respectively 15%;
Step (3), pack and container for plant growth are put: the matrix that step (2) obtained loads in the plant growing container bag that step (1) selects, require matrix filling full, without clear gap; Then neat, upright, be close to and be placed in wide 120 cm of bed surface, wide 40 cm of pavement, bed surface are higher than on the seedbed bed surface of pavement plane 5.5cm;
Step (4), builds sunshade: the last week is built canopy height 2m in sowing on seedbed, and light transmittance 20%-30%'s is sunshade mesh shed;
Step (5), presprouting of seeds and sowing: screen large grain full seed, adopt wet husky germination hastening method vernalization;
The concrete grammar of wet husky germination hastening method vernalization is: on clean flooring, first pad thick layer is 14-16 cm clean wet river sand, on the sand of river, even dispenser thickness is the seed of 0.3-0.5 cm, is then that 0.9-1.1 cm wets river sand at seed upper cover last layer thickness; And so forth, 12 layers, dispenser seed, last one deck river sand cladding thickness that wets is 9-11 cm; Afterwards, spray river sand with clear water, cover clean straw, keep river sand moistening, control indoor temperature 20-25 DEG C; River sand humidity is agglomerating to hold, and namely faling apart of touching is advisable; River sand humidity is inadequate, should spray water in time;
When seed base-root length is for 2-4 cm, be generally vernalization 5-7 d, after timely taking-up seed cuts off 1/3 of radicle length, live to loading in the plant growing container bag of matrix by the standard of every bag of 2 seeds, sowing depth is advisable with seed distance soil layer surface 0.3-0.5 cm after watering; After planting water sufficient water once;
Step (6), building of plastic film Small plastic shed: after step (5) has been sowed, with seedbed bed surface for unit builds the plastic film Small plastic shed that sagitta is 50 cm under sunshade, closes shed, reaches the object of moisturizing;
Step (7), seedling is managed and protected: after planting 15-25 d, and nursery stock all sprouts, the cover film progressively need taken off out in 10 d after height of seedling 3-5 cm on Small plastic shed; After taking off film, to go by force between weak principle, except unnecessary nursery stock, to carry out after-culture in conjunction with thinning to empty bag by every bag of 1 strain seedling standard and staying in time; Sunshade net is removed in 30 d after thinning and after-culture; Timely weeding; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.2%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; In good time pinching after entering August, promotes girth growth;
Step (8), Root-stock selection and process: 7-10d before grafting, by wide 80 cm of bed surface, wide 30 cm of pavement, bed surface does seedbed higher than pavement plane 4.5 cm, and bedding thickness is weeds and/or the fallen leaves of 1-1.5 cm on the bed surface of seedbed; Wherein, weeds, fallen leaves can be used alone, also can be used in combination, and time used in combination, its ratio is arbitrary, does not do requirement; Weeds are straw or mountain grass;
Select the seedling of leading thread >=0.5 cm as stock, seedling is moved together with container for plant growth and is placed on the seedbed bed surface of the good weeds of place mat and/or fallen leaves, notice that seedling bag is put neatly, uprightly, be close between bag; Seedling dry height 5-7 cm cutting strunk is retained before transplanting seedlings; When transplanting seedlings, if there is root system pass from plant growing container bag and go deep into nursery soil, care should be used to after cut off root system outside container bag again row transplant seedlings;
Step (9), scion collection: from breeding result elite stand, top peripheral gathers annual lignification branch and does scion; Scion should with adopting with connecing; Timely grafting is failed in the scion collected, and bale packing should be divided to prick, and after plastic film bag sealing, preserves under being placed in 1-5 DEG C of environment;
Step (10), grafting: adopt cut-grafting or side grafting method to carry out grafting, grafting time is October-February in next year, the long 3-5 cm of each scion, the above tool 1-2 of mouth effectively bud is cut in scion, with thickness be 0.03mm, width is the plastic film strip bondage from bottom to top of 2.5-3.5 cm, sealing grafting mouth and scion;
Step (11), grafting is managed and protected: stock rudiment of erasing in time after grafting; When grafting height of seedling is 15-20 cm, solution is tied up; Timely weeding and prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.2%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; Pinching when height of seedling grows to 45-50 cm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Yunnan olive container grafting breeding method, comprises the steps:
At Yunnan olive suitable cultivation area, select to have a good transport service, physical features is mild, and loosing soil, deep fertile, water conservation are Seedlings nursery ground with breathing freely good sand loam;
Step (1), the selection of container for plant growth: plant growing container bag broadening 14.2 cm, high 28-30 cm, thickness 0.06 mm, material is the natural degradation phase is the 19-21 nursery non-woven fabrics of individual month; Namely container bag fills diameter about 9 cm, high 26-28 cm after matrix;
Step (2), substrate preparation: the ratio mixing by decomposed manure, humus soil and loam being 1:1:8 in mass ratio, admixes composite fertilizer simultaneously, after mixing, obtains matrix; Wherein, the quality of composite fertilizer is 0.2% of decomposed manure, humus soil and loam quality summation; Effective N, P in composite fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is respectively 15%;
Step (3), pack and container for plant growth are put: the matrix that step (2) obtained loads in the plant growing container bag that step (1) selects, require matrix filling full, without clear gap; Then neat, upright, be close to and be placed in wide 110 cm of bed surface, wide 36 cm of pavement, bed surface are higher than on the seedbed bed surface of pavement plane 5cm;
Step (4), builds sunshade: the last week is built canopy height 1.9m in sowing on seedbed, and light transmittance 20%-30%'s is sunshade mesh shed;
Step (5), presprouting of seeds and sowing: screen large grain full seed, adopt wet husky germination hastening method vernalization;
The concrete grammar of wet husky germination hastening method vernalization is: on clean flooring, first pad thick layer is 14-16 cm clean wet river sand, on the sand of river, even dispenser thickness is the seed of 0.3-0.5 cm, is then that 0.9-1.1 cm wets river sand at seed upper cover last layer thickness; And so forth, 10 layers, dispenser seed, last one deck river sand cladding thickness that wets is 9-11 cm; Afterwards, spray river sand with clear water, cover clean straw, keep river sand moistening, control indoor temperature 20-25 DEG C; River sand humidity is agglomerating to hold, and namely faling apart of touching is advisable; River sand humidity is inadequate, should spray water in time;
When seed base-root length is for 2-4 cm, be generally vernalization 5-7 d, after timely taking-up seed cuts off 1/3 of radicle length, live to loading in the plant growing container bag of matrix by the standard of every bag of 2 seeds, sowing depth is advisable with seed distance soil layer surface 0.3-0.5 cm after watering; After planting water sufficient water once;
Step (6), building of plastic film Small plastic shed: after step (5) has been sowed, with seedbed bed surface for unit builds the plastic film Small plastic shed that sagitta is 48 cm under sunshade, closes shed, reaches the object of moisturizing;
Step (7), seedling is managed and protected: after planting 15-25 d, and nursery stock all sprouts, the cover film progressively need taken off out in 10 d after height of seedling 3-5 cm on Small plastic shed; After taking off film, to go by force between weak principle, except unnecessary nursery stock, to carry out after-culture in conjunction with thinning to empty bag by every bag of 1 strain seedling standard and staying in time; Sunshade net is removed in 30 d after thinning and after-culture; Timely weeding; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.15%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; In good time pinching after entering August, promotes girth growth;
Step (8), Root-stock selection and process: 7-10d before grafting, by wide 85 cm of bed surface, wide 37 cm of pavement, bed surface does seedbed higher than pavement plane 5 cm, and bedding thickness is weeds and/or the fallen leaves of 1-1.5 cm on the bed surface of seedbed; Wherein, weeds, fallen leaves can be used alone, also can be used in combination, and time used in combination, its ratio is arbitrary, does not do requirement; Weeds are straw or mountain grass;
Select the seedling of leading thread >=0.5 cm as stock, seedling is moved together with container for plant growth and is placed on the seedbed bed surface of the good weeds of place mat and/or fallen leaves, notice that seedling bag is put neatly, uprightly, be close between bag; Seedling dry height 5-7 cm cutting strunk is retained before transplanting seedlings; When transplanting seedlings, if there is root system pass from plant growing container bag and go deep into nursery soil, care should be used to after cut off root system outside container bag again row transplant seedlings;
Step (9), scion collection: from breeding result elite stand, top peripheral gathers annual lignification branch and does scion; Scion should with adopting with connecing; Timely grafting is failed in the scion collected, and bale packing should be divided to prick, and after plastic film bag sealing, preserves under being placed in 1-5 DEG C of environment;
Step (10), grafting: adopt cut-grafting or side grafting method to carry out grafting, grafting time is October-February in next year, the long 3-5 cm of each scion, the above tool 1-2 of mouth effectively bud is cut in scion, with thickness be 0.03mm, width is the plastic film strip bondage from bottom to top of 2.5-3.5 cm, sealing grafting mouth and scion;
Step (11), grafting is managed and protected: stock rudiment of erasing in time after grafting; When grafting height of seedling is 15-20 cm, solution is tied up; Timely weeding and prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.5%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; Pinching when height of seedling grows to 45-50 cm.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof
.
Claims (9)
1. a Yunnan olive container grafting breeding method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step (1), the selection of container for plant growth: plant growing container bag broadening 14.2 cm, high 28-30 cm, thickness 0.06 mm, material is the natural degradation phase is the 19-21 nursery non-woven fabrics of individual month;
Step (2), substrate preparation: the ratio mixing by decomposed manure, humus soil and loam being 1:1:8 in mass ratio, admixes composite fertilizer simultaneously, after mixing, obtains matrix; Wherein, the quality of composite fertilizer is 0.2% of decomposed manure, humus soil and loam quality summation; Effective N, P in composite fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is respectively 15%;
Step (3), pack and container for plant growth are put: the matrix that step (2) obtained loads in the plant growing container bag that step (1) selects, require matrix filling full, without clear gap; Then neat, upright, be close to and be placed in the wide 100-120 cm of bed surface, on the wide 30-40 cm of pavement, the seedbed bed surface of bed surface higher than pavement plane 4.5-5.5 cm;
Step (4), builds sunshade: the last week is built canopy height 1.8-2 m in sowing on seedbed, and light transmittance 20%-30%'s is sunshade mesh shed;
Step (5), presprouting of seeds and sowing: screen large grain full seed, adopt wet husky germination hastening method vernalization; When seed base-root long for 2-4 cm time, take out after seed cuts off 1/3 of radicle length in time, live in the plant growing container bag of filling substrate by the standard of every bag of 2 seeds, sowing depth is advisable with seed distance soil layer surface 0.3-0.5 cm after watering; After planting water sufficient water once;
Step (6), building of plastic film Small plastic shed: after step (5) has been sowed, with seedbed bed surface for unit builds the plastic film Small plastic shed that sagitta is 45-50 cm under sunshade, and closes shed;
Step (7), seedling is managed and protected: after planting 15-25 d, and nursery stock all sprouts, the cover film progressively taken off out after height of seedling 3-5 cm on Small plastic shed; After taking off film, to go by force between weak principle, except unnecessary nursery stock, to carry out after-culture in conjunction with thinning to empty bag by every bag of 1 strain seedling standard and staying in time; Sunshade net is removed in 30 d after thinning and after-culture; Timely weeding; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.1%-0.2%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; In good time pinching after entering August;
Step (8), Root-stock selection and process: 7-10 d before grafting, by the wide 80-90 cm of bed surface, the wide 30-40 cm of pavement, bed surface does seedbed higher than pavement plane 4.5-5.5 cm, and bedding thickness is weeds and/or the fallen leaves of 1-1.5 cm on the bed surface of seedbed;
Select the seedling of leading thread >=0.5 cm as stock, seedling is moved together with container for plant growth and is placed on the seedbed bed surface of the good weeds of place mat and/or fallen leaves, notice that seedling bag is put neatly, uprightly, be close between bag; Seedling dry height 5-7 cm cutting strunk is retained before transplanting seedlings; When transplanting seedlings, if there is root system pass from plant growing container bag and go deep into nursery soil, care should be used to after cut off root system outside container bag again row transplant seedlings;
Step (9), scion collection: from breeding result elite stand, top peripheral gathers annual lignification branch and does scion; Scion should with adopting with connecing;
Step (10), grafting: grafting time is October-February in next year, the long 3-5 cm of each scion, the above tool 1-2 of mouth effectively bud is cut in scion, with plastic film strip bondage from bottom to top, sealing grafting mouth and scion;
Step (11), grafting is managed and protected: stock rudiment of erasing in time after grafting; When grafting height of seedling is 15-20 cm, solution is tied up; Timely weeding and prevention and elimination of disease and pests; Seedling growth gesture weak or aobvious weak time, the mixed aqueous solution of foliage-spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 time weekly, continuous 3 times, in described mixed aqueous solution, the mass percent of urea is 0.1%-0.2%, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mass percent is 0.2%; Pinching when height of seedling grows to 35-40 cm.
2. Yunnan according to claim 1 olive container grafting breeding method, it is characterized in that, the concrete grammar of the wet husky germination hastening method vernalization of step (5) is: on clean flooring, first pad thick layer is 14-16 cm clean wet river sand, on the sand of river, even dispenser thickness is the seed of 0.3-0.5 cm, is then that 0.9-1.1 cm wets river sand at seed upper cover last layer thickness; And so forth, dispenser seed 8-12 layer, last one deck river sand cladding thickness that wets is 9-11 cm; Afterwards, spray river sand with clear water, cover clean straw, keep river sand moistening, control indoor temperature 20-25 DEG C; River sand humidity is agglomerating to hold, and namely faling apart of touching is advisable; River sand humidity is inadequate, should spray water in time.
3. Yunnan according to claim 1 olive container grafting breeding method, is characterized in that, is vernalization 5-7 d when the seed base-root length described in step (5) is 2-4 cm.
4. Yunnan according to claim 1 olive container grafting breeding method, is characterized in that, the nursery stock described in step (7) all sprouts, after height of seedling 3-5 cm, progressively need take off out the cover film on Small plastic shed in 10 d.
5. Yunnan according to claim 1 olive container grafting breeding method, is characterized in that, the weeds described in step (8) are straw or mountain grass.
6. Yunnan according to claim 1 olive container grafting breeding method, is characterized in that, timely grafting is failed in the scion collected described in step (9), bale packing should be divided to prick, after plastic film bag sealing, preserve under being placed in 1-5 DEG C of environment.
7. Yunnan according to claim 1 olive container grafting breeding method, is characterized in that, the thickness of the plastic film strip described in step (10) is 0.03 mm, width is 2.5-3.5 cm.
8. Yunnan according to claim 1 olive container grafting breeding method, is characterized in that, the sealing grafting mouth described in step (10) and scion must seal together with the effective bud cutting more than mouth, and must strain the plastic film strip of bondage.
9. Yunnan according to claim 1 olive container grafting breeding method, it is characterized in that, the grafting method described in step (10) is cut-grafting or side grafting method.
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| CN105248102A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-20 | 宾川佳泓园艺有限责任公司 | Cultivation method of phyllanthus emblica |
| CN105284432A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-02-03 | 宾川佳泓园艺有限责任公司 | Grafting method for phyllanthus emblica |
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| CN112075301A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-15 | 李春华 | Method for increasing transplanting survival rate of custard apple garden building in dry and hot valley areas |
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| CN105706818A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-29 | 唐金刚 | Cultivation method for emblic leafflower number one |
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| CN107593135A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-19 | 保山市林业技术推广总站 | A kind of method for improving Yunnan olive graft survival rate |
| CN107593135B (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-07-10 | 保山市林业和草原技术推广站 | Method for improving grafting survival rate of phyllanthus emblica |
| CN109479690A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-19 | 彭云 | A kind of tea shoot mating system that hole tray cuttage is combined with field seedling raising |
| CN112075301A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-15 | 李春华 | Method for increasing transplanting survival rate of custard apple garden building in dry and hot valley areas |
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