CN104756690A - Pesticide-free and fertilizer-free pure ecological Rhizoma Paridis high yield cultivation technology - Google Patents
Pesticide-free and fertilizer-free pure ecological Rhizoma Paridis high yield cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756690A CN104756690A CN201510108308.2A CN201510108308A CN104756690A CN 104756690 A CN104756690 A CN 104756690A CN 201510108308 A CN201510108308 A CN 201510108308A CN 104756690 A CN104756690 A CN 104756690A
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Abstract
The invention provides a pesticide-free and fertilizer-free pure ecological Rhizoma Paridis high yield cultivation technology. The pesticide-free and fertilizer-free pure ecological Rhizoma Paridis high yield cultivation technology comprises the steps of selecting a boulevard field with much humus and loose and breathable soil to ridge and build a nursery bed; performing dibble seeding of Rhizoma Paridis seeds in a ditch and covering a layer of 0.5 to 1 cm thickness of plant ash; covering the plant ash layer through a layer of 1 to 2 cm thickness of thin soil or saw dust, pouring enough seedling water and maintaining the moisture and the breathable state of the covering layers until seedlings emerge and are grown into mature seedlings; timely transplanting the mature seedlings or Rhizoma Paridis tubers obtained through cutting into a ridge; performing daily water and fertilizer management on Rhizoma Paridis survived through the transplanting; spraying 10 to 20% of plant ash leaching filtrate on leaf surfaces when the height of Rhizoma Paridis plants is 5 to 15 cm so as to improve the life force of leaves, ensure the enough photosynthesis and promote the growth of the Rhizoma Paridis tubers; spraying 50 to 80% of plant ash leaching filtrate on the leaf surfaces before and after blossom so as to prompt plant branches and leaves to be green, reduce the fall-off of the seeds and improve the quality of the seeds; harvesting the tubers when the continuous planting on the Rhizoma Paridis is 5 to 7 years. According to the pesticide-free and fertilizer-free pure ecological Rhizoma Paridis high yield cultivation technology, the pollution to Rhizoma Paridis products, the soil, water sources and the air due to chemical factors is avoided, the pure ecological, green and high yield effect is achieved, and the guarantee is brought to the safety of materials of the traditional Chinese medicine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wild traditional Chinese medicine cultivation of plants technology, particularly exempt from agricultural chemicals and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer.
Background technology
Paris polyphylla is a kind of important traditional Chinese medicine, all plays an important role, can often use in daily tcm prescription in many famous Chinese patent drugs are as flavour of a drug compositions such as Yunnan Baiyao.Along with the development of China's traditional Chinese medicine, the many traditional Chinese medicine demands comprising Paris polyphylla increase, and supply of material breach is increasing, only can not meet market demand by the resources of natural crude drugs.To this, people have started the trial carrying out the traditional Chinese medicines such as extensive artificial planting Paris polyphylla.
Because Paris polyphylla is all by excavating in the professional persons to remote mountains such as doctor among the people over the past thousands of years, do not relate to its habit of growth and growing environment, our ancestors do not leave the classics or testing data that how much can use for reference to us, the science and technology such as modern biology and agronomy is just research at the early-stage especially, and in Paris polyphylla, such as damage by disease and insect genesis mechanism, means of prevention, what fertilizer of each growth period all can not belong to unknown number with what fertilizer etc.Us are needed to remove conscientious test and study.
In addition and do not know what other purposes in addition in people's knowledge and experience in the past, ash is a kind of very common farmyard manure, owing to being rich in potassium, is often used as the base fertilizer of the tuber crops such as potato, Ipomoea batatas.Particularly in Paris polyphylla plantation, execute there is what special function except the same with general crop as base fertilizer.And in Paris polyphylla plantation, often having the generation of the disease such as stem rot, damping off, when these diseases occur, people's first selects to be exactly applying pesticides.But Paris polyphylla, as a kind of conventional traditional Chinese medicine, industry is very high to its quality requirement, wherein of paramount importance index has been exactly persticide residue and content of beary metal.If prevent and treat these diseases with agricultural chemicals, the gesture heart causes agricultural chemicals to exceed standard, and causes very big hidden danger to the healthy of consumer.Therefore, seldom use the Paris polyphylla medicinal material that exceeds standard of agricultural chemicals in the industry, and adopt farmyard manure, without chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, carry out natural, ecological under the welcome of the Paris polyphylla of planting out extremely labor market.In this context, under the pure natural conditions of pure ecology, how to plant the technology that Paris polyphylla has just become people to thirst for realizing stable high yield, but such technology does not also occur so far, or a pendent large problem.Wherein, how to utilize ash to realize above-mentioned target especially one be problem rarely known by the people.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention proposes one exactly and exempts from agricultural chemicals and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, with solve Paris polyphylla damage by disease and insect under pure naturally pure ecologic planting condition many, yield poorly and ropy problem, for market provides sufficient high-quality Paris polyphylla medicinal raw material.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
One is exempted from agricultural chemicals and is exempted from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that it has the following steps:
(1) select the woods swale making ridge that humus is many, loosing soil is ventilative, build up nursery bed;
(2) by the program request of Paris polyphylla seed in ditch, be then covered with the ash that one deck 0.5-1cm is thick;
(3) cover the thick fine earth of one deck 1-2cm or sawdust on ash cover layer again, water sufficient nursery water, keep tectal moisture with ventilative state until emerge and grow up into seedling;
(4) the Paris polyphylla stem tuber seedling of step (3) or cut obtained is transplanted in time as transplanted seedling and meets in ground ridge that step (1) requires;
(5) daily water and fertilizer management is carried out to the Paris polyphylla of transplant survival;
(6) when Paris polyphylla plant grows to 5-15cm height, to the ash lixivium of foliage-spray 10-20%, to improve blade vitality, ensure enough photosynthesis, promote Paris polyphylla tuber growth; SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, to the ash lixivium of foliage-spray 50-80%, is impelled plant branches and leaves dark green, is strengthened photosynthesis, reduces son and comes off in fact, improve seed quality;
(7) stem block of gathering when planting 5-7 supported continuously by Paris polyphylla, for being processed into dry medicinal material.
In step (4), ground ridge pull-up ditch or beat the pool, makees base fertilizer with ash or the fertilizer that is mixed with ash in ditch or in the pool.
The nursery of step (1)-(3) can be replaced by nutritional bag, the step of nutritional bag first loads in nutritious bag by the Nutrition Soil mixing 5-20% ash, then Paris polyphylla Seed Points is sowed in Nutrition Soil, carries out daily aqueous vapor and sunlight management, until become the seedling being applicable to transplanting.
The woods shade of step (1) can replace with sunshade net.
The preparation steps of the ash lixivium of step (6) is: in the fresh ash of 10-20 weight portion, adding clear water to total number is 100, and leave standstill 12-16 hour after fully stirring, namely deslagging filtering obtains lixivium.The ash lixivium way of all the other concentration is analogous to this.
For the nursery bed of step (1), first remove by the amount of every mu of 30-50Kg and execute ash, to kill the sick worm in underground and germ as much as possible, protection Paris polyphylla seed, seedling root, stem and leaf, reduce damage by disease and insect, this step to Paris polyphylla damping off and anthracnose effective especially.
For the Paris polyphylla plant of plantation more than 1 year, every strain imposes 2.5-5Kg ash, to prevent and treat stem rot.
Once sprayed to the ash lixivium of 2-3% the Paris polyphylla plant of plantation more than 1 year every 2-4 week, in case eliminate aphis and two spotted spider mite.
Feature of the present invention following several in:
(1) Paris polyphylla from nursery to the whole process of results, stop the use of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer completely, avoid the pollution of chemical factor to Paris polyphylla product and local soil, water source and air, accomplished that the green of pure ecology is produced;
(2) successfully have found with ash is the technological approaches of main fertilizer and disease and insect resistance agricultural chemicals substitute, fertile as base fertilizer, leaf by each growth period of Paris polyphylla and topdress combined administration, both for foot, the nutrient needed for Paris polyphylla plant in turn enhanced disease and the resistivities to the insect pest such as aphid, two spotted spider mite such as such as stem rot, damping off, anthracnose.The Paris polyphylla of ash is not used than not applying pesticides, the incidence of disease of stem rot, damping off and anthracnose reduces 80-90%, 50-65% and 60-70% respectively, aphid and two spotted spider mite incidence reduce more than 90%, spray the efficient of ash lixivium and reach more than 95%;
(3) than equal soil, gas epidemic disaster and humus condition, the Paris polyphylla of the same age adopting chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals cultivation, Paris polyphylla output of the present invention is with it quite or a little less than 5-9%, but the qualification rate 100% of remains of pesticide index, the heavy metal content index qualification rates more than 99% such as lead, copper, chromium, arsenic; All be far superior to control group;
(4) environmental protection, plantation cost low, high efficiency, the present invention plants the disease and insect resistance drug substitute that Paris polyphylla take ash as main fertilizer, fertile not mixed with the agriculture such as stack retting human and animal excreta in application, block the propagation in soil of various harmful worm's ovum, germ and breeding, grown up healthy and sound for Paris polyphylla and lay a good foundation, exempt from agricultural chemicals to fertilize in addition, thus environmental protection, cost ineffective benefit is high;
(5) Paris polyphylla product drug effect is high, quality good, and through this pure ecology of the present invention, long-living plantation for a long time, the medicinal active ingredient of Paris polyphylla inside urges long Paris polyphylla to exceed 15-30% than chemical fertilizer, is the object that businessman competitively offers high prices for.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the Paris polyphylla material object spraying ash lixivium in the florescence shines.
Fig. 2 is that in control group 2, Paris polyphylla material object of the same age shines.Blade having abnormal pigmentary deposit on the skin point, turns to be yellow in blade face.
Fig. 3 is the photograph heavy in kind that the technology of the present invention plants an age.
Fig. 4 is that Paris polyphylla stem rot disease plant acrial part material object shines.
Fig. 5 is that Paris polyphylla stem rot disease plant under ground portion material object shines.
Fig. 6 is that the sprouting material object that the Paris polyphylla plant after adopting the technology of the present invention to cure sends again shines.
Embodiment
Advantageous Effects of the present invention is further illustrated below with example.
The Jinping, Yunnan county at applicant place is the borderland county in mountain region more than, on the south the tropic of Capricorn, belongs to tropical monsoon climate band, rainfall is abundant, and dry hygroscopic water is bright, and domestic many rivers, forest coverage reach more than 80%, annual mean temperature more than 18 DEG C, soil is comparatively fertile.Applicant unit starts to plant experimentally Paris polyphylla for 2005, and with the sparse Lin Yin mountain region of same latitude being respectively 5 mu and 7 mu at a distance of 15 kilometers two pieces as a comparison cultivation base carry out industrial experimentation research.The soil property in two plot, water content, soil fertility condition are similar.
The cultivation of Small burden uses chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals by the mode of modern agricultural technology, and implementing plot of the present invention is then main fertilizer to use ash, does not use chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals completely.Start then, the seedling of two places is the seedling of same place cultivating seeds, and seedling does not all use chemical fertilizer from being seeded into seedling, only with the composite fertilizer of ash and the process of part high-temperature sterilization.
The control group of example 1, use chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals: select the ground of wherein one piece 4 mu to carry out fertilizer and pesticide cultivation in control group plot, test 1 in contrast.Remove in cave, the pool during seedling replanting and execute general calcium as base fertilizer, after seedling survives except the water and fertilizer management of routine, also regularly spray aperiodically and prevent and treat damping off, stem rot, and for the agricultural chemicals of two spotted spider mite, aphid, impose summer such as urea or carbon ammonium etc.See worm laxative.See disease medication under agricultural experts instruct.
To support when planting to the 6th year 03 months sufficient year continuously like this, excavation results, remove cauline leaf part and fibrous root, shrug off sandy soil, the weight of clean stem tuber fresh goods is 121 tons, and average yield per mu 30.25 tons, average single plant yield reaches 4.32Kg.
Through sampling laboratory examination, the residual quantity of the agricultural chemicals such as Rogor, tears tears ladder exceeds businessman's requirement, and heavy metal lead, arsenic etc. are also defective, and because looking for improper buyer for the moment, applicant unit have to put up with and sell by low the selling by the buyer.
Example 2, use stack retting human and animal excreta, composite fertilizer, without ash, also without the control group of fertilizer and pesticide: in control group plot, test 2 in contrast with 1 mu of remaining plot.Seedling and check experiment 1 be same batch of seedling, transplanting time is also identical, and the farmyard manure crossed with stack retting is done and composite fertilizer mixes in 3:1 ratio and makes base fertilizer, carries out conventional water and fertilizer management after seedling survives.From Second Year, carry out topdressing 1-2 time every year, loosen the soil ventilative, refertilize after one day before fertilising with agriculture fertilizer, the human and animal excreta that the fertile mainly stack retting of agriculture is crossed, the vegetalitas such as biogas generating pit discharging are fertile.Manually pinch when finding two spotted spider mite or aphid and kill.
Support continuously when planting to the 6th year sufficient year, find that the plant because of damping off, the dead pool absolutely of stem rot accounts for 5.67%, because of disease and insect pest cause growing way small and weak account for 11.9%.Support and plant to excavation results during the 6th year 03 months sufficient year, remove cauline leaf part and fibrous root, shrug off sandy soil, the weight of clean stem tuber fresh goods is 19.87 tons.
Through sampling inspection, find the used residue of pesticide of contrast 1, exceed standard in sample, reason may be this plot next-door neighbour's control group 1, floats down on the wind caused by this plot Paris polyphylla plant when spraying insecticide.
Example 3, implement situation of the present invention: on above-mentioned 7 mu of bases, with wherein 2 mu transplant the Paris polyphylla seedling with control group same batch, distance between rows and hills is identical, by every mu of 7000 strain field planting.Base fertilizer ash mixes fertilizer with decomposed manure, and base fertilizer is removed in a manner described to impose on and drawn in ditch or in cave, the pool, then earthing waters normal root water, regularly waters until seedling survives.
In order to purer ash further does the difference that base fertilizer and ash adds well-rotted farmyard manure, base fertilizer is only made with ash in the plot of marking a piece 5 mu in 7 mu of plot, and all the other conditions are constant.
The described farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed a part of human and animal excreta is added the leavening heap that becomes thoroughly decomposed together with a part of barnyard manure, green manure warm up fermentation, allow and pile the high temperature that the interior temperature that sticks together reaches 60-70 DEG C even higher, kill most of harmful microorganism and worm's ovum, the fertilizer obtained after then manually tedding screening removal of impurities.As Paris polyphylla base fertilizer after this fertilizer and ash mix in 1:1 ratio.
When Paris polyphylla seedling survives, plant grows to 5-15cm height, to the ash lixivium of foliage-spray 10-20%, after 10-20 days, plant leaf starts greening of growing up, blade is smooth without abnormal pigmentary deposit on the skin, grows fine, with the formation comparatively striking contrast (seeing Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively) of control group.After this at quarterly intervals repeat spraying once, Second Year, except continuing blade face to spray except ash lixivium, also imposes fresh ash 1-3Kg to each plant.The mode imposed around plant, removes filling of executing or add water execute, and notes removing when executing not allowing ash directly contact with plant, with unburned meal with wine damage.Water and also will circumferentially carry out by line, not too close or contact plant.
After 3rd year, the growing way according to each plant and underground stem tuber imposes or sprays ash or ash lixivium discriminatively, and not necessarily every strain all carries out same fertilising.After 4th year, plant growing way roughly reaches unanimity, and sprays ash lixivium finding that the place of two spotted spider mite or aphid supplements.
When entering the 5th year, be that base fertilizer ash mixes fertilizer with the agriculture fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed or the Paris polyphylla of independent ash all only sees fragmentary stem wilt and aphid disease, the incidence of disease is less than 1%.And multiple partly betiding in the 2 mu of plot adopting mixing base fertilizer of falling ill.For the plant of only a few Died Of Disease, divide the stem block scaled off to mend the pool with the vigorous plant of contiguous growth, strengthen liquid manure nursing, to cover the loss as far as possible.
During by the 6th year, by the sampling Detection to underground stem block, average individual plant stem block weight reaches 3.95Kg, and persticide residue is zero, content of beary metal etc., and all technical meets purchase businessman standard completely.Answer acquiring firm requirement, these 7 mu of Paris polyphylla are not temporarily excavated, and all purchase to disposable high price when 7 years wait supporting foot, both sides have formally signed contract to sell at this point.
When the 7th year, undertaken expiring excavating by contract, through measuring on the spot, stem tuber fresh goods 228.9 tons gathered in the crops altogether by 7 mu of Paris polyphylla of planting out with ash, average yield per mu 32.7 tons.Wherein, adopt 2 mu of Paris polyphylla of mixing base fertilizer than only using 5 mu of ash, every mu of many 350Kg output, illustrate and adopt mixing fertilizer to have better effect, but also illustrate when adopting mixing base fertilizer, insufficient owing to fermenting, fermentation temperature is uneven may be caused part harmful levels of pathogens to be harmful to worm's ovum thoroughly not killed simultaneously, make it in soil, bring back to life breeding, to such an extent as to the incidences such as stem rot aphid disease are higher.
It should be added that, the Paris polyphylla plant of stem rot occurs in this routine planting process, adopt ash lixivium of the present invention repeatedly to spray the effect also having healing, as long as spray in time in one week after morbidity, once a day, after continuous seven days, diseased plant returns to normal gradually; More serious plant, the stem of acrial part and leaf all withered come off but stem tuber and root system fair, now morbidity deadwood and rotten leaf is cut off, loosen the soil after breathing freely and first with the vegetation lixivium of 10-20%, Shi Yizhou is filled with to underground stem block and root system, ash lixivium again with 30-50% when sending Deng sprouting sprays, once a day, continuous two weeks, namely sprouting restore normal growth situation.See Fig. 4-6.
Experiment repeatedly proves, Paris polyphylla can allow blade greening significantly to the ash lixivium of blade spraying 50-80% in latter 5 days before flowering, strengthens photosynthesis and reduces flowers and fruits and come off, improve seed quality and quantity.
For the plant finding aphid and two spotted spider mite, spray with the ash lixivium of 2-3% can effectively kill or throw out insect.The generation that once effectively can prevent these insect pests is sprayed every 2-4 week.
Claims (8)
1. exempt from agricultural chemicals and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that it has the following steps:
(1) select the woods swale making ridge that humus is many, loosing soil is ventilative, build up nursery bed;
(2) by the program request of Paris polyphylla seed in ditch, be then covered with the ash that one deck 0.5-1cm is thick;
(3) cover the thick fine earth of one deck 1-2cm or sawdust on ash cover layer again, water sufficient nursery water, keep tectal moisture with ventilative state until emerge and grow up into seedling;
(4) the Paris polyphylla stem tuber seedling of step (3) or cut obtained is transplanted in time as transplanted seedling and meets in ground ridge that step (1) requires;
(5) daily water and fertilizer management is carried out to the Paris polyphylla of transplant survival;
(6) when Paris polyphylla plant grows to 5-15cm height, to the ash lixivium of foliage-spray 10-20%, to improve blade vitality, ensure enough photosynthesis, promote Paris polyphylla tuber growth; SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, to the ash lixivium of foliage-spray 50-80%, is impelled plant branches and leaves dark green, is strengthened photosynthesis, reduces son and comes off in fact, improve seed quality;
(7) stem block of gathering when planting 5-7 supported continuously by Paris polyphylla.
2. exempt from agricultural chemicals according to claim 1 and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that in step (4), ground ridge pull-up ditch or beat the pool, in ditch or in the pool, make base fertilizer with ash or the fertilizer that is mixed with ash.
3. exempt from agricultural chemicals according to claim 1 and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that the nursery of step (1)-(3) is replaced by nutritional bag, the step of nutritional bag first loads in nutritious bag by the Nutrition Soil mixing 5-20% ash, then Paris polyphylla Seed Points is sowed in Nutrition Soil, carry out daily aqueous vapor and sunlight management, until become the seedling being applicable to transplanting.
4. exempt from agricultural chemicals according to claim 1 and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that the woods shade of step (1) can replace with sunshade net.
5. exempt from agricultural chemicals according to claim 1 and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that the preparation steps of the ash lixivium of step (6) is: in the fresh ash of 10-20 weight portion, adding clear water to total number is 100, abundant stirring leaves standstill 12-16 hour afterwards, and namely deslagging filtering obtains lixivium.
6. exempt from agricultural chemicals according to claim 1 and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that the nursery bed for step (1), first remove by the amount of every mu of 30-50Kg and execute ash, to kill the sick worm in underground and germ as much as possible.
7. exempt from agricultural chemicals according to claim 1 and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that the Paris polyphylla plant for plantation more than 1 year, every strain imposes 2.5-5Kg ash, to prevent and treat stem rot.
8. exempting from agricultural chemicals according to claim 1 and exempt from the pure ecological Paris polyphylla high-yield planting technology of chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that the ash lixivium to once spraying 2-3% the Paris polyphylla plant of plantation more than 1 year every 2-4 week, in case eliminate aphis and two spotted spider mite.
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Cited By (5)
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CN105248126A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-20 | 云南邦森农业科技开发有限公司 | Paris polyphylla original ecology large-scale planting method |
CN106233953A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-21 | 红河山鼎生物资源开发有限公司 | A kind of artificial domesticating cultivation method of medicinal wild Rhizoma Paridis |
CN106465618A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-03-01 | 四川广合达农业开发有限公司 | A kind of scientific and effective Rhizoma Paridis implantation methods |
CN106613087A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 道真自治县华树药业有限责任公司 | Paris polyphylla planting method |
CN114342763A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Compound control method for paris polyphylla mosses and lichens |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106465618A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-03-01 | 四川广合达农业开发有限公司 | A kind of scientific and effective Rhizoma Paridis implantation methods |
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CN106233953A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-12-21 | 红河山鼎生物资源开发有限公司 | A kind of artificial domesticating cultivation method of medicinal wild Rhizoma Paridis |
CN106613087A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-05-10 | 道真自治县华树药业有限责任公司 | Paris polyphylla planting method |
CN114342763A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Compound control method for paris polyphylla mosses and lichens |
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